単一露光・高ダイナミックレンジCMOSイメージセン
サ技術に関する研究
著者
?? 功
雑誌名
東北大学電通談話会記録
巻
89
号
2
ページ
6-9
発行年
2021-03-04
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/10097/00130872
༤ኈᏛㄽᩥせ⣙㸦௧2 ᖺ 9 ᭶㸧
༢୍㟢ග࣭㧗ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪ
&026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧᢏ⾡㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
㧘ᰡ ຌ
ᣦᑟᩍဨ㸸㯮⏣ ⌮ே
A Study on Intra-Scene Single-Exposure High-dynamic Range
CMOS Image Sensor Technologies
Isao Takayanagi
Supervisor: Rihito Kuroda
In addition to general purpose image acquisition, image sensors are widely utilized as information input device for security, driving control, diagnostic imaging, factory automation, IoT applications, etc. The high dynamic range (HDR) imaging technology that enables detection of dark objects and bright objects in the same scene is required to improve information detectability, stability and safety in the surveillance system, driving control system, remote surgery system, to name a few. On the other hand, previous HDR technologies have some fundamental issues such as motion artifacts in the multiple exposure HDR scheme. In this paper, single-exposure and single-photodiode HDR technologies are presented that are suitable for high image-quality and high-resolution image sensors.
㻝㻚㻌 䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧᢏ⾡ࡣࠊᫎീศ㔝ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ 㜵≢ࠊ㌴㍕ࠊ་⒪ࠊ⏕యㄆドࠊ,R7 ࡸ⏘ᴗ⏝㏵࡞ ࠊᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝࠾ࡅࡿሗධຊࢹࣂࢫࡋ࡚ ࡑࡢᛂ⏝ࡀᣑࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠋ୰࡛ࡶࠊ࣓࣮ࢪࢭ ࣥࢧࡢධᑕග㔞⠊ᅖࢆᣑࡉࡏࡿ㧗ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵ ࢡࣞࣥࢪ㸦+'5㸧ᢏ⾡ࡣࠊᬯ㒊ࡽ㧗㍤ᗘ≀ࡲ࡛ ሗࡢྲྀࡾࡇࡰࡋࡀ࡞࠸㜵≢࣓࢝ࣛࠊ㏫ගࡸኪ㛫࡛ ࡶᏳࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡿ⮬ື㐠㌿⏝࣓࢝ࣛࠊ㐲㝸デ᩿ ࠾ࡅࡿゎᯒᛶ⬟ྥୖࡸ㐲㝸ᡭ⾡࡛ࡢࣁ࣮ࣞࢩ ࣙࣥ㜵Ṇ࡞ࠊᏳᚰ࣭Ᏻ࡞ḟୡ௦♫ᵓ⠏㈉ ⊩࡛ࡁࡿᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀ ࡽࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ +'5 ᢏ⾡࡛ࡣືయീࡢ࣮ࣔࢩࣙࣥ ࣮ࢳࣇࢡࢺࡢⓎ⏕ࡸᩳධᑕගᑐࡍࡿගᏛ ≉ᛶࡀ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࡗࡓㄢ㢟ࡀṧᏑࡋ࡚࠸ ࡓࠋᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⫼ᬒࢆ㚷ࡳࠊ㧗⏬㉁࣭㧗 ゎീᗘ &026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡞༢୍㟢 ග࣭㧗ࢲ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪ㸦6(+'5㸧ᢏ⾡ ࢆඛ㐍ⓗ ࡞⏬⣲ಙྕㄞࡳฟࡋᢏ⾡ࡼࡗ࡚☜❧ࡍࡿࡇ ࢆ┠ⓗࡋࠊࡑࡢ◊✲ෆᐜᡂᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ 㻞㻚㻌 㻯㻹㻻㻿 䜲䝯䞊䝆䝉䞁䝃䛸ᮏ◊✲䛻䛚䛡䜛䝝䜲䝎䜲 䝘䝭䝑䜽䝺䞁䝆ᢏ⾡䛾ᚲせᛶ㻌 &026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧᢏ⾡ࡢ♫ⓗᙺࠊ+'5 ⏬ ീࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠊᐇ㝿ࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥᚲせࡉࢀࡿ⿕ యࡢ㍤ᗘ㸦᫂ࡿࡉ㸧ࠊࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪ㸦'5 ࡢ ⠊ᅖࠊ&026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࡢᇶᮏᵓᡂ≉ᚩࠊ'5 ᢏ⾡ࢆㄽࡎࡿࡢᚲせ࡞ࣀࢬࡸ㣬࠸ࡗࡓ ᣦᶆࡢᐃ⩏➼ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ ᅗ㸯ࡣኪ㛫ࡢᕪⅬࢆࡋ࡚ࠊྠ୍ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞ ෆࡢ㍤ᗘ OXPLQDQFH ࡢศᕸࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᮏ◊✲࠾࠸࡚┠ᶆࡍࡿ '5 ࡋ࡚ࠊಙྕᶵ ࡽ⾤ⅉࡢᙳ࠸ࡿே≀ࡲ࡛ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ㈨ࡍࡿ '5 ࡋ࡚ G% ௨ୖࠊಙྕᶵࡽ≀㝜ࡢே≀ࡲ࡛ ࢆㄆ㆑ࡍࡿ㈨ࡍࡿ '5 ࡋ࡚ G% ௨ୖ࠸࠺ ➨ ࠊ➨ ࡢࡘࡢᣦᶆࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᮏㄽ ᩥ࠾ࡅࡿ '5 ࡣࠊᅗ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ࠊ࣓࣮ࢪ ࢭࣥࢧ⏬⣲ࡀ⥺ᙧᛶ≉ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ᭱ධ ຊಙྕᑐࡋ࡚ࠊㄞࡳฟࡋࣀࢬ➼౯࡞ࡿධ ຊಙྕࡢẚࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ㧗⏬㉁࣭㧗ゎീᗘ &026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ᛶ⬟ࡘ࠸ ࡚ࡶ㆟ㄽࡋࠊᚲせࡍࡿ⏬⣲ࡢಙྕ㟁Ꮚᩘࡸゎീ ᗘࡢ᳨ウ⤖ᯝࡽࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ᑐ㇟ࡍࡁ⏬⣲ࡢ ࢧࢬࡣ 㹼wP ゅࡢ⠊ᅖࡋࡓࠋ 㻟㻚㻌 ᚑ᮶䛾 㻴㻰㻾 ᢏ⾡䛸ㄢ㢟㻌 ḟ㧗⏬㉁࣭㧗ゎീᗘྥࡅࡓ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥ ࢧ᭱㐺࡞ +'5 ᪉ᘧࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋᅗ +'5 ⏬ീ᪉ᘧࢆయ⣔ⓗ♧ࡋࡓ㸧ࠋ 㧗⏬㉁࣭㧗ゎീᗘ &026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧ࡛㔜せ ࡞ᛶ⬟ࡋ࡚ࠊⰍฎ⌮ࡸගィ ࠊගᏛⓗゎᯒ࡛㔜 せ࡞ࡿග㟁ኚ≉ᛶࡢ⥺ᙧᛶࠊືࡃ≀యࡸග※ ࡢࣇࣜࢵ࣮࢝ᑐࡍࡿࣟࣂࢫࢺᛶࠊᵝࠎ࡞ගᏛ⣔ ᑐࡍࡿ㐺ྜᛶࢆ࡞ᣦᶆࡋࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ +'5 ᢏ⾡ ࢆㄪᰝࡋᢏ⾡ⓗศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ ᢏ⾡ࡢඃᛶࡸㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄽࡌࡓࠋ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ᚑ ᮶ᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ࠊග㟁ኚ≉ᛶࢆᑐᩘኚࡍࡿࡼ࠺ Ⓒ 2021 東北大学電気通信研究所
࡞㠀⥺ᙧග㟁ኚ᪉ᘧ࡛ࡣ⢭ᗘཬࡧᏳᐃᛶࡢ㧗 ࠸⥺ᙧ≉ᛶࡢኚࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ୍⯡ⓗ⏝ ࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ␗࡞ࡗࡓ㟢ග㛫ࡢ⏬ീࢆྜᡂࡋ ࡚ +'5 ⏬ ീ ࢆ ᚓ ࡿ 」 ᩘ 㟢 ග +'5 㸦 0XOWLSOH ([SRVXUH+'5㸸0(+'5 ᪉ᘧ࡛ࡣࠊືࡃ≀యࡸ㍤ᗘ ࡀ㛫ኚࡍࡿᑐ㇟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣀࢬࡀⓎ⏕ࡍࡿ ࠸࠺᰿ᮏⓗㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢၥ㢟 ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ༢୍㟢ග +'5㸦6LQJOH([SRVXUH +'5㸸6(+'5 ᪉ᘧࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࠋ6(+'5 ᪉ᘧ ࡋ࡚␗࡞ࡗࡓឤᗘࢆࡶࡘ」ᩘࡢ⏬⣲ࡢಙྕࢆྜ ᡂࡋ࡚ +'5 ⏬ീࢆᚓࡿ」ᩘࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ 6(+'5 ᪉ᘧ࡛ࡣࠊගᏛ≉ᛶୖࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆ ㄽࡌࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ࠊ」ᩘࢤ࣭ࣥ༢୍ࣇ࢛ ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢ 6(+'5 ᪉ᘧࡀࠊືయീࡢ࣮ࣔ ࢩ࣮ࣙࣥࢳࣇࢡࢺࡸග※ࣇࣜࢵ࣮࢝ࡢᢚไ ⬟ຊࠊᵝࠎ࡞ࣞࣥࢬタᐃ㐺ྜ࡛ࡁࡿගᏛ≉ᛶࢆ ᭷ࡋᚓࡿࡇࡽࠊཎ⌮ⓗ᭱ࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ ࢆぢฟࡋࠊḟ❶௨㝆࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࢆỴᐃ ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᇶࠊ௨ୗ࡛ࡣࠊ༢୍㟢ගࠊ༢ ୍ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ 6(+'5 ࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸㧗࠸ ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ㄢ㢟 ᑐࡋ࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ 㻠㻚㻌 㼀㼞㼕㼜㼘㼑㻌 㼓㼍㼕㼚 ⏬⣲䛸 㻰㼡㼍㼘㻌 㼓㼍㼕㼚 ㄞ䜏ฟ䛧 䛻䜘 䜛 㻿㻱㻴㻰㻾 ᪉ᘧ㻌 ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ」ᩘࢤ࣭ࣥ༢୍ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ ࡼࡿ 6(+'5 ᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ࠊࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢಙྕ ࢆ㧗࠸ࢤࣥప࠸ࢤ࡛ࣥㄞࡳฟࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽ ࡢಙྕࢆྜᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡛ +'5 ⏬ീࢆᚓࡿ」ᩘࢤ ࣥㄞࡳฟࡋ᪉ᘧ╔┠ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸧ࠋ㸱ẁ 㝵㟁Ⲵ㟁ᅽኚࢤࣥࢆ㑅ᢥ࡛ࡁࡿ⏬⣲ᢏ⾡ࠊ ᑠ㠃✚࡛㣬ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢸࢵࢻࣇ࢛ ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻᢏ⾡ࠊ」ᩘࢤࣥࡢಙྕࢆ㧗㏿࣭ప ࣀࢬㄞࡳฟࡋྍ⬟࡞ᅇ㊰ᢏ⾡ࢆᥦࡋࠊࡇࢀ ࡽࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࢆヨస࣭ ᐃࡍࡿࡇ ࡛ࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࢆᐇドࡋࡓࠋලయⓗࡣࠊᅗ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞㧗ࢤࣥࠊ୰㛫ࢤࣥࠊపࢤࣥࡢ ✀㢮ࡢ㟁Ꮚ̺㟁ᅽኚࢤࣥࡢタᐃࡀྍ⬟࡞⏬ ⣲ᢏ⾡ࢆᥦࡋࠊపࣀࢬㄞࡳฟࡋࡣ㧗ࢤࣥࠊ 㧗㣬ㄞࡳฟࡋࡣపࢤࣥࠊࡲࡓࡑࢀࡽࡢ୰㛫 ࡢ≧ែ࡛ࡢㄞࡳฟࡋࢆྍ⬟ࡋࡓࠋ⏬⣲ࡢ㟁Ꮚ̺ 㟁ᅽኚࢤࣥࡉࡽࢼࣟࢢࣥࣉࡢࢤ ࣥࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡼࡾ㧗࠸ࢤࣥẚࢆᚓ ࡽࢀࡿ᪉ᘧࢆฟࡋࡓࠋࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢ⥺ᙧ ᭱㣬㟁Ꮚᩘ㸦/LQHDU)XOO:HOO /): ࢆᣑ ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊගᏛ≉ᛶࢆຎࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡞ࡃࢲ࢜ ࣮ࢻࡢ༢㠃✚࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㣬㟁Ꮚᩘࢆቑຍࡉࡏ ࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢭࢢ࣓ࣥࢸࢵࢻࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ ࢻᢏ⾡ࢆᥦࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ᢏ⾡ຍ࠼ࠊࣇ ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ✚ࡉࢀࡓ㟁Ⲵࢆ␗࡞ࡗࡓ⏬ ⣲ࢤࣥ␗࡞ࡗࡓࢼࣟࢢࢤ࡛ࣥ」ᩘᅇ ㄞࡳฟࡍ᪉ᘧࡢᥦࠊࡉࡽ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧୖ࡛ ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಙྕࢆࢹࢪࢱࣝࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ಙྕࢆ ྜᡂࠊ⥺ᙧࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢼࣟࢢ̺ࢹࢪࢱࣝኚ ᅇ㊰ࢹࢪࢱࣝ⥺ᙧฎ⌮ᅇ㊰ࡢタィࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ᢏ ⾡ ࢆ 㠃 ↷ ᑕ ᆺ 㸦 %DFNVLGH ,OOXPLQDWLRQ &026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ ⏝࠸࡚ヨసࠊホ౯ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡋ࡚༢୍ࣇ࢛ ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢ wP ࣆࢵࢳ⏬⣲࡛ࠊ 㟁Ꮚࡢ 