28. Cotter G, Metra M, Milo-Cotter O, et al. Fluid overload in acute heart failure-re-distribution and other mechanisms beyond fluid accumulation. Eur J Heart Fail 2008; 10: 165-169.
29. Tsuchihashi M, Tsutsui H, Kodama K, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure—a study in Fukuoka, Japan. Jpn Circ J 2000; 64: 953-959.
30. Abraham WT, Adams KF, Fonarow GC, et al. In-hospital mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure requiring intravenous vasoactive medications: an analysis from the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry (ADHERE). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 57-64.
31. Cuffe MS, Califf RM, Adams KF, Jr., et al. Short-term intravenous milrinone for acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002; 287:
1541-1547.
32. Cotter G, Metzkor E, Kaluski E, et al. Randomised trial of high-dose isosorbide dinitrate plus low-dose furosemide versus high-dose furosemide plus low-dose isosorbide dinitrate in severe pulmonary oedema. Lancet 1998; 351:
389-393.
33. Suwa M, Seino Y, Nomachi Y, et al. Multicenter prospective investigation on efficacy and safety of carperitide for acute heart failure in the ‘real world’ of therapy. Circ J 2005; 69: 283-290.
34. Saito Y, Nakao K, Nishimura K, et al. Clinical application of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in patients with congestive heart failure: beneficial effects on left ventricular function.
Circulation 1987; 76: 115-124.
35. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of heart failure. Report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). Circulation 1995; 92: 2764-2784.
36. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 Guideline Update for the Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): developed in collaboration with the American College of Chest Physicians and the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2005; 112: e154-235.
37. Field JM, Hazinski MF, Sayre MR, et al. Part 1: executive summary: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for C a r d i o p u l m o n a r y R e s u s c i t a t i o n a n d E m e rg e n c y Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122: S640-656.
38. Travers B, O’Loughlin C, Murphy NF, et al. Fluid restriction in the management of decompensated heart failure:
no impact on time to clinical stability. J Card Fail 2007; 13:
128-132.
39. Bibbins-Domingo K, Chertow GM, Coxson PG, et al.
Projected Effect of Dietary Salt Reductions on Future Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med 2010; 362: 590-599.
40. Swan JW, Anker SD, Walton C, et al. Insulin Resistance in Chronic Heart Failure: Relation to Severity and Etiology of Heart Failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 1997; 30: 527-532.
41. Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Varney S, et al. Wasting as independent risk factor for mortality in chronic heart failure.
Lancet 1997; 349: 1050-1053.
42. Ono H, Fujimoto H, Kobayashi Y, et al. Sleep Apnea Syndrome: Central Sleep Apnea and Pulmonary Hypertension Worsened during Treatment with Auto-CPAP, but Improved by Adaptive Servo-Ventilation. Inter Med 2010; 49: 415-421.
43. 牧田茂,佐藤真治,櫻田弘治,他.LVASを装着した難 治性心不全患者のリハビリテーション―CABG後患者と の運動耐容能の比較―.心臓リハビリテーション 2003;8:
26-28.
44. KT Weber, GT Kinasewitz, JS Janicki and AP Fishman.
Oxygen utilization and ventilation during exercise in patients with chronic cardiac failure. Circulation 1982; 65: 1213-1223.
45. Takano H, Adachi H, Ohshima S, et al. Functional mitral regurgitation during exercise in patients with heart failure.
Circ J 2006; 70: 1563-1567.
46. 循環器病の診断と治療に関するガイドライン.心血管疾 患におけるリハビリテーションに関するガイドライン(2007 年 改 訂 版 ).http://www.j-circ.or.jp/guideline/pdf/JCS2007_
nohara_h.pdf
47. McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, et al. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: A systematic review of randomized trials.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 44: 810-819.
48. Davidson PM, Cockburn J, Newton PJ, et al. Can a heart failure-specific cardiac rehabilitation program decrease hospitalizations and improve outcomes in high risk patients?
Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 2010; 17: 393-402.
49. Zelis R, Kinney EL, Flaim SF, et al. Morphine: Its use in pulmonary edema. Cardiovasc Rev Rep. 1981; 2: 257-267.
50. Hunt SA, Baker DW, Chin MH, et al. American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure); International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Heart Failure Society of America. ACC/AHA Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Chronic Heart Failure in the Adult: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee to Revise the 1995 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure): Developed in Collaboration With the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation; Endorsed by the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation 2001; 104: 2996-3007.
51. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 709-717.
52. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al.; Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 1309-1321.
53. Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al.; EMPHASIS-HF Study Group. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med 201; 364: 11-21.
Epub 2010 Nov 14.
54. Ellison DH. Diuretic therapy and resistance in congestive heart failure. Cardiology 2001; 96: 132-143.
55. Dormans TP, van Meyel JJ, Gerlag PG, et al. Diuretic efficacy of high dose furosemide in severe heart failure: bolus injection versus continuous infusion. J Am Coll Cardiol.
1996; 28: 376-382
56. Murry MD, Deer MM, Ferguson JA, et al. Open-label randomized trial of torasemide compared with furosemide therapy for patients with heart failure. Am J Med 2001; 111:
513-520.
57. Brown NJ. Eplerenone: cardiovascular protection.
Circulation 2003; 107: 2512-2518.
58. Juurlink DN, Mamdani MM, Lee DS, et al. Rates of hyperkalemia after publication of the Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 543-551.
59. Udelson JE, Smith WB, Hendrix GH, et al. Acute hemodynamic effects of conivaptan, a dual V(1A) and V(2) vasopressin receptor antagonist, in patients with advanced heart failure. Circulation 2001; 104: 2417-2423.
60. Konstam MA, Gheorghiade M, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Effects of oral tolvaptan in patients hospitalized for worsening heart failure: the EVEREST Outcome Trial. JAMA 2007; 297:
1319-1331.
61. Gheorghiade M, Konstam MA, Burnett JC Jr, et al. Short-term clinical effects of tolvaptan, an oral vasopressin antagonist, in patients hospitalized for heart failure: the EVEREST Clinical Status Trials JAMA 2007; 297: 1332-1343.
62. Tsutamoto T, Kinoshita M, Nakase I, et al. Absence of hemodynamic tolerance to nicorandil in patients with severe congestive heart failure. Am Heart J 1994; 127: 866-873.
63. Tsutamoto T, Kinoshita M, Hisanaga T, et al. Comparison of hemodynamic effects and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate of nicorandil and nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure. Am J Cardiol 1995; 75: 1162-1165.
64. Tanaka K, Kato K, Takano T, et al. Acute effects of intravenous nicorandil on hemodynamics in patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure. J Cardiol 2010 [Epub ahead of print].
65. Ishii H, Ichimiya S, Kanashiro M, et al. Impact of a single intravenous administration of nicorandil before reperfusion in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction.
Circulation 2005; 112: 1284-1288.
66. Hata N, Seino Y, Tsutamoto T, et al. Effects of carperitide
on the long-term prognosis of patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure: the PROTECT Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study. Circ J 2008; 72:
1787-1793.
67. Hernandez AF, O’Connor CM, Starling RC, et al. Rationale and design of the Acute Study of Clinical Effectiveness of Nesiritide in Decompensated Heart Failure Trial (ASCEND-HF). Am Heart J 2009; 157: 271-277.
68. Burger AJ, Horton DP, LeJemtel T, et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of cardiac ectopy with dobutamine or natrecor therapy. Effect of nesiritide (B-type natriuretic peptide) and dobutamine on ventricular arrhythmias in the treatment of patients with acutely decompensated congestive heart failure: the PRECEDENT study. Am Heart J 2002; 144:
1102-1108.
