2 4 6 8
Concentr ation of sper matozoa (x 10
6 )
Voltage in electroejaculation
㻌**
㻌Fig. 11 Semen collection rate (A) and concentrations of spermatozoa (B) on various load voltages in electroejaculation using 71 male red foxes. The number of foxes enabling semen collection was 6, 19, and 22 males in 3 V, 4 V, and 5 V loads, respectively. **P < 0.01 (Steel test). 㻌
39
0 20 40 60 80
Frozen- 㻌 thawed semen 㻌 th
Fresh 㻌 semen 㻌
V iability index of sperm atozoa 㻌
**
㻌Fig. 12. Viability index of spermatozoa in frozen-thawed semen of male red foxes. The viability index of spermatozoa was assessed before freezing (fresh semen) and after thawing of frozen semen (frozen-thawed semen). **P < 0.01 vs. fresh semen (Student’s t-test, n = 20).㻌
40
➨
➨4❶㻌 䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛾⮬↛㓄䛸ேᕤᤵ⢭䛻䛚䛡䜛ཷ⫾䝥䝻䝣䜯䜲䝹
1. ᗎㄽ
ⶶ⋤䜻䝒䝛ᮧ䛾䜘䛖䛺㛢㙐⎔ቃୗ䛷⩌㣫⫱䛥䜜䛯䜻䝒䝛䛷䛿䠈ᤵ⢭⬟ຊ䜔ཷ⫾⋡䛾ྥୖ
䜢ᅗ䜚䛴䛴䠈ᗣ䛺ぶ䜻䝒䝛 䠄➨ 1 ❶䠅 䛛䜙ẖᖺ᪂⏕Ꮚ䜢ィ⏬ⓗ䛻⏘ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜㔜せ䛺
⟶⌮Ⅼ䛷䛒䜛䚹㛤ᮧᙜึ䛿⮬↛㓄䜢୰ᚰ䛸䛧䛶䠈ཷ⫾䜢᪩ᮇ䛻᳨▱䛩䜛䛯䜑Ꮚᐑ㢕⟶⢓
ᾮ㟁Ẽᢠ䠄VER䠅್䜔ᑿᣢ⥆㛫䛻╔┠䛧᳨ウ䜢㔜䛽䛶䛝䛯䠄➨ 2 ❶䠅䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈⮬↛
㓄䛷䛿ඃ⚽䛺✀㞝䜻䝒䝛䜢ከᩘ䠈⥔ᣢ䛧☜ಖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ά⏝
䛻↔Ⅼ䜢ᙜ䛶䛶᳨ウ䜢㐍䜑䛶䛝䛯䠄➨3❶䠅䚹䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛛䜙䛾⢭ᾮ᥇ྲྀ䛻䛚䛡䜛
┤⭠㟁Ẽ่⃭䛾᮲௳タᐃ䛸∵⏝⢭ᾮᕼ㔘ᾮ䛜䜻䝒䝛⏝⢭ᾮᕼ㔘ᾮ䛻௦䜟䜚ᕼ㔘ቑ㔞䞉
⤖ಖᏑ䛻⏝䛷䛝䜛䛛䜢᳨ド䛧䠈䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛷䛾ேᕤᤵ⢭ἲ䛾᳨ウ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹
ᮏ❶䛷䛿䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛾ᚋ䛾⦾Ṫ◊✲䛾୍ຓ䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻ᚓ䜙䜜䛯⮬↛
㓄䝕䞊䝍䠄ᐇᮇ㛫䠖2012䡚2017 ᖺ䠅䛸ேᕤᤵ⢭䝕䞊䝍䠄2015䡚2017 ᖺ䠅䛻䛚䛡䜛ཷ⫾⋡䠈 ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃᪂⏕Ꮚᩘ䛾ཷ⫾䝥䝻䝣䜱䝹䜢ᅇ㢳ⓗ䠄retrospective䠅䛻ゎᯒ䛧䛯䚹≉䛻⮬↛
㓄䛷䛿ྠ୍㞝䜻䝒䝛䛸1䡚3ᅇᑿ䠄᭱3ᅇ䠅䛥䛫䛶䠈ᑿᅇᩘẖ䛾ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ 䜃᪂⏕Ꮚᩘ䜢ồ䜑䛯䚹䜎䛯䠈⮬↛㓄䛾 1 ᅇ䛷ᑿ䛜ᡂ❧䛧䛯㞤䛛䜙䛾ཷ⫾䛸㠀ཷ⫾䝕䞊 䝍䛛䜙ᑿᣢ⥆㛫䜢㞟ィ䛧䛶䠈➨ 2 ❶䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯⤖ᯝ䠄ᑿᣢ⥆㛫䛛䜙ཷ⫾ண 䛾ጇ ᙜᛶ䠅䛾䛵䛡᳨ド䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䛥䜙䛻䠈⮬↛㓄䛸ேᕤᤵ⢭䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘㛫䛷ཷ⫾
