umigaura
ig 5.3 Effe
Membrane fi
ect of coag
filtration com
gulant dos
mbined with
age on pH
th pre-chlori
H and UV26
ination and
60-based o
d pre-coagul
organic ma lation
atter
≀ Ὑ ί ᚋ Ỉ ⿵ ⭷ ᕪ
Chap
Fi
ᐇ ὀ ධ Ὑ ί⭷ ࢁ
2 mg mg/L
ᕪ ᅽ࡛ ࡣ
ࡼ ࠺
࡚ ኚ ᥇ ྲྀ
⋡ ࡀ
㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㻣㻜 㻤㻜 㻥㻜 㻝㻜㻜
≀ ⌮ Ὑ ί ᚋ 䛾 Ỉ ⿵ ṇ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ 㼇䡇 Pa a t 25 䉝 㼉 TMP [k Pa at 25 Υ ]
pter 5 M
๓ሷ
ig. 5.4
ᐇ 㦂 ࡣFig
ධ ⋡ ࡣ60 m
ί 㛫 㝸120
ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ୰ ࡢ
g/L
ᑐ ࡋL
ᑐ ࡋ ࡚ ᅽ ࡣ ࠊ๓ ሷ ࡣ50 kPa
ࠊ࠺ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ኚ ࢆ ⏕ ࡌ
ྲྀ ࡋ ࡓ ཎ Ỉ ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡚
㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜
㻣 㻛 㻞 㻣 㻛 㻟
䕻A 䕧B 䖃C
Fig. 5.
ۍSy ڹSy ەSy
Membrane fi
ሷ⣲ฎ⌮
๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ
. 5.2
♧mg/L as PA 0 min
࡛ ᐇ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡋ ࡚0.02-࡚
0.3-0.7
⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡
C
⣔ ิ ࡢ ᅽ ࡣ ࠊ ๓ ሷ ࡌ ࡓ ࠋTab
Ỉ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣࡚ ࡶ
DOC
㻟 㻣 㻛 㻠 㻣 㻛
⣔ิ䠄๓ሷ⣲
⣔ิ䠄๓ሷ⣲
⣔ิ䠄๓ሷ⣲
.4
Effect o (coa ystem A C12 ystem B C12 ystem C C12filtration com
⌮ࡀ⭷ᕪᅽ ὀ ධ ⋡ ⭷
♧ ࡍ ᐇ 㦂
ACl
ࡢ ୍ ᐃ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ⣲ ⃰ ᗘ ࡣ
0.2 mg/L
ࠊmg/L
࡛ ࠶0 mg/L
࡛ ࡢ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡le 5.4
ᐇ 㐣 Ỉ ࡢDO
ࡣ ኚ ࢃ ࡽ
㻛 㻡 㻣 㻛㻢
⣲ 0mg/L䠅
⣲ 2mg/L䠅
⣲ 4mg/L䠅
f chlorine gulant dos
2 0 mg/L
2 2 mg/L
2 4 mg/L
mbined with
ᅽ࠼
⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡢ ᣲ
⨨ ࢆ
3
⣔ ᐃ ࡋ ࠊ ⭷ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢࠊ
B
⣔ ิ ࠊC
⣔ ิ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋᐇ
࡛
90 kPa
ࠊ ὀ ධ ⋡4
⋡ ࡸ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ᐇ 㦂 㛤 ጞ
OC
ࠊUV26
࡞ ࠸ ࡀ ࠊ
㻣 㻛 㻣 㻣 㻛 㻤
dosage on sage was f
Raw wa DOC UV260 Total al Chlorin
th pre-chlori
࠼ࡿᙳ㡪 ᣲ ື ࡘ ࠸
⣔ ิ ⏝ ࡋ
⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ὶ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ᮇ 㛫
ิ 㸦
System
㸦System
ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ 㛤 ጞࠊ
B
⣔ ิ ࡢmg/L
࡛2
㐣 Ỉ ୰ ࡢ ṧ ࠊ୰ 㛫
60
ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ್UV260
ࡣ㻣 㻛㻥 㻣 㻛㻝 㻜
transmem fixed at 60
ater qualit
lgae count ne demand
ination and
࠸ ࡚ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ จ 㞟
᮰ ࡣ
2 m
3 㛫 ୰ ࠾ ࡅm B
㸧 ࡣ ๓C
㸧 ࡣ ๓ ሷ ጞ ࡋ ࡚ ⣙ ࡢ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ28 kPa
࡞ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡢ ࠊᐇ 㦂 ⤊ ್ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࡣ ప ୗ ࡋ ࡚
㻣 㻛㻝 㻝 㻣 㻛㻝
brane pres mg/L as P y
3.2 mg/L 0.082 cm -27,000 ce 3.8 mg/L
d pre-coagul
㞟 㸦
PA
3
/m
2/d
ࠊ ≀ࡅ ࡿ ᖹ ᆒ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ
ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ
2
㐌 㛫 ᚋ ὀ ධ ⋡2 m
࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡢ ቑ ຍ
┤ ๓ ࡢ ࠋ ๓ ሷ ⣲
࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ
㻞 㻣 㻛㻝 㻟 㻣㻛
ssure devel PACl)
- 1
ell/mL
lation
Cl
㸧≀ ⌮
ⓗ ࡞ ධ ⋡
⋡
4
ࡢ ⭷mg/L
ࡇ ࡢࡼ ࡗ
3
ᅇ ὀ ධ㻛 㻝 㻠 㻣 㻛㻝 㻡
lopment
㻣 㻛㻝 㻢
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation
Table 5.4 Concentration changes of organic matter before and after membrane filtration
DOC [mg/L] UV260 [cm- 1] Ave Standard
deviation Ave Standard deviation Raw water 3.2 0.16 0.082 0.002 System A filtrate
(Pre-Cl2 0mg/L) 2.3 0.08 0.052 0.001 System B filtrate
(Pre-Cl2 2mg/L) 2.4 0.05 0.046 0.001 System C filtrate
(Pre-Cl2 4mg/L) 2.3 0.08 0.042 0.001
ࡇ ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡣ ࠊ ࣇ ࣑ ࣥ ㉁ ᵝ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᵓ 㐀 ኚ ࡀ ㉳ ࡇ ࡾ ࠊ ࡑ ࡢ ኚ ᚋ ࡢ ≀
㉁ ࡣ ࠊ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡋ ࡃ ࠸ ≀ ㉁ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࠊ
⭷ Ꮝ ᚄ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ࡁ ࡞ ᚤ ⢏ Ꮚ ࡣ ⭷ 㠃 ୖ ሁ ✚ ࡍ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ≀ ⌮ Ὑ ί ࡞ ࡛ 㝖 ࡋ ࡸ ࡍ ࡃ ྍ ㏫ ⓗ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋ ୍ ᪉ ࠊ ⭷ Ꮝ ᚄ ࡼ ࡾ ࡶ ᑠ ࡉ ࡞
⢏ Ꮚ ࡣ ⭷ Ꮝ ᚄ ࡢ ዟ ධ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ྍ ㏫ ⓗ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ㉳ ࡇ ࡍ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᢚ ไ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ᪤ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮
ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ୰ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡢ ☜ ಖ ࡼ ࡾ ࠊ ሷ ⣲ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ Ὑ ί
ຠ ᯝ ࡀ Ⓨ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ຠ ᯝ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ሗ ࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 1 2 , 1 9 )ࠋᮏ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡀ ᖖ
0.02-0.7 mg/L
ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ ࠶ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࠊṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡼ ࡿ Ὑ ίຠ ᯝ ࡀ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ ୍ ᅉ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ᮏ ᐇ 㦂
࡛ ࡣ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ๓ ẁ ࡢ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡀ ୍ ᐃ 㸦
60 mg/L as PACl
㸧 ࡛ ࡢ จ 㞟 ࢆ⾜ ࡗ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊจ 㞟 ࡼ ࡿ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᤕ ᤊ ࡀ ୍ ᐃ ⪃ ࠼ ࡿ ࠊ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࣇ ࣑ ࣥ ㉁ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ぶ Ỉ ᛶ ࡸ Ỉ ᛶ
➼ ࡽ ぢ ࡓ ᛶ ≧ ኚ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࠊ ࡑ ࢀ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⭷ ࡢ ╔ ࡢ ᐜ ᫆ ࡉ ࡸ
╔ ࡢ 㔞 ࡀ ኚ ࢃ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡶ ᐤ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡢ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation
จ㞟ฎ⌮ࡀ⭷ᕪᅽ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪
➹ ⪅ ࡽ ࡣ ࠊ Ἑ ᕝ ⾲ ὶ Ỉ ࢆ ᑐ ㇟ ࡋ ࡓ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡ ୍ ᐃ ࡢ ᮲ ௳ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ᢚ ไ ᭱ 㐺 ࡞ จ 㞟 ᨩ ᢾ ᮲ ௳ ࡀ Ꮡ ᅾ 1 9 )ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ሗ
࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ࠊ ᨩ ᢾ 㞟 ᮲ ௳ ࡀ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࠼ ࡿ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ▱ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ
Fig. 5.2
♧ ࡍ ᐇ 㦂 ⨨ ࢆ3
⣔ ิ ⏝ ࡋ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ὶ ᮰2 m
3/m
2/d
ࠊ ≀ ⌮ Ὑ ί 㛫 㝸120 min
ࠊ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡60 mg/L as PACl
ࡢ୍ ᐃ ࡛ 㛤 ጞ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡣ ࠊ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ⃰ ᗘ ࡀ
0.5 mg/L
㏆ ⥔ ᣢ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ὀ ධ ⋡
4 mg/L
㏆ ࡛ ᚤ ㄪ ᩚ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋFig.
5.5
จ 㞟 ᮲ ௳ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡢ ኚ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ ΰ 㛫t
ࢆ ୍ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ᐇ 㦂 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊ ᨩ ᢾG
್ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࠺ ࡀ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡣ ప ࡃ ࡞ ࡿ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋTable 5.5
จ 㞟G
್ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ࡢDOC, UV260
ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ᮏ ⤖ ᯝ ࡣ ࠊ ᐇ 㦂 㛤 ጞ ࠊ ୰ 㛫 ࠊ ᐇ 㦂 ⤊ ┤ ๓ ࡢ3
ᅇ ᥇ ྲྀ ࡋ ࠊ ศ ᯒ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ⤖ ᯝ ࡢ ᖹ ᆒ ್ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ⾲ ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ ᨩ ᢾG
್ ࡼ ࡿ Ỉ ㉁ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡣ ㄆ ࡵ ࡽࢀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ༑ ศ ࡞ จ 㞟 ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ᭱ 㐺 จ 㞟 ᮲ ௳ ୗ ࡛ ࡢ ඹ Ꮡ
⣧ ≀ ࡶ ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ࢆ ᙧ ᡂ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࣇ ࣑ ࣥ ㉁ ᕧ ศ Ꮚ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᚤ ᑠ ᠱ ⃮ ⢏ Ꮚ ࡞ ࠊ ྍ ㏫ ⓗ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ཎ ᅉ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᤕ 㞟 ࡀ 㞴 ࡋ ࠸ ࡇ ㉳ ᅉ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ
G
್ ࡢ จ 㞟 ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ᛶ ≧ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᙳ 㡪 ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࠊLi
2 1 )ࡽ ࡣ ࠊPACl
࡛ จ 㞟 ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ Ἶ Ⅳ ᆅ Ỉ ୰ ࡢ ኳ ↛ ᭷ ᶵ ≀㸦NOM
㸧ࡢ ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ࡢ ᛶ ≧ ࢆ ᭷ ᶵ ≀ ࡢ ศ Ꮚ 㔞 ศ ᕸ ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ࡢ ᤕ ᤊ ⋡ ᇶ ࡙ ࠸ ࡚ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࠊG
್ ࢆ660 s
- 1ࡲ ࡛ ቑ ຍ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࠊ0.1-5 μm
