第4章 では、ラクトフェリシンB中の塩基性アミノ酸を多く含む9残基をコ ア部分としてD体化、Nアシル化により合成したペプチド誘導体の抗真菌・抗
J. Bio1,Chem.265:21684−21691.
Be11amy,W,H」螂,M Takase,K.Kawase,S Shmamura,andMTom1ta
1993a.Ro1e of ce11−binding in the antibacteria1mechanism of1actofcrricin B.J.
App1.Bactcriol.75:478−484.
Be11amy,W,HJ幽,M.Takase,K Kawase,S.Shmamura,andM.Tbm1ta
1993b.Kming of Cma〃αα伽。m∫by1actoferricin B,a potent antimicrobia1 peptidc derived from the N−temina1region of bovine1actoferrin.Med.Microbio1.
Immuno1,182:97−105.
Be11amy,W.,K.Yamauch1,HJ軸,M.Takase,N.Takakura,S.Shmamura,
and M・Tomita・1994.Antifunga1properties of1actoferricin B,a peptide derived from the N−temina1region of bovine1actoferrin.Lett.ApPL Microbio1.18:230−
233.
Be11amy,W,M.Takase,HL螂,K Kawase,and M.Tom1ta.1992b
Antibacteria1spectmm ofIactoferricin B,a potent bactericida1peptide derived from the N−termina1region ofbovine Iactoferrin・J・ApP1・BacterioL73:472−479.
Be11amy,W.,M Takase,K.Yamauch1,HJ螂,K・Kawase,and M.Tomta.
1992・・Id・・tifi・・ti…fb・・t・・i・id・1d・m・i・・f1・・t・f…i・.Bi・・him.Bi・phy・.A・t・.
1121:130−136.
B㎝一Yaacov・R・,S・Kno11er,G.A.Ca1dwe11,J.M.Becker,and Y.Ko1tin.1994.Cona肋 ・伽・舳∫g…㎝・・di・g…i・t・…t・b㎝・my1・・dm・th・t・…t・i・・m・1tid・・g resistancc gene.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.38:648−652.
Birgens,H.S.,H.Kar1e,N.E.Hansen,and L.②.Kristensen.1984.Lactoferrin receptors in norma1and1eukaemic human b1ood ce11s.Scand.J.Haemato1.33:275,280.
Boxer,L.A.,T.D.Coates,R.H.Haak,J.B.Wo1ach,S.Hoffstein,andR.L.Baehner.1982.
Lactoferrin deficiency associatedwith a1tered gram1ocytc function.N.Eng1.J.Med.
307:404_410.
Branton,W.D.,M.S.Rudnick,Y.Zhou,E.D.Ecc1eston,G.B.Fic1ds,and L.D.Bowers.
1993.Fatty acy1ated toxin stmcture.Nature365:496−497.
Britigan,B.E.,M.B.Hayek,B.N−Doebbe1ing,and R.B.Fick Jr.1993.Transferrin and
1・ctofe・ri・㎜d・rgop・ot・o1yticc1・…g・i・th・戸∫ωa・m・・伽α・用8切・∫α一infectedlungs ofpaticnts with cystic fibrosis.Infect.Immun.61:5049−5055.
Brock,J.1995.Lactoferrin:a mu1tifunctiona1immunoregu1atory protein?Immuno1.
Today.16:417_419.
Broxmeyer,H.E.,M.DeSousa,A.Smithyman,P.Ra1ph,J.Hami1ton,J.I.Kur1and,andJ.
Bognacki.1980.Specificity and modu1ation of the action of1actoferrin,a negative feedback regu1ator ofmyelopoicsis.B1ood.55:324−333.
Byrd,T.F.,and M.A.Horwitz.1991.bctoferrin inhibits or promotesエe8jone〃。
〃ωmgρ〃Zαintrace11u1ar mu1tip1ication in nonactivated and interferon gamma−
activated human monocytes depending upon its degree of iron saturation.Iron−
1actoferrin and nonphysio1ogic iron che1ates reverse monocyte activation against
ムeg one〃αρ〃ωmoρ〃Zo.J.C1in.Invest.88:1103−1112.
Ca1deron・R・A・,and R・J・Hay.1987.Fungicida1activity of human neutrophi1s and monocytes on dermatophyte fungi,〃。伽ρ伽。o〃ψ肋。加m〃m and〃。伽ρ伽τo〃
用わ用m.Immuno1ogy.61:289−295.
ChapP1c,D・S一,D.J.Mason,C.L.Joamou,E.W.Ode11,V.Gant,and R.W.Evans.
