神は細部に宿り給うか？

(1)

ኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȴ⏱

⏎ܩݖ቉ድɴȲȿʳȋᏳᨆȍɭȋԍкȍ⏎

ೠǵ೴ǵ߂ǵ໠*

Does God Dwell in Detail?:

“Detail” and “Concreteness” in Area Studies

KIMUR A Daiji*

How microscopic details should be collected and analyzed has often been discussed in area studies. Having studied the social interaction of farmers and hunter-gatherers in Africa, I believe the aphorism often quoted by German art historian Aby Warburg, “God dwells in detail” can be applied to area studies. Through the detailed description of social interactions, analysis can be broadened to many kinds of problems in the area. There are, however, certain conditions that make the study of “details” into area studies. One may be to collect data which are not only “true,” but also “interesting”; and another is to position them correctly in the context of current academic interest.

1 ȅΨ΃ȆάΈηȜ͈ఆ́

ǵኽɻȦʚ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡ͹ˡ͍͡ͻͲആ׫ᨆɹၖय़ᮒകɹμɴȡʳ⏋̫ˡ͹̴˫͊ͻɹ೴ɫɄɹ ؅ዣ⏃ɹ೎՟ɹ̫ͻ˻͚Ͳ⏆ˁೆȦɩȦʳ⏏޺ȴʰࡎњɛɠȵᧉ˃ɫȦʳުȵᓬɄȭɩȼʳ⏏ ߨȵ߂ުɫᠨȴˁ٧˃ɫȦʳ⏏ࢹɌᮐʶɛ̫Ͳ˻͚⏃mbanjo; ᮃЦࢸ࣒⏆ɫ⏋ᅖɛɠȵʖɗʖ ɗɭ᠝ʱȡɤɩȦʳ⏏౾ɹ౗μ⏋೴ɻɑʶɹࢃɹμɴএɤɩȦʳɞȿɫ⏋ުˁЂɌɩɹሾៅɻ ೴ɹμਕʚɫʢঃȵɤɩȦʳ⏏̫ˡ᠝ȵʚɞɗʶʓɰɫȷɲȦɹɫ⏋ៜɤɩȦʳɄɭɹΥᨆɌ ȴʼȴʰɲȦ⏏ɌȴɌȴʶʰᕶ᤹ɴɌɩʛʶɽ⏋ȴɐȴɴᓬɄȭʳᇍ᠌ɫɇȭʢ⏋ɗɹԒࢅˁ ჿៗɐʳɄɭɻᮑɌȼɲȦɻɑɞ⏏̆Ʉɹʭȩɲᯭުᇕᄩޅɹঃȵʱɹμɫ⏋̫ˡɹϺǾɻɰ ɹʭȩɲᐁᱻγᅠˁᅊȷɩȦʳɹȴ⏏ɗɌɩɗʶȵ⏋ȴʶʰɹ኏Цᅊ༎ɭɰɹʭȩɴᬠѥɌɩ Ȧʳɹȴ⏏ɄȩȦɤɛɄɭȵ⏋Ȧʚɹኽɹᬠਕϟɫȡʳ⏏

* ϴᨊ߂࡝߂࡝᭏ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡܩݖ቉ድ቉ድዀ, Graduate School of Asian and African Area Studies, Kyoto University

(2)

ǵࡸ᭬ɰɹʭȩɲ̚ͻ̊ˁ؜ʳȴɭȦȩɭ⏋ɗʶɻࡸɴᏳȴȦϟനɫȡʳ⏏ɗɹʁɭɦ⏏ϺǾ ɹЦ᠌ˁ̲̚ˠɴ௣ɤɩ⏋ɗʶˁΥ᠝Υ᠝ɫȷʳᭉʱਠࡸɴ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺͠˹͚Ͳ⏃᥊៨⏆ˁ ȲɄɲȦ⏋ᓎ៱ɐʳ⏏ɌȴɌ౗।Ц᠌ɭȦȩʢɹɻ⏋య໬ᇕɫɲȦయ⏋ៜȦሁɌ⏋ȡʚʱઝ ٢ɹɲȦ୭ኍ᠁ʦᬚହ᠁ፈȵᰈᇍɌ⏋ɗɹʚʚᠧ˃ɫʢɴʼȴɴჿៗɫȷɲȦɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ʚ ɛ⏋ʁɭɦɹᇍ᠌ɫɇȭʢ⏋ɗʶˁמԃɴჿៗɐʳɛʠɴɻᕛ߂ɲᔘಕሾᡫȵਖឹɲɄɭȵ ȡʳ⏏ʼʶʼʶᕶ᤹ȵ౗ೣ᠝ɹЦ᠌ˁ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺̜͠ɐʳݭغɫɇȭɗȩɲɹɞȵ⏋ሂଝɻ ኽȵʚɞמՕɴᓃၓɌɩɲȦ̫ˡ᠝ɫȡʳ⏏ΥయˁჿៗɐʳɹɴధמՕȴȴʳɄɭʢॕɫɻɲ ȼ⏋ȋ̶̼̼̒͡Ͳ̝ȍˁȋȩɑɛȴȦȍɭ៱ɐɹɴץ౗ȴȴɤɛɭȦȩ⏋ៗкృೆɹᓎ៱ɹ ᗑ֝ȵଂȵ᤹ɴઢɍʰʶɩȼʳɹɫȡʳ⏏1) ǵɄ˃ɲᠭീʢʦɤɩȦʳ⏏೴ɹμɫ⏋ɰɹಁᬚɴɰɹȽʰȦɹᰈ঎ɫᇍ᠌ȵᓬɄȭʳȴˁሾ ʳɛʠɴ⏋15 ዁ɴ 1 ܌⏋1 ዁ᬚᓡˁ࿒ʚɓ⏋ᓡɴԂʳᇍ᠌ɹధɭɗɹዛᰖ⏃ᅖɹުȴߨɹުȴ ࡎњɹުȴ⏋߂ުȴࢸުȴ⏋ሂଝˁ႕ࡴɌɩȦʳȴ႕ࡴɌɩȦɲȦȴ⏆ˁ៨᪼ɐʳɹɫȡʳ⏏ 1 ܌ɹ́̒˹͚Ͳɫ 20 Օዐ঎ᐚȿɩ៨᪼ˁȲɄɲȩɭໆʠɩȦʳɹɞȵ⏋޹౅⏋೴μȵުɫ ȡʈʶȴȭʳಁᬚय़ɫɻ⏋10 Օʢʦʶɽኜᐁȵȼɛȼɛɴɲʱ⏋ȋʢȩȦʦɞȍɭਲ਼ɤɩɌʚ ȩ⏏Ё܌ᦲ፤Ꮭ 30 ಁᬚɄɹс෌ˁȲɄɲɤɛɹɞȵ⏋೎৿ɴɻᔌȵՀɤɩؤԒမȵ 7 ɦʢɫ ȷ⏋ྃ᣸ɴʢɹȵᰩʏʰʶɲȼɲɤɩɌʚɤɛ⏏

2 ȅȶ૰͉ळ໐ͅ਽ͤݯ̠ȷ

ǵГմ⏋ˏ˻ˏ͹ˏ̶͠ˡܩݖ቉ድ቉ድዀɹ̄͊ɫ⏋ɄȩȦɤɛ቉ድɹΥᨆˁᇍᝠɌɛɄɭȵ ȡʳ⏏ɗɹಁ⏋ȡʳఠࡲȴʰ๖ɹʭȩɲ˱͍Ͳ̜ȵȡɤɛ⏏ȋȏኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȑɭȦȩȿ ʶɰ⏋ʦɻʱɄɹʭȩɲᏳȴȦЇϟˁɌɩȦʳɹˁឿʳɭ⏋Ʉʶȵܩݖ቉ድɴɲʳɹȴ⏋ɭȦ ȩɄɭȵຩɴȴȴʳȍ⏏ɗɹɄʸ቉ድዀɻጓɠΫȵɤɛɽȴʱɫ⏋ȋܩݖ቉ድȍɭȦȩؿɹʢɭ ɴɰɹʭȩɲ౅كਸɫ቉ድˁᦽʠɩȦȼɹȴ⏋ฐᏮɹಁೝɫȡɤɛ⏏ɄȩȦɤɛᡴᠶȵɫɩȼ ʳɹɻᕶးɫȡɤɛʸȩɌ⏋ኽʢȡʳዐ঎ϜೝɌɩȦɛɄɭɫʢȡɤɛ⏏ɗɌɩȋኜɻᏳᨆɴ ࢆʱᐌȩȍɭȦȩៜᘽɻೝɓɑɌɩ⏋ኽᕶ᤹ȵਕɹμɫɦʉʦȦɩȦɛៜᘽɞɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏2⏆ ǵኽȵϺᰖ࡝ɹ˱Ͳ̘˪˽̜ɫɄɹៜᘽɴՏЦɤɛɹɻ⏋࡝ᨆᅊಁБ⏋ܩؿ቉ድɫሾʰʶʳ 1) ɄɄɫʦʸȩɭɌɩȦʳɹɻ⏋˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻɹΥࣙᬖɭɌɩɹȋЦ᠌Օഓ conversation analysisȍɹങᏼ ʛˁ຦౏᠖៨ᦚɴ᧟ᅎɐʳɭȦȩ᠅ʛɫȡʳȵ⏋ɗɄɴɻȦȼɦȴɹೣᣒᇕɲکᰍȵ᭦ЫɌɩȦʳ⏏᠎Ᏻɴɦ Ȧɩɻ␩ೠ೴ǵ2001␭ˁؒ၇ɇʶɛȦ⏏ 2) ɄɄɫɻ̊˓͌͹˵Ͳ̺͠Ͳ˫໬ɭȦȩ⏋៟ཀྵᇕ͹ధᩄᇕՕഓ໬ˁ᏷ЂɌɛȵ⏋ɄȩȦɤɛ౅໬ᠶɹʛȵȋኜ ɹࢆʳᏳᨆȍɴᕸʳ᧑ɫȡʳɭς৓ɌɩȦʳʼȿɫɻɲȦ⏏ኽɹݜೣᇕɲጓݭɻ⏋ᠧᓔɴᦗ֐ˁʢɤɩϟᢒȵ ரኍɫȷʳɹɫȡʶɽ⏋ჼᢒ࡝ᇕ⏃య࡝ᇕ⏱⏆ଝ໬ɫʢ⏋͇˪ͦɲՕഓɫʢ⏋ధᩄᇕ౅໬ɫʢ⏋Ʉɞʼʰɑь ȭɽȦȦ⏋ɭȦȩʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ɛʚɛʚɄɹᠭീɹݭغɻ⏋೴ɹμɴྃɠʳުɭȦȩ⏋యጟɫೆȿɽɗʶɞȿ ɹ៨ᦚɴᏺʼɤɩɌʚȩ⏋ɗɌɩ᪼ᯭɌɩரኍɐʳɄɭʢଯ᝗ᇕɴܐᮑɲࢪᢒɫȡɤɛɹɫ⏋15 ዁ɴ 1 ܌ɹ˵ Ͳ̺͠Ͳ˫ɭȦȩଝ໬ˁ؜ɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏

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຦ѯ࡝ᓔ⏋ᢆाҫΥລɹؾؿɹᘿс␩ᢆाǵ1980␭ˁଝɴɌɛɭȷɫȡɤɛ⏏ɦȿȴȭخᔨɲ ̘ͤ̒͡ɴɐȹɲȦȴɹʭȩɴʛɲɇʶ⏋๖Ǿɭ߉ʼʶɩȦɤɩȦʳܩؿȵ⏋Ȧȴɴᩂឹɲ޽ ȼɹɄɭˁШȭɩȦʳ᧨ᅋɫȡʳȴɭȦȩɄɭɴɦȦɩ⏋Ʉɹೣɫɻ᠎ɌȼᠶɍʰʶɩȦʳ⏏ ɗɌɩ̝˓̓ɹᒭ᝗رࢃˏ̲͹ʹˎͻ̸͡͡˫ (Aby Warburg) ɹ߫˃ɫьɤɛɭȦȩൔៜȋኜ ɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩ ŋDer liebe Gott steckt im Detail (The good God dwells in detail)Ōȍˁ⏋ᢆाລ ɻɗɹᘿсɹᝠᰍɭɌɛɹɫȡɤɛ⏏য়ಁ⏋Ϻᰖ࡝ɴਕˁӃȿࠃʠɩȦɛኽȵ⏋৔Ȧ৯ᯱˁ؝ ȿɛೣɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɇɩ⏋ኽɻ̄͊ɹ̚ˑ˽ˡ̒˹͚Ͳɫ⏋๖ɹʭȩɴፐȭɛɭ៨ૡɌɩȦʳ⏏ȋϺǾȵ౗।⏋ ɰɹʭȩɲ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚ͲˁȲɄɲɤɩȦʳȴ⏋ɗɌɩɗʶȵɰɹʭȩɲ׵ᢒˁήȭɩȦʳ ȴɭȦȩɄɭˁȷɠ˃ɭ៨᪼Ɍ⏋ՕഓɐʳɄɭɻ⏋ˏ̶͠ˡɹϺǾɭȦȩʢɹˁჿៗɐʳȩȭ ɫ⏋Јɹ̚ˑ˹̺͠Ͳɴ֯ʳɭʢ֔ʰɲȦᩂឹɇˁ୫ɤɩȦʳɭਲ਼ȩ⏏ᕶՕɻɗȩᓒȭɩЇϟ ˁᐚȿɩȦʳȍ⏏ ǵࡸ᭬ʼʶʼʶɻ⏋̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴᣯȷ⏋ܤܩɹϺǾɭᬏȼᅊ༎ˁԊɴɌɩȦʳɭ⏋ɗɹϺɛɠ ɹ᠌Ɍ౅⏋᤹୷ʱ⏋ϯབʦȿ˃ȴ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛϟᢒɴ౗Ǿɰɤʋʱɭ༡ȴʳɄɭɴɲʳ⏏ɗɌ ɩɗɹʭȩɲ׵ᢒɻ⏋ؾɍ̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴ᝔ɤɛɄɭɹȡʳЗᬚɹȡȦɞɫɻ⏋ȋɗȩɗȩ⏋ɗ ȩɲ˃ɞʭɷȍɭȦɤɛ০ɫ޽ȼˁԊ೑Ɍȡȭʳʢɹɫȡʳ⏏ɌȴɌɗʶˁ៨ᥔ͹ՕഓɌʭȩ ɭɌɛಁဣɫ⏋ʼʶʼʶɻȦȼɦȴɹܐᮑɴዺȷয়ɛɤɩɌʚȩ⏏ɗȩȦɤɛ៨ᥔˁȋς៎ᇕ ɲ׵ᢒɹقᮮȍʭʱΫɹຍ᭥ɴ୫ɤɩȦȼɛʠɹкᏙɻ⏋ȦʚɞמՕɴ఩ҺɇʶɩȦʳɭɻៜ ȭɲȦɌ⏋ɇʰɴɗɹߡɴɻ⏋ᅵయ׋ˁჿៗɐʳɭɻɰȩȦȩɄɭȴ⏋ɗɌɩɗʶɻ؅ჿᇕɴ خᔨɲɹȴ⏋ɭȦɤɛཉխɲکᰍȵดɛʼɤɩȦʳ⏏3⏆ ǵɄȩȦɤɛႥ໥ˁɰȩɐʳɹȴ⏏ኽɴϺᰖ࡝ԃᖔɴʼɛɤɩɹተɛʳɹឿᦲɌȵȡʳʼȿɫ ɻɲȦȵ⏋ኽɻᕶ᤹ɹ቉ድˁГάɹʭȩɴеᒞɧȿɩȦʳ⏏ ǵᦏॷɹ˓Ͳ̊ͻ̦̜̒⏋ொय़ᮚ᠌ɭȦɤɛృɌȦ˱̢͖͊˭ͻ˹͚Ͳ০িɹᇎݭɴʭɤɩ⏋ 3) ʢɠʸ˃౗।ᇕɲሂϣ᝔ဤɹՕഓɻ⏋ៜ᠝ɴᬠɌɩɻ኏Цៜ᠝࡝ʦ˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻ͹Ц᠌Օഓ⏋ɇʰɴɻ ᦏॷɹลඁᓎ៱͹ᯭު᠗ᡫ቉ድɴȲȦɩ⏋ᝠ੻͹᤹୷ʱɻ˥̦˹˪˽⏋˻˙˽̍͑ͻ቉ድɴȲȦɩ⏋᤹кɹе ᒞ؜ʱɻ̺ͦ˪́͊˪˽ɴȲȦɩ⏋ɗʶəʶ቉ድȵɲɇʶɩȷɛ⏏ɄʶʰɴɦȦɩȦɠȦɠᠶ៿ɐʳᏨ३ɻɄ ɄɴɻɲȦȵ⏋ኽȵέמՕɞɭઢɍɩȦʳဣˁȦȼɦȴȡɁɩʛʭȩ⏏ ͹኏Цៜ᠝࡝ɻ⏋մரɭɇʶɛ኏Ц෯ᦶɹȋគଠɠȍɭɌɩɹៜ᠝ჼᢒˁ៨ᦚɐʳɄɭ⏃ɛɭȭɽ⏋մரɭɌ ɩɹ኏Ц᭥ࣝȵȡɤɩ⏋ɗʶˁᝠჼɐʳద᠝ˁՕഓɐʳ⏋ɭȦɤɛ⏆ɴᩂဣˁᒞȦɩȲʱ⏋ሎɴ˓Ͳ̊͞˪ ˹͚̠͡ɲჼᢒˁ୼ȭʭȩɭɌɩȦɲȦʭȩɴឿȭʳ⏏ ͹˛˽̨͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻ͹Ц᠌Օഓɻ⏋Ȳʢɴ቉ድᓔᕶ᤹ɹࣚɐʳ኏Ц⏃ɛɭȭɽ⏋ˏ͍͠ˡμᅋ᭥Ꮹ⏆ˁμਕ ɭɌɛ቉ድɫȡʱ⏋๭ᯆȴʰᅵయ׋ˁࢪᢒɭɌɛʢɹɻࢹɲȦ⏏ʚɛᅵయ׋ˁࢪᢒɭɌɛݭغɫʢ⏋˛˽̨ ͍̝̅ͦ˻ͻ႕೑ɹ˻͑ͻ˳Ͳˁਃഀɹଝ໬ɴ᝵ɓɛɞȿɫȡʱ⏋ȋɗʶȵɲȼɩʢ៨ᦚɫȷʳɹɫɻɲȦ ȴȍɭȦȩ׵ᢒˁୃȴɓʳʢɹȵ޽Ȧ⏏ ͹˥̦˹˪˽ʦ̺ͦ˪́͊˪˽ɻ⏋՟ೝɹЭʃʦȴɲ៨ᥔɹಁೝˁ᧌ȹʳɭ⏋ȋՕᰖɹᦜࡾȍɴԂʱᦉ˃ɫ༎֐ ˁ߉ɤɩɌʚɤɛȴɹʭȩɴឿȭʳ⏏

