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ணᅽᐦࡋࡓ㣬ᅵࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ᬒᒣ
㫽ྲྀᏛᏛ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ♫ᇶ┙ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Unconfied Compressive Strength of Unsaturated Soil Prepared by Consolidation
Masayoshi SHIMIZU and Ken KAGEYAMA
Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering
The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University
Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: Unconfined compression tests were conducted on a silt sample. Unsaturated specimens were prepared by
applying suction to the saturated sample having been one-dimensionally consolidated. Compressive stress-strain-suction behavior is discussed. Bishop's effective stress and Fredlund et al.'s shear strength equation were applied to explain unconfined compressive strengths. Conclusions show that the suction decreases during compression more for specimens of low initial suction than for those of high initial suction; Bishop's effective stress explains well the strength for specimens of high degree of saturation but underestimates it for specimens of low degree of saturation; and Fredlund et al.'s equation would be applied with the consideration of a nonlinear relationship of the parameter Ib
included in the equation with the suction.
Keywords: Unsaturated soil, Unconfined compression test, Unconfined compressive strength, Suction, Effective
stress 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㣬ᅵࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘཬࡰࡍ ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㣬ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇ ࢀࡲ࡛㸪⥾ᅛࡵࡼࡗ࡚స〇ࡋࡓ౪ヨయࢆᑐ㇟ ࡋࡓ>@>@ࡀ㸪⥾ᅛࡵࡓ౪ヨయ࡛ࡣ㸪ึᮇ≧ែࡸ⤖ ᯝࡢ⌧ᛶࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࡀ㞴ࡋ ࠸࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⥾ᅛࡵ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࢫ࣮ࣛࣜ≧ࡢヨᩱࢆ ᅽᐦࡋࡓ࠶ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆస⏝ࡉࡏ࡚㣬ࡍ ࡿ᪉ἲ㸦ணᅽᐦἲ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚㣬ࡢ౪ヨయࢆస〇 ࡋࡓ㸬㣬ࡍࡿࡓࡵస⏝ࡉࡏࡿࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ ࡁࡉࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛㣬ᗘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ౪ヨయࢆస〇 ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣᛂຊ̺ࡦࡎࡳ࣭ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢᣲືࢆ⪃ ᐹࡍࡿࡶ㸪Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊ࠾ࡼࡧ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘࢆホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡑ ࢀࡽࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘᑐࡍࡿ㐺⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬 㸰㸬ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ౪ヨయస〇᪉ἲ ヨᩱࡣ '/ ࢡ࣮ࣞࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ヨᩱࡢ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁ࢆ ⾲㸯㸪⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ࢆᅗ㸯♧ࡍ㸬 ⾲ ヨᩱࡢ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁ ᅵ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ JFP ࢥࣥࢩࢫࢸࣥࢩ࣮ ᾮᛶ㝈⏺ 13 ረᛶ㝈⏺ 13 ⢏ᗘ ࢩࣝࢺศ ⢓ᅵศ 㸦13 ࡣ㠀ረᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ㸧 ౪ヨయࡣ㣬ᅵ⏝୕㍈ᅽ⦰ヨ㦂⨨ࢆ⏝࠸࡚స 〇ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧㸬 ᅗࡢࡼ࠺࣌ࢹࢫࢱࣝෆᚄ 3.5cm ࡢ⟄࣮ࣔࣝ ࢻࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇྵỈẚ 60%࡛༑ศ⦎ࡾΰࡐ ࡚⬺Ẽࡋࡓࢫ࣮ࣛࣜ≧ࡢヨᩱࢆὶࡋ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ヨᩱࡢ 㔞ࡣ㸪㣬ᚋ౪ヨయ㧗ࡉࡀ⣙ 8cm ࡞ࡿࡼ 59
ணᅽᐦࡋࡓ㣬ᅵࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ᬒᒣ
㫽ྲྀᏛᏛ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ♫ᇶ┙ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Unconfied Compressive Strength of Unsaturated Soil Prepared by Consolidation
Masayoshi SHIMIZU and Ken KAGEYAMA
Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering
The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University
Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: Unconfined compression tests were conducted on a silt sample. Unsaturated specimens were prepared by
applying suction to the saturated sample having been one-dimensionally consolidated. Compressive stress-strain-suction behavior is discussed. Bishop's effective stress and Fredlund et al.'s shear strength equation were applied to explain unconfined compressive strengths. Conclusions show that the suction decreases during compression more for specimens of low initial suction than for those of high initial suction; Bishop's effective stress explains well the strength for specimens of high degree of saturation but underestimates it for specimens of low degree of saturation; and Fredlund et al.'s equation would be applied with the consideration of a nonlinear relationship of the parameter Ib
included in the equation with the suction.
