1 1 2 3 2
1
1 2
2 3
3 3
1 2 3 4
second language L2 shadowing
e.g., 1998 e.g., 2008
2009
working memory
WM phonological short-term memory PSTM WM
PSTM
WM PSTM
WM PSTM WM
2005
Baddeley Daneman & Carpenter 1980 WM
2 Baddeley 2000 central executive
phonological loop
visuo-spatial sketchpad episodic buffer 4
multi-component model 1
WM
e.g., Daneman & Carpenter, 1980 Just & Carpenter, 1992 Daneman & Carpenter 1980
Just & Carpenter 1992 WM
WM processing resources
WM PSTM
phonological store articulatory control process 2
WM PSTM
L2
e.g., Baddeley, Gathercole, & Papagno, 1998 Gathercole &
Baddeley, 1990
L2
L2
a e.g.,
2005 b e.g., 1997 c e.g., 2013
d e.g., 2015
WM PSTM semantic short-term
memory SSTM 2007
2009 2010 2010
WM 2007 2009 2010 PSTM 2007 2009
SSTM 2010
a
2007 b
WM PSTM 2007
2009 c
2010 3 2010 WM
2007 2009 2010
2007 2009 2010
WM
WM PSTM
3 1.
WM PSTM
2.
WM PSTM
3.
WM PSTM
1
WM
PSTM
WM
WM
PSTM PSTM
2
WM PSTM
2 WM PSTM
WM
WM
1 PSTM
PSTM
3
3
3 WM PSTM
2 3
WM PSTM
WM
WM
WM WM
WM WM
PSTM PSTM
1
WM WM PSTM
4
1. WM PSTM
2. WM
PSTM
3. WM
WM
PSTM PSTM
WM PSTM PSTM
WM 2
WM PSTM
WM WM
WM
3
3 1.
2. WM PSTM
3.
4
2 1.
2.
WM PSTM
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Baddeley, A. D., Gathercole, S. E., & Papagno, C. (1998). The phonological loop as a language learning device. Psychological Review, 105, 158-173.
Daneman, M., & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). Individual differences in working memory and reading. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 19, 450-466.
Gathercole, S. E., & Baddeley, A. D. (1990). Phonological memory deficits in language disordered children: Is there a causal connection? Journal of Memory and Language, 29, 336-360.
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