- bejnhteund verneinte Kurzantwort
-
angehttngte Kurzfrage(question
tag)-
Kurztragezum Ausdruck desErstaunenslZweifels
-
AusrllfeZusammensdiau derkommunikativen Formen desAntwortens,derRtickfrage
{zum
AusdruckdesErstaunens).derEmphase, de: Autforde-rung, desBeipflichtens
Yes,hejs,No, we don't.
(Who wonr) We did.
It'snice,jsn'tite
That wasn't good.was jt3 ritvegotfivebrothers.) Oh, haveyoue
(Youcan'tgo out.)Why notP
What a lovelymeaJ!
ICanyou eome at eight e'clo{S[P) Yes,lcan.
tl won £ iOOinthepoois.) Oh, didvou?
Do come on time, wjll youe (ldon'tijke whiskyJ
Nor doI.
5f6 5t6.
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B TEIUE DER SArzBAUMUSTER 5, VERBArten
desVerbs:
Vellverben
Cim
Rahmen desGrundwortschataesund de:auigeftihrten Satzbaumuster) Hilfsverber!
-
ean-
couldnLditGegenstand :usammenschauender, svstem{ttscherBehendlung
ican'topen thistin, Canlgonewl icouldn't see
Mory・
Ceuldyou hetpme, pleaseP
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ma)r-
must-
need-will
fwiiJ-future) -
wouldVerben wie
-haveto.,,
-
fbe)allowed to,.,-
(be)goingto,..Maylcomeinl Serr)r.1must genow.
You needn't helprne.
IthinkMl befinetomorrow.
Iwon't do itagain.
Weuld you llketehave thisbikeP
What would you do inMike'spJacee
Do we have towrite thisagainr
ldon'thave tociean my shoes.
We were not allowed tedance,
What are you goingte do...?
7IB
9tlO
HMsverben und sog, Ersatzfonnen
(zustttzlich
zu denftirdie5.und 6,jahrgangsstufe
auf-geftihrtenBedeutungen und Verwendungen) can
{negative
SchluBfolgerungen)maylmight {Vermutling)
shall
Cnllr
inFrage]needn't (keineVeTpflichtung)
(be)
able to.,.
(be)allowed to
,.,
Zusammenschau derHilfsverbenund ihrer Verwendung (auchdie sog. Ersatzformen}
ErgEnzungen:
must have
. . . (Sch1llBfolge:ung}
mighthave..,fVermutung)
should have
. , .
{Vorhaltung)oughtto.,,
Thiscan't be true.
We may bebacklatetonight.
'
Take an umbrejla. itmight rain tonight.
Shaillputthisbookback on theshelfP
Yeu needn't learnallthisby heart,
Nobedy has eyei been oble te reach
mountain.
iden'tthink Jllbeallowed tocome,
the top et
lsaw alightinhisreom. So hemust have beenin, How do yeuknowe Somebodv else might have turned
thelighton.
・
Yeu sheuld haveseen adoctotlongage.
You really ought todo abitmore work,
this
516
516
5J6
5t6
5t6S/6-Formen
Cund
Funktionen}desVerbs:Gegenwartsformen (presenttensej
(einschlieSli[hlautlicheTunderthographischer Besenderheiten)
Vergangenheitsformen (pasttense)
{einsdilieBlich
lautlicheTund erthographischerBesonclerheiten)
Kurzfermen
(einschlieSlich
dergeliuligenSdireibwelsen, wobei allerdings Formen wiePeterisagood boy,he'sdone hishomework nicht verwendet werden se!lten}MittelwortderGegenwart
(ing-lorm)
(einschlieSlichorthographisd}erBesonderheiten)
alsTeilderVerlaufsform proglessjve(eontinuous)iorm
' noch nitht Gegenstamdzusammensdiauender,systematische[Sehendlung
falways havemilk forbreakictst,
Fjtsthe cleans histeeth,then'he washes hisiace,
We pJayedfootbanyestetday.
Who wone
-
We did,When theygottethestation, theyboughttheirtickets
and eaught thenext trdin, I'm,you can't, we're, they`reusw,
What ate vou deinge
We were watchjng TV when eur lathereame home,
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-
im Gegensatz zur Gegenwartsferm (simplepresent)-
geplenteHandlung-
Schilderungvergangener Vorgange-
Kornbinationmit simple past-r
sichhaufigwiederholende Vorgange Gerund(vgl,
Grundmuster)Zusammenschau derwichtigsten Verwendungen:
-
nadi Pripositionen-
nadi Verben wie stop, enioy- "halfigerund"
Infinitiv (vgl,Grundmuster)
MittelwertderVergangenheit
Ceinsch!ieBlidilautlidierundorthographisdiei
Besenderheiten) als TeildespresentpetfecC presentpetfect
-
lmGegensatz zu pctsttense-
beiZeitangftbenmit forund since,sondeTe bei:
know, be,have
CdeutscheEntsptechungtGegenwart)
-
progressive feontlnuotts)lotm{deutsche
Entsprechung;GegenwaTt) pastperteet-
Vorzeitigkeit-
progressivefcentinuous)foTm passiveveJcein allen Zeitenund inVerbindttngmit Hilfs-verben (can,must usw.}
Verwendung desbyagent CvoTallem in
Be-schreibungen,Berichten)
-
mit einfdchen transitiven Ve:ben-
Verb + Praposition-
t,perstin]iches'' Passiytense"Zusanrnenschau
derErzahlzeitengeormen, Funktienen}
ni(htGegenstand :ueammenschtuender, svskuttts(het
Am:diFIVff3EXff$・fi
Mary oiten makes thedinner,
Helle.Mar)r,come out,
-
Sotty,1can't,lim making the dinner,Areyeu doing anything tonighte ltwas gettingdarkerand darket,
We were watching TV when the telephonetang.