Keywords: Unsaturated soil, Unconfined compression test, Unconfined compressive strength, Suction, Effective
stress 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㣬ᅵࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘཬࡰࡍ ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㣬ᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇ ࢀࡲ࡛㸪⥾ᅛࡵࡼࡗ࡚స〇ࡋࡓ౪ヨయࢆᑐ㇟ ࡋࡓ>@>@ࡀ㸪⥾ᅛࡵࡓ౪ヨయ࡛ࡣ㸪ึᮇ≧ែࡸ⤖ ᯝࡢ⌧ᛶࡀࡼࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࡀ㞴ࡋ ࠸࠸࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⥾ᅛࡵ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ࢫ࣮ࣛࣜ≧ࡢヨᩱࢆ ᅽᐦࡋࡓ࠶ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆస⏝ࡉࡏ࡚㣬ࡍ ࡿ᪉ἲ㸦ணᅽᐦἲ㸧ࡼࡗ࡚㣬ࡢ౪ヨయࢆస〇 ࡋࡓ㸬㣬ࡍࡿࡓࡵస⏝ࡉࡏࡿࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ ࡁࡉࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡛㣬ᗘࡢ␗࡞ࡿ౪ヨయࢆస〇 ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣᛂຊ̺ࡦࡎࡳ࣭ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢᣲືࢆ⪃ ᐹࡍࡿࡶ㸪Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊ࠾ࡼࡧ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘࢆホ౯ࡋ㸪ࡑ ࢀࡽࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘᑐࡍࡿ㐺⏝ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸬 㸰㸬ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ౪ヨయస〇᪉ἲ ヨᩱࡣ '/ ࢡ࣮ࣞࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬ヨᩱࡢ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁ࢆ ⾲㸯㸪⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ࢆᅗ㸯♧ࡍ㸬 ⾲ ヨᩱࡢ≀⌮ⓗᛶ㉁ ᅵ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ JFP ࢥࣥࢩࢫࢸࣥࢩ࣮ ᾮᛶ㝈⏺ 13 ረᛶ㝈⏺ 13 ⢏ᗘ ࢩࣝࢺศ ⢓ᅵศ 㸦13 ࡣ㠀ረᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ㸧 ౪ヨయࡣ㣬ᅵ⏝୕㍈ᅽ⦰ヨ㦂⨨ࢆ⏝࠸࡚స 〇ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧㸬 ᅗࡢࡼ࠺࣌ࢹࢫࢱࣝෆᚄ 3.5cm ࡢ⟄࣮ࣔࣝ ࢻࢆタ⨨ࡋ㸪ࡑࡇྵỈẚ 60%࡛༑ศ⦎ࡾΰࡐ ࡚⬺Ẽࡋࡓࢫ࣮ࣛࣜ≧ࡢヨᩱࢆὶࡋ㎸ࢇࡔ㸬ヨᩱࡢ 㔞ࡣ㸪㣬ᚋ౪ヨయ㧗ࡉࡀ⣙ 8cm ࡞ࡿࡼ ࠺ㄪᩚࡋࡓ㸬 ࡲࡎ㸪ୖ㠃Ỉ࣭ᗏ㠃㠀Ỉ᮲௳࡛ᅽᐦᅽຊࢆ 8.8㸪19.8㸪49.2kPa ẁ㝵ⓗ㍕Ⲵࡋࡓ㸬ᅽᐦ⤊ ᚋ㸪ᅽᐦᅽຊࢆ 8.8kPa ࡲ࡛㝖Ⲵࡋࡓ㸬ḟ㣬 ࡢࡓࡵୖ㠃࠾ࡼࡧᗏ㠃Ỉ᮲௳࡛ᡤᐃࡢࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࢆస⏝ࡉࡏࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㔜⟶ࣅࣗࣞࢵࢺࡣẼ ᅽ㛤ᨺࡋ㸪ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣࢭࣝᅽࡼࡾㄪ⠇ࡋࡓ㸬 ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢ㝿ࡢᅽᐦᅽຊࡣ 5.7kPa ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ㄪ ᩚࡋࡓ㸬 ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢస⏝ࡼࡾ౪ヨయᗏ㠃ࡽỈࡋ㸪 ౪ヨయࡣ㣬࡞ࡗࡓ㸬㣬⤊ᚋ㸪ࢭࣝᅽ ࢆ 0㸦Ẽᅽ㸧ࡋ࡚㸪ࢭࣝࢆゎయࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪 ౪ヨయࡀ࣌ࢹࢫࢱࣝୖṧࡿࡼ࠺㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻࢆྲྀ ࡾࡣࡎࡋ㸪୍㍈ᅽ⦰ヨ㦂⛣⾜ࡋࡓ㸬 㸱㸬⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ 㸱㸯౪ヨయ ౪ヨయࡢᡂࡢᵝᏊࢆ┿ ♧ࡍ㸬 D E ࡣ ࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ఱࡶሬᕸࡏࡎస〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ㸪 F ࡣ࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢜ࣝࢆሬᕸࡋ࡚ స〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ㠃ఱࡶሬᕸࡏࡎ౪ヨయࢆస〇ࡍࡿ 㸪 D E ࡢᵝ⾲㠃ࡀࡀࢀⴠࡕ㸪ࡽ࡞ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 E ࡣヨᩱࡢ✵Ẽධ್㸦AEV㸹ᚋ㏙㸧 ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆస⏝ࡉࡏ࡚స〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࡀ㸪⾲㠃ࡀࡀࢀⴠࡕࡿྠᑠࡉ࡞ࡦࡧࢀ ࡞ࡶ⏕ࡌࡓ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢜ࣝࢆሬᕸ ࡋ౪ヨయస〇ࢆ⾜࠺ F ࡢᵝ⾲㠃ࡀࡽ࡞ ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ౪ヨయస〇ẁ㝵ࡢ ⤖ᯝࡣࡍ࡚ࡢ౪ヨయࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡀ㸪୍㍈ᅽ ⦰ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲㠃ࡀࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ౪ヨయࡢࡳ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬 (a) (b) (c) ┿ ᡂࡢ౪ヨయ 㸱㸰㣬㐣⛬ Ỉᣲື ᅗ 㣬㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿỈᣲືࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ࡢヨ㦂ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ᣲືࢆぢࡏࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡋ࡚㸪 స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀヨᩱࡢ✵Ẽධ್ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ ヨ㦂㸦70kPa㸧ప࠸ヨ㦂㸦50kPa㸧ࡢࡶࡢࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗࡼࡾస⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㧗࠸࠺ࡀỈ㛗 㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡇỈ㔞ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 ⢏ᚄd (mm) ㏻㐣 ⓒศ⋡ (%) ᅗ ⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ ᅗ ⨨ᅗ
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ᬒᒣ 㸸ணᅽᐦࡋࡓ㣬ᅵࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ ࠺ㄪᩚࡋࡓ㸬 ࡲࡎ㸪ୖ㠃Ỉ࣭ᗏ㠃㠀Ỉ᮲௳࡛ᅽᐦᅽຊࢆ 8.8㸪19.8㸪49.2kPa ẁ㝵ⓗ㍕Ⲵࡋࡓ㸬ᅽᐦ⤊ ᚋ㸪ᅽᐦᅽຊࢆ 8.8kPa ࡲ࡛㝖Ⲵࡋࡓ㸬ḟ㣬 ࡢࡓࡵୖ㠃࠾ࡼࡧᗏ㠃Ỉ᮲௳࡛ᡤᐃࡢࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࢆస⏝ࡉࡏࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪㔜⟶ࣅࣗࣞࢵࢺࡣẼ ᅽ㛤ᨺࡋ㸪ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡣࢭࣝᅽࡼࡾㄪ⠇ࡋࡓ㸬 ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢ㝿ࡢᅽᐦᅽຊࡣ 5.7kPa ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ㄪ ᩚࡋࡓ㸬 ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢస⏝ࡼࡾ౪ヨయᗏ㠃ࡽỈࡋ㸪 ౪ヨయࡣ㣬࡞ࡗࡓ㸬㣬⤊ᚋ㸪ࢭࣝᅽ ࢆ 0㸦Ẽᅽ㸧ࡋ࡚㸪ࢭࣝࢆゎయࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪 ౪ヨయࡀ࣌ࢹࢫࢱࣝୖṧࡿࡼ࠺㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻࢆྲྀ ࡾࡣࡎࡋ㸪୍㍈ᅽ⦰ヨ㦂⛣⾜ࡋࡓ㸬 㸱㸬⤖ᯝ࠾ࡼࡧ⪃ᐹ 㸱㸯౪ヨయ ౪ヨయࡢᡂࡢᵝᏊࢆ┿ ♧ࡍ㸬 D E ࡣ ࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ఱࡶሬᕸࡏࡎస〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ㸪 F ࡣ࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢜ࣝࢆሬᕸࡋ࡚ స〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ㠃ఱࡶሬᕸࡏࡎ౪ヨయࢆస〇ࡍࡿ 㸪 D E ࡢᵝ⾲㠃ࡀࡀࢀⴠࡕ㸪ࡽ࡞ࡽ ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 E ࡣヨᩱࡢ✵Ẽධ್㸦AEV㸹ᚋ㏙㸧 ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࢆస⏝ࡉࡏ࡚స〇ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࡀ㸪⾲㠃ࡀࡀࢀⴠࡕࡿྠᑠࡉ࡞ࡦࡧࢀ ࡞ࡶ⏕ࡌࡓ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢜ࣝࢆሬᕸ ࡋ౪ヨయస〇ࢆ⾜࠺ F ࡢᵝ⾲㠃ࡀࡽ࡞ ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ౪ヨయస〇ẁ㝵ࡢ ⤖ᯝࡣࡍ࡚ࡢ౪ヨయࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡀ㸪୍㍈ᅽ ⦰ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲㠃ࡀࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ౪ヨయࡢࡳ ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ㸬 (a) (b) (c) ┿ ᡂࡢ౪ヨయ 㸱㸰㣬㐣⛬ Ỉᣲື ᅗ 㣬㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿỈᣲືࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ࡢヨ㦂ࡶྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞ᣲືࢆぢࡏࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡋ࡚㸪 