RESULTS FROM THE AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE IN FIELDS OF THE THESSALONIKI PLAIN – GREECE
Ʌʀʆɲʃɲʎ 2. ɇʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɼ ɲʆɳʄʐʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʅɹʍʘʆ ʖɻʅɿʃʙʆ ɿɷɿʉʏɼʏʘʆ ʏʘʆ ʏʌɿʙʆ ʉʅɳɷʘʆ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ, ʋʌɿʆ (ʔɽɿʆʊʋʘʌʉ 2013) ʃɲɿ ʅɸʏɳ (ʔɽɿʆʊʋʘʌʉ 2014) ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɿʄʑʉʎ
Ʌɲʌɳʅɸʏʌʉʎ Ƀʅɳɷɲ ȵɷɲʔʙʆ A (pH = 5,00-6,50)
Ƀʅɳɷɲ ȵɷɲʔʙʆ B (pH = 6,55-7,50)
Ƀʅɳɷɲ ȵɷɲʔʙʆ ȳ (pH = 7,51-7,97) ʋʌɿʆ ʅɸʏɳ ʋʌɿʆ ʅɸʏɳ ʋʌɿʆ ʅɸʏɳ
pH 5,77a1 6,62b 7,10a 7,32b 7,72a 7,74a
Ƀʌɶɲʆɿʃɼ Ƀʐʍʀɲ (%) 1,52a 1,48a 1,69a 1,82a 1,62a 1,65a
CaCO3(%) 0,50a 1,85b 2,60a 4,10b 6,30a 8,07b
ɁɃ3-Ɂ (mgkg-1 ʇ.ɴ.) 9,21a 8,62a 12,45a 9,66b 11,68a 9,10b
Olsen-P (mgkg-1 ʇ.ɴ.) 17,18a 25,58b 22,16a 24,95a 11,25a 22,72b K (mgkg-1 ʇ.ɴ.) 109,39a 105,43a 155,71a 145,89a 160,81a 158,69a
1Ȱʋʉʏɸʄɹʍʅɲʏɲ ANOVA. ȴɿɲʔʉʌɸʏɿʃɳ ɶʌɳʅʅɲʏɲ ɲʋʉʏɸʄʉʑʆ ɹʆɷɸɿʇɻ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃʙʆ ɷɿɲʔʉʌʙʆ ʋʌɿʆ ʃɲɿ ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʍʏɿʎ ɸɷɲʔɿʃɹʎ ʉʅɳɷɸʎ, ɶɿɲ ɸʋʀʋɸɷʉ ɸʅʋɿʍʏʉʍʑʆɻʎ 0,05.
ɲɺʙʏʉʐ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ʃɲʄʄɿɹʌɶɸɿɲ ʏʉʐ ʍɿʏɲʌɿʉʑ, ʅɸɿʙʆʉʆʏɲɿ ʋɸʌʀʋʉʐ ʍʏʉ ʅɿʍʊ. ɇʐʆɸʋʙʎ, ɻ ɶɸʘʌɶɿʃɼ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʍʐʅɴɳʄʄɸɿ ʍʏɻ ʍʏɲɷɿɲʃɼ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʏɻʎ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼʎ ʉʐʍʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻ ɶʉʆɿʅʊʏɻʏɲ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ, ʊʋʘʎ ɸʋɿɴɸɴɲɿʙʆɸʏɲɿ ʃɲɿ ɲʋʊ ʋʉʄʄɹʎ ɸʌɶɲʍʀɸʎ (Guo et al., 2012; Nogueira et al., 2013; Tsadilas et al., 2014). Ȱʋʊ ʏɻ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɼ ɲʆɳʄʐʍɻ ɷɸʆ ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏʉʐʆ ʍɲʔɸʀʎ ʋʄɻʌʉʔʉʌʀɸʎ ʊʍʉʆ ɲʔʉʌɳ ʏʉ ɁɃ3-Ɂ, ʋʉʐ ɸʅʔɲʆʀɺɸʏɲɿ ʅɸɿʘʅɹʆʉ ʅɸʏɳ ɲʋʊ ɹʆɲ ɹʏʉʎ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼʎ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ, ʘʎ ɲʋʉʏɹʄɸʍʅɲ ʏɻʎ ʋʌʊʍʄɻʗɻʎ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ʃɲʄʄɿɹʌɶɸɿɲ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʆ ɹʃʋʄʐʍɻ ʐʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɸʋʀɷʌɲʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɴʌʉʖʙʆ. Ƀɿ Corrêa et al. (2006) ʋɲʌɲʏɼʌɻʍɲʆ ʊʏɿ ʏʉ 20% ʋɸʌʀʋʉʐ ʏʉʐ ɁɃ3-Ɂ, ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉɼʄɽɸ ɲʋʊ ɲʍɴɸʍʏʉʋʉɿɻʅɹʆɻ ɿʄʑ, ɸʃʋʄʑʆɸʏɲɿ ʃɳʏʘ ɲʋʊ ʏɲ ʋʌʙʏɲ 20 cm ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ, ʘʍʏʊʍʉ, ɸʃʏʀʅɻʍɲʆ ʊʏɿ ʉ ʃʀʆɷʐʆʉʎ ʏɻʎ ʌʑʋɲʆʍɻʎ ʏʘʆ ʐʋʊɶɸɿʘʆ ʆɸʌʙʆ ʅɸ ɁɃ3-Ɂ, ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɹʘʎ 8 Mgha-1 (ʇ.ɴ.) ɿʄʑʉʎ, ɸʀʆɲɿ ɿɷɿɲʀʏɸʌɲ ʋɸʌɿʉʌɿʍʅɹʆʉʎ. Ƀɿ Corrêa et al. (2012) ɲʆɲʔɹʌʉʐʆ ʊʏɿ ɻ ʍʏɲɽɸʌʉʋʉʀɻʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʋʌɿʆ ʏɻʆ ɶɸʘʌɶɿʃɼ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ, ʍɸ ɶɸʆɿʃɹʎ ɶʌɲʅʅɹʎ, ɸʋɿɴʌɲɷʑʆɸɿ ʏɻʆ ɲʋɸʄɸʐɽɹʌʘʍɻ ɲʆʊʌɶɲʆʉʐ ɲɺʙʏʉʐ ʍʏʉ ɹɷɲʔʉʎ, ʉ ʌʐɽʅʊʎ ʏɻʎ ʉʋʉʀɲʎ ɸʇɲʌʏɳʏɲɿ ʃʐʌʀʘʎ ɲʋʊ ʏʉʆ ʏʑʋʉ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ.
Ʉʋʘʎ ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏɸɿ ɲʋʊ ʏʉʆ Ʌʀʆɲʃɲ 2, ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ ɸʆʏʉʋʀɺʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏɻ ʍʐɶʃɹʆʏʌʘʍɻ ʏʉʐ Ɇ ʍʏɿʎ ʉʅɳɷɸʎ Ȱ ʃɲɿ ȳ, ʊʋʉʐ ʋɲʌɲʏɻʌɸʀʏɲɿ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʏʉʐ ʍʏʉɿʖɸʀʉʐ, ɸʆʙ
9ο Πανελλήνιο Συνέδριο Εταιρείας Γεωργικών Μηχανικών Ελλάδος
544
ʍʏɻʆ ʉʅɳɷɲ Ȳ ʉ ɷɿɲɽɹʍɿʅʉʎ Ɇ ʋɲʌɲʅɹʆɸɿ ɲʅɸʏɳɴʄɻʏʉʎ ʅɸ ʅɿʃʌɼ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ. ɇʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ ɷɸʆ ʋɲʌɲʏɻʌʉʑʆʏɲɿ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɸʌʀʋʏʘʍɻ ʏʉʐ Ⱦ ʋʌɿʆ ʃɲɿ ɹʆɲ ɹʏʉʎ ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻ ɷɿɳɽɸʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ. Ȱʋʊ ʏɻ ʅɸʄɹʏɻ ʏʘʆ Willett et al. (1986) ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏɸɿ ʊʏɿ ʉ Ɇ ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉʍʏʀɽɸʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʍʏɲɽɸʌʉʋʉɿɻʅɹʆɻ ʅɸ ɲʍɴɹʍʏɻ ɿʄʑ ɸʀʆɲɿ ʃɲʏɳ 49% ʏʉ ʀɷɿʉ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɸʍʅɲʏɿʃʊʎ ʅɸ ɲʐʏʊʆ ʋʉʐ ʋʌʉʍʏʀɽɸʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʍʐʅɴɲʏɿʃɳ ʄɿʋɳʍʅɲʏɲ, ʍʏɻʆ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʏʉʐ ɷɿɲɽɹʍɿʅʉʐ ʍʏʉ ɹɷɲʔʉʎ Ɇ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ʃɳʄʐʗɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʆɲɶʃʙʆ ʏʘʆ ʔʐʏʙʆ. Ƀɿ Christie et al. (2001) ɲʆɲʔɹʌʉʐʆ ʃɲʄʑʏɸʌɸʎ ɲʋʉɷʊʍɸɿʎ ʃʌɿɽɲʌɿʉʑ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɲʍɴɸʍʏʉʋʉɿɻʅɹʆɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʍɸ ʍʖɹʍɻ ʅɸ ʏɻ ʍʐʅɴɲʏɿʃɼ ʄʀʋɲʆʍɻ ʃɲʄʀʉʐ ʃɲɿ ʔʘʍʔʊʌʉʐ. Ƀɿ ɸʌɸʐʆɻʏɹʎ ɲʋʉɷʀɷʉʐʆ ʏɲ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɹʍʅɲʏɲ ʏʊʍʉ ʍʏɻʆ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʏʉʐ pH, ɲʄʄɳ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻ ʍʏɲɷɿɲʃɼ ɲʋɸʄɸʐɽɹʌʘʍɻ ʏʉʐ ʔʘʍʔʊʌʉʐ. ɀɳʄɿʍʏɲ, ɲʆɲʔɹʌʉʐʆ ʊʏɿ ʉ Ɇ ɼʏɲʆ ɸʇʀʍʉʐ ɷɿɲɽɹʍɿʅʉʎ ʍʏɻʆ ʃɲʄʄɿɹʌɶɸɿɲ, ʊʍʉ ʃɲɿ ʉ Ɇ ʍʐʅɴɲʏɿʃʉʑ ʄɿʋɳʍʅɲʏʉʎ. Ȱʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɳʄʄɻ ʅɸʌɿɳ, ʉɿ Li et el. (2012) ɸʋɿʍɻʅɲʀʆʉʐʆ ʊʏɿ ɻ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʍɸ ʅɿɲ ʃɲʄʄɿɹʌɶɸɿɲ ɷɸʆ ʅʋʉʌɸʀ ʆɲ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉɿɻɽɸʀ ʅɸ ʃʑʌɿʉ ʍʃʉʋʊ ʏɻʆ ʋʄɼʌɻ ʃɳʄʐʗɻ ʏʘʆ ɲʆɲɶʃʙʆ ʍɸ Ɂ ʅɿɲʎ ʃɲʄʄɿɹʌɶɸɿɲʎ, ɶɿɲʏʀ ʐʋɳʌʖɸɿ ʃʀʆɷʐʆʉʎ ʐʋɸʌʖʉʌɼɶɻʍɻʎ ʔʙʍʔʉʌʉʐ ʍʏʉ ɹɷɲʔʉʎ.
