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英
語
（ 分）Ⅰ
The following text is an essay about Japanese culture by a British philosopher. Answer questions［ ］−［ ］ based on the text. For the words marked with an asterisk (＊), explanatory notes are provided after the text. （配点率 ％）Notes:
collectivism: principle of giving a group priority over the individuals in it
conformist: thinking and behaving like everyone else because you do not want to be different
manspreading: the act of a person sitting, especially on public transport, with his legs spread wide apart, in a way that leaves less space for others
【出典】 Julian Baggini. How the World Thinks: A Global History of Philosophy. Granta, 2018. （一部改変）
［ ］ According to the information in the essay, are the following statements true (○) or false (×)?
⑴ In Orange, the characters pursue only their own happiness. ⑵ The author believes that Japanese society lacks individuality. ⑶ Japanese language emphasises the relations between people. ⑷ Japanese people prioritise individual interests over group dynamics.
［ ］ Regarding the underlined parts ⑴ through ⑻, which is the most appropriate, , , , or ?
⑴ “A scene which surely would have been reserved for the romantic couple in a Western movie” is closest in meaning to
a romantic scene which would not be typical for a Western movie
a romantic scene which Western people would recommend young people to see a scene in which only the couple would be spotlighted in a Western movie a scene which romantic young couples would enjoy seeing
⑵ “Everyone behaves in the best interests of everybody else” in this context is closest in meaning to
Everyone acts through necessity.
Everyone thinks his/her needs are more important than others’. Everyone tries to act for the benefit of other people.
Everyone understands other people act voluntarily.
⑶ “Infringing upon” in this context is closest in meaning to creating
invading reflecting showing
⑷ “Dispenses with” in this context is closest in meaning to consists of
depends on manages without requires
⑸ “Each party is aware of the relative status of the participants in the conversation” in this context is closest in meaning to
Each member knows the position or status of the other members. Each member is indifferent to the other members’ status.
Each member respects the other members’ families.
Each member understands the significance of joining conversations.
⑹ “Being adversarial” in this context is closest in meaning to Two sides agree with each other.
Two sides compromise. Two sides oppose each other. Two sides cooperate.
⑺ “Preconceptions” in this context is closest in meaning to bias
complaints data joy
⑻ What was the German Olympic Committee’s assumption about why the Japanese athlete cried?
He cried because his efforts had been rewarded. He cried because he was too individualistic.
He cried because he was written about by the German Olympic Committee. He cried because he was able to perform his duty towards his country.
［ ］ State your opinion in English about the author’s view of Japanese culture in approximately 80-100 words. You can use some words and phrases from the text, but do not copy complete sentences.
Ⅱ
イギリスの科学者が食をめぐる問題点について述べた以下の英文を読んで，あとの設問に答えなさい。なお，＊印がついている語には文末に注があります。 （配点率 ％）
【注】 lentil: ヒラマメ，レンズマメ mould: カビ categorically: 明確に obesity: 肥満 diabetes: 糖尿病 dementia: 認知症 longevity: 寿命 dietician: 栄養士 carbohydrate: 炭水化物 distort: ゆがめる rationing: 配給制 malnutrition: 栄養不良 processed: 加工された metabolism: 代謝 microbe: 細菌，微生物 additive: 食品添加物
【出典】 Tim Spector. Spoon-Fed: Why Almost Everything We’ve Been Told About Food is
Wrong. Vintage, 2020.（一部改変）
設問 下線部 ⑴ のように食に関する様々なアドバイスがあふれる中で， 年代以降，人々 の健康状態はどのように変化したと筆者は述べていますか。本文に則して 字以内の 日本語で説明しなさい。 設問 下線部 ⑵ は何を指していますか。本文の内容に則して 字以内の日本語で説明しなさ い。 設問 下線部 ⑶ はなぜ問題なのですか。筆者の説明に基づいて 字以内の日本語で説明しな さい。
設問 下線部 ⑷ について，政府のガイドラインが “simplified or misleading science” を基礎
にしてきたのはなぜでしょうか。筆者の説明に基づいて， 字以内の日本語で説明し
なさい。
設問 下線部 ⑸ “the food industry” にはどのような問題がありますか。また，なぜそのよう
な問題が起こっているのですか。筆者の説明に基づいて， 字以内の日本語で説明し
Ⅲ
Answer the following question in English in approximately − words.（配点率 ％）
What are the advantages and disadvantages of convenience stores? State your opinion providing concrete examples and reasons.