1998−Structure−function re1ationship of antibacteria1synthetic peptides homo1ogous to a he1ica1surface rcgion on human1actoferrin against亙∫cんぴた〃αco serotype 0111.Infect.Immun.66:2434−2440.
Ch㎝,H.一C.,J.H.Brown,J.L.More11,and C.M.Huang−1988.Synthctic magainin ana1ogues with improved antimicrobia1activity.FEBS Lett.236:462−466.
Chierici,R.,andV.Vigi.1994.Lactoferrinininfantfomu1ac.ActaPacdiatr.402:83−88.
Connee1y,O.M.,G.A.Cunningham,F.J.De Mayo,B.M.Jericevic,O.Saucedo−
Cardenas,and J.P.Lydon.1997.Targcted disruption of1actofcrrin revea1s csscntia1 cytokine ro1e in thedeve1opmentofextraembryonictrophoectodem.1nabstractsof third intcrnationa1conference on1actoferrin,Lc Touquet,Francc−
Cope,J.E.1980.Mode ofaction ofmiconazo1e on Cma肋αめゴ。ms:effects on growth,
viabi1ity and K+re1ease.J.Gen.Microbio1.19:245−251.
Da1ton,D.K.,S.Pitts−Meek,S.Keshav,I.S.Figari,A.Brad1ey,and T.A.Stewart.1993.
Mu1tip1e dcfects ofimmune ce11function in mice with disrupted interferon−Y g㎝es−
Science.259:1739_1742.
Davidson,L.A.,and B.LδmerdaL1986.Iso1ation and characterization of rhesus monkey mi1k1actoferrin.Pediatr.Res.20:197−201.
Daya1,R.,J.Hur1imam,Y.M・Suard,and J・P・KraehenbuhL1982・Chemica1and
immunochemica1characterization of caseins and the major whey proteins of rabbit
mi1k.Biochem.J.210:71−79.
Dejean・C・B・・B・L・Ayerra,and A.R.Teyssie.1987.Interferon response in the guinea pig
infected with Jmin virus.J.Mcd.Virol.23:83−91.
E1ass−Rochard,E・,A・Roseam,D.Legrand,M.Trif,V.Sa1mon,C.Motas,J.MontreuiI,
and G・Spik・1995.Lactoferrin−1ipopo1ysaccharide intcraction:invo1vement of the
28−341oop region of human1actoferrin in the high−affinity binding toふ。加7た〃。co〃055B51ipopo1ysaccharide.Biochem.J.312:839−845.
E1iopou1os,G.M.,and R.C.Moe11ering.1991.Antimicrobia1combinations,p.432−492.
In Lorian,V(eds),Antibiotics in1aboratory medicine,3rd ed,Wi11iams&Wi1kins,
Ba1timore.
E11ison,R.T.,T.J.Gieh1,and F.M.LaForce.1988.Damage of the outer membrane of enteric gram−negativc bacteria by 1actoferrin and transferrin.Infect.Immun.
56:2774_2781.
E11ison,R.T.,and T.J.Gieh1.1991.Ki11ing of gram−ncgative bacteria by1actoferrin and
1ysozyme.J.C1in.Invest.88:1080−1091.
F1cming,D.W.,S.L.Cochi,K.L.MacDona1d,J.Brondum,P.S.Haycs,B.D.P1ikaytis,
M.B.Ho1mcs,A.Audurier,C.V.Broome,and A.L.Remgo1d.1985.Pasteurized
mi1k as a vehic1e ofinfection in an outbreak of1isteriosis.N.Eng1.J.Mcd.312:404−
407.
Fortier,A.H.,T.Po1sineui,S.J.Green,and C.A,Nacy・1992・Activation ofmacrophages
for destruction of F7αnc5se〃αC〃Z07en∫ゴ∫:Identification of cytokines,effector ce11s,and effcctor mo1ecu1es.Infect.Immun.60:817−825.
Gahr,M.,C.R Speer,B.Damerau,and G・Sawatzki・199L Innu㎝ce of1actoferrin on
the function of human po1ymo印homc1ear1cukocytes and monocytcs・J・Leukocyte
BioI.49:427−433.
Gajewski・T・F・and FW・Fitch.1988.Anti−Pro1ifcrative effect of IFN−Y in immune regu1ation・I・IFN−Y inhibits the pro1iferation of Th2but not Th1murine hc1pcr T 1ymphocytc c1ones.J.Immuno1,140:4245−4252.
Ge11in,B.G.,and C.V.Broom.1989.Listeriosis.J.Am.Med.Assoc.261:1313.1320.
Groves,M.L.1960.Thc iso1ation of a rcd protein from mi1k.J.Am.Chem.Soc.
82:3345_3350.
