࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢኚ㑄
̿2000ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆ࡢືࡁࡑࡢ≉ᚩ
㜰㇂Ꮫ ே㛫♫Ꮫ㒊 ே㛫♫Ꮫ⛉ ᩍᤵ ᒸᓥ ඞᶞ ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤❧ࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥᏛ ᐈဨ◊✲ဨ I ࡣࡌࡵ ୍⯡㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡑࡢฟඛᶵ㛵㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయ(1)ࡀ ᆅ᪉࡛ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪ఫẸ࠺ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡣ㔜せ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪୰ኸ࣭ᆅ᪉㸪ᅜᐙ࣭♫㛫ࡢ㛵ಀዴఱࡀࡑࡢᅜࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࡍࡿ㝿ࡢᇶᮏ ࡞ࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡣ㸪㏻ᖖ㸪ఫẸࡗ࡚ࡶࡗࡶ㏆࠸ࡇࢁ࠶ࡿ⾜ ᨻ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢไᗘࡢែᵝࡣఫẸࡢㅖᶒࡢಖ㞀ᙳ㡪ࡋ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࡸࢢࣟ ࣮ࣂࣝ࡞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ⟇ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㛤Ⓨ┠ᶆࡢ㐩ᡂࡶ㛵ಀࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไ ᗘ㸪ࡃࢪㅖᅜࡢࡑࢀࡽࡣ㸪ఏ⤫ⓗ◊✲ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚༑ศㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ ࡣ࡞ࡃ㹙᳃⏣ 1998㸸2㹛㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഴྥࡣ᪥࡛ࡶ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙ᕝ 2015㸸2-3㹛ࠋ ୍᪉㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᖹ༠ᐃᚋࡢ 1994 ᖺ௨㝆㸪ᅜ㐃ࢆ㍈ࡋ࡚㸪㞴Ẹ࢟ࣕ ࣥࣉ࠸ࡓ㞴Ẹࡢᖐ㑏࠾ࡼࡧᖐ㑏ඛ࡛࠶ࡿ㎰ᮧࡢ㛤Ⓨࢆᨭࡍࡿ㸪୍⯡ CARERE ࡤࢀࡿᴗࡀ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪1996 ᖺ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓ⛣⟶ࡉࢀ㸪SEILA ࠸࠺ ྡ⛠ኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᕞẖ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨጤဨ࠾ࡼࡧᇳ⾜ጤဨ㸪4 ࡘࡢᢏ⾡ⓗ ࣘࢽࢵࢺࡽ࡞ࡿ⤌⧊ࢆᩚഛࡍࡿࡶ㸪ࡑࡇࢆ㍈ࡋ࡚ᕞࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࢆ ⟇ᐃ࣭ᐇࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ᙧ࡛㈋ᅔ๐ῶఫẸཧຍࡢಁ㐍㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢᙉࢆࡣࡿྲྀ⤌ ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᡓᚋࡢᪧ࣭⯆ࡽᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞㛤Ⓨ⛣⾜ࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿ 1990 ᖺᚋ༙㸪ᅜ㐃➼ࡼࡿୖ㏙ᴗࡢ⤒㦂ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘ㹙Heng, Kim and So 2011㸸5㹛㹙Royal Government of Cambodia 2000㹛㸦௨ୗ㸪Royal Government of Cambodia ࡣ RGC ⾲グ ࡍࡿ㸧㸪୰ኸࡽᆅ᪉ࡢศᶒ㸦decentralization㸧ࡀ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ ᯝ㸪᠇ἲグ㍕ࡉࢀࡿᕞ࣭㒆࣭ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᕷ࣭༊࣭ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠸࠺ 3 ᒙࡽ࡞ ࡿᙜࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡲࡎࡣࡶࡗࡶఫẸࡢ㏆ࡃ࠶ࡿࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ ࠾࠸࡚ホ㆟㸦council㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ(2)ࠋ2002 ᖺ 2 ᭶㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣᖹ ᚋࡣࡌࡵ࡚ࡢᆅ᪉㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚ 1621 ࡢࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 5㹼 11 