䝥䝻䝣䜱䝹䛻ᕪ␗䛜䛒䜛䛛䜒ゎᯒ䜢䛧䛯䚹
䛺䛚䠈㞤䜻䝒䝛䛿ศፔ 2䡚3 ᪥๓䛛䜙ศፔᚋ 5 ᪥㛫䛿့⫱⟽䛛䜙䜋䛸䜣䛹እ䛻ฟ䛪䠈᥇ 㣵䜒䛫䛪䠈့⫱⟽䛾୰䛷ᶓ䛻䛺䛳䛶㐣䛤䛩䛯䜑䠈ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿 Pyykönen 䜙 [45-47] 䛜ሗ࿌
䛧䛶䛔䜛䝇䝖䝺䝇䜢㍍ῶ䛧䠈䝠䝖䛸䛾᥋ゐ䜢ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚పῶ䛷䛝䜛 3 ᐊᵓ㐀䛾ศፔ့⫱⟽
䠄nursery box䠅䜢⮬స䛧䛶⏝䛔䛯䚹
41
2.㻌 ᮦᩱཬ䜃᪉ἲ 2-1㻌 ౪ヨື≀
ᐇ㦂䛻䛿ⶶ⋤䜻䝒䝛ᮧ䛻㣫㣴䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ᗣ䛺㞤㞝䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹
⮬↛㓄䛻䛿㞤䜻䝒䝛䜢98 㢌 䠄ᖺ㱋19~57䞄᭶㱋䠈య㔜8䡚11 kg䠅 䛸㞝䜻䝒䝛45㢌
䠄ᖺ㱋 19~57 䞄᭶㱋䠈య㔜㻌 9䡚11 kg䠅 䜢⏝䛧䛯䚹㞝䜻䝒䝛䛿䝜䝹䜴䜵䞊䛛䜙ᑟධ䛧䛯✀
㞝ཬ䜃䛭䛾➨୍ཬ䜃➨ୡ௦䜢㑅ᢤ䛧䛯䚹㓄⬟ຊ䛿๓䛻㟁Ẽ่⃭ᑕ⢭ჾ 䠄“➨ 3 ❶㻌 2-2 ⢭ᾮ䛾᥇ྲྀ”䛾㡯ཧ↷䠅 䛻䜘䜚⢭ᾮ䜢᥇ྲྀ䛧䠈⢭Ꮚᩘ䛸άຊ᳨ᰝ䛷☜ㄆ䛧䛯䚹ᐇ㦂䛿 2012䡚2017ᖺ䛾2䡚3᭶䛻⾜䛳䛯䚹
ேᕤᤵ⢭䛻䛿㞤䜻䝒䝛䜢 34㢌 䠄ᖺ㱋19~57䞄᭶㱋䠈య㔜 8䡚11 kg䠈“➨3❶” 䛷⏝䛔 䛯㞤䜻䝒䝛䛸䛿㔜」䛧䛺䛔䠅 䜢⏝䛧䛯䚹⤖⢭ᾮ䛿 “➨ 3 ❶ 2-4” 䛷సᡂ䛧䛯㞝䜻䝒䝛 11㢌ศ䜢⏝䛧䛯䚹ᐇ㦂䛿2015䡚2017ᖺ䛾2䡚3᭶䛻⾜䛳䛯䚹
㣫⫱᮲௳䛿 “➨ 1 ❶ 2-1” 䛸ྠᵝ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛩䜉䛶䛾ᐇ㦂䛿ື≀ᐇ㦂䛻㛵䛩䜛ᣦ㔪 [38]
䜢ᇶ䛻ᐑᇛⶶ⋤䜻䝒䝛ᮧ䛾㣫⫱䠈⟶⌮ཬ䜃⏝つᐃ䛻ᚑ䛳䛶⾜䛳䛯䚹㻌
2-2㻌 ⮬↛㓄
㠀⦾Ṫᮇ 䠄4᭶䛛䜙12᭶䠅 䛻䛿㞝㞤ู䚻䛻」ᩘ䛾ᑠ⯋ 䠄200 cm × 500 cm䠅 䛷㣫⫱䛧䠈
⦾Ṫᮇ 䠄1 ᭶䛛䜙 3 ᭶䠅 䛻䛿 2䡚3 㢌䛾㞝䛸 8䡚10 㢌䛾㞤䜢ྠᒃ䛥䛫䠈䝡䝕䜸䝰䝙䝍䞊
ୗ䛷ᑿ⾜ື䜢ほᐹ䛧䛯䚹㞝䜻䝒䝛䛜≉ᐃ䛾㞤䜻䝒䝛䜢㏣䛔ጞ䜑䛯Ⅼ䛷㞤䜻䝒䝛䜢ᤕ⋓
䛧㓄䜿䞊䝆 䠄90 cm × 120 cm × 60 cm䠅 䛻⛣䛧䛯䚹⛣ື䛥䛫䛯᪥䛛䜙㐃᪥༗๓ 8䡚10 䛻 VER ್䜢 ᐃ䛧䠈VER ್䛜 300 units 䜢㉸䛘䛯Ⅼ䛷䠈㞝䜻䝒䝛䜢䝨䜰䛸䛧䛶ྠᒃ䛥䛫 䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈ྠᒃᚋ㜚த䜢ጞ䜑䛯ሙྜ䜔㞤䜻䝒䝛䛜ᑿ䜢୧ᚋ⫥䛻ධ䜜ᑿ䜢ᣄྰ䛧䛯ሙྜ
䛻䛿䠈ู䛾㞝䜻䝒䝛䜢㑅䜃ྠᒃ䛥䛫䛯䚹ᑿ䛾ᡂ❧䛿⭐䝇䝯䜰䞊୰䛾⢭Ꮚ䛾᭷↓䛷ุ᩿䛧 䛯䠄䠍ᅇᑿ䠈once copulation䠅䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈1ᅇᑿᚋ䛾㞤䛾 VER 䛜 300 units 䜢㉸䛘䛶䛔䛯 ሙྜ䛻䛿ྠ୍㞝䛸 2 ᅇ 䠄2ᅇᑿ䚸twice copulation䠅䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛥䜙䛻 VER 䛜 300 units䜢
㉸䛘䛶䛔䛯ሙྜ䛻䛿᭱3ᅇ 䠄3ᅇᑿ䠈thrice copulation䠅 䜎䛷㓄䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹1ᅇ, 2 ᅇ ཬ䜃 3 ᅇᑿ䛾㛫㝸䛿 24 㛫䛒䛡䛯䚹䛺䛚䠈⮬↛㓄䛾 1 ᅇᑿ䛷䛿ᑿᣢ⥆㛫䜢
42
ᐃ䛧䠄➨2❶ 2-1-3 ཧ↷䠅䠈ཷ⫾䛸㠀ཷ⫾ู䛻㞟ィ䛧䛯䚹
2-3㻌 ேᕤᤵ⢭
ேᕤᤵ⢭䛿 “➨ 3 ❶ 2-2䡚2-4” 䛷సᡂ䛧䛯⤖⢭ᾮ䜢⏝䛔䠈㞤䜻䝒䝛䛾 VER ್䛜
300 units䜢㉸䛘䛯Ⅼ䛸䛭䛾24 㛫ᚋ䛾ィ2ᅇேᕤᤵ⢭䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹㞤䜻䝒䝛䛾㑅ูᇶ‽