Gutteberg,T.J.,B.Hanebcrg,and T.J¢rgensen.1984.The1atency of semm acute phase proteins in meningococca1septicemia,with specia1emphasis on1actofcrrin.C1in.
Chim.Acta.136:173−178.
Gutteridge,J.M.C.1977.The measurement ofma1ondia1dehyde in pcroxidiscd ox−brain phospho1ipid1iposomes.Ana1.Biochem.82:76−82.
Gutteridge,J.M.C.,S.K.Patcrson,A.W Sega1,and B.Ha11iwe11.1981.Inhibition of
Iipid peroxidation by thc iron−binding protein1actoferrin.Biochcm.J.199:259−261.Ha11iwe11,B.1991.Drugantioxidanteffects.Abasisfordrugse1ection?Drugs42:569−
605.
Hanifin,J.M.,J.F.Ray,and W.C.Lobitz Jr.1974.Immuno1ogica1rcactivity in
dermatophytosis.Br.J.Dermato1.90:1−8.
Harmon,R.J.,F.L.Schanbacher,L.C.Fcrguson,and K.L.Smith.1976.Changes in lactoferrin,immunog1obu1in G,bovine serum a1bumin,and a−1acta1bumin during acute expcrimenta1and natura1co1iform mastitis in cows・Infect・Immun・13:533−
542.
Hay,R.J.1990.Overview of studies of nuconazo1e in oropharyngea1candidiasis・Rev・
Infect.Dis.12(Supp1.3):334−337.
H・y・R・J・1994・Imm…1・gy・fd・・m・t・phyt・・i・.Jp・.J.M・d.My・・1.35:1−8.
Hi・・t・・i・T・…dH・Y・m・g・・hi・1984.St・di・…th・m・d・・f・・tif・・g・1・・ti㎝・f bifonazole.Chemothcrapy.32:829−841.
Hoek・K・S・・J・M・Mi1ne,P・A.Grieve,D.A.Dionysius,and R.Smith.1997.
Antibacteria1activity of bovine1actoferrin−derived peptides.Antimicrob.Agents
Chemother.41:54−59.Houghten,R.A.,C.Pini11a,S.E.B1ondeI1e,J.R.Appe1,C.T.Doo1ey,and J.H.Cucwo.
1991.Generation and use of synthetic peptide combinatoria11ibraries for basic
research and drug discovery.Nature354:84−86.Hu,W.一L一,J.Mazurier,G.Sawatzki,J.Montreui1,and G.Spik.1988.Lactoferrin receptor of mouse sma11−intestina1brush bordeL Binding characteristics of
membrane−bound and Triton X−100−so1ubi1ized forms.Biochem.J.249:435−441.
Hucttinger,M.,M.Mei1inger,C.Gschwentner,and H.Lassmam.1998.The LDL−
receptor fami1y.Lactoferrin and1ipid metabo1ism.p.107−111.In G.Spik et a1.(ed.),
Advanccs in1actoferrin research,P1enum Press,New York.
Hwang,P.M.,N.Zhou,X.Shan,C.H.Arrowsmith,and H.J.V)ge1.1998.Three−
dimensiona1so1ution structure of1actoferricin B,an antimicrobia1pcptide derived from bovine1actoferrin.Biochemistry.37:4288−4298.
Itoyama,T.,Y;Aoki,T,Hiratani,K,Uchida,and H.Yamaguchi.1993.In vitro antifmga1activity of omoconazo1e nitrate,a new imidazo1e antimycotic.Jpn.J.
Antibiotics.46:773−780.
Jamroz,R.C.,J.R.Gasdaska,J.Y.Bradfie1d,and J.H.園w.1993.Transferrin in a
cockroach:Mo1ecu1ar c1oning,characterization,and supPression by jev㎝i1e
homone.Proc.Nat1.Acad.Sci.USA.90:1320−1324.
Je1tsch・J・一M・・and P・Chambon.1982.The comp1etc mc1eotide sequ㎝ce ofthe chicken ovotransfcrrin mRNA.Eur.J.Biochem.122:291−295.
Johansson,B・G・1960・Iso1ation of an iron−containing red protein from human mi1k.
Acta Chcm.Scand.14:510−512.
J0116s,J・,A・Donda,P・Amiguet,and P.J0116s.1984.More Iactotransferrin:Purification,
ana1ysis and N−termina1sequence determination.FEBS Lett.176:185−188.
Jones,H.E.,J.H.Reinhardt,and M.G.Rina1di.1974.Immuno1ogic susceptibi1ity to chronic dermatophytosis.Arch.Dermato1,110:213−220.