69. Wang DJ, Dowling TC, Meadows D, et al. Nesiritide does not improve renal function in patients with chronic heart failure and worsening serum creatinine. Circulation 2004;
110: 1620-1625.
70. Sackner-Bernstein JD, Skopicki HA, Aaronson KD. Risk of worsening renal function with nesiritide in patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Circulation 2005; 111:
1487-1491.
71. Hamilton RJ, Carter WA, Gallagher EJ. Rapid improvement of acute pulmonary edema with sublingual captopril. Acta Emerg Med 1996; 3: 205-212.
72. Metra M, Nodari S, D’Aloia A, Muneretto C, et al. Beta-blocker therapy influenced the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll Cardiol 2002; 40: 1248-1258.
73. O’Connor CM, Gattis WA, Uretsky BF, et al. Continuous intravenous dobutamine is associated with an increased risk of death in patients with advanced heart failure: insights from the Flolan International Randomized Survival Trial (FIRST).
Am Heart J 1999; 138: 78-86.
74. Giamouzis G, Butler J, Starling RC, et al. Impact of dopamine infusion on renal function in hospitalized heart failure patients: Results of the Dopamine in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (DAD-HF) trial. J Card Fail 2010; 16: 922-930.
75. 村上元孝,木村栄一,新谷博一,他.ポンプ不全に対す るドブタミン,ドパミンの薬剤効果の比較―多施設共同研 究の比較―.最新医学 1984;39:1657-1671.
76. Ribner HS, Plucinski DA, Hsieh AM, et al. Acute effects of digoxin on total systemic vascular resistance in congestive heart failure due to dilated cardiomyopathy: a hemodynamic-hormonal study. Am J Cardiol 1985; 56: 896-904.
77. The Digitalis Investigation Group. The effect of digoxin on mortality and morbidity in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 1997; 336: 525-533.
78. Seino Y, Momomura S, Takano T, et al. Multicenter, double-blind study of intravenous milrinone for patients with
acute heart failure in Japan. Japan Intravenous Milrinone Investigators. Crit Care Med 1996; 24: 1490-1497.
79. Lowes BD, Tsvetkova T, Eichhorn EJ, et al. Milrinone versus dobutamine in heart failure subjects treated chronically with carvedilol. Int J Cardiol 2001; 81: 141-149.
80. Constanzo MR, Johannes RS, Pine M, et al. The safety of intravenous diuretics alone versus diuretics plus parenteral vasoactive therapies in hospitalized patients with acutely decompensated heart failure. Am Heart J 2007; 154: 267-277.
81. Follath F, Cleland JG, Just H, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous levosimendan compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure (the LIDO study): a randomized double-blind trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 196-202.
82. Moiseyev VS, Poder P, Andrejevs N, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel calcium sensitizer, levosimendan, in patients with left ventricular failure due to acute myocardial infarction: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (RUSSLAN). Eur Heart J 2002; 23: 1422-1432.
83. Mebazza A, Nieminen MS, Packer M, et al. Levosimendan vs dobutamine for patients with acute decompensated heart failure: the SURVIVE Randomized Trial. JAMA 2007; 297:
1883-1891.
84. The CONSENSUS trial group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure. Results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). New Engl J Med 1987; 316: 1429-1435.
85. The SOLVED Investigators. Effect of enalapril on survival in patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions and congestive heart failure. New Engl J Med 1991; 325: 293-302.
86. Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E, Moye LA, et al. Effect of captopril on mortality and morbidity in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Results of the survival and ventricular enlargement trial. The SAVE Investigators. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 669-677.
87. Pfeffer MA, Swedberg K, Granger CB, et al. CHARM Investigators and Committees. Effects of candesartan on mortality and morbidity in patients with chronic heart failure:
the CHARM-Overall programme. Lancet. 2003; 362: 759-766.
88. Suzuki S, Yoshimura M, Nakayama M, et al. Plasma levels of B-type natriuretic peptide as a prognostic marker after acute myocardial infarction: a long-time follow-up analysis.
Circulation 2004; 110: 1387-1391.
89. Kosuge M, Miyajima E, Kimura K, et al. Comparison of atrial natriuretic peptide versus nitroglycerin for reducing blood pressure in acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1998; 81: 781-784.
90. Kasama S, Toyama T, Kumakura H, et al. Effects of intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity in patients with decompensated congestive heart failure. J Nuclear Med 2004; 45: 1108-1113.
91. Hayashi M, Tsutamoto T, Wada A, et al. Intravenous atrial natriuretic peptide prevents left ventricular remodeling in
patients with first anterior acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001; 37: 1820-1826.
92. Kitakaze M, Asakura M, Kim J, et al. Human atrial natriuretic peptide and nicorandil as adjuncts to reperfusion treatment for acute myocardial infarction (J-WIND). Lancet 2007; 370: 1483-1493.
93. HFSA Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guideline. J Card Fail 2010; 16: 475-539.
94. Fonarow GC, Abraham WT, Albert NM, et al. Influence of beta-blocker continuation or withdrawal on outcomes in patients hospitalized with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 52: 190-199.
95. 小川聡編.抗不整脈ガイドライン―CD-ROM 版ガイドラ インの解説とシシリアンガンピットの概念.抗不整脈ガイ ドライン委員会編,20項.ライフメディコム,東京 2000.
96. The CAST investigators. Preliminary report; Effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1989; 321: 406-412.
97. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators.
Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 227-233.
98. Deedwania PC, et al. Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: observations from the veteran’s affairs congestive heart failure survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy (CHF-STAT). Circulation 1998; 98:
2574-2579.
99. Dorian P, et al. Amiodarone as compared with lidocaine for shock-resistant ventricular fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2002;
346: 884-890.
100. Doval HC, Nul DR, Grancelli HO, et al. Randomised trial of low-dose amiodarone in severe congestive heart failure.
Grupo de Estudio de la Sobrevida en la Insuficiencia Cardiaca en Argentina (GESICA). Lancet 1994; 344: 493-498.
101. Singh SN, et al., for the survival trial of antiarrhythmic therapy in congestive heart failure. Amiodarone in patients with congestive heart failure and asymptomatic ventricular arrhythmia. N Engl J Med 1995; 333: 77-82.
102. Bardy GH, et al., for the sudden cardiac death in heart failure trial (SCD-HeFT) investigators. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med 2005; 352: 225-237.
103. Massie BM, O’Connor CM, Metra M, et al. Rolofylline, an adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, in acute heart failure. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 1419-2828.
104. Teerlink JR, Metra M, Felker GM, et al. Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study. Lancet 2009;
373: 1429-1439.
105. Shah SJ, Blair JE, Filippatos GS, et al. Effects of Istraxime on diastolic stiffness in acute heart failure syndromes: results
f r o m t h e H e m o d y n a m i c E c h o c a r d i o g r a p h i c , a n d Neurohormonal Effects of Istraxime, a Novel Intravenous Inotropic and Lusitropic Agent: a Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients Hospitalized with Heart Failure (HORIZON-HF) trial. Am Heart J 2009; 157: 1035-1041.
106. Davis ME, Pemberton CJ, Yandle TG, et al. Urocortin 2 infusion in human heart failure. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 2589-2597.
107. Lapp H, Mitrovic V, Franz N, et al. Cinciguat (BAY 58-2667) improves cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. Circulation 2009;
119: 2781-2788.
108. Mebazaa A, Gheorghiade M, Piña IL, et al. Practical recommendations for prehospital and early in-hospital managements of patients presenting with acute heart failure syndromes. Crit Care Med 2008; 36 (1 Suppl): S129-139.
109. Neumar RW, Otto CW, Link MS, et al. Part 8: Adult Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation 2010; 122:
S729-767.