Ȱʋʊ ʏʉʆ Ʌʀʆɲʃɲ 2 ʋʌʉʃʑʋʏɸɿ ʊʏɿ ʉɿ ʏɿʅɹʎ ʏʉʐ pH ʋɲʌʉʐʍʀɲʍɲʆ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ ʋʌɿʆ ʃɲɿ ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʍʏɿʎ ʉʅɳɷɸʎ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ A ʃɲɿ B, ɲʄʄɳ ʊʖɿ ʍʏɻʆ ȳ. ɇʏɻʆ ʉʅɳɷɲ A ʏʘʆ ʊʇɿʆʘʆ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ, ʏʉ pH ɲʐʇɼɽɻʃɸ ʃɲʏɳ ʋɸʌʀʋʉʐ 0,81 ʅʉʆɳɷɸʎ (15%) ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻʆ ʉʅɳɷɲ Ȳ ʏʘʆ ʉʐɷɹʏɸʌʘʆ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ, ʃɲʏɳ 0,21 ʅʉʆɳɷɸʎ (3%). ɇʏɻʆ ʉʅɳɷɲ ȳ ʏʘʆ ɲʄʃɲʄɿʃʙʆ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ, ʏʉ pH ʋɲʌɹʅɸɿʆɸ ʏʉ ʀɷɿʉ ʖʘʌʀʎ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ. ȸ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʏʉʐ pH ɲʋʉɷʀɷɸʏɲɿ ʍʏɿʎ ʐʗɻʄɹʎ ʍʐɶʃɸʆʏʌʙʍɸɿʎ CaCO3 ʏɻʎ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɺʊʅɸʆɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ.
Ʌʌɳɶʅɲʏɿ, ɻ ʍʐɶʃɹʆʏʌʘʍɻ ʏʉʐ CaCO3 ɲʐʇɼɽɻʃɸ ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɲ ʏʌʀɲ ɸɷɳʔɻ, ʅɸ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ. Ƀɿ Tsadilas et al. (1995), ɸʋʀʍɻʎ, ʋɲʌɲʏɼʌɻʍɲʆ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʏʉʐ pH ʍɸ ɹʆɲ ʊʇɿʆʉ ɹɷɲʔʉʎ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɿʄʑʉʎ. Ȱʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɳʄʄɻ ʅɸʌɿɳ, ɻ ʌʐɽʅɿʍʏɿʃɼ ɿʃɲʆʊʏɻʏɲ ʏʘʆ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ ʏɻʎ ʏʌʀʏɻʎ ʉʅɳɷɲʎ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɸ ʏʉ ɸɷɲʔɿʃʊ pH ʍʏɲ ɲʌʖɿʃɳ ɸʋʀʋɸɷɲ, ʅɸ ɲʍɼʅɲʆʏɻ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʋɸʌʀʋʉʐ 0,03 ʅʉʆɳɷɸʎ. Ƀɿ Akrivos et al. (2000) ɸʔɳʌʅʉʍɲʆ ɲʍɴɸʍʏʉʋʉɿɻʅɹʆɻ ɿʄʑ ʍɸ ɲʄʃɲʄɿʃɳ ɸɷɳʔɻ ʃɲɿ ʋɲʌɲʏɼʌɻʍɲʆ ʊʏɿ ɻ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʍʏʉ ɸɷɲʔɿʃʊ pH ɷɸʆ ɼʏɲʆ ʅɸɶɲʄʑʏɸʌɻ ɲʋʊ 0,2 ʅʉʆɳɷɸʎ.
ȸ ʋɸʌɿɸʃʏɿʃʊʏɻʏɲ ʍɸ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼ ʉʐʍʀɲ ɷɸʆ ʋɲʌʉʐʍʀɲʍɸ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ ʍʏɲ ʏʌʀɲ ɸɷɳʔɻ, ʅɸʏɳ ɲʋʊ ɹʆɲ ɹʏʉʎ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼʎ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ, ʋɿɽɲʆʊʆ ʄʊɶʘ: 1) ʏɻʎ ʅɿʃʌɼʎ ʋʉʍʊʏɻʏɲʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʔɲʌʅʊʍɽɻʃɸ (a10 Mgha-1) ʃɲɿ 2) ʏʘʆ ʐʗɻʄʙʆ ʌʐɽʅʙʆ ɲʋʉʍʑʆɽɸʍɻʎ.