Kakuta,I.,and H.Kurokura.1995.Dcfensive effect of ora11y administered bovine 1actoferrin against Cαμoc〃γon か〃伽∫ infection of red sea bream.Fish
Patho1(Tokyo).30:289−290.Kan,V.L.,A.Geber,and J.E.Bemett.1996.Enhanced oxidative ki11ing of azo1e−
rcsistant C伽a〃α8Zαわm吻strains with ERG11de1etion.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.40:1717−1719.
Kang,J.H.,M.K.Lee,K.L.晴m,and K.一S.Hahm.1996.Stmcture−bio1ogica1activity
reIationships of11−residue high1y basic pcptide segment ofbovine1actoferrin.Int.J.Pept.Protein Res.48:357−363.
King,R.D.,H.A.Khan,J.C.Foye,J.H.Greenberg,and H.E.Jones.1975.Transferrin,
iron,and dermatophytes.I.Serum dermatophyte inhibitory component definitive1y
identified as unsaturated transferrin.J.ub.C1in.Med.86:204−212.購nkade,J.M.,W.W.Mi11er,and F.M.Segers・1976・Iso1ation and characterization of murine1actoferrin.Biochim.Biophys.Acta.446:407−418.
Kirkpatrick,C.H.,I.Green,R.R.Rich,and A・L・Schade・1971・Inhibition of growth of
Cαna〃α oめたα〃∫ by iron−unsaturated 1actofenin: re1ation to host−defense
mechanisms in chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.J.Infect.Dis.124:539,544.
Koga・T・・H・Ishizaki,T・Matsumoto,and Y.Hori.1993.Cytokine production of periphera1b1ood mononuc1ear ce11s in a dermatophytosis patient in respOnsc tO
stimu1ation with trichophytin.J.Dermato1.20:441−443.
Koga,T・,H・Ishizaki,T・Matsumoto,and Y.Hori.1993.In vitro re1case of interferon一γ by periphera1b1ood monomc1ear ce11s of dermatophytosis patients in response to
stimu1ationwithtrichophytin.Br.J.Demato1,128:703−704.
Koga,T.,H.Ishizaki,T.Matsumoto,and Y.Hori.1994.In vitro re1ease of granu1ocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor by periphera1b1ood mononuc1ear
ce11s of dermatophytosis patients in rcsponse to stimu1ation with trichophytin.C1in.Exp.Dermatol.19:94−95.
Koga,T.,H.Ishizaki,T.Matsumoto,and Y.Hori.1995.Decrcased re1casc ofinterferon−
Y by pcriphcra1b1ood in response to stimu1ation with trichophytin.Acta.Derm.
Venereo1.(Stockh)75:81−82.
Kruisbeck,A.M.1993.Iso1ation ofmousc mon㎝uc1carcc11s.3.1.2−3.1.5.In E.Co1igan,
A.M.Kruisbeek,D.H.Margu1ics,E.M.Shevach,and W.Strober,(eds),Current Protoco1s in Immuno1ogy,JohnWi1ey&Sons,NewYork.
Kurama,T.,S.Kurata,and S.Natori.1995.Mo1ecu1ar characterization of an insect transferrin and its se1ective incorporation into eggs during oogenesis.Eur.J.
Biochem.228:229−235.
Kuwata,H.,T−T.Yip,K.Yamauchi,S・Teraguchi,H・Hayasawa・M・Tomita,and T・W・
Hutchens.1998.The suwiva1of ingested1actoferrin in the gastrointestina1tract of
adu1t mice.Biochem.J.334:321−323.Kuwata,H.,T.T.Yip,M.Tomita,and T・W・Hutch㎝s・1998・Direct evidence of the
generation in human stomach of an antimicrobia1peptide domain(1actoferricin)
from ingestcd Iactoferrin.Biochim.Biophys.Acta.1429:129−141.
Larsson,S・,M・H・Wa1dcr,S.N.Cronbcrg,A.B.Forsgren,T−Moestrup.1985.
Antimicrobia1susceptibihties of〃∫ceバ。 mo〃。c以。8ene∫strains iso1ated from1958 t01982in Sweden.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.28:12−14.
Lash,J,A.,T.D.Coatcs,J.Lafuze,R.L.Bachner,and L.A.Boxcr.1983.P1asma
1actoferrin ref1ects granu1ocytc antivation in vivo.B1ood.61:885−888.
Law,B.A.,and B.Reitcr.1977.The iso1ation and bacteriostatic propcrtics of1actoferrin
from bovine mi1k whey.J.Dairy Res.44:595−599.
Lawson,N.D.,D.S.附ausc,and N.Ber1ineL1998.Noma1neutrophi1diffcrentiation and secondary granu1e g㎝e expression in the EML and MPRO ce111ine.Exp.