ྡࡢホ㆟ဨࡀ㑅ฟࡉࢀ㸪௨᮶㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡸࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥ ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨィ⏬࣭ண⟬ࡢ⟇ᐃ࣭ᐇ㸪ఫẸⓏ㘓ࡸ᭷ᶒ⪅Ⓩ㘓➼ࡢᴗົࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ 2000 ᖺ๓༙ࡽࡢືࡁࡣ㸪యⓗ࡞ཧຍࡢ㉁ࡢపࡉ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㹛㸪≉ᐃேཱྀ㞟ᅋࡼࡿཧຍࡢ㐣ᑡ㹙Heng, Kim and So 2011㹛㸪ᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡿබ ඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㔞ⓗ࣭㉁ⓗ㊊㹙Plummer, Tritt and Öjendal 2013㹛࠸ࡗࡓไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶ19 ࡢࡢ㸪ᆅ᪉ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࠾࠸࡚ᨻⓗ✵㛫ࢆఫẸ㛤ᨺࡋ㸪୍㒊࡛ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᑐࡍࡿ ఫẸࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ⫯ᐃⓗኚࡉࡏ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡽᆅ᪉⛣㌿ࡉࢀࡓ㈈ᨻ㈨※ ࡣ㸪ࣥࣇࣛᩚഛࡢ೫ྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡣゝ࠼㸪5000 ᡤࡢᡞ㸪7000 ࢟ࣟࡢࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㐨 ㊰㸪730 ࡢᩍᐊᘓタ➼㹙RGC 2010㸸5-6㹛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ㸪ᆅ᪉࠾ࡅࡿලయⓗ࡞⏕άࡢྥୖ ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ II ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࣭ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࠾ࡼࡧไ⣙ 1990 ᖺ௦ࡀ⌧ᅾࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘᩚഛࡢ๓ྐ㸪2000 ᖺ௦๓༙ࡀࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ ࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟タ⨨ࢆ㍈ࡋࡓศᶒࡢࡓࡵࡢไᗘᩚഛດࡵࡓ➨ 1 ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿࡍࡿ㸪 2000 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ࡽ⌧ᅾࡲ࡛ࡢᮇ㛫ࡣ➨ 2 ᮇ⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ(3)ࠋࡇࡢ➨ 2 ᮇࡣ㸪ᚋヲ ㏙ࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᛴ㏿㒔ᕷࡍࡿ㤳㒔ࡢᶵ⬟ᙉࡶ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪ᕷ࣭㒆࣭༊࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢᒙ࠾࠸࡚ホ㆟ࢆ᪂タࡋ㸪ࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚ᶒ㝈ࡸᴗົ㸪㈨㔠㸪ேဨࡢ⛣㌿ࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚ ࡇࢀࡽࡢホ㆟ࡢ㐠Ⴀᨭࢆ⾜࠺࠸ࡗࡓྲྀ⤌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞➨ 2 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ⦅ࡣࠕ1993 ᖺ᠇ἲ௨᮶㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢ࢞ ࣂࢼࣥࢫ࠾ࡅࡿࡶࡗࡶ㔝ᚰⓗ࡛㔜せ࡞ኚ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㹙RGC 2010㸸7㹛ᙧᐜࡉࢀ㸪ⱥ ㄒᩥ⊩࡛ࡣ୍ᐃࡢ◊✲✚ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡃࡘࡢእࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪 ࢇ◊✲࣭⤂ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡀ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢእ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⮬యᅜ㝿༠ࡢሗ ࿌㹙⏕ 2009㹛 JICA ࡢᴗሗ࿌᭩㹙ᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ 2008㸹2009㹛ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪㠀ᖖ ࢱ࣒࣮ࣜ࡞ሗ࿌࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪⣬㠃ࡢไ⣙ࡸሗ࿌᭩ࡢᛶ㉁ࡺ࠼㸪ヲ⣽ࡉ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪 యࢆಠ▔ࡍࡿໟᣓⓗ࡞どⅬḞࡃࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ୖࡢࢠࣕࢵࣉࢆᇙࡵࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋࡘࡘ㸪ලయⓗࡣ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࡞ࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ⦅ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ㸪ࡑࡢయീ≉ ᚩࢆࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍࡿࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ୖ㏙ࡢ┠ⓗࢆ㏣✲ࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛␃ពࡋࡓⅬࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㧗⏣㹙2014㸸3̺4㹛ࡀᣦࡍ ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ไᗘࡢᴫせࡸࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡞
ࡢࢆ࠶ࢃࡏ࡚⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ࡼࡾศᯒⓗ࡞グ㏙࡞ࡿࡼ࠺ດࡵࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ✏ࡢไ⣙ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᳃⏣㹙1998㹛ࡸᕝ㹙2015㹛ࡀᣦࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪㏵ୖᅜ ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡣไᗘᐇែࡢ㞳≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏ᇳ➹࠶ࡓࡗ ࡚ࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ㐠⏝㛵ࡍࡿᩥ⊩ࢆ᥈ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩥ⊩ࡣ ࢇᏑᅾࡏࡎ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪㛫ⓗไ⣙ࡺ࠼⊂⮬⌧ᆅㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇࡶ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢไᗘᐇែࡢ㞳㛵ࡍࡿᮏ✏ࡢグ㏙ࡣࡁࢃࡵ࡚㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡉࡽ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᵓ⠏ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ⌮ᛕࡽ㸪ᕝ㹙2015㹛ࡸ JICA㹙2007㹛ࡢࡼ࠺ 㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ⦅ࡀẸ⩏ࡢⓎᒎࡸබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᥦ౪ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠸࠺ほⅬࡽホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ᚋゐࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪࢝ ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣ࡞࠾♫ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᶵ⬟ࡢᆅ᪉⛣㌿ࡀࢇ㉳ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡑ ࠺ࡋࡓホ౯ⓗ࡞ほⅬࡽࡍࡿ᳨ウࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ III ᪂ࡋ࠸ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᴫせᨻ⟇ⓗ⤒⦋ 1 ᨻ⟇ⓗ⤒⦋ ᪤㏙ࡢࡼ࠺㸪➨ 1 ᮇࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ㑅ᣲᐇホ㆟タ⨨㸪 ホ㆟ࡀ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃ࣭ᐇ㸦ᅛ᭷ᴗົ㸧㸪ఫẸⓏ㘓ࡸ㑅ᣲேⓏ㘓㸦ጤ௵ᴗົ㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ ࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ᚲせ࡞ἲᚊ࣭ᣦ㔪ࡢᩚഛࡸ㈨㔠ࡢὶࢀࡢᵓ⠏㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢡ࣮ࣛࢡࡤࢀࡿ ᨭேဨࡢὴ㐵➼㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࢆ㍈ࡋࡓศᶒࡢྲྀ⤌ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㹙ᒸ ᓥ 2005㹛ࠋࡲࡓྠ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛ㸪ෆົ┬ࢆ㍈ࡋࡓ㛵ಀ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟ ࡋࡓேᮦ⫱ᡂࡸḟᮇᨻ⟇ᙧᡂࢃࡿᨻ⟇ᑐヰࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪2000 ᖺ 2 ᭶ 