ࡢ ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ࡢ ศ ᕸ ࡣ30
⛊ ࡢ ᛴ ㏿ ᨩ ᢾ ࡛ ᐃ ᖖ ≧ ែ 㐩 ࡋ ࠊ ᨩ ᢾ 㛫 ࢆ300 sec
ࡲ ࡛ ቑ ࡸ ࡍ ࡁ ࡞ ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ㸦5 μm
௨ ୖ 㸧 ࡼ ࡿNOM
ࡢ ᤕ ᤊ⋡㸦
UV260/Al
࠾ ࡼ ࡧDOC/Al
ࡢ ẚ ⋡ 㸧ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࢆ ሗ ࿌ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋFig. 5.5
ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ㧗 ࠸G
್ ࡛ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡢ ୖ ᪼ ᗘ ྜ ࠸ ࡀ ᢚ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࡢ ࡣ ࠊ ࡇ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞G
್ ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡼ ࡿ ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ᡂ 㛗 ࡢ 㐪 ࠸ ࡀ 㛵 ࢃ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ
≀⌮Ὑίᚋ䛾Ỉ ⿵ṇ⭷ᕪᅽ
TMP
Chap
㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㻣㻜 㻤㻜 㻥㻜 㻝㻜㻜
㻞㻛㻞
≀⌮Ὑίᚋ䛾Ỉ ⿵ṇ⭷ᕪᅽ 㼇䡇Pa at 25䉝㼉
TMP
㻌[k P a at 25 䉝 ]
㻌Fig. 5.5
(Pre
pter 5 M
Table 5.5
m
Raw System A
G=8
㻜 㻞㻛㻞㻞 䕺䚷A⣔ิ䠄 䕧䚷B⣔ิ䠄 䖃䚷C⣔ิ䠄
Changes -chlorine d
یSystem ڹSystem ەSystem
Membrane fi
5
Concen membranewater A filtrate 88 s- 1
㻞㻛㻞㻠 㻞㻛㻞 䠄G=88 s-1, t=12 䠄G=339 s-1, t=
䠄G=670 s-1, t=
of transm dosage was m A G= 88 m B G=339 m C G=670
filtration com
ntration ch filtration u
(t va D Ave 3.5 2.2
㻞㻢 㻞㻛㻞㻤 20 sec Gt=10 120 sec Gt=4 120 sec Gt=8
membrane p s fixed at 4 8s- 1,t=120se
9s- 1,t=120s 0s- 1,t=120s
mbined with
anges of o under diffe alue const DOC [mg/L]
Stand devia
0.1 0.1
㻟㻛㻞 㻟㻛 0,500䠅 40,500䠅 80,010䠅
pressure u 4 mg/L, coa ec Gt=10,50 ec Gt=40,5 ec Gt=80,0
th pre-chlori
rganic mat erent mixin tant)
dard ation
2 2
㻛㻠 㻟㻛㻢
under diffe agulant dos
Raw wat DOC UV260 Total alg Chlorine
00㻌
500㻌
010㻌
ination and
tter before ng strength
UV260 [ Ave 0.071 0.027
㻟㻛㻤 㻟㻛
erent coagu sage at 60
er quality
ae count demand
d pre-coagul
e and after h G value
[cm-1]
Standard deviation 0.001 0.000
㻛㻝㻜 㻟㻛㻝㻞
ulation co mg/L as PA
3.5 mg/L 0.071 cm -32,700 ce 4.1 mg/L
lation
d n
㻟㻛㻝㻠
nditions ACl)
- 1
ll/mL
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation
㛗ᮇ⭷ࢁ㐣ヨ㦂
Fig. 5.6 2012
ᖺ2
᭶ ࡽ2013
ᖺ2
᭶ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㐃 ⥆ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ヨ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋᐇ 㦂 ࡣ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡
60 mg/L as PACl
ࠊ ≀ ⌮ Ὑ ί 㛫 㝸120 min
ࠊ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ὶ ᮰2 m
3/m
2/d
ࡢ ᮲ ௳ ࡛ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ᮏ 㛗 ᮇ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ヨ 㦂 ࡢ จ 㞟Gt
್ ࡣ ࠊ5.3.3
จ 㞟 ฎ ⌮ ࡀ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࠼ ࡿ ᙳ 㡪ࡢ ⤖ ᯝ ࡽG=339 s
- 1ࠊt=120 sec
ࡢ40,500
ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡣ4 mg/L
ࢆ ࣋ ࣮ ࢫ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ⃰ ᗘ ࡀ0.5 mg/L
ࢆ ⥔ ᣢ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡼ ࠺ ㄪ ᩚ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋᅗ ♧ ࡍ ࡼ࠺