Hemato1.26:1178−1185.
Lee,W.J.,J.L.Farmer,M.Hi1ty,and Y.B.晴m.1998.The protective e笛ects of
1actofcrrin fecding against endotoxin1etha1shock in germfree pig1ets.Infect.Immun.66:1421_1426.
Legrand,D.,J.Mazurier,A.E1ass,E.Rochard,G.Vergot㎝,P.Maes,J.Montreui1,and G.Spik.1992.Mo1ecu1ar interactions betw㏄n human1actotransfeITin and the
phytohemagg1utinin−activated human1ymphocyte1actotransferrin receptor1ie in two loop−containing regions of the N−termina1domain I of human1actotransferrin.
Biochemistry.31:9243−9251.
Lenander−Lumikari,M.,and I.Johansson.1995・E脆。t ofsa1iva composition on growth of C伽a〃αα伽。舳∫and乃7〃Zoρ∫ゴ∫gZαか〃α・Ora1Microbio1・ImmunoL1O:233−
240.
Levay,P.R,and M.Vi1joen.1995・Lactoferrin:a g㎝era1rcview・Haemato1ogica・
80:252−267.
Li・Y・M・・A・X・T・・…dH・V1・・・….1995.A・tib・・t・・i・1・・ti・ity・f1y…ym…d 1actoferrin is inhibited by binding of advanccd g1ycation−modified proteins to a
consewed motif.Nature Med.1:1057−1061.
Liu,Y.,and C.T.Teng.1991,Characterization of cstrogen−responsive mousc1actoferrin promoter.J.Bio1.Chem.266:21880−21885.
L6mcrda1,B.,and S.Iyer.1995.Lactoferrin:mo1ccu1ar stmcture and bio1ogica1 function.Annu.Rev.Nutr.15:93−110.
MacGi11ivray,R.T.A.,E.Mendez,J.G.Shewa1c,S.K.Sinha,J.Lineback−Zins,and K.
Brew.1983.The primary structure of huan serum transfcrrin.Thc stmctures of sevcn cyanogen bromide fragments and the assemb1y of the comp1etc suructure.J.
BioI.Chem.258:3543−3553.
Machnicki,M.,M.Zimecki,and T.Zagu1ski.1993.Lactoferrin regu1ates the re1ease of tumor necrosis factor a1pha and inter1eukin6in vivo.Int.J.Exp.Patho1.74:433−
439.
Machnicki,M.,M.Zimecki,and T.Zagu1ski.1993.Lactoferrin regu1ates the re1ease of
tumour necrosis factor a1pha and inter1eukin6切vル。.Int.J.Exp.Path.74:433−439.Ma1amud,D.,and J.W.Drysd1c.1978.Isoe1ectric points of proteins:a tab1e.Ana1.
Biochem.86:620−647.
Martensen,H.,K.Haslov,B.Mansa,and M.W.Bentzon.1987.Production,assay and partia1characterization of guinea pig intcr1eukin2・J・Immuno1・Methods・1041209−
217.
Maれinez−Suarez,J.V.,and J.L.Rodriguez−Tude1a・1996・In vitro activitics of
semisynthetic pneumocandin L−733,560 against且uconazo1e−resistant and 一
susceptib1e C伽6〃。 o腕。αη∫iso1ates.Antimicrob.Agents Chcmother.40:1277−
1279.
Masson,P・L・,J・F・Hcremans,and C.H.Dive.1966.An iron−binding Protein common to many extema1secretions.Clin.Chim.Acta14:735−739.
Masson,P.L.,and J.F.Heremans.1971.Lactoferrin in mi1k from diffcrent species.
Comp.Biochem.Physio1.39B:119−129.
Matsue,M.,J.Matsuyama,and I.膿yosawa.1995.Interaction of1actoferrin with ascorbatc and the re1ationship with b1comycin−dependent DNA damage.Biosci.
Biotechno1.Biochem.,59:358−362.
Mattsby−Ba1tzer,I.,A.Roseanu,C.Motas,J.E1verfors,I.Engberg,and L.A.Hanson.
1996.Lactoferrin or a fragment thereof inhibits the endotoxin−induced intcr1eukin−6
response in human monocytic cens.Pediatr.Res.40:257−262−
McAbee,D.D.,D.J.B㎝natt,and Y.Y.Ling.1998.Identification and ana1ysis ofa Ca2+一
dependent1actoferrin receptor in rat1iver,p.113−121.In G.Spik et a1.(ed.),
Advances in1actoferrin research,P1enum Press,New York.
McCombs,J.L.,C.T.Teng,B.T.P㎝tecost,V.L.Magnuson,C.M.Moore,and J.R.