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౗।ᇕɲሂϣ᝔ဤɹ০઴ɗɹʢɹȵ߂ȷȼ޴׋ɌɩȷɩȦʳ⏏ɗɹᐄഗ⏋ଂǾɹȋԊɴܧʳȍ ɭȦȩઢៅɹݜঈɻʪʰȹ⏋ڒ࡝⏋᠗ሾዀ࡝⏋኏Ц࡝⏋៟፤ลዀ࡝ɭȦɤɛᡉՕᩃɴȲȦɩ⏋ ሂϣ᝔ဤɹՕഓɻμਕᇕɲ̘ͻ͇ɭɲʱɦɦȡʳɹɞȵ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛ቉ድɹݜᇻɭɲʳჿᠶ ⏃␩˹̨͑Ͳ༑ɹ␭੻ݬჿᠶ⏋ៜ᠝᝔ဤᠶ⏋Ц᠌Օഓ⏋᠝ᅎᠶፈǾ⏆ɻ⏋Ϻᰖ࡝ᓔɹᇿɴɻ⏋ី ๘ᇕɲ̫˓ˏ˽ˁ৔ȼȩȿɛႷࢸɲʢɹɭɌɩ౱ʰɊʳˁ਄ɲȦɹɫȡʳ⏏ኽȵˏ̶͠ˡɫឿ ɛሂϣ᝔ဤɹ෵িɻ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛ̫˓ˏ˽ˁઢɍɇɓʳɹɴמՕɲᲊȷˁήȭɩȼʶɛ⏏ɗɹ ᅵᣒɫᢌደɲ˱̢͖͊˭ͻ˹͚Ͳˁ៨ᥔɐʳɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋ౖࡔɹᡉჿᠶɴࢪɐʳˡ˗Ͳ̊ͻ ɭɐʳɄɭ⏋Ʉʶȵኽɹʚɑʢɤɩɹᇿฌɫȡʳ⏏ ǵΥ౅⏋ȋᕶՕɛɠɹʦʱ౅ȍɴࢪɐʳȋᅵɲɤɛʦʱ౅ȍˁரኍɐʳь٨ˁ୫ɤɩȦɛɻɑ ɹϺᰖ࡝ɴȲȦɩ⏋ሂϣ᝔ဤ቉ድɻᦏॷʞɌʸάတɫȡʳ⏏Ӵɴᦚʏɛʭȩɴ⏋̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴ ԂɤɛϺᰖ࡝ᓔɹຩɧȼ⏋ܤܩɹϺǾɹᅵᣒɲᬠѥɹɭʱᐄʃ౅ˁ៨ᥔɐʳɛʠɹៜᘽɻ⏋Ȧ ʚɞמՕɭɻਲ਼ȭɲȦ⏏Ʉɹʭȩɲ⏋ჼᢒɹ៨ᦚɭՕഓങᏼʛɹল៯⏋ؘ౅ȵϣȦˁਖឹɭɌ ɩȦʳȵԊɴೡଁၓɫȡʳɭȦȩੲ਌ᄩɹΥጩɴȼɇʃˁଠɠᦉʛ⏋ሂϣ᝔ဤɹȋᯆᇐɇȍˁ ȡʰʼɴɌɩʪȼɴɻɰȩɐʶɽʭȦȴ⏏ኽȵ౗Ǿਲ਼ȦʠȽʰɌɩȦʳɹɻɗȩȦȩɄɭɫȡ ʳ⏏

3 ȅ౷֖ࡄݪ͂ȶळ໐ȷ

ǵɇɩɌȴɌ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛ቉ድȵɲɕȋܩݖȍ቉ድɭ٧ɽʶȩʳɹȴ⏏ɗɹဣɴɦȦɩʢȩࢹ ɌೆȦɩȲȴɷɽɲʳʚȦ⏏ࡸ᭬ȋɗʶɤɩܩݖ቉ድɲɹ⏱ȍɭȦȩکȦɻ⏋ɗɹؿˁ஥Ɂɩ ቉ድˁᦽʠʳʢɹɛɠȵ⏋ЈᓔɴࢪɌɩ⏋ɗɌɩᕶʰɴࢪɌɩ⏋ᰈᑢɴହɁȴȿʳᆄکɲɹɫ ȡʳ⏏ ǵʚɑکᰍɭɲʳɹɻ⏋ȋܩݖ቉ድ area studiesȍɭȦȩؿዌɹៗᨾɫȡʳ⏏ȋܩݖ቉ድɭɻл ˁ቉ድɐʳɄɭɲɹȴ⏱ȍɭȦȩکȦɴࢪɌɩɻ⏋ɭʱȡȭɑɻ๖ɹʭȩɴፐȭʳɄɭȵɫȷ ʳɞʸȩ⏏ȋɗʶɻܩݖɫɐȍ⏏ ǵܕ᠝ϟԎ⏃Ϊህݟȋ߂᥻കȍፀ 2 ႆ⏆ɴʭʳɭȋܩݖȍɹᠦ౩ɻГάɹʭȩɫȡʳ⏏ 1⏏ךՖʰʶɛȡʳ፴ܑɹܤܩ⏏ 2⏏క໠͹ᐁཕ͹య׋ɹȩȭɫ⏋Υࡴɹ႕ਐˁʢɤɛዷᬚɹ᯿ݖ⏏ԃк኏ЦɹΥᨆˁ෯ଁɐʳ⏏ 3⏏ܕ᭬ᬠѥɴȲȦɩΥࡴɹႶጓɌɛܩеˁ୫ɦࡔܧ⏏دཱྀ͹᱗ཬɲɰ⏏ 1 ᅱᇿɻᯃ।ɴ؅ᒶᇕɲᠦ౩ɫȡʱ⏋3 ᅱᇿɻȋܕɭܩݖȍɭȦȩ˱Ͳ̘˪˽̜ɫьʼʶʳᅎ ໬ɲɹɫ⏋ȋܩݖ቉ድȍˁᠶɍʳɭȷɴکᰍɭɲʳɹɻʓʖ 2 ᅱᇿɹઝ٢ɫȡʳɭȦɤɩʭȦ ɞʸȩ⏏ɭʱȡȭɑɻȋዷᬚਸȍȵࡴᒶɹμਕɭɲɤɩȦʳʭȩɴឿȭʳȵ⏋ʭȼᓒȭɩʛʶ

