第 6 章 COE プログラムの課題
6.3 JICA プロジェクトに係る人間居住総局の要請
6.3.3 PBC とパイロット事業
民間資金活用のためにB to B制度に基づいたPBCを推進したい。NRW・エネルギー効率化に ついて、PBCのパイロット事業を実施したい。PBC導入について有力PDAMの関心は高いが、ボ トルネックとなっているのは、公共事業省令によるB to B規則はあるものの、民間事業者の具体 的な選定基準や手続きがまだ確立されていないため、監査当局による問題指摘を恐れて実施に踏 み切れないことにある。人間居住総局としてパイロットPDAMを募り、PBC事業の形成過程をす べてこれら監査機関（BPKP等）に開示し、問題のないモデル事業を実施した上でマニュアル・
モデル契約書に反映し、普及させたい。
6.3.4
将来の 将来の 将来の 将来の
COEプログラム運営体制 プログラム運営体制 プログラム運営体制 プログラム運営体制
COEプログラムの将来の運営体制について、JICAプロジェクトで検討し提言して欲しい。COE プログラムの将来像としては、DPD PERPAMSI（PERPAMSIの地方組織、有力PDAMが代表）の 調整のもと、各州のPIP2Bが研修の運営を担当する体制を考えており、人間居住総局（総局長官 房・上水道開発局）とPERPAMSIがMOUを結び実施したい。現在COEのプログラムはすべて 中央が計画・運営しているが、多様な文化・言語環境の元では、将来はCOEプログラムが各州で 推進され、中央は資金支援や管理の役割を果たすのが望ましく、できれば3年後位で引き継ぎた
い。各州PIP2Bの組織体制が整備されていない現状は承知しており、具体案はまだ無い。JICAと
の協力事業において将来のCOE運営体制について検討したい。
添付資料 添付資料
添付資料 添付資料 １： １： １： １： 面談記録 面談記録 面談記録 面談記録
Detailed Planning Survey for PDAM Asset Management Project (Cipta Karya: Kickoff Meeting)
Date and Time: Tuesday, 1 April 2014;
09.30 – 12.00
Place: IPA Kedasih Meeting Room Directorate General Cipta Karya Ministry of Public Works
Attendees: (attached)
Subject: Kickoff Meeting 1. Opening
(1) Opening by Deputy Director of Institutional and Regulatory Framework (Ir. Hilwan, M.Sc)
- JICA Study Team will conduct the Detailed Planning Survey for a technical assistance project to support Center of Excellence (COE). Within the study, the team willing to visit some locations, i.e. Palembang, Bali, Surabaya, Makassar, to observe the current condition and activities of the COE as well as how to manage the COE.
- Since 2 years ago, COE has been conducted in 3 locations which are Palembang, Bali, and Surabaya. In this year, COE will be conducted in all provinces in Indonesia.
(2) Introduction from JICA Representative (Juni Melani)
2. Inception Report Presentation by JICA Study Team (Yusaku Makita)
3. Discussion session:
(1) Support for JICA Study Team
Site visit arrangements for the JICA Study Team will be supported by Cipta Karya as well as Satker in the subject provinces.
(2) Purpose of COE Program
COE is not related directly to “healthy” or “unhealthy” status of PDAM. COE is established because there are a lot of unskilled staffs in PDAM. While the facilities are upgraded, the skills of staff are not sufficient enough. Central Government only has 2 locations for training center (BTAMS), i.e. Bekasi and Wiyung-Surabaya. With those conditions, it will take long time to train all PDAM staff nationwide (estimated at 10 years). Therefore, Central Government has planned to utilize PIP2B facilities, which already exist in almost all provinces in Indonesia, to be used for training. Currently, PIP2B is only a building without officers or institutional organization, under the provincial working unit (Satker).
(3) General process of Provincial TOT and Bintek (Trainer’s training for other PDAMs) Project officers of Satker send invitation letter to PDAMs PDAMs submit their interest and dispatch candidates Candidates are trained to be Provincial Trainers Provincial Trainers
come back to their PDAM to improve their PDAM performances (Bimbingan Teknis: Technical Assistance) in PIP2B
conduct monitoring.
This year, number of candidate
candidates will be trained in Bekasi and Surabaya. After the training, they will be distributed to 31 PIP2B to teach staff of other PDAMs
(4) COE Training Subjects COE consists of 3 major
(EE); and (iii) Financial Accounting System (SAK ETAP). NRW and EE are two major problems in all PDAM
knowledge and budget to improve the conditions.
In some PDAMs, electricity cost (5) Structure of COE Trainings
(6) TOT trainings scheduled in April There will be a few TOT trainings
National TOT = Bandung, 5 Provincial TOT = Bekasi, 19 Provincial TOT = Surabaya, 2 (7) Training Modules in National TOT
Subjects for National TOT are (i) NRW; (ii) EE; (iii) SAK ETAP; and (iv) about teaching methodology, how to become a good trainers, etc.).