Ƀɿ Mendoza et al. (2006) ʋɲʌɲʏɼʌɻʍɲʆ ɲʑʇɻʍɻ ʍʏɻʆ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼ ʉʐʍʀɲ ʃɲʏɳ 1-2% ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ 100 Mgha-1 ɿʄʑʉʎ, ʋʌɿʆ ʏɻʆ ɸɶʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ʃɲʄʄɿɹʌɶɸɿɲʎ. ɏʍʏʊʍʉ, ʉɿ ɸʌɸʐʆɻʏɹʎ ɲʆɲʔɹʌʉʐʆ ʊʏɿ ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɲʆɳʋʏʐʇɻ ʏʘʆ ʔʐʏʙʆ ɷɸʆ ʋɲʌɲʏɻʌɼɽɻʃɲʆ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɳ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃɹʎ ɷɿɲʔʉʌɹʎ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌɳʅɸʏʌʉ ɲʐʏɼ ʍɸ ʍʖɹʍɻ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ɲʌʖɿʃɼ ʃɲʏɳʍʏɲʍɻ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ. Ɉʉ ɶɸɶʉʆʊʎ ɲʐʏʊ ɲʋʉɷʊɽɻʃɸ ʍɸ ʋʉɿʉʏɿʃʉʑʎ ʅɸʏɲʍʖɻʅɲʏɿʍʅʉʑʎ ʋʉʐ ɸʋɻʌɸɳɺʉʐʆ ʏɻʆ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼ ʉʐʍʀɲ. Ƀɿ Merrington et al. (2003) ɸʋɿʍɼʅɲʆɲʆ ʊʏɿ ɻ ɲʆʉʌɶɲʆʉʋʉʀɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʑʃʉʄɲ ɲʋʉɿʃʉɷʉʅɼʍɿʅʘʆ ʃʄɲʍʅɳʏʘʆ ʏɻʎ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼʎ ʉʐʍʀɲʎ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ɲʋʊ ɸɷɲʔɿʃɳ ʅɿʃʌʊɴɿɲ ɸʀʆɲɿ ɶʌɼɶʉʌɻ ʃɲɿ ɷɿɲʌʃɸʀ ʉʌɿʍʅɹʆɸʎ ɸɴɷʉʅɳɷɸʎ, ɲʆɳʄʉɶɲ ʅɸ ʏɿʎ ɸɷɲʔɿʃɹʎ ʃɲɿ ʋɸʌɿɴɲʄʄʉʆʏɿʃɹʎ ʍʐʆɽɼʃɸʎ. Ƀɿ Willett et al. (1986) ʍʑɶʃʌɿʆɲʆ ʏɻʆ ɲʋʊɷʉʍɻ ʔʐʏʙʆ ʅɸ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɲʍɴɸʍʏʉʋʉɿɻʅɹʆɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʃɲɿ ʍʐʅɴɲʏɿʃʉʑ ʄɿʋɳʍʅɲʏʉʎ ʃɲɿ ʃɲʏɹʄɻʇɲʆ ʍʏʉ ʍʐʅʋɹʌɲʍʅɲ ʊʏɿ ʉɿ ɲʋʉɷʊʍɸɿʎ ɼʏɲʆ ʐʗɻʄʊʏɸʌɸʎ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɿʄʑʉʎ, ɶɸɶʉʆʊʎ ʋʉʐ ʏʉ ɲʋɹɷʘʍɲʆ ʍʏɻ ɴɸʄʏʀʘʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʔʐʍɿʃʙʆ ɿɷɿʉʏɼʏʘʆ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ.
ɇɸ ɲʐʏʊ ʏʉ ʍɻʅɸʀʉ ɲʇʀɺɸɿ ʆɲ ɲʆɲʔɸʌɽɸʀ ʊʏɿ ʍʑʅʔʘʆɲ ʅɸ ʏʉʐʎ Tziachris et al. (2015), ɻ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ɲʐʏɼʎ ɷɸʆ ɲʐʇɳʆɸɿ ʏɻ ʍʐɶʃɹʆʏʌʘʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɴɲʌɹʘʆ ʅɸʏɳʄʄʘʆ ʍʏʉ ɹɷɲʔʉʎ.
