∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バ∠ョ ヴ⌒プ ∠マ∠レΒ⌒ダ∇バ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ｚリ⌒ヰ⌒ヤ⊥ィ∇ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ ｚリ⌒ヰΑ⌒ギ∇Α∠ぺ
∠プ び ∀ユΒ⌒ェｚケ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ⌒ま ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚリ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇ゲ⌒ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇シや∠ヱ ｚリ⊥ヰ∇バ⌒Αゅ∠ら
(12. O Prophet ! When t he believing women come t o you pledging t o you t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, and t hat t hey will not st eal, and t hat t hey will not commit Zina, and t hat t hey will not kill t heir children, and t hat t hey will not ut t er slander, fabricat ing from bet ween t heir hands and t heir feet , and t hat t hey will not disobey you in Ma` ruf (good), Allah said t o t he fait hful believers,
∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ゎゅ∠プ ラ⌒ま∠ヱぴ
∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ボ⇒∠バ∠プ ⌒ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ヴ∠ャ⌒ま ∇ユ⊥ム⌒ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇リあョ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠モ∇んあョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇ろ∠ら∠ワ∠ク ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ び ∠ラヲ⊥レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ョ ⌒ヮ⌒よ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ン⌒グｚャや ∠ヮｚヤャや
(And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent . And have Taqwa of Allah, t he One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman revert s t o t he idolat ors, t he believers should give back t he dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from what ever money is left wit h t hem from t he dowery of women who migrat ed t o t he Muslims. They were supposed t o ret urn t his wealt h t o t he idolat or husbands of t hese emigrant women. If t hey st ill have anyt hing t hey owed t he idolat ors, t hen t hey should ret urn it t o t hem.''
(I have accept ed your pledge.) but , by Allah, he never t ouched t he hand of any women at all while t aking t he pledge from t hem. He only t ook t heir pledge of allegiance by saying,
マ⌒ャ∠ク ヴヤ∠ハ ⌒マ⊥わ∇バ∠Αゅ∠よ ∇ギ∠ホ
»
«
(I have accept ed your pledge.)'' This is t he wording of Al-Bukhari. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat Umaymah bint Ruqayqah said, "I came t o Allah's Messenger wit h some women t o give him our pledge and he t ook t he pledge from us t hat is ment ioned in t he Qur'an, t hat we associat e none wit h Allah, et c; as in t he Ayah. Then he said,
リ⊥わ∇ボ∠デ∠ぺ∠ヱ ｚリ⊥わ∇バ∠ト∠わ∇シや ゅ∠ヨΒ⌒プ
»
«
(As much as you can bear t o implement .) We said, ` Surely, Allah and His Messenger are more merciful wit h us t han we are wit h ourselves.' We t hen said, ` O Allah's Messenger, should you not shake hands wit h us' He said,
∃り∠ギ⌒ェや∠ヱ ∃り∠ぺ∠ゲ∇ョゅ⌒ャ ヶ⌒ャ∇ヲ∠ホ ゅ∠ヨｚル⌒ま ∩∠￢ゅ∠ジあレャや ⊥ウ⌒プゅ∠タ⊥ぺ ゅ∠ャ ヶあル⌒ま
»
り∠ぺ∠ゲ∇ョや ⌒る∠もゅ⌒ヨ⌒ャ ヶ⌒ャ∇ヲ∠ボ∠ミ«
(I do not shake hands wit h women, for my st at ement t o one woman is as sufficient as my st at ement t o a hundred women.)'' This Hadit h has an aut hent ic chain of narrat ion; At -Tirmidhi, An-Nasa'i and Ibn Maj ah collect ed it . Al-Bukhari also recorded t hat Umm ` At iyah said, "The Messenger of Allah t ook our pledge and recit ed t o us t he Ayah,
び⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ ⌒ヮｚヤャゅ⌒よ ∠リ∇ミ⌒ゲ∇ゼ⊥Α ｚΙ ラ∠ぺぴ
(...t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah,) and forbade us t o wail for t he dead.