110. Aoyama N, Izumi T, Hiramori K, et al. Japanese Investigators of Fulminant Myocarditis: National survey of fulminant myocarditis in Japan: therapeutic guidelines and long-term prognosis of using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support for fulminant myocarditis (special report from a scientific committee). Circ J 2002; 66: 133-144.
111. Highlights of the 2010 American Heart Association Guideline for CPR and ECC. http://eccjapanheart.org/pdf/
ECC_Guidelines_Highlights_2010.pdf
112. Guyton AC, Lindsey AW. Effect of elevated left atrial pressure and decreased plasma protein concentration on the development of pulmonary edema. Circ Res 1959; 7: 649-657.
113. Masip J, Betbese AJ, Paez J, et al. Non-invasive pressure support ventilation versus conventional oxygen therapy in acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a randomized trial.
Lancet 2000; 356: 2126-2132.
114. Bersten AD, Holt AW, Vedig AE, et al. Treatment of severe cardiogenic pulmonary edema with continuous positive airway pressure delivered by face mask. N Engl J Med 1991;
325: 1825-1830.
115. Takeda S, Nejima J, Takano T, et al. Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on pulmonary edema complicating acute myocardial infarction. Jpn Circ J 1998;
62: 553-558.
116. Vital FMR, Saconato H, Ladeira MT, et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (CPAP or bilevel NPPV) for cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008; 16: CD005351. pub2.
117. Takano T, Endo T, Tanaka K, et al. Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure ventilation and extracorporeal ultrafiltration method in patients with refractory heart failure.
Jpn Circ J 1986; 50: 359-367.
118. MacIntyre NR, Cook DJ, Ely EW Jr, et al.; American College of Chest Physicians; American Association for Respiratory Care; American College of Critical Care Medicine. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 2001; 120 (6 Suppl): 375S-95S.
119. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al.; American College of Cardiology Foundation; American Heart Association. 2009 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults a Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines Developed in Collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009; 53: e1-90.
120. Norman JC, Cooley DA, Igo SR, et al. Prognostic indices for survival during postcardiotomy intra-aortic balloon pumping. Methods of scoring and classification, with implications for left ventricular assist device utilization. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1977; 74: 709-720.
121. Antman EM, Hand M, Armstrong PW, et al. 2007 focused update of the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Group to Review New Evidence and Update the ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction). J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 210-247.
122. Soran O, Kennard ED, Kfoury AG, et al. Two-Year Clinical Outcomes After Enhanced External Counterpulsation (EECP) Therapy in Patients with Refractory Angina Pectoris and Left Ventricular Dysfunction (Report from the International EECP Patient Registry). Am J Cardiol 2006; 97: 17-20.
123. 御領慎輔,高山秀和,梶川洋志,他.PCPSにおけるア
ルガトロバンの使用経験について.体外循環技術.2007;
34:320-320.
124. Rao V, Oz MC, Flannery MA, et al. Revised screening scale to predict survival after insertion of a left ventricular assist device. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003; 125: 855-862.
125. Lietz K, Long JW, Kfoury AG, et al. Outcomes of left ventricular assist device implantation as destination therapy in the post-REMATCH era: implications for patient selection.
Circulation 2007; 116: 497-505.
126. Levy WC, Mozaffarian D, Linker DT, et al. Can the Seattle heart failure model be used to risk-stratify heart failure patients for potential left ventricular assist device therapy? J Heart Lung Transplant 2009; 28: 231-236.
127. Stevenson LW. Clinical use of inotropic therapy for heart failure: looking backward or forward? Part I: inotropic infusions during hospitalization. Circulation 2003; 108:
367-372.
128. Stevenson LW. Clinical use of inotropic therapy for heart failure: looking backward or forward? Part II: chronic inotropic therapy. Circulation 2003; 108: 492-497.
129. Dang NC, Topkara VK, Mercando M, et al. Right heart failure after left ventricular assist device implantation in patients with chronic congestive heart failure. J Heart Lung Transplant 2006; 25: 1-6.
