Police Community Partnership Forum (FKPM): Rembug Pekon in the

leaders, and general community leaders. BKPM also become a place to seek for community settlement of the problem, and the police officer acts as a consultant or mediator who is in neutral position and provides the best solution in solving the problems among people. Furthermore, it can be functioned as service center where people can make reports or complaints. The police will provide mail reports of the information on missing important papers and document, make cover letter of displaced manpower that is addressed to the department of social welfare, escort and giving security assistance for public activities, give the first act against the crime, as well as receiving public reports and complaints. Lastly, BKPM can be a sharing center as a meeting place for police and community including government and others public institution to discusses things, which became important matters and need some solution and to be solved together.

4. 2 Police Community Partnership Forum (FKPM): Rembug Pekon in

The duty of FKPM is to detect the problems. This means they should collect data and identify any problems that occur in their own environment. This forum is expected to take part of general policing functions, which is formally done by police officers only. It, the police and community forum meeting show in the photo (see Figure 37), does not only discuss and establish a work program but also specifically addressing issues relating to the social aspects of social order.

This forum is also served to accommodate the complaints of citizens and present it to the police officers and relevant government officials to find a way out.

Figure 37. FKPM meeting in Western Tanjung Karang Sector Police

The police and community partnership forum attempts to create a common agreement (furthermore the agreement will be written and socialize to the citizen show in photo 34), about what to do as an effort to identify and realize the need for security in the neighborhood⁷⁰. People who are members of this forum are entitled to be allowed to take a limited police act. For example, when there is theft in the surrounding neighborhood the members are entitled to arrest temporary and subsequently hand over the offender to the police to be dealt with in applicable

70 Based on Indonesian Chief Police Regulation No.3/2015 on community policing, article 1 point

law. FKPM also has the authority to enforce local traditional “adat” laws that have been agreed as customs regulations. They make an agreement about the things that need to or not allowed to be done by residents that became local rule in the neighborhood and socializing it (see Figure 38). They are also entitled to provide opinions and advice to the chief of sector police both written and oral.

Figure 38. FKPM socialization meeting results as local law that must be obey by the community neighborhoods

Although people who are members of this forum are the extension of the police and have the authority to carry out policing on a limited action, they are not entitled to apply a whole policing of the official police. They are forbidden to form task forces, use attributes and emblem of police symbol. They are also forbidden to act vigilante or police action (effort forced) to handle its own criminal case and the settlement of crime cases and offense (unless caught red-handed with no police presence at the time). The community is also prohibited for using the FKPM name or associate relationship in conducting practical politics.

FKPM may be named by other terms in accordance with local agreements. In this section, we will discuss the implementation of FKPM in Lampung province. In Lampung, the activity of police and community partnership forum is known as

“rembug pekon”. The term comes from Lampungnese language, "rembug" which means deliberation or gathering our thoughts and "pekon" which means village.

Rembug Pekon program is intended to maximize the role of intelligence function at the grassroots level. This program was established as prevention effort of crime or conflict, which may occur in the community. At least, there were 179 social cases, which had been resolved by the community policing through FKPM and bhabinkamtibmas over the past five months, from January to May 2015⁷¹. During that time through FKPM, bhabinkamtibmas with the community had completed cases occurred in neighborhood, such as domestic violence, assault and high words between neighbors without going through the legal process. Sixty percent of the cases were resolved. The most prominent were domestic violence cases, light cases such as misdemeanor, physical fighting and high words between neighbors and minor theft. Technological advances such as infidelity through cellphone and online crimes triggered some cases. Furthermore, economic progress could evoke crime cases such as theft and other criminal acts.

Police and community partnership forum in Lampung province, rembug pekon, was built on the basis of mutual agreement. In the initial term recommendation written in a memorandum of understanding (MoU), it was agreed that the forum should be optimized to avoid potential conflicts. Rembug pekon forum was composed of the heads of “pekon” village or sub district heads, traditional leaders, youth leaders, religious leader representatives, and rural development

71 Interview held with Brigpol Kadim, bhabinkamtibmas of Durian Payung sub district on August

agency of the army forced, as well as the development agency of the security and public order of the police elements. This MoU ackowledges the importance of a forum for tackling and overcoming horizontal conflicts in Lampung. It was first outlined in a MOU signed on January 15, 2013 by the Governor of Lampung (Sjachroedin ZP), Police Chief Lampung Brigadier General (Heru Winarko) and Military Commander Garuda Hitam Colonel (Czi. Amalsyah Tarmizi) in the Central Keratun of Lampung Provincial office⁷². The MoU was aspired to prevent the rise of communal conflicts in Lampung as happened in 2012. The barrage conflict occurred in South Lampung, Mesuji, East Lampung, Central Lampung, and others.

The law enforcement process cannot always settle social conflicts, and sometimes the problems in the community can be solved through social harmonization in the deliberations. The elements included in this rembug pekon forum proactively maintain order and security in the village or foster area, especially against the potential commotion that could lead to conflict.

The implementation of community policing in Lampung province prioritizes local knowledge and its related concept, which means that the application must be in accordance with the shape or characteristic of the implementation area. Not only it uses the term of rembug pekon for FKPM since January 2013 led by Police Chief General Heru Winarko. There is also another program, which use other Lampungnese term which is known as anjau silau, taken from the Lampunese

72<http://regional.kompas.com/read/2013/01/15/12181410/Rembuk.Pekon.Jadi.Wadah.Atasi.Konfl ik.di.Lampung> last accessed on December 1, 2015

philosophy, used since June 2015 led by Police Chief Brigadier General Edward Syah Pernong⁷³. Anjau silau means to visit or to look in Lampungnese. Basically, anjau silau is exactly similar to sambang or patrols, which is conducted by bhabinkamtibmas. Within the program, officers came to the community to establish communication before the criminal act occurred. They emphasize the local wisdom that every problem sought to be solved as early as possible to the community. Anjau silau has impression of preempt strategy to approach the field first, as well as a continuing program of rembug pekon approach.

Rembug pekon focuses on dynamic community-oriented problem solving, whereas anjau silau is the application of police mission to protect and prevent crime. The prevention is done before the crime occurred. With a mastery of the field, anjau silau becomes guidance for community group or even directly to the personal subjects that are considered necessary to prevent a crime happens.

In these approaches persuasiveness is more highlighted than repressiveness.

Communication network that emphasizes local wisdom in the program is expected to strengthen its acceptance by the public so that, in practice, the community will provide prevention guidance for themselves. The presence of police is more in the form of ideas while the community will implement the ideas.

The mastery of the village or the fostering area in anjau silau does not mean to physically occupy the ground of the official police. Rather, through direct

73 <http://www.lampost.co/berita/lampost-terbitkan-buku-bhayangkara-lampung-melintas-badai>

communication approach to the community would be mobilized to animate the movement of community self-security prevention action, such as night guard like siskamling. The direct communication is an invention for the remote area so that the security task of the police could keep running without the physical presence of police on the place. The most important mission of the police in the foster area of course is the creation of a developing atmosphere to private security activity by the community itself. Persuasive approach is maintained not to reduce the firmness of the police in its duty to uphold the law enforcement but to promote community’s coordination for security prevention task.