䜢“VER್300 units㉸䛘” 䛻タᐃ䛧䛯⌮⏤䛿䠈ձ㻌 ⮬↛㓄䛾ཷ⫾䛻ᚲせ䛺VER㜈್䛿
280 units ๓ᚋ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䛣䛸䠄➨ 2 ❶䠅䠈ղ㻌 ேᕤᤵ⢭䜢䜘䜚ཝ䛧䛔᮲௳ୗ䠄VER
350 units ௨ୖ䠅䛷⾜䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈Ⰻዲ䛺ཷ⫾⋡䠄13/16㢌䠅䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛣䛸䠄➨3❶䠅䜢⪃៖䛧䠈
䛥䜙䛻䜘䜚ከ䛟䛾㞤䜻䝒䝛䛻ேᕤᤵ⢭䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹
2-4㻌 ⮬↛㓄䛸ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ
⮬↛㓄䛒䜛䛔䛿ேᕤᤵ⢭䛜⤊䛧䛯㞤䜻䝒䝛䛿䠈┤䛱䛻ග䜢㐽᩿䛧䛯ศፔ့⫱⟽
䠄“➨ 2❶ 2-1-2” ཧ↷䠅 䛻⛣ື䛥䛫䠈ศፔ 4 㐌 䠄㞳ங䠅 ᚋ䜎䛷ᗣ≧ែ䠈ὶ⏘䜔Ṛ⏘䠈 ಖ⫱୰䛾Ṛஸ䛻䛴䛔䛶䝡䝕䜸䜹䝯䝷䛷⥅⥆ⓗ䛻䝰䝙䝍䞊䛧䛯䚹⮬↛㓄䛒䜛䛔䛿ேᕤᤵ⢭
䛾ཷ⫾⋡䛿ୗグ䛾ᘧ䛷ồ䜑䛯䚹㻌
ཷ⫾⋡䠄%䠅 = 䠄ศፔ䛧䛯㞤䜻䝒䝛䛾㢌ᩘ / ᐇ㦂䛻౪䛧䛯㞤䜻䝒䝛䛾㢌ᩘ䠅 x 100
ዷፎᮇ㛫䛿⮬↛㓄䛷䛿᭱⤊㓄᪥䛛䜙䠈ேᕤᤵ⢭䛷䛿⢭ᾮ䜢ὀධ䛧䛯᭱ᚋ䛾᪥䛛䜙䠈 䛭䜜䛮䜜ᕢ⟽䛷Ꮚ䜻䝒䝛䛾㬆䛝ኌ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䛯᪥䜎䛷䛸䛧䛯䚹⏘Ꮚᩘ䛿ศፔᚋ 4 㐌㛫䜢⤒
㐣䛧䛯ᚋ䛻㞳ங䛧䛯Ꮚ䜻䝒䝛䛾ᩘ䛸䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺㓄៖䛿䝇䝖䝺䝇䛜㞤ぶ䜻䝒䝛䛻䛛䛛䜛䛸
Ꮚẅ䛧 [2, 4] 䛜㉳䛣䜛䛯䜑䛷䛒䜛䚹
䛺䛚䠈⮬↛㓄䛷䛿 1䡚3 ᅇᑿ 䛾䛭䜜䛮䜜䛷ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ䜢ồ䜑䜛
䛸䛸䜒䛻1䡚3ᅇ 䜢ຍ⟬ 䠄total䠅 䛧䛯䠄⥲䠅ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ䜒⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹
2-5 ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘㛫䛾ゎᯒ
⮬↛㓄䛻䛚䛡䜛1ᅇᑿ䠈2ᅇᑿཬ䜃3ᅇᑿ 䛸ேᕤᤵ⢭䛻䛚䛡䜛ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘䠄㐣
43
ཤ1䡚2 ᅇ䛾ศፔ⤒㦂䠅䛾ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛯䚹
2-6㻌 ⤫ィゎᯒ
ᩘ್䝕䞊䝍䛿ᖹᆒ್ ± ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ䠄mean ± SEM䠅䛷⾲䛧䛯䚹2 ⩌㛫䛾⤫ィゎᯒ䛿
Student䛾t᳨ᐃ䠈3 ⩌㛫䛿Steel᳨ᐃ䛷䠈ཷ⫾⋡䠄%䠅䛿Chi-square ᳨ᐃ䛷⾜䛔䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒
P < 0.05 䜢᭷ព䛸䛧䛯䚹
3. ⤖ᯝ
3-1 ⮬↛㓄ཬ䜃ேᕤᤵ⢭䛻䛚䛡䜛ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ 䠄Table 6䠅
䝡䝕䜸䝰䝙䝍䞊ୗ䛾ほᐹ䛷䛿ཷ⫾䛛䜙㞳ங䜎䛷䛾ᮇ㛫䠈ὶ⏘䜔Ṛ⏘䠈့⫱୰䛾Ṛஸ䞉ᨺ Რ䛿䜏䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
⮬↛㓄䛾⥲ཷ⫾⋡ 67.7% 䠄65/96 㢌䠅䛿ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ཷ⫾⋡82.4% 䠄28/34 㢌䠅䛻ẚ䜉 䜔䜔ప䛛䛳䛯䛜⤫ィᏛⓗ䛻ᕪ䛿䜏䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹ዷፎᮇ㛫 䠄52䡚56 ᪥䠅ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ䠄3䡚 5 㢌䠅 䛿୧⩌㛫䛻ᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