130. Patel ND, Weiss ES, Schaffer J, et al. Right heart dysfunction after left ventricular assist device implantation: a comparison of the pulsatile HeartMate I and axial-flow HeartMate II devices. Ann Thorac Surg 2008; 86: 832-840.
131. Matthews JC, Koelling TM, Pagani FD, et al. The right ventricular failure risk score a pre-operative tool for assessing the risk of right ventricular failure in left ventricular assist device candidates. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008; 51: 2163-2172.
132. Fitzpatrick JR, 3rd, Frederick JR, Hsu VM, et al. Risk score derived from pre-operative data analysis predicts the need for biventricular mechanical circulatory support. J Heart Lung Transplant 2008; 27: 1286-1292.
133. Westaby S, Siegenthaler M, Beyersdorf F, et al. Destination therapy with a rotary blood pump and novel power delivery.
Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2010; 37: 350-356.
134. 山嵜健二,斎藤聡,西中知博,他.次世代型補助人工心臓
は心臓移植の代替治療となりうるか?Gen Thrac Cardiovasc Surg. 2008; 56: 131-133.
135. Slaughter MS, Rogers JG, Milano CA, et al. Advanced Heart Failure Treated with Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 2241-2251.
136. Miller LW, Pagani FD, Russell SD, et al. Use of a continuous-flow device in patients awaiting heart transplantation. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 885-896.
137. Wang NC, Maggioni AP, Konstam MA, et al.; Efficacy of Vasopressin Antagonismin Heart Failure Outcome Study With Tolvaptan (EVEREST) Investigators. Clinical implications of QRS duration in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. JAMA 2008; 299: 2656-2666.
138. Asabi H, Bergstrom J, First P, et al. Treatment of diuretic-resistant fluid retention with ultrafiltration. Act Med Scan 1978; 204: 145-149.
139. Bart BA, Boyle A, Bank AJ, et al. Ultrafiltration versus usual care for hospitalized patients with heart failure: the Relief for Acutely Fluid-Overloaded Patients with Decompensated Congestive heart failure (RAPID-CHF) trial.
J Am Coll Cardiol 2005; 46: 2043-2046.
140. Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT, et al., for the UNLOAD Trial Investigators. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007; 49:
675-683.
141. Little WC, Freeman GL. Pericardial disease. Circulation 2006; 113: 1622-1632.
142. Khandaker MH, Espinosa RE, Nishimura RA, et al.
Pericardial disease: diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc 2010; 85: 572-593.
143. Leimgruber PP, Klopfenstein HS, Wann LS, et al. The hemodynamic derangement associated with right ventricular diastolic collapse in cardiac tamponade: an experimental echocardiographic study. Circulation 1983; 68: 612-620.
144. Appleton CP, Hatle LK, Popp RL. Cardiac tamponade and pericardial effusion: respiratory variation in transvalvular flow velocities studied by Doppler echocardiography. J Am Coll Cardiol 1988; 11: 1020-1030.
145. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatterjee K, et al. 2008 Focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease): endorsed by the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
Circulation 2008; 118: e523-661.
146. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/
American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (writing committee to revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease):
developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2006; 114: e84-231.
147. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: the Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007; 28: 230-268.
148. Stout KK, Verrier ED. Acute Valvular Regurgitation.
Circulation 2009; 119: 3232-3241.
149. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Chatteriee K, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Valvular Heart Disease). JACC 2006; 48: e1-148.
150. Nienaber CA, von KY, Nicolas V, et al. The diagnosis of thoracic aortic dissection by noninvasive imaging procedures.
N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 1-9.
151. Smith MD, Cassidy JM, Souther S, et al. Transesophageal echocardiography in the diagnosis of traumatic rupture of the aorta. N Engl J Med 1995; 332: 356-362.
152. P i c a r d M H , D a v i d o f f R , S l e e p e r L A , e t a l . Echocardiographic predictors of survival and response to early revascularization in cardiogenic shock. Circulation 2003; 107: 279-284.