ɀɳʄɿʍʏɲ, ɻ ʍʏɲʏɿʍʏɿʃɼ ɲʆɳʄʐʍɻ ʋʉʐ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉʀɻʍɲʆ ʉɿ ɸʌɸʐʆɻʏɹʎ ɹɷɸɿʇɸ ʊʏɿ ʏɲ ɴɲʌɹɲ ʅɹʏɲʄʄɲ ʅɸɿʙʆʉʆʏɲɿ ʍʏʉ ɹɷɲʔʉʎ, ɹʆɲ ɹʏʉʎ ʅɸʏɳ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ɿʄʑʉʎ, ʋɿɽɲʆʊʆ ʄʊɶʘ ʏʉʐ ʍʖɻʅɲʏɿʍʅʉʑ ʍʐʅʋʄʊʃʘʆ, ɲʄʄɳ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ɲʑʇɻʍɻʎ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɲʔɿʃʉʑ pH.
4. ɇɉɀɅȵɆȰɇɀȰɈȰ
ȸ ɶɸʘʌɶɿʃɼ ɲʇɿʉʋʉʀɻʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ʋʌʉʏɸʀʆɸʏɲɿ ʃɲʏɳ ʋʌʉʏɸʌɲɿʊʏɻʏɲ ɲʋʊ ʏʉʆ ȵɽʆɿʃʊ ɇʖɸɷɿɲʍμʊ ʏɻʎ ȴɿɲʖɸʀʌɿʍɻʎ ɇʏɸʌɸʙʆ Ȱʋʉɴʄɼʏʘʆ, ʃɲɽʙʎ ɲʋʉʍʃʉʋɸʀ ʍʏʉʆ ɸμʋʄʉʐʏɿʍμʊ ʏʘʆ ɸɷɲʔʙʆ μɸ ɽʌɸʋʏɿʃɳ ʍʐʍʏɲʏɿʃɳ ʃɲɿ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼ ʉʐʍʀɲ, ɲʄʄɳ ʃɲɿ ʍʏɻʆ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲ ʏʘʆ ɶɸʘʌɶɿʃʙʆ ɸʃʏɳʍɸʘʆ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ɷɿɳɴʌʘʍɻ. ɇɸ ɲʐʏɼ ʏɻʆ ɸʌɶɲʍʀɲ ʅɸʄɸʏɼɽɻʃɸ ɻ ɸʋʀɷʌɲʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɶɸʘʌɶɿʃɼʎ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼʎ ɲʍɴɸʍʏʉʋʉɿɻʅɹʆɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ɲʋʊ ʏɻʆ ȵȵȿȺ, ʍɸ 203 ɲɶʌʉʑʎ ʏɻʎ ʋɸɷɿɳɷɲʎ Ⱥɸʍʍɲʄʉʆʀʃɻʎ. ɇʑʅʔʘʆɲ ʅɸ ʏɲ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɹʍʅɲʏɲ, ɻ ɿʄʑʎ ɲʐʇɳʆɸɿ ʏɻ ɶʉʆɿʅʊʏɻʏɲ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ ʋɲʌɹʖʉʆʏɲʎ ɿʃɲʆʉʋʉɿɻʏɿʃɹʎ ʋʉʍʊʏɻʏɸʎ Ɂ ʃɲɿ ʅɿʃʌʊʏɸʌɸʎ ʍɸ Ɇ ʃɲɿ Ⱦ, ʋɸʌɿʉʌʀɺʉʆʏɲʎ ʃɲʏɳ ɲʐʏʊ ʏʉʆ ʏʌʊʋʉ ʏɻʆ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʍʐʅɴɲʏɿʃʙʆ ʄɿʋɲʍʅɳʏʘʆ ʍʏʉʆ ɲɶʌʊ ʃɲɿ ʅɸɿʙʆʉʆʏɲʎ ʏɿʎ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃɹʎ ɸɿʍʌʉɹʎ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɲʌɲɶʘɶɼ. ȵʋɿʋʄɹʉʆ, ɻ ɸʔɲʌʅʉɶɼ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ ɴɸʄʏɿʙʆɸɿ ʏɿʎ ʔʐʍɿʃɹʎ ɿɷɿʊʏɻʏɸʎ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ʋɲʌʉʖɼ ʉʌɶɲʆɿʃɼʎ ʉʐʍʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ CaCO3, ɸʇɲʍʔɲʄʀɺʉʆʏɲʎ ɹʏʍɿ ɸʐʆʉʁʃɹʎ ʍʐʆɽɼʃɸʎ ɲʆɳʋʏʐʇɻʎ ɶɿɲ ʏɲ ʔʐʏɳ, ɿɷɿɲʀʏɸʌɲ ʍɸ ʊʇɿʆɲ ɸɷɳʔɻ. Ɉɸʄɿʃɳ, ɲʋʉɷɸɿʃʆʑɸʏɲɿ ʊʏɿ ɻ ɶɸʘʌɶɿʃɼ ɲʇɿʉʋʉʀɻʍɻ ʏɻʎ ɿʄʑʉʎ, ʊʏɲʆ ʋʌɲɶʅɲʏʉʋʉɿɸʀʏɲɿ ʉʌɶɲʆʘʅɹʆɲ ʃɲɿ ʐʋʊ ʍʐʆɸʖɼʎ ɸʄɹɶʖʉʐʎ, ɲʋʉʏɸʄɸʀ ɹʆɲʆ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɸʍʅɲʏɿʃʊ ʃɲɿ ʉɿʃʉʆʉʅɿʃʊ ʏʌʊʋʉ ɶɿɲ ʏɻʆ ɸʃʅɸʏɳʄʄɸʐʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸʐʆʉʁʃʙʆ ʖɲʌɲʃʏɻʌɿʍʏɿʃʙʆ ʏʘʆ ʋɲʌɲʋʌʉʁʊʆʏʘʆ ʏɻʎ ɸʋɸʇɸʌɶɲʍʀɲʎ ʏʘʆ ɲʍʏɿʃʙʆ ʄʐʅɳʏʘʆ.
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ȸ ȵɅȻȴɆȰɇȸ Ɉȸɇ ȲȿȰɇɈȸɇȸɇ ɇɈȸɁ ɉɅɃȲȰȺɀȻɇȸ ɈɃɉ ȵȴȰɌɃɉɇ ȾȰȻ ɈȸɁ ɅɆɃɇɍɏɇȸ ɅȵȴȻɁɏɁ ɅȵɆȻɃɍɏɁ
Ȱ. Ⱦɲʍʏʌʀɷɻʎ, ȴ. ɇʏɳɽɻʎ
1ȵʌɶɲʍʏɼʌɿʉ ȴɿɸʐɽɹʏɻʍɻʎ Ƀʌɸɿʆʙʆ ɉɷɳʏʘʆ, Ɉʅɼʅɲ ȴɲʍʉʄʉɶʀɲʎ ʃɲɿ Ɍʐʍɿʃʉʑ Ʌɸʌɿɴɳʄʄʉʆʏʉʎ Ȱ.Ʌ.Ⱥ., 54124 Ⱥɸʍʍɲʄʉʆʀʃɻ, [email protected]
Ʌɸʌʀʄɻʗɻ