2012
ᖺ2
᭶14
᪥ ࡽ2012
ᖺ11
᭶14
᪥ ࡢ ᮇ 㛫 ࠾ ࠸ ࡚9
ࣨ ᭶ 㛫 ࡢ Ᏻ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ࡀ ⥅ ⥆ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ☜ ㄆ ࡛ ࡁ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ จ 㞟 ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡀ ᢚ ไ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡋ ࡋ ࠊ2012
ᖺ9
᭶ ධ ࡿ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡀ ୖ ᪼ ࡋ11
᭶14
᪥ 90 kPa
ࢆ ㉺࠼ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ⭷ ࢆ ࡋ ࠊ ࣭ Ꮨ ࡢ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ᛶ ࢹ ࣮ ࢱ ྲྀ ᚓ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⥅ ⥆ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ
ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ
2012
ᖺ10
᭶-2013
ᖺ1
᭶ ࡢ Ꮨ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡀ ᛴ ⃭ ୖ ᪼ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡣ ࠊ Ꮨ Ỉ ప ୗ క ࠺ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡢ Ὑ ί ຠ ᯝ ࡢ ప
ୗ ࠊจ 㞟 ຠ ⋡ ࡢ ప ୗ ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊᅗ ୰ ࡢ ⸴ 㢮 ᩘ ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ
⌛ ⸴ 㢮 ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ
Cyclotella
ࢢ ࣝ ࣮ ࣉ ࠊNitzschia
ᒓ ࡀ ቑ ຍ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ୧ ᒓ ࡣ จ 㞟 㜼 ᐖ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ㉳ ࡇ ࡍ ゝ ࢃ ࢀ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ 2 2 )ࠊᮍ จ 㞟 ᡂ ศ ࡢ ୍ 㒊 ࡀ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ୖ ᪼ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ࠼ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࠊ Ꮨ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ᐃ ᅽ ㏫ ὶ Ὑ ί ࡢ ሙ ྜ ࠊ Ỉ ࡢ ⢓ ᛶ ࡀ 㧗 ࠸ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ ᦆ ኻ Ỉ 㢌 ࡀ ୖ ᪼ ࡋ ࠊ ࡑ ࢀ క ࡗ ࡚ ⭷ 㠃 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ㏫ ὶ Ὑ ί Ỉ ࡢ ㏻ 㐣 ㏿ ᗘ ࡀ ప ୗ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ Ὑ ί ຠ ⋡ ࡀ ప ୗ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ࡇ ࡶ ⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ࡢ ୖ ᪼ ᐤ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡣ 㝖 ࡛ ࡁ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ
ྠ ᮇ ⸴ 㢮 ࡼ ࡿ จ 㞟 ຠ ⋡ ࡢ ప ୗ ࢆ ☜ ㄆ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡
0, 60, 80, 100 mg/L as PACl
ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ⣔ ิ ࢆ ㏣ ຍ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ᐇ 㦂 ⤖ ᯝ ࢆFig. 5.7
♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ࡼ ࠺ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡢ ቑ ຍ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚⭷ ᕪ ᅽ ୖ ᪼ ࢆ ᢚ ไ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ
Chap
pter 5 MMembrane fifiltration commbined withth pre-chloriination and d pre-coagullation
Chap
㻝 㻝
≀⌮Ὑίᚋ䛾⿵ṇ⭷ᕪᅽ [䡇Pa at 25䉝㼉
TMP
㻌[k Pa at 25 Υ ]
㻌pter 5 M
㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㻣㻜 㻤㻜 㻥㻜 㻜㻜 㻝㻜
㻝㻝㻛㻝㻟 㻝
Membrane fi
Fig. 5.
㻝㻝㻛㻞㻟 㻝㻞
filtration com
.7
Change diffe 㻛㻟 㻝㻞㻛㻝㻟 ۑ ڹ ۍ ڧmbined with
s of transm erent coag 㻟 㻝㻞㻛㻞㻟 ۑSystem A ڹSystem B ۍSystem C ڧSystem D
th pre-chlori
membrane ulant dosa
㻝㻛㻞 㻝
A Coagul B Coagul C Coagul D Coagul
ination and
pressure ages
㻝㻛㻝㻞 㻝㻛㻞 D⣔ิ䠄P A⣔ิ䠄P B⣔ิ䠄P C⣔ิ䠄P lant dose
ant dose ant dose 1 lant dose
d pre-coagul
under 㻞㻞 㻞㻛㻝
PAC䡈䚷0mg/L PACl 60mg/
PACl䚷80mg/L PAC䡈䚷100mg
60mg/L as 80mg/L as 00mg/L as
0mg/L as lation
㻞㻛㻝㻝 L䠅
L䠅 L䠅 g/L䠅
s PACl s PACl PACl s PACl
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation
Table 5.6
Water quality analysis results(Water samples of December 12, 2012)
Raw water
Filtrate System A
PACl 60 [mg/L]
System B PACl 80 [mg/L]
System C PACl 100 [mg/L]
Color [degree] 3 <1 <1 <1 Fe [mg/L] 0.15 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Al [mg/L] 0.57 0.03 0.02 0.03 Mn [ mg/L] 0.12 0.032 0.032 0.032
TOC [mg/L] 2.9 1.9 1.8 1.8
UV260 [cm- 1] 0.055 0.025 0.024 0.024
Table 5.6
Fig. 5.7
♧ ࡋ ࡓ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ᐇ 㦂 ࡢ2012
ᖺ12
᭶12
᪥ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Ỉ ㉁ ศ ᯒ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࠋจ 㞟 ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡢ ቑ ຍ ࡛ ࠊ
TOC
ࠊUV260
ࡀ ప ୗ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ࠊ ྍ ㏫ ⓗ ⭷ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᢚ ไ ࢆ ᥎ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࠋ
᪤ ࡢ ◊ ✲ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ࠊ ሷ ⣲ ๓ ฎ ⌮ ࡸ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡀ ☜ ಖ ࡉ
ࢀ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ 㛢 ሰ ᢚ ไ 1 8 ) 㸪 จ 㞟 ๓ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ 㛢 ሰ ᢚ ไ 1 3 )ࡀ ሗ
࿌ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ
୍ ᪉ ࠊ ሷ ⣲ ࡼ ࡿ ๓ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࠊ ⸴ య ࡀ ◚ ቯ ࡉ ࢀ ࡧ ⮯ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᨺ ฟ ࡀ ᠱ ᛕ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࡀ ࠊ ᅇ ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ᳨ ウ ࡋ ࡓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡢ ᮲ ௳ ୗ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ཎ Ỉ ୰ ࡢ ࡧ ⮯ ⃰ ᗘ㸦 ࢪ ࢙ ࢜ ࢫ ࣑ ࣥ㸸
< 1-141 ng/L, 2-MIB
㸸< 1-375 ng/L
㸧 ẚ ࡿ ࠊ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ᚋ ࡢ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ୰ ࡢ ࡧ ⮯ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ⃰ ᗘ ࡣ ࠊ ࠶ ࡲ