McGi11.1988.Chromosoma11oca1ization ofhuman1actotransferrin gene(lLTF)by in
situ hybridization.Cytogenet.Ce11Genet.47二16−17.McMaster,M.T.,C.T.T㎝g,S.K.Dey,and G・K・Andrews・1992・Lactoferrin in the mouse utems:ana1ysis of the preimp1antation period and regu1ation by ovarian
steroids.Mol.Endocrino1.6:101−111.
Mc1augh1in,J.1987.〃∫cぴ加monocゾ。gem∫・rec㎝t advances in the taxonomy and
・pid・mi・1・gy・f1i・t・・i・・i・i・h・m…J・ApPl・B・・t・・i・1・63:1−11・
Mead,P.E.,andJ.W.Tweedie.1990.cDNA and protein sequ㎝ce ofbovine1actoferrin・
Nuc1.Acids Res.18:7167.
Mehrazar・K・・A・Gi1man−Sachs,and Y.B.購m.1993.Intcstinal absorption of immunO10gica11y intact macromoIecu1es in germfree co1ostrum−deprived pig1cts
maintaincd on tota1parentera1nutrition.J.Parenter.Entera1.Nutr.17:8−15.Metz−Boutigue・M・一H・,J・Jo11らs,J.Mazurier,F.Schoentgcn,P.Legrand,G.Spik,J.
Montrcuiしand P.Jouらs.1984.Human1actotransferrin:animo acid scquence and structura1comparisons with other transferrins.Eur.J.Biochem.145:659−676.
Miyata,T.,T.Fujimura,M.Masuzawa,K.Katsuoka,and S.Nishiyama.1996.Loca1 expression of IFN−Y mRNA in skin1esion of patients with dematophytosis.J.
Dermato1.Sci.13:167−171.
Miyauchi,H.,A.Kaino,I.Shinoda,Y.Fukuwatari,and H.Hayasawa.1997.
Immunomodu1atory effect of bovine1actoferrin pepsin hydro1ysate on murine
sp1enocytcs and peyer s patch ce11s.J.Dairy Sci.80:2330−2339.Miyauchi,H.,S.Hashimoto,M.Nakajima,I.Shinoda,Y.Fukuwatari,andH.Hayasawa.
1998.Bovine1actoferrin stimu1ates the phagocytic activity of human ncutrophi1s:
identification of its active domain.Ce11.Immuno1,187:34−37.
Miyazaki,S.,Y.Harada,A.Tsuji,and S.Goto.1991.In vivo combined effects of 1actoferrin(LF)and drugs on bacteria1infections in mice・Chemotherapy(T;okyo)・
39:829_835.
Montreui1,J.,J.Tonne1at,and S.Mu11eし1960・Pr6paration et propri6tξs de1a 1actosid6rophi1inc(1actotransferrine)du1ait de femmc・Biochim・Biophys・Acta・
45:413_421.
Mosmam,T.R.,and R.L.Coffman.1989・TH1and TH2ce11s:Different pattems of
1ymphokine secretion1ead to different functiona1properties・Amu・Rev・Immuno1・
7:145_173.
N・g…k・・Y・H・S・it・・YT・m・・,S・Shim・m…,・・dM.T・mit・.1993.1…一bi・di・g
properties of bovine1actoferrin in iron−rich so1ution.J.Dairy Sci.,76:1876−1881.Nagasawa,T・,I.Kiyosawa,and K.Kuwahara.1972.Amounts of1actoferrin in human
co1ostrum and mi1k.J.Dairy Sci.55:1651−1659.Naidu,A.S.,and R.R.Amo1d.1994.Lactoferrin interaction with∫〃mone αe
pot㎝tiates antibiotic susceptibi1ity in vitro.Diagn.Microbio1.Infcct.Dis.20:69−75.
Nakajima,M.,H.Iwamoto,T.Shirasawa,H.Miyauchi,Z.Takatsu,N.Yamazaki,S.
Teraguchi,and H.Hayasawa.1999.Ora1administration of1actofcrrin enhances the
productionsofIFN−YandIL−10insp1eence11scu1turedwithconcanava1inAor
1ipopo1ysaccharide.Biomcd.Res.20:27_33.
Nakano,M.,and T.Sakurai.1990.Lipid peroxidation by che1ated iron compounds.
Yukagaku39:784−790.
Nationa1Committ㏄for C1inica1Laboratory Standards.1995.Refcrence method for
broth di1ution antifunga1susceptibi1ity testing of yeasts.Tentative standard M27−T.
Nationa1Committee for C1inica1Laboratory Standards,Vi11anova,Pa.