స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀヨᩱࡢ✵Ẽධ್ࡼࡾ㧗࠸ ヨ㦂㸦70kPa㸧ప࠸ヨ㦂㸦50kPa㸧ࡢࡶࡢࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗࡼࡾస⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㧗࠸࠺ࡀỈ㛗 㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡇỈ㔞ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.001 0.01 0.1 ⢏ᚄd (mm) ㏻㐣 ⓒศ⋡ (%) ᅗ ⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ ᅗ ⨨ᅗ 㫽 ྲྀ Ꮫ Ꮫ 㝔 ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉㸭ᕤ Ꮫ 㒊 ◊ ✲ ሗ ࿌ ➨㸱㸷ྕ Ỉศಖᣢ≉ᛶ ᅗ 㣬స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦s㸧 㣬⤊ࡢ㣬ᗘ㸦Sr㸧㸪ྵỈẚ㸦w㸧㸪 Ỉ㔞㸦ǻVw㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗࡼࡾ s ࡀ⣙ 60kPa ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ Sr㸪w㸪ǻVwࡣࡰ ୍ᐃ್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪s ࡀ 60kPa ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ ǻVwࡣቑ࠼ጞ ࡵ㸪Sr㸪w ࡣపྵỈ≧ែ⛣⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀࢃ ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡼࡾ㸪ヨᩱࡢ AEV ࡣ⣙ 60kPa ุ᩿ ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 s䠄kPa) w (%), Sr (%), ǻ Vw (cm 3 ) w Sr ǻVw ᅗ ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㣬ᗘ㸪ྵỈẚ㸪Ỉ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦㣬⤊㸧 㸱㸱㍈ᅽ⦰㐣⛬ ᅗ ᅽ⦰୰࠾ࡅࡿࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㍈᪉ྥᅽ⦰ᛂ ຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㸪ᅗ ᅽ⦰ᛂຊ㍈᪉ྥᅽ⦰ࡦࡎࡳ ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪ซࡢᩘᏐࡣ㣬 స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢࡁࡉࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ሬࡾࡘࡪࡋ ࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࡣ㣬ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ヨ㦂㸦ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ AEV ௨ୗ㸧㸪ⓑᢤࡁࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࡣ㣬ᗘࡢప࠸ࡶࡢ㸦ࢧࢡ ࢩࣙࣥ AEV ௨ୖ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬 ᅗ 5 ࡼࡾ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀࢇኚ ࡋ࡞࠸ᛂຊᇦࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᛂຊᇦࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࢧࢡ ࢩࣙࣥࡀࡁࡃῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢧ ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀῶᑡࡋጞࡵࡿⅬࢆᑠࡉ࡞࣐࣮ࢡ࡛♧ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓᅽ⦰㛤ጞࡢࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸧 ࡀప࠸ࡶࡢࡣᅽ⦰ᛂຊࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ㐩ࡍࡿ๓ࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࡀ୍᪦ୖ᪼ࡋ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࡧῶᑡࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ 6 ࡼࡾ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿ึᮇぢࡽࢀࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢኚ ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ᛂຊᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡎࡳࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࡇࡢᛂຊ ᇦࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࡦࡎࡳࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀప࠸ࡶࡢᅽ⦰ᛂຊ᭱ ࡢࡦࡎࡳࡀࡁ࠸㸬 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻝 㻝 time (min)㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜 ǻ Vw (cm 3) 㼟㻩㻡㻜㼗㻼㼍 㼟㻩㻣㻜㼗㻼㼍 ᅗ Ỉᣲື