(8) Instructors
Trainers for National and Provincial
and EE) and a practitioner/consultant (for SAK ETAP).
focused on water supply.
(9) Training Method and Practical Training
COE training includes theory and practice. Practice will be conducted in closest PDAM which already has the similar
tools and equipment for COE (10) Training Module Materials
Module materials used in
2014 are currently under final drafting process. Trainer who teaches upgrade the module from their TOT training but the basic module Provincial TOT are followed
Project to improve the module.
back to their PDAM to improve their PDAM performances and teach in Bintek : Technical Assistance) in PIP2B for other PDAM staff
This year, number of candidates for Provincial TOT is about 40 people. These trainer s will be trained in Bekasi and Surabaya. After the training, they will be distributed
staff of other PDAMs.
COE Training Subjects
major subjects, i.e. (i) Non Revenue Water (NRW); (ii) Energy Efficiency (EE); and (iii) Financial Accounting System (SAK ETAP). NRW and EE are two major
in all PDAMs. Actually, they know their problems but they don’t have budget to improve the conditions.
, electricity cost is very heavy compared to other countries Trainings
TOT trainings scheduled in April – June 2014
a few TOT trainings within these months to come:
National TOT = Bandung, 5-10 May 2014;
Provincial TOT = Bekasi, 19-23 May 2014;
Provincial TOT = Surabaya, 2 – 7 June 2014.
in National TOT
for National TOT are (i) NRW; (ii) EE; (iii) SAK ETAP; and (iv) about teaching methodology, how to become a good trainers, etc.).
and Provincial TOT (instructors) are lecturers from Akatirta (for NRW practitioner/consultant (for SAK ETAP). Akatirta is an academ
focused on water supply. There will be around 30 participants for National TOT.
Training Method and Practical Training
theory and practice. Practice will be conducted in closest PDAM has the similar program such as YTPD trainings. It is caused by limitation of
COE especially in BTAMS (Training Centers).
Training Module Materials
in TOT training 2012 and 2013 are the same. The
currently under final drafting process. Trainer who teaches in Bintek is allowed to from their TOT training but the basic module contents
Provincial TOT are followed for Bintek also. Cipta Karya expects the forthcomin to improve the module.
and teach in Bintek for other PDAM staff Instructors will
40 people. These trainer s will be trained in Bekasi and Surabaya. After the training, they will be distributed
Water (NRW); (ii) Energy Efficiency (EE); and (iii) Financial Accounting System (SAK ETAP). NRW and EE are two major Actually, they know their problems but they don’t have skills,
countries such as Japan.
for National TOT are (i) NRW; (ii) EE; (iii) SAK ETAP; and (iv) “TOT” (subject
TOT (instructors) are lecturers from Akatirta (for NRW Akatirta is an academy in Magelang 30 participants for National TOT.
theory and practice. Practice will be conducted in closest PDAMs . It is caused by limitation of
The materials for COE in in Bintek is allowed to contents originally used in Cipta Karya expects the forthcoming JICA
(11) Customer Management
Cipta Karya has requested JICA to add new module on COE, i.e. customer management. JICA Study Team asked Cipta Karya to propose what kind of subtopic should be included in this module. Expected subtopics in the customer management include marketing, customer relation, customer database, billing collection.
(12) PBC
Cipta Karya also expects JICA Study Team to analyze about Performance Based Contract (PBC). PBC has been applied in some countries in Latin America, Europe, etc. Currently, Cipta Karya has the ministerial regulation on B-to-B contracts which PDAMs can apply for private investment projects but there is not a specific model contract or regulations to follow for PBC. However, according to Mr. Hilwan’s knowledge there is no actual PBC experience among PDAMs throughout the country. PDAMs are allowed to conduct B-to-B contracts directly with private investors through beauty contest selection.
(13) Cipta Karya’s Request to Proposed JICA Project
To sum up, Cipta Karya’s request to JICA on the proposed technical cooperation is as follows:
- Enhance provincial level organization (PIP2B of Cipta Karya) and its capacity to ensure effective planning, operation and monitoring of COE
- Improvement of training contents (existing modules and introduction of new modules) - Introduction of PBC for NRW reduction and energy efficiency among PDAMs
- External trainings in Japan as one of the incentives for National COE Trainers
Received Documents:
- 2012 and 2013 COE Program Participant List (Provincial TOT and Bintek)
1
Detailed Planning Survey for PDAM Asset Management Project (Cipta Karya)
Date and Time: Wednesday, 2 April 2014;
10.00 – 13.00
Place: Sub Directorate of Institutional and Regulatory Framework
Directorate of Water Supply Development
Directorate General Cipta Karya Ministry of Public Works Attendees: Cipta Karya :
Ms. Luky Retno Andayani, Head, Sub Division of Institutional Development Ms. Zikra, Sub Division of Institutional Development
Ir. Raminatha Puizi Uno , Multi Karadiguna Jasa, PT. (MKJ, Consulting firm for COE Program):
JICA Study Team : Yusaku Makita, Yoshiaki Yokota, Taufik Arrasyid, Noviana
Subject: Meeting with Cipta Karya
Cipta Karya and MKJ explained the COE based on the PPT presentation.