Heisalways tTvingtotease
the,
My hobby iscollectlng stamps.
Ilikeieading, Stopshoutfng.
Yeu can open thedoor bypressing thie button.
I'miookingforward teseejng yousoeit.
I reaily enjoyed beingwith you.
Idon'tmjnd him coming toolate, Letme see yourexercise beok.
What de you want tebee 1'diiketebeapfloL
They went tosee theirirjends,
What have yeudoneF Look,1ivecleaned theshoes,
Have yeu done yeurhomeworkP Oh.ves.Idid it yester-day,I
haven'tseen himforweeks.
I'veknown himlorinanv yeats.
He"rlonghavevou had thiseurP
- (For)ten
years, 1'vebeenheiesince JanuarlrHere you are at last,rve been waMng iorhaU an hour,
We had iustiinished eui ptcnfc・when lcouldn't get intomy flat
becattse
lHe toldme thathe had been waiting
jtstarted to had tostmy
forhalfan
Amerjca was diseoveredby Columbus.
I'malraidmy watch hasbeenstolen,
Thisdeetntust alsvavsbelocked.
Thiscar hasn'tbeenp.aidfer, Shedoesn'twant tobe taughedat, We were teldtowdit hete,
lwas giventhistecord by my gitl-friend.
Not vety longago thetewas a finegander
..,
temernbered thatthe
gandet
had tejdhet,,,everbody,,, deseended on thegartder'shouse.
strutting jnhisirontyard
,..
Behendiung
rdin,keys.hour,
A d"dtFinallyHe was
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6.SUBSTmmV(noan) Arten desSubstan・tive:
-
SubstantivezurBenennttng ven zahlbaren Dingen,BegTiffen(coLmtables) -
Substentivezur Benennttngven nidit batenDingen,Begriffen(uneettntables),
dienur imSingularvoTkomrnen, und einige, dienur imPluralverk'ommen
-
Substantive zur Benennung ven Mengen in Verbindung mit ot-
Substantive zur Benennung ven nicht barenDingen und Begritfen(uncountables), insbesondereinVerbindungrnit sometanyundMafiengeben;
Verwendung ven pjece
gt
usw.-
pluralnouns und Verwendung von pairof-
Substftntivewie news, mathematics, U S.A,-
Singularformenmit pluralischerBedeutung-
Verwendung desPluralsinbestimmtenVerbindungen
-
Verwendung von Adjektiven als SubstantiveFormen desSubstantivs:
PluTal-Pluralformenmit
-s (einsdilieSlich
lautlicl{e:undorthographischerBesonderheiten)
-
andere Pluralformen(im
Rahmen deswortschatzes)
Zusammensdiau derPluralfermen
(regelm,,
unregelm.: Schreibung,Aussprache)
Genitiv-Besitzformen(Genitiv)im Sipgularund
Plura!
(einschlieBlidi
leut!idierundgraphischerBesenderheiten)
-
Verwendung inStrukturenwie:-
beiBerufsbe:eidmungen-
inVerbindung mit eineT oi-phrase(vgl,
Prenomen)-
inellliptischen AussagenZusammenschau derGenitivformen
(Ausspradie,
Schreibung,Besenderheitenbeiunregelm, Plural;Verwendung)
tOYS.
dy
etC.tsemei
milk.(a
lotoiJtun.(a
pairot)trousers,peepleaglaasotwater, apound et sugar ete,
You cattask feriniormatjonat thedesk over there, Can 1have some btead,please.
-
How muchg-
rwpslicesofbrown breadand apieceottoast,
t need new trottsers,
-
Hew many pairseThisisgeed news.
Mathematics ismv weak point.
TheV,S,A,hasalways beena tjchceuntry.
Mv famjlyhavg debided tomeve toanew house.
Three passengerslesttheiriives.
Theyshoek hands,
There are aiotei stupld elichEssuch as
'ihe
Engjisharecoel. the Frendtarepolite'.
You knew that silly
joke
about the grocerwho put upa box
'For
theblindi,degs,hats,matches, che!riesetc.
men, chlldren,teethetc.
rom's,my parents'ete.
the children's lttsJames's,
tethebutcher's, at thedecteis
a triendot my sjster's
ican'tletyouhave thisbook,it'sPeteis.
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7. ARTIKEL, PRONOMEN UND PRO-FORMEN