Allah's st at ement ,
ｘモ⌒ェ ｚリ⊥ワ ∠Ιぴ びｚリ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∠ラヲぁヤ⌒エ∠Α ∇ユ⊥ワ ∠Ι∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥ヰｚャ
(They are not lawful for t he disbelievers nor are t he disbelievers lawf ul for t hem.) This Ayah forbids Muslim women for idolat ors, which was a lawful marriage in t he beginning of Islam. Abu Al-` As bin Ar-Rabi` was married t o Zaynab, t he Prophet 's daught er. She was a Muslim, while Abu Al-` As was st ill an idolat or like his people. When he was capt ured during t he bat t le of Badr, his wife, Zaynab, sent his ransom, a necklace t hat belonged t o t he Prophet 's first wife Khadij ah. The Prophet became very emot ional when he saw t he necklace and said t o t he Companions,
やヲ⊥ヤ∠バ∇プゅ∠プ ゅ∠ワ∠ゲΒ⌒シ∠ぺ ゅ∠ヰ∠ャ やヲ⊥ボ⌒ヤ∇ト⊥ゎ ∇ラ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥わ∇Α∠ぺ∠ケ ∇ラ⌒ま
»
«
(If you decide t o set free t he prisoner who belongs t o her, t hen do so.) They did, and Allah's Messenger set him free. His ransom was t hat he send his wife t o Allah's Messenger . Abu Al-` As fulfilled his promise and sent Zaynab t o Allah's Messenger along wit h Zayd bin Harit hah. Zaynab remained in Al-Madinah aft er t he bat t le of Badr, which t ook place in t he second year of Hij rah, unt il her husband Abu Al-` As bin Ar-Rahi` embraced Islam in t he eight h year aft er t he Hij rah.
She ret urned t o t heir marriage wit hout renewing t he dowery. Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べｚョ ユ⊥ワヲ⊥ゎや∠￢∠ヱぴ
(But give t hem t hat which t hey have spent . ) meaning, t he husbands of t he emigrant women who came from t he idolat ors, ret urn t he dowery t hat t hey gave t o t heir wives. This was said by Ibn ` Abbas, Muj ahid, Qat adah, Az-Zuhri and several ot hers. Allah's st at ement ,
∠ゥゅ∠レ⊥ィ ∠Ι∠ヱぴ ｚリ⊥ワヲ⊥ヨ⊥わ∇Β∠ゎや∠￢ へ∠ク⌒ま ｚリ⊥ワヲ⊥エ⌒ムレ∠ゎ ラ∠ぺ ∇ユ⊥ム∇Β∠ヤ∠ハ
びｚリ⊥ワ∠ケヲ⊥ィ⊥ぺ
(And t here will be no sin on you t o marry t hem if you have paid t heir due t o t hem.) means, when you wish t o marry t hem, t hen give t hem t heir dowery. That is, marry t hem under t he condit ion t hat t heir ` Iddah (wait ing period) is finished and t hey have a legal guardian for t heir marriage et c. Allah said,
び⌒ゲ⌒プや∠ヲ∠ム∇ャや ⌒ユ∠ダ⌒バ⌒よ ∇やヲ⊥ム⌒ジ∇ヨ⊥ゎ ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(Likewise do not keep disbelieving women,) t hus forbidding His fait hful servant s from marrying idolat or women or remaining married t o t hem. In t he Sahih, it is recorded t hat Al-Miswar and Marwan bin Al-Hakam said t hat aft er t he Messenger of Allah conduct ed t he t reat y wit h t he Quraysh idolat ors at Al-Hudaybiyyah, some Muslim women emigrat ed t o him and Allah t he Exalt ed sent down t his Ayah about t hem,
⊥ろ⇒∠レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ⊥ユ⊥ミ∠￢べ∠ィ や∠ク⌒ま ∇やヲ⊥レ∠ョや∠￢ ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑぴ び∃れ∠ゲ⌒イ⇒∠ヰ⊥ョ
(O you who believe! When believing women come t o you as emigrant s) unt il,
び⌒ゲ⌒プや∠ヲ∠ム∇ャや ⌒ユ∠ダ⌒バ⌒よ ∇やヲ⊥ム⌒ジ∇ヨ⊥ゎ ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(Likewise do not keep disbelieving women,) Then ` Umar bin Al-Khat t ab divorced t wo of his wives, who were idolat resses, and one of t hem got married t o Mu` awiyah bin Abi Sufyan, while t he ot her got married t o Safwan bin Umayyah. Ibn Thawr narrat ed t hat Ma` mar said t hat Az-Zuhri said, "This Ayah was revealed t o Allah's Messenger while he was in t he area of Al-Hudaybiyyah, aft er making peace. He agreed t hat whoever comes from t he Quraysh t o his side, will be ret urned t o Makkah. When some women came, t his Ayah was revealed. Allah commanded t hat t he dowery t hat was paid t o t hese women be ret urned t o t heir husbands.