ࡾ ኚ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ 㸦 ࢪ ࢙ ࢜ ࢫ ࣑ ࣥ 㸸
< 1-86 ng/L, 2-MIB
㸸< 1-240 ng/L
㸧ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ᅇ ࡢ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡ ࡢ ᮲ ௳ ୗ ࡼ ࡿ ᾘ ẘ ⏕ ᡂ ≀ ⃰ ᗘ ࡣ ࠊ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ୰ ࡢ ⥲ ࢺ ࣜ ࣁ ࣟ ࣓ ࢱ ࣥ ⃰ ᗘ ࡛
0.008-0.032 mg/L
⠊ ᅖ ࠶ ࡾ ࠊ ཎ Ỉ ࢺ ࣜ ࣁ ࣟ ࣓ ࢱ ࣥ ⏕ ᡂ ⬟0.070-0.131 mg/L
ᑐ ࡋ ࠊ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 Ỉ ࡛ ࡣ0.051-0.092 mg/L
ࡢ ⠊ ᅖ㸦 ๓ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ࡛ ⏕ ᡂ ࡋ ࡓ ࢺ ࣜ ࣁ ࣟ ࣓ ࢱ ࣥ 㔞 ࢆ ྵࢇ ࡔ ್ 㸧 ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᢚ ไ ຠ ᯝ ࡣ ࠊ ௨ ୗ ♧ ࡍ せ ᅉ ࡼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ
㧗 ศ Ꮚ 㔞 ࡢ ⸴ 㢮 ⏤ ᮶ ᭷ ᶵ ≀ ㉁ ࡼ ࡿ จ 㞟 ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ࡢ ಖ ㆤ ࢥ ࣟ ࢻ స ⏝ ࡀ ࠊ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ప ศ Ꮚ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪 ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ᢚ ไ ࡉ ࢀ ࠊ จ 㞟 ຠ ⋡ ࡀ ୖ ᪼ ࡋ ࡓ 1 2 )ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ⚟ ᓥ ࡽ 2 4 )ࡢ ሗ ࿌ ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࠊ⸴ 㢮 ྵ ᭷ Ỉ ࡢ ሷ ⣲ ῧ ຍ ࡼ ࡿ ࢮ ࣮ ࢱ 㟁 ࡢ ప ୗ ࡸ ࠊ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ࡼ ࡿ ẅ ⸴ ຠ ᯝ క ࡗ ࡓ จ 㞟 ᨵ ၿ ຠ ᯝ 2 0 )ࡀ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࠊ⸴ 㢮 ✀ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡣ ࠊẼ Ἳ ࢆ ᣢ ࡘ ࡇ ࡛ ⣽ ⬊ ᐦ ᗘ ࡀ ప ࡃ ࡞ ࡾ ࠊ จ 㞟 ࣇ ࣟ ࢵ ࢡ ࢆ ᙧ ᡂ ࡋ ࡚ ࡶ ỿ ⃦ ࡋ ࡃ ࠸ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊሷ ⣲ ࡼ ࡾ ⣽ ⬊ ࢆ ◚ ቯ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ จ 㞟 ຠ ⋡ ࢆ ᨵ ၿ ࡛ ࡁ ࡓ ࡇ 1 2 )
ࡶ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡿ ࠋ ࡑ ࡋ ࡚ ࠊ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࠶ ࢃ ࡏ ࡚ ୍ ⯡ ⓗ ࡞ ί Ỉ ฎ ⌮ ᢏ ⾡ ྠ ᵝ ࠊ จ 㞟 ๓ ฎ ⌮ ࡢ
pH
ࢆ ᭱ 㐺 ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ จ 㞟 ຠ ⋡ ࡢ ྥ ୖ ࡀ ᚓ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ⪃ ࠼ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation
ࡲࡵ
ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ࠊ ⸴ 㢮 ࢆ ྵ ᭷ ࡍ ࡿ Ỉ ※ ࡛ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ๓ จ 㞟 ࡀ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘
ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ᑐ ࡍ ࡿ ᢚ ไ ຠ ᯝ ࢆ ᳨ ウ ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࠊ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ὀ ධ ⋡ จ 㞟 ὀ ධ