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s (kPa) ı (kPa) 40 50 55 65 70 80 ᅗ ㍈ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ㛵ಀ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 10 20 30 İ (%) ı (kPa 䠅 40 50 55 65 70 80 ᅗ ㍈ᅽ⦰ᛂຊᅽ⦰ࡦࡎࡳ㛵ಀ 61Ỉศಖᣢ≉ᛶ ᅗ 㣬స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦s㸧 㣬⤊ࡢ㣬ᗘ㸦Sr㸧㸪ྵỈẚ㸦w㸧㸪 Ỉ㔞㸦ǻVw㸧ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗࡼࡾ s ࡀ⣙ 60kPa ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ Sr㸪w㸪ǻVwࡣࡰ ୍ᐃ್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪s ࡀ 60kPa ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ ǻVwࡣቑ࠼ጞ ࡵ㸪Sr㸪w ࡣపྵỈ≧ែ⛣⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࡀࢃ ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࡇࡼࡾ㸪ヨᩱࡢ AEV ࡣ⣙ 60kPa ุ᩿ ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 0 20 40 60 80 100 20 40 60 80 s䠄kPa) w (%), Sr (%), ǻ Vw (cm 3 ) w Sr ǻVw ᅗ ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㣬ᗘ㸪ྵỈẚ㸪Ỉ㔞ࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦㣬⤊㸧 㸱㸱㍈ᅽ⦰㐣⛬ ᅗ ᅽ⦰୰࠾ࡅࡿࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㍈᪉ྥᅽ⦰ᛂ ຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㸪ᅗ ᅽ⦰ᛂຊ㍈᪉ྥᅽ⦰ࡦࡎࡳ ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪ซࡢᩘᏐࡣ㣬 స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢࡁࡉࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬ሬࡾࡘࡪࡋ ࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࡣ㣬ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ヨ㦂㸦ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ AEV ௨ୗ㸧㸪ⓑᢤࡁࡢ࣐࣮ࢡࡣ㣬ᗘࡢప࠸ࡶࡢ㸦ࢧࢡ ࢩࣙࣥ AEV ௨ୖ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬 ᅗ 5 ࡼࡾ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀࢇኚ ࡋ࡞࠸ᛂຊᇦࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᛂຊᇦࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࢧࢡ ࢩࣙࣥࡀࡁࡃῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ࡇࡢࢧ ࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀῶᑡࡋጞࡵࡿⅬࢆᑠࡉ࡞࣐࣮ࢡ࡛♧ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓᅽ⦰㛤ጞࡢࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸦ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㸧 ࡀప࠸ࡶࡢࡣᅽ⦰ᛂຊࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ㐩ࡍࡿ๓ࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࡀ୍᪦ୖ᪼ࡋ㸪ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࡧῶᑡࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ 6 ࡼࡾ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿ึᮇぢࡽࢀࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢኚ ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ᛂຊᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡦࡎࡳࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ࡇࡢᛂຊ ᇦࢆ㐣ࡂࡿࡦࡎࡳࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀప࠸ࡶࡢᅽ⦰ᛂຊ᭱ ࡢࡦࡎࡳࡀࡁ࠸㸬 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻝 㻝 time (min)㻝㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜 㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜 ǻ Vw (cm 3) 㼟㻩㻡㻜㼗㻼㼍 㼟㻩㻣㻜㼗㻼㼍 ᅗ Ỉᣲື