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ɽȋȏΥࡴɹ႕ਐˁʢɤɛȑዷᬚɹ᯿ݖȍɭȦȩɹɻ⏋ɭɩʢ޽ᒶᇕɲៜȦ౅ɫȡʳ⏏ȋΥࡴ ɹ႕ਐȍɭɻлɲɹȴ⏏ɗɹໆʠ౅ɴʭɤɩ⏋ȋܩݖȍɻȦȴʭȩɴʢ޴০Ɍȩʳɞʸȩ⏏ȋܩ ݖȍȋˁȍ቉ድɐʳ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭɴɲʳɭ⏋ܩݖɭȦȩʢɹȵଝɴ៘ʶʰʶʳлʰȴɹࡸкɭ Ɍɩࡔܧɐʳ⏋ɭȦȩઢȵ৔ȼɲɤɩɌʚȩ⏏ɌȴɌ⏋ȋܩݖȍɭɻ⏋ɗʶȋˁȍ቉ድɐʳ⏋ ɭȦɤɛ০ɫᇿᇕ᠝ɹеᒞɴᒞȷȩʳࢪᢒɫɻɲȼ⏋ȦʼɽɇʚɊʚɲϟᢒȵ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚ ͲˁᣱɄɐȋݭȍɲɹɫȡʳ⏏ɗɌɩ⏋቉ድɇʶʳʏȷɻ⏋ࡸɻɗɹ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɲɹɫ ɻɲȦȴ⏋ɭኽɻᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏ ǵ̫ˡɹᇍ᠌ɭȦȩȋᏳᨆȍɴኽɻɄɞʼɤɩȦʳ⏏ɌȴɌᇍ᠌ɹ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺͠˹͚ͲˁȲ ɄɲɤɩȦɩ⏋ɗɄɴჼʼʶɩȼʳɹɻ⏋ɛɭȭɽГάɹʭȩɲ⏋޽෵ɲϟᢒɫȡʳ⏏ ͹̫ˡɭᦏ᭰ɹᦅᓚ຦̫˪˗˙ͤɭɹᬚɹ਎ߴɲ኏Цᬠѥ⏏ȴʶʰؾަɻࢪᯆᇕɴɻɅȼॶ ٮɴɦȷȡɤɩȦʳɹɞȵ⏋̫ˡؾަɹЦ᠌ɹ̜͞Ͳ˽˪̺̜͠ɴɻ⏋ȋ̫˪˗˙ͤɻੲ Ȧȍȋ̫˪˗˙ͤɻȩʳɇȦȍɭȦɤɛੲؤȵᰈᑢɴᇎݭɐʳ⏏ჼࡸɻ⏋ɗɹɰɠʰɹ઴ ঎ȵȋᝠȍɫ⏋ɰɠʰȵȋគȍɞ⏋ɭȦȭʳʭȩɲ׬ᏤɲႥ໥ɫɻɲȦ⏏ ͹̫ˡɹᮾॷೝɴȲȿʳ኏Ц׋ɹ̺ͦ́˽⏏ኽɹ̲̚ˠɴɻ⏋ᮃЦଘɴʁɭʱɫএɤɩ⏋ᕶ Օɹਖ਼ࡎʍɹઠᆧˁযǾɭ߂ުɫ᠝ʳᅖɹࠒȵ៨᪼ɇʶɩȦʳ⏏ȋ⏃ਖ਼ࡎɹ⏆̾˭͡ɻȦɦ ʚɫʢ᧙ȼɹ೴ˁʈʰʈʰɌɩȦɩ⏋ࢃɴॠɤɩɄɲȦ⏏ທ៊ɻᆖຩɞɹɴȍ⏏ɌȴɌᮾ ॷೝɴ⏋ɗɹʭȩɴ೴Ǿˁཡʱ๰ȼɹɻ⏋ȴʶʰɴɭɤɩɹᨗұᓔஜɌɹᩂឹɲ̺ͦ́˽ ʰɌȦ⏏ ͹ᕶး͹ᄩޅɴࢪɐʳᬠਕɹكȿ౅⏏̫ˡɹɴȹʦɲЦ᠌ɹμɴɻ⏋๖ɹʭȩɲ᠌ᰍȵᰈᑢ ɴᇎݭɐʳ⏏ගɫ߂ᢌсɹ̶˙˭⏃ feke; ̸̒˹͖͇Ͳ˳ͻ⏆ɹࡸˁ؜ɤɩȷɩ⏋ɗʶˁ ᰩʏɛʰຳɫ೓ȵູʶɛɭȦȩጷȦ᠌⏋კ႒ɹᔀˁᕶՕɴՕȿɩȼʶɲȦȴɭȦȩ᠌⏋᧙ ȼɹගɴ᝔ɤɩ⏋ɰ˃ɲɴɛȼɇ˃ɹᜂᜍˁ؜ɤɛȴɭȦȩ᠌⏋˵̶ˎ⏃safa; ᩃᅊɹ͓ ͌˓͐⏆ȵȋᅣɴඨȭɩȡʳʭȩɴȍɛȼɇ˃؜ʶʳගɹ᠌⏏ ͹̫ˡ኏Цɭ޺ᨆγᅠɭɹᬠѥ⏏೴ɴ̸̝͡ͻ˸ȵʦɤɩȷɩ⏋ยˁሁɌ⏋᧑ˁঃɁʳɄɭ ɴɦȦɩɹᠶ៿⏏WWF ⏃ȴʶʰɻȋ̝̲̝̲ȍɭᇍᯭɐʳ⏆ɹϺɛɠȵႵჃˁըᭉɌʭ ȩɭɐʳɄɭɴࢪɐʳయئ⏏ ǵɄɄɴȡɁɛɹɻ⏋ኽȵᣱɄɌɛቁȦЦ᠌́̒˹͚Ͳɹμɴᇎݭɐʳ⏋ɇɇȦɲϟёɴɐ ȹɲȦ⏏ɌȴɌɗɹμɴɇȭʢ⏋ɄɹܩݖɫᣱɄɤɩȦʳࡸɴɇʚɊʚɲϟᢒᬚɹ˓Ͳ̊͞˪