Niidome,T.,K.Okamoto,R.Kawakami,N.Ohmori,H.Mihara,and H.Aoyagi.1996.
Interaction of1ipophi1ized mastoparan with phospho1ipid membranes.Pept.Chem.
33:217_220.
Nikawa,H.,L.P.Samaranayake,J.Tenovuo,K.M・Pang,and T.Hamada,1993.The fungicida1effect of human1actoferrin on Cma〃。α伽。舳∫and Cα〃泌α伽〃∫eゴ.
Aエ。h.Ora1Bio1.38:1057−1063.
Niwano,Y.,T.Tabuchi,K.Kanai,H.Hamaguchi,K・Uchida,and H・Yamaguchi.1995.
Shoれ一tem topica1therapy of experimenta1tinea pedis in guinea pigs with
1anoconazo1e・a new imidazo1e antimycotic agcnt.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.
39:2353_2355.
Odds・F・C・1988・C伽a〃。 and candidosis:a review and bib1iography,2nd cd.Ba11icre
Tinda11,London.Odds,F・C・,A.Cockaync,J.Hayward,and A.B.Abbott.1985.Effects ofimidazo1e−and triazo1e−derivativc antifunga1compounds on the growth and morpho1ogica1
deve1opm㎝t ofC伽d肋α倣。m∫hyphae.J.G㎝.Microbio1,131:2581−2589.
Odds,F.C.,J.Schmid,and D.R.So1L1990.Epidemio1ogy of C伽〃∂αinfections in AIDS,p.67−74.In H.Vanden Bossche et a1.(ed.),Mycoses in AIDS patients.
P1emm Press,New York.
Ode11,E.W一,R.Sarra,M.Foxworthy,D.S.Chapp1e,and R.W.Evans.1996.
Antibacteria1activity ofpeptides homo1ogous to a1oop region in human Iactoferrin.
FEBS Lett.382:175−178.
Okutom1,T,S Abe,S Tansho,H」螂,K.Kawase,and H.Yamaguch11997.
Augmentcd inhibition of growth of Cma〃。 o伽。αn∫by neutrophi1s in the presence
oflactoferrin.FEMS Immmo1.Med.Microbio1.18:105−112.
Pa1ma,C.,A.Cassone,D.Serbousek,C.A−Pearson,and J.Y Djeu.1992a.Lactoferrin re1ease and inter1eukin−1,inter1eukin−6,and tumor necrosis factor production by human po1ymorphocuc1car ce11s stimu1ated by various 1ipopo1ysaccharidcs:
re1ationship to growth inhibition of C舳a〃αα伽。舳∫・Infect・Immun・60:4604−
4611.
Pa1ma,C.,D.Serbousek,A.Torosantucci,A・Cassone,and J・Y・Djeu・1992b・
Identification of a mamoprotein fraction from Cma αo伽。ms that enhances
human po1ymorphomc1ear1eukocyte(PMNL)functions and stimu1ates1actoferrin
in PMNLinhibition ofcandida1growth.J.Infect.Dis.166:1103−1n2.
Pcrraudin・J・P一・and J・P・Priee1s・1982.Lactoferrin binding to 1ysozyme−trcated Mた70cocc〃∫Z〃ω∫.Biochim.Biophys.Acta.718:42−48.
Prasad・R・・P・de Wergifosse,A・Go血eau,and E.Ba1zi.1995,Mo1ecu1ar c1oning and characterization of a nove1gcne of C伽a〃αα伽。m∫,CDR1,conferring mu1tip1e
resistance to drugs and antifunga1s.Curr.Genet.27:320−329.Rado,T.A.,J.BoIlekcns,G.St.Laurent,L.Parker,and E.J.Benz Jr.1984.し。toferrin biosynthesis during granu1ocytopoiesis.B1ood.64:1103−1109.
Reiter,B.1983.The bio1ogical significance of1actoferrin.Int.J.Tissue React.5:87−96.
Rex,J.H.,M.G.Rina1di,and M.A.Pfa11er−1995.Resistance of C伽∂肋specics to nuconazo1c.Antimicrob.Agents Chemother.39:1−8.
Roberts,T.K.,and J.C.Boursne11.1975.The iso1ation and characterization of1actoferrin
from sow mi1k and boar semina1p1asma.J.Reprod.Fcrti1.42:579−582.
Rogers,H.J.,and C.Synge.1978.Bactcriostatic effect of human mi1k on万∫c加7た〃α
co〃:the roIe of IgA.Immuno1ogy.34:19−28.Rose,T.M.,G.D.P1owman,D.B.Tep1ow,W.J.Dreyer,K.E.He11strom,andJ.P.Brown.