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s (kPa) ı (kPa) 40 50 55 65 70 80 ᅗ ㍈ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ㛵ಀ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 0 10 20 30 İ (%) ı (kPa 䠅 40 50 55 65 70 80 ᅗ ㍈ᅽ⦰ᛂຊᅽ⦰ࡦࡎࡳ㛵ಀ 㸱㸲୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘࡢ⌮ㄽⓗホ౯ %LVKRS ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃホ౯ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪quࡣḟᘧ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀࡿ>@ f rf B B u ' sin 1 ' sin 2 s S q I I ࡇࡇI'Bࡣ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊ㛵ࡍࡿࡏࢇ᩿ ᢠゅ㸪ῧ࠼Ꮠࡢ f ࡣ◚ቯࢆពࡍࡿ㸬 ᅗ I'Bࡢ್ࢆ 30㹼40rࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ኚࡉࡏࡓ ࡁࡢ qu Srf㺃sfࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ㛵ಀ㸪༶ࡕᘧ ࡼࡿィ⟬ ್ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬I'B=I'㸦I'ࡣ㣬ᅵࡢෆ㒊ᦶ ᧿ ゅ 㸧 ௬ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ୕ ㍈ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡽ Ỵ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ I'=35rࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㸪స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀప ࠸ヨ㦂ࡣᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆࡰㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡀ㸪స⏝ࡉࡏࡓ ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㧗࠸ヨ㦂ࡣᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ┦ᙜࡍࡿI'B ᖜࡢ࠶ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 10 20 30 40 50 Srfsf (kPa) qu (kPa) 40 50 55 65 70 80 ȭ'B=ȭ' =35° ȭB=40° ȭ'B=30° ᅗ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃホ౯ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧࡼࡿホ౯ Fredlund ࡽࡣḟᘧ࡛㣬ᅵࡢࡏࢇ᩿ᙉᗘ IJfࢆホ ౯ࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 b f netf f V tanI' tanI W s I'ࡣ㣬ᅵࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊ㛵ࡍࡿෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅ㸪Ibࡣ ınetࢆ୍ᐃࡋࡓࡁࡢ IJfᑐࡍࡿ◚ቯࡢࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⾲ࡍࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᛂຊࡀୖᘧࡢ◚ቯໟ⤡⥺᥋ࡍࡿ௬ᐃࡍࡿ b f u tan ' sin 1 ' cos 2 I I I s q ࠸࠺ᘧࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㸬ᘧ ࡽIbࡢࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ౫ Ꮡᛶࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬ᘧ ࡼࡾ㸪 f u 1 b ' sin 1 ' cos 2 tan s q ¸¸ ¹ · ¨¨ © § I I I ࡇࡢᘧࡽ㸪qu sfࡢᐇ㦂್ᑐᛂࡍࡿIbࢆồࡵ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓIbࢆ s fᑐ ࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡍࡿᅗ ࢆᚓࡿ㸬ᅗࡼࡾ㸪sfࡀࡁ ࡃ࡞ࡿࡘࢀIbࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 15 20 25 30 35 0 20 40 60 80 100 sf (kPa) 䃥 b (°) 40 50 55 65 70 80 䠄sf=20kPa䠈ȭ b=30.9°䠅 ᅗ 8 sfIbࡢ㛵ಀ ᅗ ࡣ㸪sfࡀ᭱ᑠ࡞ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦sf=20kPa=sfr㸧㸪 Ib=30.9°=Ib r㸧ࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚Ib sf ࢆṇつࡋ㸪 Ib/Ib r sf/sfrࡢᑐᩘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ഴྥࡽࡣࡎࢀࡓ 