(6)

˹͚Ͳȵឿɩ؜ʶʳ⏏ɗɄȴʰȦʸȦʸɲ౅كɴ᠌ȵঃɁɩȦȿɗȩɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɄȩȦɤɛᢌ࢏ɲ຦౏᠖ᇕ̚ͻ̊ʢ߂޴ɴᯆᇐȦɹɞȵ⏋ኽɹᖂ٢ɹμਕɻ⏋ȴʶʰ̫ˡ͹ ̴˫͊ͻɹ኏Цᇕ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɹ০઴ɗɹʢɹɴȡʳ⏏᠎ɌȦɄɭˁೆȼᏨ३ɻɄɄɴɻ ɲȦȵ⏋ȴʶʰɹᇍ᠌ʦ᝔֪ɴȲȿʳෑጩɲԊᴡਸ⏋˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɹȋരʰȴɇȍ⏋ɗȩ Ȧɤɛჼᢒɻ⏋Гմ቉ድɌɩȦɛ̫Ͳ̜˕ͻᏙᦅᓚ຦ɭʢ⏋ɗɌɩଂǾ౗ೣϺɭʢȷʼɞɤɩ ᅵɲʳʢɹɫȡʳ␩ೠ೴ǵ2000; Kimura 2001␭⏏ჼܧ⏋Ц᠌ˁμਕɭɐʳ˓Ͳ̊͞˪˹͚Ͳɹ ቉ድɻ⏋ៜ᠝࡝ʦ኏Ц࡝ɞȿɫɻɲȼ⏋᠗ሾዀ࡝⏋Ϻूሾᔨ቉ድɭȦɤɛՕᩃɫʢ߂ȷȼᇵʱ ΫȵʱˁឿɓɩȦʳȵ⏋̫ˡɹЦ᠌෯ᦶɹϟёɻ⏋ɗɄɴȡʳዛɹ˓Ͳ̮˪̜ˁήȭȩʳɹɫ ɻɲȦȴɭᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏ ǵኽɹݭغ⏋Ц᠌ɭȦȩᏳᨆȴʰᐨɹᇿˁঃɁɩȦȼɄɭɴʭɤɩ⏋̫ˡɭȦȩϺǾɹȦʳݭ ɹϟ੻ȵɞ˃ɞ˃ɭʼȴɤɩȼʳ⏏ɗɌɩɗɄɴᅊᣱɐʳɇʚɊʚɲჼᢒɹᬚɹሂϣсᅎˁ⏋ ႕ࡴɹ̚ˑ˹̺͠ͲɴɄɞʼʳɄɭɲȼ៨ᦚɌɩȦȼ̺ͦ́˽ɹɲȴɫ⏋Ȳɹɑȴʰᬠਕɹዷ ᬚᇕ͹ಁᬚᇕঃȵʱȵɫɩȼʳ⏏ɗʶȵᤄɧȿᇕɴ⏋⏃ኽɲʱɹ⏆ȋܩݖ቉ድȍɭ٧ɽʶʳɄɭ ɴɲʳɹɞ⏏ɗȩᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏

4 ȅȶߓఘȷ͈ܱ੆

ǵኜɻᏳᨆɴȋʢȍࢆʳɭᓒȭʳɹɫ⏋ΫɹʭȩɴೆȦɛɹɞȵ⏋ɌȴɌɗʶȵሎɴࢆʱȩʳ ɛʠɴɻ⏋Ȧȼɦȴɹ̩ͻ̝͡ȵࡔܧɐʳɞʸȩ⏏ГάɄɹکᰍɴɦȦɩ⏋ኽᕶ᤹ɹᐁᱻˁȦ ȼɦȴᦚʏɩʛɛȦ⏏ ǵኽȵ೎՟ɴϺᰖ࡝ɹ̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ˁȲɄɲɤɛɹɻ⏋ϴ߂ჿ࡝ᨆ͹Ϻᰖᦽ׋ᠶ቉ድࡻ ɹѹަᠩዐɴԂ࡝Ɍɛɭȷɞɤɛ⏏য়ಁɻˏ̶͠ˡɫᠭീˁȲɄɲȩɹɻ׭ަᠩዐɴԂɤɩȴ ʰɫ⏋ѹަಁБɻܕԒɹᠭീɫᐁᱻˁዩʛ⏋ѹަᠶయˁʚɭʠʳɭȦȩɹȵᦲ।ɹ˱ͻ˽ɞɤ ɛ⏏ȦʸȦʸᦜɤɛȡɁȼᠭീɴԂɤɛɹɻ⏋ᵭӻऄላ̜ˡ͞՞ऄɹΥࢸᮐऄɞɤɛ⏏ɗɹᦏ ȼɹऄɴɻ⏋࡝ᨆᅊಁБɴᩃᅊ׋ႌɹᠭീɫ៮ʶɛɄɭȵȡɤɛɹɞ⏏࡝ᨆ 2 ܌ᅊʚɫధ࡝ˁ ਚ೚ɌɩȦɛኽɻ⏋ో᝔ɴɇȭʢȡʚʱ᝔ɤɛɄɭȵɲȼ⏋ࢸɇɲऄɹԊؾкɫȲɄʳɄɭɻ ʛɲృ᳞ɞɤɛ⏏೎՟ɹл঎ȴɹᠭീɫឿᓬȷɌ⏋ઢɍɛɄɭˁʚɭʠɩ⏋M1 ɹᏺʼʱɴ̄ ͊ɫᇍᝠɌɛ⏏ɌȴɌᐄഗɻઊૢɛʳʢɹɞɤɛ⏏ɞ˃ɞ˃ɭؒ֓ᓔɹ໶ઝȵతྷɴɲʱ⏋ȡ ȼʃˁɐʳϺʢՏɩȷɛ⏏ΥᅱɄɛȭɛɹɻ๖ɹʭȩɲଫ៿ɞɤɛ⏏ȋɗ˃ɲɄɭ⏋౗ೣɹᅒ ᖇɴ᝔ȿɽɰɄɫʢȡʳɄɭɍʤɲȦɹ⏱ȍ⏏ ǵኽɴɻᯆᇐȼਲ਼ȭɛϟࡸɻ⏋̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ɹӴ᧒ɛɠɹᇿɴɻȋȡɛʱʚȭɹɄɭȍɭ Ɍȴ౱ʰɲȴɤɛ⏏ɗʶɻɓȦɕȦኽᕶ᤹ɹᐁᱻɹࢹɲɇ⏋֧৔έ᣸⏋ɗȩȦɤɛɄɭɹؙ౱ ɫɌȴɲȴɤɛʼȿɫȡʳ⏏ኽɻᘺɠᦉʛ⏋Ɍɽʰȼ቉ድࡻɴᰑˁՏɐຩɴʢɲʰɲȴɤɛ⏏ ϺˁᯆᇐȵʰɓʳɴɻɰȩɐʶɽʭȦɹȴ⏏лɭȴɌɲȿʶɽ⏋ɭਲ਼Ȧࡴʠ⏋M2 ɹ޷ɴʢȩ