⮬↛㓄䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ྠ୍㞝䛸䛾 3 ᅇᑿ䛷䛾ཷ⫾⋡ 85.7% 䠄24/28 㢌䠅䛿䠈1 ᅇᑿ 䛾 55.8% 䠄24/43 㢌䠅䜔 2ᅇᑿ 䛾 68.0% 䠄17/25 㢌䠅 䛻ẚ䜉㧗䛔ഴྥ䛻䛒䜚䠈1ᅇ䛸3 ᅇᑿ㛫䛻䛿᭷ពᕪ䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛯䚹ዷፎᮇ㛫 䠄52䡚56 ᪥䠅ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ 䠄3䡚5 㢌䠅䛿
ᑿᅇᩘ䛾ᙳ㡪䛜䜏䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
⮬↛㓄䛾1ᅇᑿ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ཷ⫾ಶయ䛾ᑿᣢ⥆㛫 42.3 ± 2.4 ศ䠄n = 24䠅䛿㠀
ཷ⫾ಶయ䛾25.7 ± 1.1 ศ䠄n = 19䠅䛻ẚ䜉᭷ព䠄P < 0.01䠅䛻㛗䛛䛳䛯䚹
3-2 ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘䛻䛚䛡䜛ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃⏘Ꮚᩘ 䠄Fig. 13䠅
⮬↛㓄䛾ศፔ㢌ᩘ 䠄total䠅䛿 65 㢌䠄ึ⏘㻌 30 㢌䠈⤒⏘㻌 35 㢌䠅䠈ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ศፔ 㢌ᩘ 䛿28㢌䠄ึ⏘㻌 12㢌䠈⤒⏘ 16㢌䠅䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹
⮬↛㓄䛷䛾ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘䛾ෆヂ䛿1ᅇᑿ 䛷ึ⏘㻌 12㢌䠈⤒⏘㻌 12㢌 䠄ィ24 㢌䠅䠈 2ᅇᑿ 䛷ึ⏘㻌 5㢌䠈⤒⏘㻌 12㢌 䠄ィ17 㢌䠅䠈3ᅇᑿ 䛷䛿ึ⏘㻌 13㢌䠈⤒⏘㻌 11㢌
44
䠄ィ 24 㢌䠅䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘㛫䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈ཷ⫾⋡䛸ዷፎᮇ㛫䛻䛿ᕪ䛿ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳 䛯䠄Fig. 1A 䛸 1B䠅䚹⏘Ꮚᩘ䛿 1 ᅇᑿ 䠄ึ⏘㻌 3.9 㢌 vs. ⤒⏘㻌 3.5 㢌䠅䠈2 ᅇᑿ 䠄ึ
⏘㻌 5.2 㢌 vs. ⤒⏘㻌 3.8 㢌䠅ཬ䜃 3 ᅇᑿ䠄ึ⏘㻌 4.8㢌 vs. ⤒⏘㻌 3.8㢌䠅䛸䜒ึ⏘䛷᭷
ព䛻㧗䛛䛳䛯䠄Fig. 13C䠅䚹
4. ⪃ᐹ
䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛾ᚋ䛾⦾Ṫ◊✲䛾୍ຓ䛻䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈2012䡚2017 ᖺ䛾 6 ᖺ㛫䛻ⶶ⋤䜻䝒 䝛ᮧ䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯⮬↛㓄ཬ䜃ேᕤᤵ⢭䝕䞊䝍䜢ྲྀ䜚⧳䜑䠈ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫䛸᪂⏕Ꮚᩘ䛾
ཷ⫾䝥䝻䝣䜱䝹ཬ䜃ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘㛫䛾ཷ⫾䝥䝻䝣䜱䝹䛻䛴䛔䛶ᅇ㢳ⓗ䛻ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹
ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ཷ⫾⋡䛿⮬↛㓄䛾⥲ཷ⫾⋡䛻ẚ䜉㧗䛔ഴྥ䛻䛒䛳䛯䛜᭷ពᕪ䛿䜏䜙䜜 䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ཷ⫾⋡ 82.4% 䛿“➨ 3❶”䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯ཷ⫾⋡81.3䠂䠄13/16 㢌䠅䜢
䛵䛡䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈᪤ሗ [7, 14] 䛸䜒䜘䛟୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹⮬↛㓄䛾ཷ⫾⋡䛿ᑿᅇᩘ䛻౫ Ꮡ䛧䛶ୖ᪼ 䠄1ᅇᑿ55.8% → 2ᅇᑿ 68.0% → 3 ᅇᑿ85.7%䠅 䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈䛣䜜 䛿ᑿᅇᩘ䜢㔜䛽䜛䛣䛸䛷㞤䜻䝒䝛䛾ᛶᶵ⬟䛜่⃭䠈≉䛻ᑿ่⃭䛻䜘䜚䜶䝇䝖䝻䝆䜵䞁⃰
ᗘ䛜㧗䜎䜚䠈༸Ꮚ䛾ᡂ⇍䛻⧅䛜䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾㇟䛿䝬䜴䝇䛷䛾䝣䜵䝻䝰䞁 䝁䝭䝙䜿―䝅䝵䞁䛾 1 䛴䛸䛧䛶▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛 ”Vandenbergh ຠᯝ“ 䠄ᮍᡂ⇍㞤䛾⩌䜜䛻㞝䜢 ධ䜜䜛䛸ᛶᶵ⬟䛜่⃭䛥䜜ᛶᡂ⇍䛜ᛴ㏿䛻㧗䜎䜛䠅 [55] 䛻㢮ఝ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹䛔䛪䜜䛻䛧䛶䜒
ᚋ䠈㢌ᩘ䜢ቑ䜔䛧䛣䜜䜙௬ㄝ䜢᳨ド䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䚹
⮬↛㓄䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈1ᅇᑿ䛷䛾ᑿᣢ⥆㛫䛿ཷ⫾ಶయ䛾42.3 ± 2.4 ศ䛻ᑐ䛧䠈㠀
ཷ⫾ಶయ䛷25.7 ± 1.1 ศ䛷䛒䜚䚸ཷ⫾ಶయ䛷᭷ព䛻㛗䛟䠄ᘏ㛗䛧䠅䠈➨2❶䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯⤖ᯝ 䛸䜘䛟୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹
ዷፎᮇ㛫䛿䛶䛾ゎᯒ䛷 52䡚56 ᪥䠄ᖹᆒ 52 ᪥䠅䛻䛒䛳䛯䛜䠈䛣䜜䛿Ḣ䛛䜙䛾ከ䛟䛾 ሗ࿌ [7, 10, 14] 䛸䜋䜌୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹
⏘Ꮚᩘ 䛿 3䡚5 㢌䛸᪤ሗ [7, 14] 䛻ẚ䜉䜔䜔ከ䛔ഴྥ䛻䛒䛳䛯䚹Elmeros 䜙 [6] 䛻䜘 䜛䛸䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛾ᖹᆒ⏘Ꮚᩘ䛿 1.3䡚3.5 㢌䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈Ꮚᐑ䛻ṧ䜛⫾Ꮚ㊧䛿 5.2䡚11.2㻌 㢌ศ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䚹୍᪉䠈䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛸䛿ู⣔⤫䛾䝩䝑䜻䝵䜽䜻䝒䝛ᒓ䠄Alopex spp䠊䠅䛾blue
45
fox䛷䛿Ṛ⏘䛿2% ⛬ᗘ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ฟ⏕ᖹᆒ㻌 10.8㻌 㢌䛾᪂⏕Ꮚ䛜㞳ங䛻䛿7.8㻌 㢌䛻 ῶ䛳䛶䛔䛯䛸䛔䛖 [4]䚹䜎䛯䠈ฟ⏕ᚋṚஸ䛧䛯᪂⏕Ꮚ䛾80䠂䛜ฟ⏕ᚋ1㐌㛫௨ෆ䛻㉳䛣䛳䛯
䛸䛔䛖 [4]䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ሗ࿌䛿䠈ฟ⏕๓ᚋ䜔࿘⏘ᮇ䛻䛿Ṛஸᨾ䛜㉳䛣䜚᫆䛔䛣䛸䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹㻌
䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ཷ⫾䞉ศፔ䞉့⫱ᮇ㛫୰䛾⫾Ꮚ䞉᪂⏕Ꮚ䛾ṚஸᨾⓎ⏕䛻䛿䠈ᒃᐊ䜔㣫⫱⎔
ቃ䛜ᴟ䜑䛶㔜せ䛺せᅉ䛻䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䚹ᮏᐇ㦂䛷᥇⏝䛧䛯ศፔ့⫱⟽ 䠄ධཱྀ䛜䝖䞁䝛 䝹≧䛷ෆ㒊䛜 3䛴༊ษ䜙䜜䛻ග䜢㐽᩿䛧䛯ᵓ㐀䠅䛿䠈ධཱྀ䛜ᗈ䛟㒊ᒇ䛾༊ษ䛜䛺䛔ఏ