⋡ ࢆ ኚ ࡉ ࡏ ࡓ 㐃 ⥆ ⓗ ࡞ ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ
๓ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ᢚ ไ ຠ ᯝ ࡣ ࠊ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ᚋ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ሷ ⣲ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ ࡢ Ὑ ί ຠ ᯝ ࠊ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ≀ ㉁ ࡢ ᛶ ≧ ኚ ࡞ ࡢ ᶵ ᵓ
ࡼ ࡿ ࡶ ࡢ ᥎ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋ ࡲ ࡓ ࠊ ๓ จ 㞟 ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ᢚ ไ ຠ ᯝ ࡣ ࠊ ᨩ ᢾ
G
್ ࡼ ࡿ ᙳ 㡪 ࡶ ཷ ࡅ ࡿ ࡇ ࡶ ☜ ㄆ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ᾘ ẘ ⏕ ᡂ ≀ ㉁ ࢆ ᢚ ࠼ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᧯ స ࡶ ྵ ࡵ ࠊ ࡉ ࡽ ࡞
ࡿ ᳨ ウ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ
Chapter 5 Membrane filtration combined with pre-chlorination and pre-coagulation
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
1) ఀ ⸨ ╬ 㞝 㸪 ᑼ ఙ 㸪 㧗 ⏣ ᾈ ᖾ 㸸 㟘 ࣨ ᾆ ࢆ Ỉ ※ ࡍ ࡿ ί Ỉ ሙ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ί Ỉ ฎ
⌮ ᡭ ἲ ࡢ ᨵ ၿ ಀ ࡿ ඹ ྠ ◊ ✲(I), ➨ 61 ᅇ ᅜ Ỉ 㐨 ◊ ✲ Ⓨ ⾲ ㅮ ₇ 㞟 㸪pp.
198-199, 2010.
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4) ᮌ ᮧ ඞ ㍤ 㸪⩚ ᰿ ᗣ ྐ 㸪Ώ 㒊 ⩏ බ㸸Ἑ ᕝ Ỉ UF ⭷ ࢁ 㐣 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ྍ ㏫ ⓗ ⭷ ࣇ
࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ๓ จ 㞟 ỿ Ẋ ࡢ ᙳ 㡪, ᅵ ᮌ Ꮫ ➨ 58 ᅇ ᖺ ḟ Ꮫ ⾡ ㅮ ₇ ㅮ ₇ 㞟, pp. 249-250, 2003.
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ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ཎ ᅉ ≀ ㉁, ⾨ ⏕ ᕤ Ꮫ ࢩ ࣥ ࣏ ࢪ ࢘ ࣒ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟, 13, pp. 227-230, 2005.
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㉳ ᅉ ࡍ ࡿ ࢭ ࣛ ࣑ ࢵ ࢡ ⭷ ࣇ ࢘ ࣜ ࣥ ࢢ ࡢ ๓ ሷ ⣲ ฎ ⌮ ࡼ ࡿ ᢚ ไ ຠ ᯝ 㸪 ᅵ ᮌ Ꮫ
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18) ಖ ᠇ ோ ࣭ ᑠ ➟ ཎ ⣫ ୍ 㸪 ί Ỉ ࡢ ᢏ ⾡ Ᏻ ࡞ 㣧 ࡳ Ỉ ࢆ ࡘ ࡃ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ , ᢏ ሗ ᇽ ฟ ∧, 1999.
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22) బ ⸨ ᢞ ஂ ࣭ ┿ Ὀ , ୖ Ỉ 㐨 ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ⸴ 㢮 㞀 ᐖ 㸫 Ᏻ ࡛ Ⰻ ㉁ ࡞ Ỉ 㐨 Ỉ ࢆ ồ
ࡵ ࡚, ᢏ ሗ ᇽ ฟ ∧, 1996.
23) ๓ ⏣ ᬛ ᏹ 㸪 ᮌ ᮧ ඞ ㍤ 㸪 Ώ ㎶ ⩏ බ 㸸 ๓ จ 㞟/MF ⭷ ฎ ⌮ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ จ 㞟 ᮲ ௳ ࡀ ⭷ 㛢 ሰ ཬ ࡧ ฎ ⌮ Ỉ ㉁ ཬ ࡰ ࡍ ᙳ 㡪 㸪 ᅵ ᮌ Ꮫ ➨ 60 ᅇ ᖺ ḟ Ꮫ ⾡ ㅮ ₇ 㸪pp.
39-40, 2005.
Chapter 6 Membrane filtration combined with adsorption and pre-coagulation