1 ࡘࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆ㝖ࡃ㸪ḟࡢ┤ ⥺ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡛㏆ఝ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 1 log fr f b r b ¸¸ ¹ · ¨¨ © § I I s s a 㸦a ࡣᐃᩘ㸧 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1 sf/sfr 10 ȭ b / ȭ b r 40 50 55 65 70 80 a =-0.19 a =-0.23䠄ᖹᆒ್䠅 a =-0.27 ᅗ sf/sfrIb/Ibrࡢ㛵ಀΎỈṇ႐࣭ᬒᒣ 㸸ணᅽᐦࡋࡓ㣬ᅵࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ 㸱㸲୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘࡢ⌮ㄽⓗホ౯ %LVKRS ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃホ౯ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪quࡣḟᘧ࡛⾲ࡉ ࢀࡿ>@ f rf B B u ' sin 1 ' sin 2 s S q I I ࡇࡇI'Bࡣ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊ㛵ࡍࡿࡏࢇ᩿ ᢠゅ㸪ῧ࠼Ꮠࡢ f ࡣ◚ቯࢆពࡍࡿ㸬 ᅗ I'Bࡢ್ࢆ 30㹼40rࡢ⠊ᅖ࡛ኚࡉࡏࡓ ࡁࡢ qu Srf㺃sfࡢ⌮ㄽⓗ㛵ಀ㸪༶ࡕᘧ ࡼࡿィ⟬ ್ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍ㸬I'B=I'㸦I'ࡣ㣬ᅵࡢෆ㒊ᦶ ᧿ ゅ 㸧 ௬ ᐃ ࡋ 㸪 ୕ ㍈ ᅽ ⦰ ヨ 㦂 ࡽ Ỵ ᐃ ࡋ ࡓ I'=35rࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ㸪స⏝ࡉࡏࡓࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀప ࠸ヨ㦂ࡣᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࢆࡰㄝ࡛᫂ࡁࡿࡀ㸪స⏝ࡉࡏࡓ ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㧗࠸ヨ㦂ࡣᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ┦ᙜࡍࡿI'B ᖜࡢ࠶ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 0 50 100 150 200 250 0 10 20 30 40 50 Srfsf (kPa) qu (kPa) 40 50 55 65 70 80 ȭ'B=ȭ' =35° ȭB=40° ȭ'B=30° ᅗ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃホ౯ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧࡼࡿホ౯ Fredlund ࡽࡣḟᘧ࡛㣬ᅵࡢࡏࢇ᩿ᙉᗘ IJfࢆホ ౯ࡍࡿࡇࢆᥦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 b f netf f V tanI' tanI W s I'ࡣ㣬ᅵࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊ㛵ࡍࡿෆ㒊ᦶ᧿ゅ㸪Ibࡣ ınetࢆ୍ᐃࡋࡓࡁࡢ IJfᑐࡍࡿ◚ቯࡢࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⾲ࡍࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᛂຊࡀୖᘧࡢ◚ቯໟ⤡⥺᥋ࡍࡿ௬ᐃࡍࡿ b f u tan ' sin 1 ' cos 2 I I I s q ࠸࠺ᘧࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘ㸬ᘧ ࡽIbࡢࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ౫ Ꮡᛶࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬ᘧ ࡼࡾ㸪 f u 1 b ' sin 1 ' cos 2 tan s q ¸¸ ¹ · ¨¨ © § I I I ࡇࡢᘧࡽ㸪qu sfࡢᐇ㦂್ᑐᛂࡍࡿIbࢆồࡵ ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡼ࠺ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡓIbࢆ s fᑐ ࡋ࡚ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡍࡿᅗ ࢆᚓࡿ㸬ᅗࡼࡾ㸪sfࡀࡁ ࡃ࡞ࡿࡘࢀIbࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 15 20 25 30 35 0 20 40 60 80 100 sf (kPa) 䃥 b (°) 40 50 55 65 70 80 䠄sf=20kPa䠈ȭ b=30.9°䠅 ᅗ 8 sfIbࡢ㛵ಀ ᅗ ࡣ㸪sfࡀ᭱ᑠ࡞ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸦sf=20kPa=sfr㸧㸪 Ib=30.9°=Ib r㸧ࢆᇶ‽ࡋ࡚Ib sf ࢆṇつࡋ㸪 Ib/Ib r sf/sfrࡢᑐᩘࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ഴྥࡽࡣࡎࢀࡓ 1 ࡘࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࢆ㝖ࡃ㸪ḟࡢ┤ ⥺ⓗ࡞㛵ಀ࡛㏆ఝ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 1 log fr f b r b ¸¸ ¹ · ¨¨ © § I I s s a 㸦a ࡣᐃᩘ㸧 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1 sf/sfr 10 ȭ b / ȭ b r 40 50 55 65 70 80 a =-0.19 