⤫ⓗ䛺ᕢ⟽䛻ẚ䜉䠈䝠䝖䛸䛾᥋ゐ䜢᭱ᑠ㝈䛻䛩䜛䜘䛖タィ [4, 45-47] 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛜
⏘Ꮚᩘ䛾ቑຍഴྥ䛻⧅䛜䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹
⮬↛㓄䛾ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘㛫䛷䛿⏘Ꮚᩘ䛜 1䡚3 ᅇᑿ䛸䜒ึ⏘䛷㧗䛛䛳䛯䠄Fig. 13C䠅䚹୍
⯡ⓗ䛻䠈ึ⏘䜻䝒䝛䛿့⫱⤒㦂䛜↓䛟䠈Ἢங㔞䜒ᑡ䛺䛟䠈࿘ᅖ䛾䝇䝖䝺䝇䛻䜒ᙅ䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜 䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ᮏᐇ㦂䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䛿୍㒊▩┪䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾⤖ᯝ䜢⪃䛘ྜ䜟䛫䜛䛸䠈 ᮏᐇ㦂䛷䜏䜙䜜䛯ኚ䛻䛿⤫ィᏛⓗ䛻䛿᭷ពᕪ䛜䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈䛔䛪䜜䜒ᑿᅇᩘ䛻౫Ꮡ 䛧䛶ቑຍ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䠈ୖ㏙䛧䛯⫼ᬒ⠊ᅖ 䠄⏘Ꮚᩘ䠖3䡚5 㢌䠅 ෆ䛾䝞䝷䝒䜻䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛 䜙䠈⮫ᗋᏛⓗព⩏䛿ᑡ䛺䛟അⓎⓗኚ䛸䜏䛺䛥䜜䜛䛛䜒䛧䜜䛺䛔䚹
5. ᑠᣓ
Ᏻᐃ䛧䛯⦾Ṫ䜢⾜䛖┠ⓗ䛷䚸2012䡚2017ᖺ䛾6ᖺ㛫䛻ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛾⮬↛㓄ཬ 䜃ேᕤᤵ⢭䝕䞊䝍䜢ྲྀ䜚⧳䜑ཷ⫾䝥䝻䝣䜱䝹䜢ᅇ㢳ⓗ䛻ゎᯒ䛧䛯䚹ேᕤᤵ⢭䛾ཷ⫾⋡
䠄82.4%䠅䛿⮬↛㓄 䠄1䡚3 ᅇᑿ䛾ᖹᆒ 67.7%䠅䛻ẚ䜉㧗䛔ഴྥ䛻䛒䛳䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䠈⮬↛
㓄䛷䛿ᑿ䜢⧞䜚㏉䛩䛸ཷ⫾⋡䛜ୖ᪼䛧䛯䚹⮬↛㓄ཬ䜃ேᕤᤵ⢭䛸䜒ึ⏘䛸⤒⏘㛫䛻
ཷ⫾⋡䠈ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬ䜃᪂⏕Ꮚᩘ䛾ཷ⫾䝥䝻䝣䜱䝹䛻ᕪ䛿䜏䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹௨ୖ䠈䛣䜜䜙 䛾ᡂ⦼䛿䜰䜹䜻䝒䝛䛾ᚋ䛾⦾Ṫ◊✲䛾୍ຓ䛻䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䚹
46
Breeding items No. of vixens used Conception rateb) (%)
Gestation period (days) 53.3 ± 0.2c) 52.1 ± 0.3# 52.4 ± 0.3 53 ± 0.2 53.1 ± 0.2 Litter size (cubs) 3.7 ± 0.2 4.2 ± 0.3 4.3 ± 0.2 4.1 ± 0.1 4.4 ± 0.2
43 25 28 34
55.8 68,0 85.7* 82.4
96 67.7 Table 6. Breeding profiles in vixens subjected to natural mating or artificial insemination
Once twice Thrice Total
Artificial insemination Natural matinga)
a) The coupling was attempted a maximum of three times with the same male.
b) No. of pregnancies / No. of vixens used
c) Values represent the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM).