(7)

Υ঎̶ˑͻ̝͡ɴཡɤɛ⏏ዺቑؤɴɲɤɛɹɻ⏋ȋᠨɭᠨȵΥᐷɴȦɩ⏋лȴˁɌɩȦɛȍɭ Ȧȩ̚ͻ̊ɞɤɛ⏏ᰰʛЦ⏋ᮃᘺɹԊؾс෌⏋ᩑʱ⏋ऄɹࢸ኏ЦɴȲȦɩɻɗȩȦɤɛᮃʚʱ ȵ౗Ǿᰈᑢɴ০сʰʶʳ⏏ɗɹᮃʚʱɹ෯ଁɹɌȴɛɴ⏋Ʉɹ኏Цɹ႕ਐȵ৔ȼؙ౱ɇʶɩȦ ʳ⏋ɗȩȦȩ׵ᢒˁʢɤɩȦɛɹɞȵ⏋ɗʶˁԍкᇕɲ০ɫኍɐਖឹȵȡɤɛ⏏ኽᕶ᤹ȵᮃʠ ɛ̚ͻ̊ɭ⏋ГմɄɹऄɫᠭീˁɌɛആ߂ɹϺᰖᅊ઴࡝ɹϺɛɠȴʰʢʰɤɛ̚ͻ̊ˁȡʼɓ ɩՕഓɐʳɭ⏋ɲ˃ɭȴʢɹȵៜȭʳʭȩɴɲɤɩȷɛ⏏ѹަᠶయ␩ೠ೴ǵ1987␭ɹμ൒ɭɲ ʳ˽̜ͻ͠ͻȵ༝ȴ˃ɞɹɻ⏋ѹަ቉ድɹᇍᝠɹ౗ɹ೛⏋Ʉɛɦɹμɫʖ˃ʦʱɭ⏋யȷΫɁ ɛ̅˹ˠ˫͌͞ˁሖʠɩȦɛಁɹɄɭɞɤɛ⏃׶᭝ɲɹɫʚɷɌɲȦɫȼɞɇȦ⏆. ǵȿɤȷʬȼኽȵೡၓɞɤɛɹɻ⏋ȡʳ⏃ᕶՕɴɭɤɩ⏆ృߏɲȋܩݖȍɴՏȴȿɩ⏋ɗɄ ɫឿɛɄɭˁ៨ᦚɌ⏋ɗʶɞȿɫ቉ድɴɲʳɭਲ਼ɤɛɭȦȩဣ⏋ɗɌɩ⏋лȵȦʚɹ࡝کᇕႥ ໥ɹɲȴɫکᰍɭɲɤɩȦʳɄɭɲɹȴ⏋ɭȦȩሾᡫˁ୫ɠغʼɓɩɲȴɤɛɭȦȩဣɴȡɤ ɛɭȦȭʳɞʸȩ⏏ኽɹ̄͊ᇍᝠɻ⏋ᬚ᧓ɤɛϟࡸˁᦚʏɩȦɛʼȿɫɻɲȦ⏏ɌȴɌȋ๭Ɍ Ȧȍ៨ᦚɭȋᯆᇐȦȍ៨ᦚɻ᧓ȩɹɫȡʳ⏏̆ɄȩȦɤɛႥ໥ɻ⏋̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻ˪ɹ̜ͤͻ ̢Ͳ˫ˁࠃʠɛϺɴɭɤɩɻ⏋ȴɲʱԊᦲɌɛкᱻɫɻɲȦȴɭਲ਼ȩ⏏ȋɗ˃ɲɄɭ⏋ɰɄɴ ɫʢȡʳɄɭɍʤɲȦɹ⏱ȍȋɫ⏋лȵᯆᇐȦʼȿ⏱ȍɗȩȦɤɛ˱͍Ͳ̜ɴዺȷᘺɭɇʶ⏋ ɗɄȴʰɻȦΫȵɤɩɻɍʠɩ⏋Ϻɻ̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻˡͻɴɲʳɹɞ⏏ ǵܩݖ቉ድɴȲȦɩɻ⏋Ʉʶɻɭȼɴ໶ઝɌɩȲȦɩȦȦɄɭɞɭਲ਼ȩ⏏ɭȦȩɹɻ⏋ȋܩݖ ቉ድȍɭȦȩៜᘽɴৄȷɑʰʶ⏋ᕶՕȵȡʳȋܩݖȍɴഀɩȦʳɭȦȩɄɭɴ࡫зɌ⏋ɗɄɫ ឿɛჼᢒˁɛ˃ɴ៨ᦚɐʳɞȿɫ቉ድȵɫȷɩɌʚȩɭȦȩ᪻ៅɴ᭒ʱʦɐȦȴʰɫȡʳ⏏ ǵɄɹʭȩɴ⏋ɛɞ׬ɴȋԍкȍˁ៨ᦚɌɛɞȿɫɻ⏋ЇϟɴɲʰɲȦɄɭȵ޽Ȧ⏏ɌȴɌਸ਼ Ȧɫɦȿ֓ȭɩȲȴɷɽɲʰɲȦɹɻ⏋ܩݖ቉ድȴʰȋԍкȍˁ؜ʱؑɤɩɌʚɤɛʰ⏋ɗɄ ɴ๿ʳɹɻዷᆂɲᡴᠶɫɌȴɲȦɞʸȩ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭɫȡʳ⏏ԍкɹʢɦ֐ɴɦȦɩᓒȭʳɭ ȷȦɦʢਲ਼ȦՏɐɹɻ⏋౵ॷϭȼɲʰʶɛРᢆᏤΥᨀӴᅊɹ᠌Ɍɩȼʶɛ˛̴̅ͻ̝ɫȡʳ⏏ ᠎ᏳɻៅȭɩȦɲȦȵ⏋̩ͩ˓ȴɰɄȴɫᓑ׋ɴᬠɐʳ˹Ͳͅ˻˗͌ȵᬖȴʶ⏋РᢆӴᅊʢ୛ ৺ɇʶɛɹɞɗȩɞ⏏ɗɄɫȋኻɴɻᅖਸ́͐͡Ͳȵ৔ȼᬠήɌɩȦʳȍɭȦȩᇍᝠȵȲɄɲ ʼʶɛ⏏ȋɗɹɭȷѿȵɇɤɭଝˁ୲Ɂɩȏ̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻɻᮇȵኻɁʳɫȑៜȩɛʰ⏋ɗȦɦ ɻȽɤɭ᠋ʚʱʭɤɩɲȍ⏋РᢆӴᅊɻጷȦɲȵʰ᠌ɌɩȦɛ⏏ȲɗʰȼϺᬚɹኻɴɻᅖਸ́ ͐͡ͲɻᬠήɌɩȦʳɹɞʸȩɌ⏋РᢆӴᅊʢɗȩਲ਼ɤɩȦɲȴɤɛʼȿɫɻɲȦɞʸȩ⏏Ɍ ȴɌɗɹᇍᝠɹݭɴȲȦɩ⏋ȋᮇȵኻɁʳȍɭȦȩ⏋̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻɴཉȼᬠʼɤɛ቉ድᓔɫɌ ȴሾʰɲȦɫȡʸȩϟࡸɻ⏋ᇍᝠᓔɹៜᘽˁ᠋ʚʰɓʳ৔Ȧ֐ˁ୫ɤɛɹɫȡʳ⏏ɗɹϟࡸˁ ᡴᠶɴ؜ʱᦉʞɴɻ⏋̍Ͳ̮Ͳ˻ͻɭϺᬚɹ́͐͡ͲᏙɹӈȷ౅ȵ᧓Ȧ⏋ȡʳȦɻພ൓Ᏻᔟɹ ઢ؝ਸȵᅵɲʱ⏋ɭȦɤɛɇʰɴ޽ȼɹϟࡸˁʢɤɩࢪ଻ɌɲȿʶɽɲʰɲȦȴʰɞ⏏ȋɫʢ⏋ ȡɗɄɹϺɛɠɻɄȩȦȩɄɭˁɌɭʳɫȍ⏋ɗȩȦɤɛԍкɹரኍɻ⏋ᇑΨៜɹᡴᠶˁʁɤ