a =-0.23䠄ᖹᆒ್䠅 a =-0.27 ᅗ sf/sfrIb/Ibrࡢ㛵ಀ 㫽 ྲྀ Ꮫ Ꮫ 㝔 ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉㸭ᕤ Ꮫ 㒊 ◊ ✲ ሗ ࿌ ➨㸱㸷ྕ ᅗ୰㸪ୖ㝈ୗ㝈┦ᙜࡍࡿ a ࡢ್㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㸪 ࡑࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬a ࡢྛ್ᑐࡋ࡚ᘧ ࡽ Ibࢆ sfࡢ㛵ᩘࡋ࡚⾲ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ㛵ಀࢆ ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᘧ ࡼࡾ qu sfࡢ㛵ಀࢆィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⤖ ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪3 ᮏࡢ᭤⥺ࡣ a ࡢྛ್ ᑐᛂࡍࡿィ⟬್㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᅗ 10 ࡼࡾ㸪Ibࡢ sfᑐࡍࡿ㠀⥺ᙧᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂್ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿ㸬㠀⥺ᙧᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧ ࡛ࡣᐇ㦂್ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 sf (kPa) qu (kP a) 40 50 55 65 70 80 ᘧ ᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓィ⟬್ a =䇲0.27 a =-0.19 a =-0.23 ᅗ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧࡼࡿホ౯ 㸲㸬⤖ㄽ ౪ヨయస〇 ౪ヨయస〇࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢜ࣝ ࢆሬᕸࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻࢆྲྀࡾࡣࡎࡋࡓ㝿 ࡢ౪ヨయ⾲㠃ࡢࢀࢆ㜵ࡄࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬 ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㺃ࡦࡎࡳ㛵ಀ ᛂຊ̺ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㺃ࡦࡎࡳࡢᣲືࡣᅽ⦰୰ࡢࢧࢡ ࢩࣙࣥࡢኚືࡀࡁ࠸ࡶࡢᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢศࡅࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢప࠸ࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࡢኚືࡀࡁࡃ㸪ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࡀ᭱࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ ࡦࡎࡳࡀࡁ࠸㸬୍᪉㸪ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ ࡣ㸪ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢኚືࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࡀ᭱ ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࡦࡎࡳࡀᑠࡉ࠸㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉ ᗘࡣࡁ࠸㸬 ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪㣬ᗘࡢ㧗࠸౪ ヨయࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ quࡣホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪㣬ᗘࡢ ప࠸౪ヨయࡢᙉᗘ quࡣ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧ࡛ࡣᖜᗈ࠸㣬ᗘࡢヨ㦂⤖ᯝ ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪Ibࡢࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ⪃៖ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣ㸪➨ⴭ⪅ࡀᅵᮌᕤᏛ⛉༞ᴗ◊✲ ࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅵᮌᕤᏛㅮᗙᴮ᫂₩ᩍ ᤵ㸪ᢏ⾡㒊ᒾᡂᩗẶࡈᣦᑟࢆ㈷ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ 㦂㝿ࡋ࡚ᑎ᪉῟Ặ࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬グࡋ࡚ㅰ ពࢆ⾲ࡍࡿ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ >@ΎỈṇ႐㸪ᮌୗ⪽㸪すᒸ㱟㸸⥾ᅛࡵࡓ㣬 ᅵࡢ⥾ᅛࡵ≉ᛶ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᣲື㸪ᅵᮌᏛ➨ ᅇᖺḟᏛ⾡ㅮ₇㸪Ϫ㸪㸬 >@ΎỈṇ႐㸪ᰗ℩ెྐ㸸⥾ᅛࡵࡓ㣬ࢩࣝࢺࡢ ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ㸸⢏Ꮚ㛫ᆶ┤ᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃ⪃ ᐹ㸪ᅵᮌᏛ➨ ᅇᖺḟᏛ⾡ㅮ₇㸪Ϫ̺㸪 㸬 㸦ཷ⌮ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧 63