#P < 0.05 vs. once copulation with natural mating (Steel test)
*P < 0.05 vs. once copulation with natural mating (Chi-squared test)
47
0 2 4 6 C
㻌Thrice
㻌Natural mating
㻌0
50 100
Conception rate (% )
㻌Once
㻌Twice
㻌Thrice
㻌AI
㻌Natural mating
㻌Total
㻌A
㻌B
㻌50 52 54
Once
㻌Twice
㻌Thrice
㻌AI
㻌Natural mating
㻌Total
㻌Gestation period (days)
㻌Litter size ( cubs )
㻌Once
㻌Twice
㻌Total
㻌AI
㻌#㻌
##㻌
#㻌 #㻌
Fig. 13. Comparison of conception rates (A), gestation periods (B), and litter sizes (C) between primiparous (open bars) and multiparous (gray bars) groups in once, twice and thrice natural matings, and between them with artificial insemination in vixens. #P < 0.05 and ##P <
0.01 vs. the primiparous group (Student’s t-test or Welch’s t-test)㻌
48
⥲ ⥲ ᣓ
ᡃࡀᅜ࠾࠸࡚࢝࢟ࢶࢿ㸦Vulpes vulpes㸧ࡢ⦾Ṫ㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌ࡣṤぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞
࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣᐑᇛⶶ⋤࢟ࢶࢿᮧ࡛ᒎ♧⩌㣫⫱ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢝࢟ࢶࢿࢆ⏝࠸࡚⦾Ṫᡂ⦼
ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ⫼ᬒࡸせᅉࢆ᫂ࡽࡋ㸪㑇ఏⓗከᵝᛶࡢ⥔ᣢᤵ⢭⬟ຊࡸཷ⫾⋡ࡢྥୖ
ࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࠋ
➨1❶࡛ࡣ㸪⦾Ṫ◊✲⏝ࡍࡿ㞤㞝࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡀᗣ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ
㸪㠀Ⓨᮇ㸦᥇⾑๓ 20 㛫⤯㣗㸧ࡢࣂࢱࣝࢧࣥ㸪⾑ᾮ᳨ᰝ㸪⾑ᾮจᅛ᳨ᰝཬ ࡧ⾑Ύ⏕Ꮫ᳨ᰝࡢᇶ‽್㸦⠊ᅖ㸧ࢆồࡵ㸪ྠࡌࢾ⛉࣭ࢾள⛉ᒓࡍࡿ≟ࡢཧ⪃
್ẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋ≟ࡢཧ⪃್ẚ㸪┤⭠ 㸦⠊ᅖ38.8㹼40.1°C㸧㸪㉥⾑⌫ᩘ㸦890㹼943
x104/μL㸧㸪ዲ㓟⌫ᩘ㸦3.0㹼21.4 x102/μL㸧㸪⾑Ύ୰ࢢࣝࢥ࣮ࢫ⃰ᗘ㸦112㹼169 mg/dL㸧㸪
ࣝࣈ࣑ࣥ⃰ᗘ㸦3.3㹼4.2 g/dL㸧ཬࡧᒀ⣲❅⣲⃰ᗘ㸦19㹼44 mg/dL㸧ࡣ㧗್㐓⬺㸪⾑Ύ
ࣈࢳࣜࣝࢥ࢚ࣜࣥࢫࢸ࣮ࣛࢮάᛶ㸦586㹼1015 IU/L㸧ࡣప್㐓⬺ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㞤㞝ᕪࡣ
࡚ࡢ᳨ᰝ㡯┠࡛ࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓ࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡢᇶ‽⠊ᅖࡣᗣ≧ែࡢᢕᥱ㸪
ᝈࡢ㢮㚷ูࡸ⒪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣண㜵⏝࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪≟࡛⏝ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ⮫ᗋ᳨ᰝᡭἲࡣ࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡶᛂ⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ
➨2❶࡛ࡣ㸪㞤࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡢⓎᚩೃ㓄㐺ᮇࢆእ㝜㒊ࡢ⫗║ᡤぢཬࡧᏊᐑ㢕⟶
⢓ᾮ㟁Ẽᢠ㸦VER㸧್ࡢ㛵ಀࡽホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ VER ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ཷ⫾⋡ࡢ㛵 㐃ᛶࢆㄪࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪ⓎᮇVER㧗್㸦350 units㸧ࢆ♧ࡍ㞤ࢆ㑅ูࡋ㸪ᑿ㸦ࢥ
ࢱࣝࣟࢵࢡ㸧ᣢ⥆㛫ཷ⫾⋡ࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪࡓࠋ㞤࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡢእ㝜㒊ࡢ
‵₶⭘⬽ࢆక࠺Ⓨᚩೃࡣẖᖺ2㹼3᭶ᮇほᐹࡉࢀ㸪VER್ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ್ࡣእ㝜㒊ࡢ