1. COE’s positioning in Ministry’s policy/ strategy
- For 2012 and 2013 operation, COE Program did not have specific regulatory/ strategic basis of PU.
- Only government policy/ strategy mentioning COE Program from 2014 is “National Policy and Strategy on Water Supply Development” (No.13/PRT/M/2013) of PU.
- COE’s positioning in the mid-term plan will be determined by the next administration starting this year.
- There is no documentation on the plan for COE Program in 2014 other than the annual training schedule. There is no multi-year Master Plan for COE Program documented so far.
2. Budgeting
- The 2012 and 2013 budget: Around Rp.2 billion was allocated for COE Program in each year.
The 2013 budget includes one socialization event, TOT in Bekasi and Surabaya, and Bintek (Trainer’s trainings for PDAM staff) in three provinces.
- The 2014 budget: Around Rp.21 billion is allocated consisting of 12 packages, i.e. 1 package for COE management and 11 packages for COE in 31 provinces (2-3 provinces per package).
- Role of COE management are manage and organize whole COE activities, including prepare the module, schedule, etc. while other consultant packages are responsible on conducting the training
2 (similar like event organizer).
3. COE Program activities (1) Training
Bintek = training/capacity building for any PDAM staffs within a province where the Bintek is held. Participants of Bintek are trained by Provincial Trainers;
Provincial TOT = training to be Provincial Trainer. The participants are PDAM staffs (Division Head or Section Head level)1. For the last 2 years, participants of Provincial TOT were trained by Instructors because there are no National Trainers. But, after National TOT is conducted, Provincial TOT is expected will be trained by National Trainers;
National TOT = training to be National Trainer. Participants are Provincial Trainers and will be trained by Instructors.
(2) Monitoring
After graduated from Provincial TOT, there is monitoring for Provincial Trainers by the Instructors to observe whether the Provincial Trainer implement their training knowledge in their PDAM or not. Provincial Trainers are asked to prepare proposal of plan/strategy to improve the NRW or EE within their PDAMs. The proposal consists of implementation plan, required equipment, budget, etc. During the process of proposal preparation, Provincial Trainers are assisted by the Instructors. Besides proposals, Trainers also prepare training module materials to be used for their teaching activities in Bintek.
When the Instructors come to their PDAM, they are asked to do presentation about their proposal and teach in their PDAM with observation from the Instructors.
There is no report that must be prepared by Provincial Trainers after they teach in Bintek.
Until now, there is no implementation of proposal prepared by Provincial Trainers due to several factors, such as lack of budget, permission/approval of director of PDAMs, or human resources.
(3) Incentive and Financial Assistance for Trainers Payment for Trainers who teach in Bintek/ToT:
Teaching (Rp1.5 million for 4 days (1 day = 8 hours)) + Daily Allowance = Rp3 million in total.
Travel cost (ticket, transportation, accommodation and meals)
Certificates are not provided to Trainers so far and certification system is still under development;
Opportunity to teach in other provinces;
If certain assistance is obtained from a donor, as suggested by Mr. Hilwan in the kickoff meeting, National Trainers will be provided with opportunity to take trainings in other countries.
1 PDAM pensioners, staff from relevant Setker (Working Unit), BTAMS or PU may be Trainer Candidates.
3
(4) Incentive and Financial Assistance for Bintek/TOT Participants
Participants of Bintek/TOT receive daily allowance Rp350 thousand per day. Transportation cost for participant of Bintek and Provincial TOT is covered by participant’s PDAM; whereas transportation cost for participant of National TOT is covered by Cipta Karya.
If training is held in PIP2B then all accommodation is covered by Cipta Karya. If training is held in BTAMS then all accommodation is covered by BTAMS.
(5) Incentives for PDAM
Currently, there is no incentive for PDAM which send their staff to the training. Cipta Karya has been thinking about that. However, Cipta Karya hasn’t found the right formula for the incentive yet, including formula to calculate the amount and the right budgeting/allocation process for that.
Besides the formula, new basic policy from Head of Cipta Karya is required.
(6) Prerequisite for TOT Participants
Generally, the hierarchy of PDAM staff is as follows:
PDAM Director Head of Division Head of Section Staff Requirements for PDAM staff to join Provincial TOT are:
(i) Their position must be the Head of Section at minimum;
(ii) At least two years of experience in the area related to the training module; and (iii) Relevant education background is preferred but less prioritized.