1986.Primary structure of the human me1anoma−associated antigen p97 (me1anotransferrin)deduced from the mRNA sequence.Proc.NatL Acad.Sci.USA.
83:1261_1265.
Rosenow,E.M.,and E.H.Marth.1987.Growth of〃∫cぴ加monoψogene∫in skim,
who1e,and choco1ate mi1k and in whipPing cream during incubation at4,8,13,21,
and35◎C.J.Food Prot.50:452−459.
Ruhnke,M.,A.Schmidt−Westhausen,and M・Trautmam・1997・In vitro activities of
voriconazo1e(UK−109,496)against nuconazo1e−susceptib1e and−resistant Cma〃α
α伽。舳∫iso1ates from ora1cavities of patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.Antimicrob.Agents Chcmother.41:575−577.
Ryser,E・T・,and E・H・Marth.1987.Surviva1of〃∫cぴ加mo〃。cゾ。8e〃e∫in co1d−Pack
cheese food during rcfrigerated strage.J.Food Prot.51:615−621.Sawatzki,G.,and B.Kubanek.1983.Iso1ation and ELISA of mouse and human 1actoferrin.p.441−443.In L Urushizaki,P.んsen,I.Listowsky,and J.W.Drysda1e,
(eds),Structure and Function of Iron Storage and Transport Protein,E1sevier,
Amsterdam.
Sawatzki,G.,and I.N.Rich.1989.Lactofcrrin stimu1atcs co1ony stimu1ating factor
production in vitro and in vivo.B1ood Ce11s.15:371−385.Sch1ech,W.F.,P.M.Lavigne,R.A.Borto1ussi,A.C.Anen,E.V.Ha1dane,A.J.Wort,
A.W.Hightower,S.E.Johnson,S.H.King,E.S.Nicho11s,and C.V.Broome.1983.
Epidemic1istcriosis_evidence for transmission by food.N.Eng1.J.Med.308:203−
206.
Shimizu,K.,H.Matsuzawa,K.Okada,S.Tazume,S.Dosako,Y Kawasaki,K−
Hashimoto,and Y.Koga.1996.Lactoferrin−mediated protection of the host from murine cytomega1ovirus infection by a T−ce11−dependent augmcntation of natura1
ki11er ce11activity.Aエ。h.Viro1,141:1875−1889.Shinmoto,H.,S.Dosako,and I.Nakajima.1992.Anti−oxidant activity of bovine 1actoferrin on iron/ascorbate induced 1ipid peroxidation・Biosci・BiotechnoL Biochem.56:2079−2080.
Shinoda,I.,M.Takase,Y.Fukuwatari,S・Shimamura・M・K611er・and W・Kδnig・1996・
Effects of1actofe汀in and1actoferricin on the re1ease of intcr1eukin8from human
P・1ym・・ph・…1…1・・k・・yt…Bi…i・Bi・t・・h・・LBi・・h・m・60:521 523・S1ater,K・,and J・F1etcher・1987.Lactoferrin derived from neutrophi1s inhibits the mixed
1ymphocyte reaction.B1ood.69:1328−1333.
Soukka,T・,J・Tenovuo,and M.L㎝ander−Lumikari.1992.Fungicida1effect of human
1actoferrin against C伽a〃α〃わたαn∫.FEMS Microbio1.Lett.69:223−228.Stout,R.D.,and K.Bottom1y.1989.Antigen−specific activation of effector macrophages by IFN−Y producing(TH1)T ce11c1ones.Fai1ure of IL−4−producing (TH2)T ce11c1ones to activate effector function in macrophages.J.Immuno1,
142:760_765.
Suzuki,T.,M.Nonaka,I.購yosawa,and S.Ogasa.1977.Lactoferrin contents in bovine
co1ostrum and mi1k.J.Jpn.Soc.Nutr.Food Sci.30:317−322.S6nchcz,L.,M.Ca1vo,J.H.Brock.1992.Bio1ogica1ro1e of1actofcrrin.Arch.Dis.Chi1d−
67:657_661.
Tagami,H.1985.Epidcrma1ce11pro1iferation in guinea pigs with cxperimenta1 dermatophytosis.J.Invcst.DermatoL85:153−155.
Tansho,S.,T.Tansho,T.Ikeda,P.D.Perera,S.Abe,and H.Yamaguchi.1996.
Augm㎝tation of anti−Cma吻activity of1anoconazo1e by1ysozyme.Jpn.J.Med.
MycoL37:245−249.
T・・g,C.T.1994.L・・t・f…i・g…p・・m・t・・i・h・m・…dm・・…P・183−196・I・T・W・
Hutchens et a1.(ed.),Lactoferrin:structure and function・P1enum Press・New York・