⭘⬽1㹼2᪥ᚋほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ㠀Ⓨࡢᇶ♏ VER್ࡣ140 units ๓ᚋ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ⓨ
ᮇࡢ VER ࡢࣆ࣮ࢡ㧗್ࡀཷ⫾ࡢ᮲௳⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋཷ⫾䛻ᚲせ䛺 VER 㜈್䛿 280
units ๓ᚋ䠄䛒䜛䛔䛿䛭䜜௨ୖ䠅䛸᥎ᐹ䛥䜜䛯䚹ࡲࡓ㸪ᑿᣢ⥆㛫ࡣ 40 ศࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ㧗
࠸ཷ⫾⋡ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪࢝࢟ࢶࢿ࡛ࡣⓎᮇ VER ࡀ㧗್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪
ᑿᣢ⥆㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿཷ⫾⋡ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇࡀ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
49
➨3❶࡛ࡣ㸪࢝࢟ࢶࢿ࠾ࡅࡿேᕤᤵ⢭ἲࡢ☜❧ࢆヨࡳࡓࠋࡲࡎ㞝࢟ࢶࢿࡽࡢ
⢭ᾮ᥇ྲྀࢆ┤⭠㟁Ẽ่⃭ᑕ⢭ἲ᳨࡛ウࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪∵⏝⢭ᾮᕼ㔘ᾮࡀ⢭ᾮࡢᕼ㔘ቑ㔞࣭
⤖ಖᏑᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ⢭ᾮ᥇ྲྀࡣ࿘Ἴᩘ 60 ࣊ࣝࢶ㸦Hz㸧㸪㟁ᅽ 3㹼4
࣎ࣝࢺ㸦V㸧࡛2㹼4 ࢧࢡࣝ㸦1 ⛊㏻㟁㸫1 ⛊ఇṆࡢ㛫㝸࡛㏻㟁ࡍࡿ᧯సࢆ1 ࢧ
ࢡࣝࡍࡿ㸧࡛Ⰻዲ࡞⢭ᾮ㔞㸦ᖹᆒ0.47 mL㸧㸪⢭Ꮚᩘ㸦ᖹᆒ592 x106 cells/mL㸧ཬࡧ
⢭Ꮚ⏕Ꮡᣦᩘ㸦ᖹᆒ 65㸧ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋᮏ᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢ⢭ᾮ᥇ྲྀ⋡ࡣ 66.2% ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ேᕤᤵ⢭ࡢࡓࡵࡢ⢭ᾮࡢㄪᩚᡭἲࡣᇶᮏⓗ∵࡛ࡢ⤖⢭ᾮసᡂἲ‽ࡌ࡚⾜ࡗ ࡓࠋ∵⏝⢭ᾮᕼ㔘ᾮࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⤖࣭⼥ゎ⢭ᾮ࡛ࡢཷ⫾⋡㸦81.3㸣㸧ࡣḢࡢ᪤ሗ୍
⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇࡽ㸪⢭ᾮ᥇ྲྀࡣ㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㟁Ẽ่⃭᮲௳ࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪∵⏝⢭
ᾮᕼ㔘ᾮࡣ࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡢேᕤᤵ⢭ᛂ⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡇࡀุ᫂ࡋࡓࠋ
➨ 4 ❶࡛ࡣ㸪2012㹼2017 ᖺࡢ 6 ᖺ㛫ⶶ⋤࢟ࢶࢿᮧ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡢ⮬↛
㓄ཬࡧேᕤᤵ⢭ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྲྀࡾ⧳ࡵࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢཷ⫾ࣉࣟࣇࣝࢆᅇ㢳ⓗゎᯒࡋࡓࠋ
⮬↛㓄࡛ࡣྠ୍㞝࢟ࢶࢿ᭱3ᅇࡲ࡛ᑿࡉࡏ㸪⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ⾜࠺ุ᩿ࡣ⭐ෆࡢ⢭Ꮚ
ࡢ᭷↓VER್㸦300 units ௨ୖ㸧࡛⾜ࡗࡓࠋᑿࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍཷ⫾⋡㸦1ᅇᑿ55.8%㸪
2ᅇᑿ68.0%㸪3ᅇᑿ85.7%㸧ࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋேᕤᤵ⢭ࡢཷ⫾⋡ 㸦82.4%㸧ࡣ⮬↛
㓄 㸦1䡚3 ᅇᑿ䛾ᖹᆒ 67.7%㸧ẚ㧗࠸ഴྥ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ዷፎᮇ㛫㸦52㹼53 ᪥㸧
᪂⏕Ꮚᩘ㸦3㹼4 㢌㸧ࡣᕪࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬↛㓄ཬࡧேᕤᤵ⢭ࡶ
ึ⏘⤒⏘ࡢ㛫ཷ⫾⋡㸪ዷፎᮇ㛫ཬࡧ᪂⏕Ꮚᩘࡢཷ⫾ࣉࣟࣇࣝࡣᕪࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞
ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᡂ⦼ࡣᡃࡀᅜ࠾ࡅࡿ࢝࢟ࢶࢿࡢᚋࡢ⦾Ṫ◊✲ࡢ୍ຓ࡞ࡿ
⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᒎ♧⩌㣫࠸࢝࢟ࢶࢿ࡛ࡢᇶ♏ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ⦾Ṫᡂ⦼ࡢ⥔
ᣢྥୖᐤࡍࡿࡶ㸪✀ࡢከᵝᛶ⥔ᣢࡶᙺ❧ࡘ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