㣬 㟁Ꮚࡢᬯࣛࣥࢲ࣒ࣀࢬࢆ୧❧ࡋࠊ༢ ୍㟢ග࡛➨ ࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ G% ㉸ࡢ 6(+'5 ࢲ ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪࢆᐇ⌧ࡋࡓ㸧ࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓග㟁ኚ ≉ᛶࢆᅗ ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊᇶᮏⓗ࡞ගᏛ≉ᛶ ࡋ࡚ࡶ㧗⏬㉁࣭㧗ゎീᗘ &026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧ 㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡞≉ᛶࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽࠊᥦࡋࡓ᪉ ᘧࡀ 0(+'5 ᪉ᘧ➼ࡢࡢ +'5 ᪉ᘧᑐࡋ࡚㧗⏬ ㉁࣭㧗⢭⣽⏝㏵࡛ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆືయࡸࣇࣜࢵ ࣮࢝ග※ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⏬ീホ౯ࡼࡗ࡚᫂ࡽࡋ ࡓࠋ 㻡㻚㻌 㻮㻿㻵㻌㻸㻻㻲㻵㻯 ⏬⣲䛻䜘䜛 㻿㻱㻴㻰㻾 䝎䜲䝘䝭䝑䜽䝺䞁䝆 ᣑᢏ⾡㻌 ࡑࡢ୍᪉ࠊ/): ࢆࡉࡽቑຍࡉࡏ࡚ 㹼wP ゅ ࢧࢬࡢ⏬⣲࡛ࠊ➨ ࡢ┠ᶆ್࡛࠶ࡿ G% ௨ୖ ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡢᑟධࡀᚲせุ᩿ ࡋࠊ6(+'5 ᪉ᘧࡢࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪࢆࡉࡽྥ ୖࡉࡏࡿ㠃↷ᑕᆺ㸦%6,㸧ᶓᆺ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣇ࣮ࣟ ✚ ᐜ 㔞 㸦 /DWHUDO 2YHU)ORZ ,QWHJUDWLRQ &DSDFLWRU㸸/2),&㸧⏬⣲ᢏ⾡ ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋࡓࠋ ༢୍㟢ගᮇ㛫ෆࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡽ࣮࢜ࣂ ࣮ࣇ࣮ࣟࡋࡓ㟁Ⲵࢆ⏬⣲ෆタࡅࡓᐜ㔞✚ ࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻᵓ㐀⊂❧㣬 ᣑࡀྍ⬟࡞ /2),& ⏬⣲ᢏ⾡ࠊ㛤ཱྀ⋡ࡀ ࡢ %6, ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓ⏬⣲ᵓ㐀ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࠊࡇࢀ ࡽࡢᢏ⾡ࢆᦚ㍕ࡋࡓ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࡢタィࠊヨ స࣭ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࢆᐇドࡋࡓ ࠋ %6, ࡢ≉ᚩࢆ⏕ࡍࡓࡵࠊᅗ ♧ࡍࡼ࠺ග㟁 ኚ㡿ᇦࢆ /2),& ᐜ㔞ࡢୗࡸࢺࣛࣥࢪࢫࢱࡢୗ ᗈࡆࠊ⣧≀⃰ᗘ໙㓄ࢆసࡿࡇ࡛ᗈ࠸㡿ᇦࡽ ຠ⋡ⓗ㟁Ꮚࢆ㞟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢹࣂࢫᵓ㐀ࢆ ᥦࡋࡓࠋ/2),& ᐜ㔞ࡣ 026 ᐜ㔞ࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓࠋ )6, ࡛ࡣ 026 ᐜ㔞ࡀࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢ㛤ཱྀ⋡ప ୗࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡀࠊ%6, ᵓ㐀ࡢࡓࡵ㛤ཱྀ⋡ࡣⴠࡕࡿ ࡇ࡞ࡃࠊ㧗࠸ගᏛ≉ᛶࢆ⥔ᣢ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡽ /2),& ᐜ㔞ࡢ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣇ ࣮ࣟ≉ᛶࢆᏳᐃࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᇙࡵ㎸ࡳ࣮࢜ࣂ ࣮ࣇ࣮ࣟ %XULHG RYHUIORZ SDWK ᵓ㐀ࡢᥦࠊ /2),& ᐜ㔞➃Ꮚࡢ࣮ࣜࢡ㟁ὶపῶࡢࡓࡵࡢศ㞳ᵓ 㐀㸦31MXQFWLRQLVRODWLRQ ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠸⏬⣲ࡢ タィᑟධࡋࡓࠋඛሗ࿌ࡋࡓ」ᩘࢤࣥㄞࡳฟ ࡋࡢࢭࣥࢧྠࡌ %6, ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛ヨసࠊホ౯ࡋࡓ ⤖ᯝࠊwP ࣆࢵࢳ⏬⣲࡛ඛࡢࢭࣥࢧẚ⣙
ಸࡢ 㟁Ꮚࡢ㣬ࢆᚓࡿࡇᡂຌࡋࡓࠋࡲ ࡓࠊࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢ㔞Ꮚຠ⋡ࠊゅᗘ౫Ꮡᛶ ࡶ➨ ❶ࢭࣥࢧྠ➼ࡢᛶ⬟ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࡇࢆ ᐇドࡋࡓࠋ➨ ❶࡛ᐇドࡋࡓ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࡢㄞ ࡳฟࡋᢏ⾡ࠊಙྕฎ⌮ᢏ⾡ࠊᮏ❶࡛ᐇドࡋࡓ /2),& ⏬⣲ᢏ⾡ࢆ⼥ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊㄞࡳฟࡋࣀ ࢬ 㟁Ꮚࠊ㣬㟁Ꮚᩘ 㟁Ꮚ࡞ࡾࠊ➨ ࡢ ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ G% ㉸ࡢ༢୍㟢ගࠊ༢୍ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ ࣮࢜ࢻ 6(+'5 ࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿ㈨ࡍࡿᢏ⾡ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ/2),& ⏬⣲ࡢపࢤࣥࠊ㧗ࢤࣥࡢ㸰ࡘࡢ ಙྕࢆྜᡂࡍࡿ㝿ࡢಙྕษ᭰࠼Ⅼ࠾ࡅࡿಙྕ ᑐ㞧㡢ẚࡢẁᕪࢆᢚไࡋࡘࡘࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㧗ࢲࢼ ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿࡇ㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᐜ㔞ᖐ㑏 ᅇ㊰ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓపࢤࣥಙྕࡢࣀࢬపῶᢏ⾡ࡢ ᥦᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ࠊࡑࡢຠᯝࢆᐇドࡋࡓࠋ 㻢㻚㻌 䜎䛸䜑㻌 ௨ୖᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡣࠊḟୡ௦♫࠾ࡅࡿᗈ⠊ᅖ࡞ ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢩࣥࢢ⏝㏵㐺⏝ྍ⬟࡞㧗⏬㉁࣭㧗 ゎീᗘ࣭+'5&026 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧྥࡅࡓ」ᩘࢤ ࣭ࣥ༢୍ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡼࡿ 6(+'5 ᢏ⾡ࢆࠊ ᚤ⣽࡞⏬⣲࡛Ⰻዲ࡞ගᏛ≉ᛶࢆ᭷ࡋࡘࡘ㣬ࢆ ᣑࡍࡿඛ㐍ⓗ࡞⏬⣲ࠊᬯࡸಙྕษ᭰Ⅼ࠾ ࡅࡿࣀࢬࢆᢚไࡍࡿಙྕㄞࡳฟࡋᢏ⾡ࡼࡗ ࡚☜❧ࡋࠊࡑࡢ᭷⏝ᛶࢆᐇドࡋࡓࠋᚋࡣ /2),& ࡢᢏ⾡」ᩘࢤࣥㄞࡳฟࡋᢏ⾡ࠊపࣀࢬᢏ ⾡ࢆ⼥ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥ ࢪࡢᣑࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᅗ㸯 ኪ㛫ࡢᕪⅬ࠾ࡅࡿ㍤ᗘศᕸࡢ ㍤ᗘ㸦Luminance㸧ࡣほ Ⅼࡽぢࡓ≀య⾲㠃ࡢ⪀ ࡉࢆࠊぢࡅୖࡢ㠃ග※ࡢ༢㠃✚ᙜࡓࡾගᗘ࡛ ⾲ࡋࡓ༢ࠊcd/m2࡛⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ⦪㍈ࡣ㍤ᗘ ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆᑐᩘ㸦log㸧࡛⾲♧ࡋࡓࠋ ᅗ2ࠊᮏㄽᩥ࠾ࡅࡿ ࢲࢼ࣑ࢵࢡࣞࣥࢪ㸦DR㸧ࡢᐃ⩏ ྠ୍⏬ീෆࡢDR ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵࠊࣀࢬࣇࣟ➼ ౯࡞ධຊಙྕ(Noise equivalent electrons)ࠊ⥺ᙧ≉ ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ⠊ᅖ࡛ࡢ᭱ධຊಙྕ(Linear Full Well) ࡢẚIntra-scene diyamic range ࢆᮏㄽ࡛ࡣᢅ࠺ࠋ
ᅗ3ࠊHDR ⏬ീྲྀᚓ᪉ᘧࡢయ⣔ᅗ 㧗⏬㉁ࠊ㧗ゎീᗘྥ࠸ࡓ᪉ᘧࡋ࡚ࠊ⥺ᙧฟຊ (Linear Response)ࠊ༢୍㟢ග㸦Single exposure㸧༢ ୍ࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ㸦Single PD㸧᪉ᘧࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⣔ิࣁࢵࢳࢆࡋࡓࠋ
ᅗ4ࠊSEHDR ྥࡅᥦࡋ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ⏬⣲ࡢ ➼౯ᅇ㊰ࠊࢫࢵࢳ㸦BIN1ࠊBIN2㸧ࡢ ษࡾ᭰࠼ࡼࡿ㟁Ⲵ᳨ฟࣀ࣮ࢻࡢ≧ែ ᅗ୰ࡢኴ⥺㒊ศࡀ㟁Ⲵ᳨ฟࣀ࣮ࢻࡢ≧ἣࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ (A), (B),(C)ኴ⥺ࡢ㒊ศࡀᗈࡀࡿᚑ࠸ࠊ㟁Ⲵ᳨ ฟࣀ࣮ࢻࡢᐜ㔞ࡀቑຍࡋࠊ㟁Ⲵ̿㟁ᅽኚࢤࣥ ࡀୗࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ ᅗ ࠊ6(+'5 ࣓࣮ࢪࢭࣥࢧࡼࡾ ᚓࡽࢀࡓග㟁ኚ≉ᛶ 6LJQDO ࡣ⏬⣲ࢆᖹᆒࡋࡓฟຊࠊ5DQGRP QRLVH ࡣ 㛫ⓗࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡞ࣀࢬࡢ 506 ್ࠊ&ROXPQ)31 ࡣ⦪➽≧ࡢ⏬ീෆ࡛ᅛᐃࡉࢀࡓࣀࢬࡢ 506 ್ࢆ ♧ࡍࠋ ᅗ %6, /2),& ⏬⣲ࡢ᩿㠃ᵓ㐀ࢆ ♧ࡍᶍᘧᅗ ᮏ◊✲࡛ /2),& ᑟධࡋࡓᢏ⾡ࡋ࡚ࠊ%6, ⣧≀ศᕸࡢ᭱㐺ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࢺࢲ࣮࢜ࢻ㡿 ᇦࡢᣑࠊ7* ୗࡢᇙࡵ㎸ࡳ࣮࢜ࣂ࣮ࣇ࣮ࣟࢳࣕࢿ ࣝࠊ⣧≀ᣑᩓ㡿ᇦࡢࢯ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡼࡿࣜ ࣮ࢡ㟁ὶపῶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ ᅗ7ࠊ2.8̭m BSI LOFIC ⏬⣲ࡢග㟁ኚ≉ᛶ ᩥ⊩
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Nakamura, S. Sugawa, MDPI Sensors 2019, 19(24),
5572 (2020) 0.1 1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Se ns or Out put (L SB) Exposure (AU) Singal Random Noise Column FPN 1e- noise floor
Optical shot noise in case of 1:1/32 exposure ratio multiple exposure HDR 0 25000 50000 75000 100000 125000 150000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 # of E lec tro ns (e -)
Integration Time (AU)
HCG LCG HCG FWC:7ke -LCG FWC:120ke -200 400 0 600 800 1000