ȸ ʋɲʌʉʑʍɲ ɸʌɶɲʍʀɲ ɲʍʖʉʄɸʀʏɲɿ ʅɸ ʏɻʆ ʐʋʉɴɳɽʅɿʍɻ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʆ ʋʌʊʍʖʘʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʋɸɷɿʆʙʆ ʋɸʌɿʉʖʙʆ ʍʏɻʆ ʋɸʌɿʉʖɼ ʏɻʎ ʄʀʅʆɻʎ Ȳʊʄɴɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʋɿʉ ʍʐɶʃɸʃʌɿʅɹʆɲ, ʍʏɻ ʄɸʃɳʆɻ ɲ-ʋʉʌʌʉɼʎ ʏɻʎ Ɂɹɲʎ Ȱʋʉʄʄʘʆʀɲʎ. ɇʃʉʋʊʎ ʏɻʎ ɹʌɸʐʆɲʎ ɸʀʆɲɿ ʆɲ ɸʃʏɿʅɻɽɸʀ ɻ ɸʋʀɷʌɲʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʖʌɼʍɸʘʆ ɶɻʎ ʏʘʆ ʏɸʄɸʐʏɲʀʘʆ 60 ʖʌʊʆʘʆ, ʍʏɻʆ ɲʋʙʄɸɿɲ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʆ ʋʌʊʍʖʘʍɻ ʏʘʆ ʋɸ-ɷɿʆʙʆ ʋɸʌɿʉʖʙʆ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ʄʀʅʆɻʎ Ȳʊʄɴɻʎ. ȸ ɷɲʍɿʃɼ ɴʄɳʍʏɻʍɻ ɲʐʇɼɽɻʃɸ ʏɲ ʏɸʄɸʐʏɲʀɲ 60 ʖʌʊ-ʆɿɲ ʃɲʏɳ 3%, ɻ ʉʋʉʀɲ ʍʐʆʉɷɸʑʏɻʃɸ ʅɸ ʋɲʌɳʄʄɻʄɻ ʋʉɿʉʏɿʃɼ ɲʆɲɴɳɽʅɿʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɽɲʅʆʙʆʘʆ.
Ʌɲʌɲʏɻʌɼɽɻʃɸ ʅɸʀʘʍɻ ʏɻʎ ʅɹʍɻʎ ɸʏɼʍɿɲʎ ɷɿɳɴʌʘʍɻʎ ʏʉʐ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ ʃɲʏɳ 15%, ʊʋʘʎ ʐʋʉʄʉ-ɶʀʍʏɻʃɸ ʅɸ ʏʉ ʅʉʆʏɹʄʉ ʏʉʐ Gavrilovic, ɸʆʙ ʋɲʌɳʄʄɻʄɲ ɹʖɸɿ ʅɸɿʘɽɸʀ ʉ ʌʐɽʅʊʎ ɸʋɹʃʏɲʍɻʎ ʏʉʐ ɷɹʄʏɲ ʏʉʐ ʖɸɿʅɳʌʌʉʐ. Ɉɲ ɲʋʉʏɸʄɹʍʅɲʏɲ ɲʆɲɷɸɿʃʆʑʉʐʆ ʏʉʆ ʋʉʄʑ ʍɻʅɲʆʏɿʃʊ ʌʊʄʉ ʏɻʎ ɷɲʍɿ-ʃɼʎ ɴʄɳʍʏɻʍɻʎ ʍʏɻʆ ʋʌʉʍʏɲʍʀɲ ʃɲɿ ɷɿɲʏɼʌɻʍɻ ʏʘʆ ɸɷɲʔɿʃʙʆ ʋʊʌʘʆ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʆ ɸʋɿʏɲʃʏɿʃɼ ɲʆɳɶʃɻ ʋɸʌɿʉʌɿʍʅʉʑ ʏɻʎ ɷɿɳɴʌʘʍɻʎ ʃɲɿ ʏɻʎ ɷɿɲɷɿʃɲʍʀɲʎ ɸʌɻʅʉʋʉʀɻʍɻʎ.
ȿɹʇɸɿʎ ʃʄɸɿɷɿɳ: ȴɿɳɴʌʘʍɻ ɸɷɳʔʉʐʎ, ȵʌɻʅʉʋʉʀɻʍɻ, ɀʉʆʏɹʄʉ Gavrilovic, ɍʌɼʍɸɿʎ ɶɻʎ