For TOT participants from other institutions such as BTAMS and Satker, the requirements are more flexible.
Bintek is open to any level of PDAM employees, including staff/operator level, who work in the area related to the training topic.
TOT Training in BTAMS is open to participant from any provinces in Indonesia. However, training in PIP2B is specialized for participant from the same province where the PIP2B is located.
In Provincial TOT, there is psychology test to see whether the participant is suitable to be the trainer/teacher or not.
(7) Instructors
Training modules are prepared by Instructors. There are 8 Instructors in total for COE Program.
3 instructors (2 environmental engineers and 1 mechanical engineers) are responsible for NRW and EE;
1 instructor (a finance practitioner) is responsible for SAK ETAP;
4 instructors (with social science background) are responsible for the TOT module (the module for training capability development: how to be a good trainer, public-speaking, psychology test, etc.)
The Instructors for NRW and EE are academician (lecturers of Akatirta) who also works as consultants. The Instructor for SAK ETAP is from financial consulting company. Instructors for TOT are academician, consultant, etc.
4
The instructors are not permanent employees in COE, they are hired through a project-based annual sub-contract under the management contract of the consulting firm. The contract period is 7 months.
(8) Planning for COE
Cipta Karya does not have the master plan of COE Program. Only available document for future plan is the COE Program schedule for 2014.
(9) Socialization of COE
Before COE, socialization about COE program to PDAMs is conducted in each province. Last year (2013) it was held only in Bali, South Sumatera and South Sulawesi. This year (2014) in other 28 provinces the socialization event will take place under the contracts with consulting firms.
One remaining provinces, which is North Sumatera, will not have the socialization event because their PIP2B building cannot be used due to some physical damage.
Socialization activities include:
Invitation for all PDAMs in the province;
Explanation about COE;
Explanation about TOT activities in BTAMS;
Explanation about TOT activities in PIP2B;
Hearing of PDAM needs and interests
Socialization is conducted as one-way presentation; there is no gathering input/opinions from PDAMs. So far, majority of PDAMs are interested joining in the COE program.
In April 2014, during the JICA Study Team’s stay in Indonesia, the socialization will be conducted in East Java (April 28) and in South Kalimantan (April 30).
(10) PIP2B
Actually, PIP2B is not only a building but also an institution. Ideally, PIP2B consists of 3 aspects, i.e. (i) building; (ii) supporting tools/equipment; and (iii) institution that comprises of staff and management. The Government has established 32 PIP2Bs located in 32 provinces but only 3 of them already have completed these three aspects.
On current conditions, PIP2B facility is utilized for exhibition, meeting or office use. But in the future, PIP2B shall be the technical information center of Cipta Karya and not only for water supply sector. PIP2B is also open for public. Anybody from the community may use the PIP2B library or participate in seminars held in PIP2B.
COE is not the only activity in PIP2B. COE is expected to be a stimulant for PIP2B to become more independent in the future. So far, the role of PIP2B in COE Program is only opening and closing remarks in each training. However, in the future, PIP2B is expected to conduct trainings using their own budget from the provincial government.
After the institutional is set up, PIP2B is expected to have budget, not only for O&M but also for activities under DINAS PU. Currently, even though some PIP2B already have organization, they still depend on the Cipta Karya budget. For example, PIP2B in South Sulawesi already has
5
organization of about 20 employees, but they still receive Rp200 million per year for their O&M (building O&M, electricity, water, etc.). Salary of employees is covered by APBD but they have not received any budget from Provincial Government for their activity program.
PIP2B is allowed to receive revenue from outside sources, for instance from the room rent for events.
It could be said that the whole PIP2B system consists of:
PIP2B in central level which is managed by specialized staff of Secretary of Directorate General (cp. Ms. Silvita/Mr. Teddy; located on the third floor of Cipta Karya office building);
PIP2B in each province which is currently managed by the central level but it is expected to be managed by each provincial government in the future.
(11) Reporting to Cipta Karya
All the documentation related to COE Program is reported to Cipta Karya, including proposal prepared by Provincial Trainers, module materials, photo/video documentation, etc. Final reports of 2012 and 2013 COE Program are the compilation of these documents and prepared by the management consultant and was submitted to Cipta Karya.
Received Documents:
(1) Presentation on COE Program (Indonesian)
(2) “National Policy and Strategy on Water Supply Development” (No.13/PRT/M/2013), PU (Indonesian)
(3) 2013 COE Final Reports (including 2013 training materials) (Indonesian)
(4) 2014 COE Draft Training Materials (NRW, Energy Efficiency, Financial Accounting System and TOT) (Indonesian)
(5) 2014 COE Training Schedule (Indonesian)