Allah also ordered t hat if some Muslim women revert t o t he side of t he idolat ors, t he idolat ors should ret urn t heir dowery t o t heir Muslim husbands. Allah said,
び⌒ゲ⌒プや∠ヲ∠ム∇ャや ⌒ユ∠ダ⌒バ⌒よ ∇やヲ⊥ム⌒ジ∇ヨ⊥ゎ ∠Ι∠ヱぴ
(Likewise do not keep disbelieving women).'' Allah's st at ement ,
び∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇ジ∠Β∇ャ∠ヱ ∇ユ⊥わ∇ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∇やヲ⊥ヤ∠⇒∇シや∠ヱぴ
(and ask for t hat which you have spent and let t hem ask for t hat which t hey have spent .) means, ask t hem for what you have paid t o your wives who revert ed t o t he side of t he idolat ors, and t hey are ent it led t o get back t he dowery t hat t hey gave t heir wives who emigrat ed t o t he Muslims. Allah's st at ement ,
⊥ユ⊥ム∇エ∠Α ⌒ヮｚヤャや ⊥ユ∇ム⊥ェ ∇ユ⊥ム⌒ャ∠クぴ び∇ユ⊥ム∠レ∇Β∠よ
(That is t he j udgement of Allah, He j udges bet ween you.) means, t his j udgement about t he t reat y and excluding women from it s clauses, is a decision t hat Allah made for His creat ures,
び∀ユΒ⌒ム∠ェ ∀ユΒ⌒ヤ∠ハ ⊥ヮｚヤャや∠ヱぴ
(And Allah is All-Knowing, All-Wise.) meaning, He knows what benefit s His servant s and is t he Most Wise about t hat . Allah t he Exalt ed said,
∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ボ⇒∠バ∠プ ⌒ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ヴ∠ャ⌒ま ∇ユ⊥ム⌒ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇リあョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ゎゅ∠プ ラ⌒ま∠ヱぴ び∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠モ∇んあョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇ろ∠ら∠ワ∠ク ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ
(And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent .) Muj ahid and Qat adah explained t his Ayah, by saying, "This is about t he disbelievers who did not have a t reat y of peace. If a woman flees t o t he disbelievers and t hey do not give back what t hat her husband spent on her, t hen if a women comes t o t hem (t he Muslims) t hey are not t o ret urn t o her husband anyt hing unt il t hey pay t he Muslim whose wife went t o t hem t he equivalent of what he spent . '' Ibn Jarir recorded t hat Az-Zuhri said, "The believers abided by Allah's decree and paid what t hey owed t he idolat ors t o compensat e for t he dowery t he idolat ors gave t o t he women (who emigrat ed). However, t he idolat ors refused t o accept Allah's j udgement for what t hey owed t he Muslims. Allah said t o t he fait hful believers,
∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ボ⇒∠バ∠プ ⌒ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ヴ∠ャ⌒ま ∇ユ⊥ム⌒ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇リあョ ∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ゎゅ∠プ ラ⌒ま∠ヱぴ
⊥ヰ⊥ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇ろ∠ら∠ワ∠ク ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠モ∇んあョ ∇ユ
び ∠ラヲ⊥レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ョ ⌒ヮ⌒よ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ン⌒グｚャや ∠ヮｚヤャや
(And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent . And have Taqwa of Allah, t he One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman revert s t o t he idolat ors, t he believers should give back t he dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from what ever money is left wit h t hem from t he dowery of women who migrat ed t o t he Muslims. They were supposed t o ret urn t his wealt h t o t he idolat or husbands of t hese emigrant women. If t hey st ill have anyt hing t hey owed t he idolat ors, t hen t hey should ret urn it t o t hem.''