Thereupon, a lady wit hdrew her hand saying, ` But such and such lady shared wit h me in lament ing (over one of my relat ives), so I must reward hers.' The Prophet did not obj ect t o t hat , so she went t here and ret urned t o t he Prophet and he accept ed her pledge of allegiance.'' Muslim also collect ed t his Hadit h. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` Ubadah bin As-Samit said,
"While we were wit h t he Prophet , he said,
ゅ∠ャ∠ヱ ∩ゅ⇔ゃ∇Β∠セ ⌒ぶゅ⌒よ やヲ⊥ミ⌒ゲ∇ゼ⊥ゎ ゅ∠ャ ∇ラ∠ぺ ヴヤ∠ハ ヶ⌒ルヲ⊥バ⌒Αゅ∠ら⊥ゎ
»
∇ユ⊥ミ∠キゅ∠ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ やヲ⊥ヤ⊥わ∇ボ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥ル∇ゴ∠ゎ ゅ∠ャ∠ヱ ∩やヲ⊥ホ⌒ゲ∇ジ∠ゎ
«
(Pledge t o me in t hat you will not associat e any wit h Allah, nor st eal, nor commit Zina, nor kill your children.) Then he recit ed t he Ayah t hat begins;
び⊥ろ⇒∠レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠ポ∠￢べ∠ィ や∠ク⌒まぴ
(when t he believing women come t o you. ..) and t ook t he pledge of allegiance from t he women. He t hen added,
∇レ⌒ョ ヴ∠プ∠ヱ ∇リ∠ヨ∠プ
»
∠ゆゅ∠タ∠ぺ ∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ∩⌒ぶや ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥ロ⊥ゲ∇ィ∠ほ∠プ ∇ユ⊥ム
∇リ∠ョ∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮ∠ャ ∀り∠ケゅｚヘ∠ミ ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ ⌒ヮ⌒よ ∠ょ⌒ホヲ⊥バ∠プ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Β∠セ ∠マ⌒ャ∠ク ∇リ⌒ョ ヴ∠ャ⌒ま ∠ヲ⊥ヰ∠プ ⌒ヮ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ ⊥ぶや ⊥ロ∠ゲ∠わ∠ジ∠プ ゅ⇔ゃ∇Β∠セ ∠マ⌒ャ∠ク ∇リ⌒ョ ∠ゆゅ∠タ∠ぺ ヮ∠よｚグ∠ハ ∠￢ゅ∠セ ∇ラ⌒ま∠ヱ ∩⊥ヮ∠ャ ∠ゲ∠ヘ∠ビ ∠￢ゅ∠セ ∇ラ⌒ま ∩⌒ぶや
«
(Those among you who fulfill t his pledge, will receive t heir reward from Allah. Those who deviat e from any of it and receive t he legal punishment (in t his life), t he punishment will be expiat ion for t hat sin. Whoever deviat es from any of it and Allah screens him, t hen it is up t o Allah t o punish or forgive if He wills.) The Two Sahihs recorded t his Hadit h. Allah's st at ement ,
び∠マ∠レ∇バ⌒Αゅ∠ら⊥Α ⊥ろ⇒∠レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠ポ∠￢べ∠ィ や∠ク⌒ま ぁヴ⌒らｚレャや ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑぴ
(O Prophet ! When t he believing women come t o you pledging t o you) means, ` if any woman comes t o you t o give you t he pledge and she accept s t hese condit ions, t hen accept t he pledge from her,'
び∠リ∇ホ⌒ゲ∇ジ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ ⌒ヮｚヤャゅ⌒よ ∠リ∇ミ⌒ゲ∇ゼ⊥Α ｚΙ ラ∠ぺ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハぴ
(t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, t hat t hey will not st eal,) meaning, t he propert y of ot her people. In t he case where a husband is not fulfilling his dut y of spending on his wife, t hen she is allowed t o use a part of his wealt h, what is reasonable, t o spend on herself. This is t he case regardless of whet her t he husband knows about his wife's act ions or not , because of t he Hadit h in which Hind bint ` Ut bah said, "O Allah's Messenger! Abu Sufyan is a miser! He does not give me sufficient money for t he living expense of our family and myself.