(8)

ȼʱᦐɐ⏋̶ˑͻ̝ͩ͡ͻˡͻɹ೎߂ɹ਄႒ɲɹɞ⏏

5 ȅ̤ȁͩȁͤȁͅ

ǵȋኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩȍɭȦȩៜᘽˁᏗؤɭɌɩ⏋ܩݖ቉ድˁʠȽɤɩ౗᯴ᓒȭɩȦʳɄɭ ˁ⏋ȡʚʱʚɭʚʱɲȼೆȷɦɧɤɩȷɛ⏏ɄɄɫೆȦɛɹɻ⏋቉ድዀɴԂ࡝ɌɩȷɛϺɛ ɠɴ⏋ᡙᒶʦᗮᰰʛ᠌ɹफ़ɫʭȼ᠌ɌɩȦʳϟനɫȡʳ⏃ɌȴɌȦȼʰؤɫ᠌Ɍɩʢ⏋ᕶՕɫ ʦɤɩʛɲȦɭᐄ࣌ɻ᤹ɴɦȴɲȦɹɞʸȩɲ⏋ɭȦȩɄɭʢȦɦʢਲ਼ɤɩȦʳ⏆⏏ᕶጓɌɛ ቉ድᓔɴɭɤɩɻံᅎɲᠦ໬ɞɤɛȴʢɌʶɲȦ⏏ ǵɄɄɫᦚʏɛ˪̘͠ˑͻ˪ɹሼɻ⏋ʢɠʸ˃ኽᕶ᤹ɴʢᦐɤɩȼʳʢɹɞɭȦȩɄɭˁᕶៅ Ɍɦɦ⏋ᯆᇐȦჼᢒˁ୼ʚȭ⏋ɗʶˁϺɴʢᯆᇐȦɭਲ਼ɤɩʢʰȩ⏋ɗȩȦȩЇϟˁɌɩȦȷ ɛȦʢɹɞɭᓒȭɩȦʳ⏏ ֨ȁဥȁ໲ȁࡃ ೠ೴߂໠⏏1987⏏ȋࢸᮃ܎኏ЦɴȲȿʳȏᮃʚʱȑɹ෯ଁŅ̜ˡ͞՞ऄɹϟёŅȍȏ࡚՘Ϻᰖ࡝ȑ18(2): 172-216⏏ 㨋㨋㨋㨋⏏2000⏏ȋୟతᇕЦ᠌ݭɭሂϣᦐ၇ᇕϜೝȍࣩᅒᒭಚᅖ͹Ϊऩ׭ψ͹иǾೠ๭Ϻᑂȏbit աԕ᤹к ਸɭ˱Ͳ̴͖ͻ̊ȑԊጓՏႆ⏋233-245⏏ 㨋㨋㨋㨋⏏2001⏏ȋȏ᠝ʳ᤹кɹ຦౏᠖Ņ̸̒˹͖͇Ͳɹᅊ༎γᅠ⏃1⏆ȑȏЦ᠌ɹϺᰖ࡝Ņ̸̒˹͖͇Ͳɹ ᅊ༎γᅠ⏃2⏆ȑ⏃ᘓ؅ٮࡘᘿ⏆ೆ៿ȍȏˏ̶͠ˡ቉ድȑ58: 95-98.

Kimura, D. 2001. Utterance Overlap and Long Silence among the Baka Pygmies: Comparison with Bantu Farmer and Japanese University Students, African Study Monographs, Supplementary Issue 26: 103-121. ᢆाҫΥ⏏1980⏏ȏኜɻᏳᨆɴࢆʱᐌȩŅܩؿɭ຦ѯ࡝ȑϺయೆ᭏⏏