∠ィ や∠ク⌒ま ぁヴ⌒らｚレャや ゅ∠ヰぁΑ∠ほΑぴ ヴ∠ヤ∠ハ ∠マ∠レ∇バ⌒Αゅ∠ら⊥Α ⊥ろ⇒∠レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ヨ∇ャや ∠ポ∠￢べ
∠リΒ⌒ル∇ゴ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ∠リ∇ホ⌒ゲ∇ジ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ⇔ゅゃ∇Β∠セ ⌒ヮｚヤャゅ⌒よ ∠リ∇ミ⌒ゲ∇ゼ⊥Α ｚΙ ラ∠ぺ
∠リ∇Β∠よ ⊥ヮ∠レΑ⌒ゲ∠わ∇ヘ∠Α ∃リ⇒∠わ⊥ヰ⊥ら⌒よ ∠リΒ⌒ゎ∇ほ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ｚリ⊥ワ∠ギ⇒∇ャ∇ヱ∠ぺ ∠リ∇ヤ⊥わ∇ボ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ
∃フヱ⊥ゲ∇バ∠ョ ヴ⌒プ ∠マ∠レΒ⌒ダ∇バ∠Α ∠Ι∠ヱ ｚリ⌒ヰ⌒ヤ⊥ィ∇ケ∠ぺ∠ヱ ｚリ⌒ヰΑ⌒ギ∇Α∠ぺ
∠プ び ∀ユΒ⌒ェｚケ ∀ケヲ⊥ヘ∠ビ ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚラ⌒ま ∠ヮｚヤャや ｚリ⊥ヰ∠ャ ∇ゲ⌒ヘ∇ピ∠わ∇シや∠ヱ ｚリ⊥ヰ∇バ⌒Αゅ∠ら
(12. O Prophet ! When t he believing women come t o you pledging t o you t hat t hey will not associat e anyt hing wit h Allah, and t hat t hey will not st eal, and t hat t hey will not commit Zina, and t hat t hey will not kill t heir children, and t hat t hey will not ut t er slander, fabricat ing from bet ween t heir hands and t heir feet , and t hat t hey will not disobey you in Ma` ruf (good), Allah said t o t he fait hful believers,
∀￢∇ヴ∠セ ∇ユ⊥ム∠ゎゅ∠プ ラ⌒ま∠ヱぴ
∇ユ⊥わ∇ら∠ボ⇒∠バ∠プ ⌒ゲ⇒ｚヘ⊥ム∇ャや ヴ∠ャ⌒ま ∇ユ⊥ム⌒ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇リあョ
∇やヲ⊥ボｚゎや∠ヱ ∇やヲ⊥ボ∠ヘル∠ぺ べ∠ョ ∠モ∇んあョ ∇ユ⊥ヰ⊥ィ∠ヱ∇コ∠ぺ ∇ろ∠ら∠ワ∠ク ∠リΑ⌒グｚャや ∇やヲ⊥ゎべ∠プ び ∠ラヲ⊥レ⌒ョ∇ぽ⊥ョ ⌒ヮ⌒よ ∇ユ⊥わル∠ぺ ン⌒グｚャや ∠ヮｚヤャや
(And if any of your wives have gone from you t o t he disbelievers -- t hen you succeeded (gained vict ory) over t hem; t hen pay t hose whose wives have gone, t he equivalent of what t hey had spent . And have Taqwa of Allah, t he One in Whom your are believers.) Therefore, if a Muslim woman revert s t o t he idolat ors, t he believers should give back t he dowery her Muslim husband paid her, from what ever money is left wit h t hem from t he dowery of women who migrat ed t o t he Muslims. They were supposed t o ret urn t his wealt h t o t he idolat or husbands of t hese emigrant women. If t hey st ill have anyt hing t hey owed t he idolat ors, t hen t hey should ret urn it t o t hem.''