Am I allowed t o secret ly t ake from his money wit hout his knowledge'' Allah's Messenger said t o her,
ヶ⌒ヘ∇ム∠Α∠ヱ ⌒マΒ⌒ヘ∇ム∠Α ゅ∠ョ ∩⌒フヱ⊥ゲ∇バ∠ヨ∇ャゅ⌒よ ⌒ヮ⌒ャゅ∠ョ ∇リ⌒ョ ヵ⌒グ⊥カ
»
マΒ⌒レ∠よ«
(You may t ake from what is reasonable and appropriat e for you and your children) This Hadit h was recorded in t he t wo Sahihs. Allah's st at ement ,
び∠リΒ⌒ル∇ゴ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(t hey will not commit Zina,) is similar t o His ot her st at ement ,
び ⇔ΚΒ⌒ら∠シ ∠￢べ∠シ∠ヱ ⇔る∠ゼ⌒ェゅ∠プ ∠ラゅ∠ミ ⊥ヮｚル⌒ま ヴ∠ルあゴャや ∇やヲ⊥よ∠ゲ∇ボ∠ゎ ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(And come not near t o Az-Zina. Verily, it is a Fahishah (immoral act ) and an evil way.) (17:32) A Hadit h collect ed from Samurah ment ions t hat for t he adult erers and fornicat ors t here is a painful t orment in t he fire of Hell. Imam Ahmad recorded t hat ` A'ishah said, "Fat imah bint
` Ut bah came t o give her pledge t o Allah's Messenger , who t ook t he pledge from her,
び∠リΒ⌒ル∇ゴ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ∠リ∇ホ⌒ゲ∇ジ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ ⌒ヮｚヤャゅ⌒よ ∠リ∇ミ⌒ゲ∇ゼ⊥Α ｚΙ ラ∠ぺぴ
(t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, t hey will not st eal, t hat t hey will not commit Zina (fornicat ion and adult ery),) Fat imah bashfully placed her hand on her head in shyness. The Prophet liked what she did. ` A'ishah said, ` O woman! Accept t he pledge, because by Allah, we all gave t he pledge t o t he same.' She said, ` Yes t hen,' and she gave her pledge t o t he same t hings ment ioned in t he Ayah.''' Allah's st at ement ,
びｚリ⊥ワ∠ギ⇒∇ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∠リ∇ヤ⊥わ∇ボ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(t hat t hey will not kill t heir children,) includes killing children aft er t hey are born. The people of Jahiliyyah used t o kill t heir children because t hey feared povert y. The Ayah includes killing t he fet us, j ust as some ignorant women do for various evil reasons. Allah's st at ement ,
びｚリ⌒ヰ⌒ヤ⊥ィ∇ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ ｚリ⌒ヰΑ⌒ギ∇Α∠ぺ ∠リ∇Β∠よ ⊥ヮ∠レΑ⌒ゲ∠わ∇ヘ∠Α ∃リ⇒∠わ⊥ヰ⊥ら⌒よ ∠リΒ⌒ゎ∇ほ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(and t hat t hey will not ut t er slander, fabricat ing from bet ween t heir hands and t heir feet ,) Ibn
` Abbas said, "It means t hat t hey not t o at t ribut e t o t heir husbands ot her t han t heir legit imat e children.'' Muqat il said similarly. Allah's st at ement ,
び∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バ∠ョ ヴ⌒プ ∠マ∠レΒ⌒ダ∇バ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(and t hat t hey will not disobey you in Ma` ruf (good),) means, ` t hat t hey will obey you when you order t hem t o do good and forbid t hem from evil.' Al-Bukhari recorded t hat Ibn ` Abbas said about Allah's st at ement ,
び∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バ∠ョ ヴ⌒プ ∠マ∠レΒ⌒ダ∇バ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(and t hat t hey will not disobey you in any Ma` ruf (good), ) "This was one of t he condit ions which Allah imposed on t he women. '' Maymun bin Mihran said, "Allah did not order obedience t o His Prophet for ot her t han Ma` ruf, and Ma` ruf is it self obedience.'' Ibn Zayd said, "Allah commanded t hat His Messenger, t he best of His creat ion, be obeyed in t hat which is Ma` ruf.'' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Umm ` At iyah Al-Ansariyah said, "Among t he condit ions included in our pledge t o Allah's Messenger t o good was not t o wail. A woman said, ` So-and-so family brought comfort t o me (by wailing over my dead relat ive), so I will first pay t hem back.' So she went and paid t hem back in t he same (wailed for t heir dead), and t hen came and gave her pledge.
Only she and Umm Sulaym bint Milhan, t he mot her of Anas bin Malik, did so.'' Al-Bukhari collect ed t his Hadit h from t he way of Hafsah bint Sirin from Umm ` At iyah Nusaybah
Ansariyah, may Allah be pleased wit h her. Ibn Abi Hat im recorded t hat Asid bin Abi Asid Al-Barrad said t hat one of t he women who gave t he pledge t o Allah's Messenger said, "Among t he condit ions included in t he pledge t hat t he Messenger t ook from us, is t hat we do not disobey any act of Ma` ruf (good) t hat he ordains. We should neit her scrat ch our faces, pull our hair (in grief), t ear our clot hes nor wail.''
や∠￢ ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑぴ
⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ょ⌒ツ∠ビ ⇔ゅョ∇ヲホ ∇や∇ヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ゎ ∠Ι ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョ
∇リ⌒ョ ⊥ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ∠ザ⌒ゃ∠Α ゅ∠ヨ∠ミ ⌒り∠ゲ⌒カｘΙや ∠リ⌒ョ ∇やヲ⊥ジ⌒ゃ∠Α ∇ギ∠ホ ∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ び ⌒ケヲ⊥ら⊥ボ∇ャや ⌒ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ
(13. O you who believe! Take not as friends t he people who incurred t he wrat h of Allah. Surely, t hey have despaired of t he Hereaft er, j ust as t he disbelievers have despaired of t hose (buried) in graves.) Just like in t he beginning of t he Surah, Allah t he Exalt ed forbids t aking t he disbelievers as prot ect ing friends at t he end of t he Surah, saying,
⌒グｚャや ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑぴ
⊥ヮｚヤャや ∠ょ⌒ツ∠ビ ⇔ゅョ∇ヲホ ∇や∇ヲｚャ∠ヲ∠わ∠ゎ ∠Ι ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ
び∇ユ⌒ヰ∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
(O you who believe! Take not as friends t he people who incurred t he wrat h of Allah.) referring t o t he Jews, Christ ians and t he rest of t he disbelievers whom Allah became angry wit h and cursed. Those who deserved being rej ect ed and banished by Him. (Allah says here), ` how can you become t heir allies, friends and companions, aft er Allah decided t hat t hey earn t he despair of receiving any good or delight s in t he Hereaft er' Allah's st at ement ,
び⌒ケヲ⊥ら⊥ボ∇ャや ⌒ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∇リ⌒ョ ⊥ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ∠ザ⌒ゃ∠Α ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ
(j ust as t he disbelievers have despaired of t hose (buried) in graves.) This has t wo possible meanings. First , t he disbelievers despair of ever again meet ing t heir relat ives buried in graves, because t hey do not believe in Resurrect ion or being brought back t o life. Therefore, t hey have no hope t hat t hey will meet t hem again, according t o t heir creed. Secondly, j ust as t he disbelievers who are buried in graves have lost hope in receiving any kind of goodness (i.e., aft er seeing t he punishment and knowing t hat Resurrect ion is t rue). Al-A` mash report ed from Abu Ad-Duha from Masruq t hat Ibn Mas` ud said,
び⌒ケヲ⊥ら⊥ボ∇ャや ⌒ょ⇒∠エ∇タ∠ぺ ∇リ⌒ョ ⊥ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ∠ザ⌒ゃ∠Α ゅ∠ヨ∠ミぴ
(j ust as t he disbelievers have despaired of t hose (buried) in graves.) "Just as t he disbeliever despairs when he dies and realizes and knows his (evil) recompense.'' This is t he saying of Muj ahid, ` Ikrimah, Muqat il, Ibn Zayd, Al-Kalbi and Mansur; Ibn Jarir preferred t his explanat ion.
This is t he end of t he Tafsir of Surat Al-Mumt ahanah, all praise and t hanks be t o Allah.