㛤ദࡉࢀࡓࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛ࣛࡣ㸪ᙜ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ⪅ࡢ༙ࡗ࡚ࡣ㥆ᰁࡢ࡞࠸ ศᩓ㸦deconcentration㸧(4)㛵ࡍࡿㅮ⩏ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡶ㸪㤳┦ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢศᩓࢆ 㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡸ㸪㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌࡓホ㆟タ⨨ࢆక࠺ศᶒࡣࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢࡳ ࡵࡿ࠸࠺㊃᪨ࡢᨻᗓ᪉㔪ࢆ⾲᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙RGC 2000㹛(5)ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᨻᗓ᪉㔪 ࡣࡇࡢᮇ࠾ࡅࡿከࡃࡢ㔜せᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ᇶᮏⓗ⥅ᢎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡗࡓ(6)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪⠊ᅖࢆ㝈ᐃࡋࡓศᶒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ᨻᗓ᪉㔪ࡀ㸪᪥ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ヲ ⣽ࡉࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪2000 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡃ௨ୗ 2 ࡘࡢᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࡀ㍈ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ḟ⠇࡛ヲㄝࡍࡿࠗ㤳㒔࣭ᕞ࣭ᕷ࣭㒆࣭༊⾜ᨻ㐠Ⴀᇶᮏἲ࠘㸦௨ ୗ㸪ࠕᇶᮏἲࠖ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧㹙RGC 2008a㹛ࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ἲ௧ࡸᣦ㔪ࡀฟࡉࢀ ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ ࡑࡢᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ 2 ࡘࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ 1 ࡘࡣ㸪ࠗศᶒ࣭ศᩓᨵ㠉ࡢࡓࡵࡢᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳ࠘㹙RGC 2005a㹛㸦௨ୗ㸪ࠕᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไ ᗘ⦅ࡢ┠ⓗࢆẸⓗཧຍࡢಁ㐍㈋ᅔ๐ῶタᐃࡋࡘࡘ㸪ලయⓗྲྀ⤌ࢆ௨ୗࡢ 3 ࡘศ ࡅ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ձ㸦ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᨻᗓ᪉㔪ࢆኚ᭦ࡋ㸧ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ ࠾࠸࡚㛫᥋㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌࡓホ㆟ဨࡽ࡞ࡿホ㆟ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࢆ⿵బࡍࡿᐁ
21 ⤌⧊ࢆᩚഛࡍࡿ㸪ղ୰ኸ┬ᗇࡸࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᢸࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᶵ⬟ࡸࡑ ࢀᑐࡍࡿ㈨㔠ࡢὶࢀࢆぢ┤ࡍࡶ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࢆ⟇ᐃ ࡍࡿ➼㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ᶵ⬟࣭㈨㔠ࢆᑟධࡍࡿ㸪ճࡇࢀࡽࡢኚక࠸㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊㛵 ࡍࡿᇶᮏἲ࣭㑅ᣲἲࡢไᐃࡸࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢ⟇ᐃ㸪ᅜᐙጤဨࡢタ⨨➼㸪୰ኸᨻᗓ ࡢἲⓗᯟ⤌ࡳࡸ⤌⧊࣭ேဨయไࡢ⦅ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡶ ࠺ 1 ࡘ ࡢ ᨻ ⟇ ᩥ ᭩ ࡣ ࠗ ᆅ ᪉ ᨻ ᗓ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ Ẹ ⓗ 㛤 Ⓨ ࡢ ࡓ ࡵ ࡢ ᅜ ᐙ ࣉ ࣟ ࢢ ࣛ ࣒ 2010-2019࠘㹙RGC 2010㹛㸦௨ୗ㸪ࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࠕᅜᐙࣉ ࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣ㸪㤳┦⮬㌟ࡀ๓ᩥࢆᐤ✏ࡍࡿᙧ࡛ᨻᗓࡋ࡚ศᶒྥࡅࡓᨻⓗពᛮࢆ♧ ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘ⦅ࡢ┠ᶆࡑࡢ㐩ᡂᡭẁࢆヲ⣽グ㍕ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽ ┠ᶆࡸࡑࡢ㐩ᡂᡭẁ㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡣᇶᮏⓗࠕᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖࢆ㋃くࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࠕᅜ ᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣᐇẁ㝵ࢆど㔝ධࢀ㸪ࢱ࣒ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡢ㸪┠ⓗࡸ࢘ࢺࣉࢵࢺ㸪 ᣦᶆ㸪ᚲせ࡞ண⟬㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ≉ᚩⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢱ࣒ࣇ࣮࣒ࣞࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᐇᮇ㛫 10 ᖺ㛫ࢆ 2010 ᖺ㹼2012 ᖺ㸦᪂ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢタ❧࣭ไᗘᮇ㸧㸪2013 ᖺ㹼2015 ᖺ㸦᪂ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᙉ࣭ᗈ⠊ᮇ㸧㸪2016 ᖺ㹼2019 ᖺ㸦᪂ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ ぢ┤ࡋ࣭ㄪᩚ࣭῝ᮇ㸧ࡢ 3 ᮇศࡅ࡚タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྲྀ⤌ศ㔝ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㸦1㸧ᆅ ᪉⾜ᨻࡢ⤌⧊㛤Ⓨ㸪㸦2㸧ேⓗ㈨※⟶⌮࣭㛤Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸪㸦3㸧ᶵ⬟⛣㌿㸪㸦4㸧ண⟬࣭㈈ᨻ࣭ ㈨⏘⟶⌮ࢩࢫࢸ࣒㸪㸦5㸧୰ኸᨻᗓෆࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨭไᗘ࠸࠺ 5 ࡘࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋண⟬ ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪2010 ᖺᗘᚲせ࡞㢠ࢆ 216 ⓒࢻࣝぢ✚ࡶࡾ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓࡀࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ ࡢ 123 ⓒࢻࣝࢆ㸪ຓᶵ㛵ࡀṧࡾࡢ 93 ⓒࢻࣝࢆ㈇ᢸࡍࡿ᪨㸪グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(7)ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 2 ࡘࡢᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࡢෆᐜࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ๓ᚋ⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓᨻᗓࡢ㔜せᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࡶ ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(8)ࠋ 2 ᕞ࣭㤳㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᵓ㐀 ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᨻ⟇ⓗ⤒⦋ࢆ⤒࡚㸪⦅ࡉࢀࡓᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2008 ᖺ㸪ᇶᮏἲ ࡀไᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᇶᮏ㡯ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗࡇࡢᇶᮏ ἲࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᵓ㐀ࡸேဨ㸪ᴗົ㸪㈈ᨻࡢᴫせࢆグࡍࡇࡍࡿࠋ
࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡣ㸪᪤㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾ㸪3 ᒙᵓ㐀ࡽ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪➨ 2 ᮇࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭ 㒔ࡸ㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾࠸࡚㛫᥋㑅ᣲ㸦ẚ௦⾲ไ㸧ࡉࢀࡓホ㆟ဨࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿホ㆟ࡀ࠾ ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓ㸦ᇶᮏἲ 14 ᮲㸧ࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ᨻඪࡀ⏝ពࡍࡿホ㆟ဨೃ⿵⪅ࣜࢫࢺ ࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ᒓࡍࡿࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡸࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢホ㆟ဨࡀᢞ⚊ࢆ⾜ ࠺㸦㤳㒔࣭ᕞ㸪ᕷ࣭㒆࣭༊ホ㆟㑅ᣲἲ➨ 27 ᮲➼㹙RGC 2008b㹛㸧ࠋホ㆟ࡣ㸪ᕞࡢሙ ྜ 9㹼21 ྡ㸪㒔࡛ 21 ྡ㸪㒆ࡸ༊࡛ 7 㹼19 ྡ㸪ᕷ࡛ 7㹼15 ྡࡢホ㆟ဨࡀ࠸ࡿ㸦ᇶᮏἲ➨ 18 ᮲㸧ࠋ㆟㛗ࡣ㸪㑅ᣲ࡛᭱ከ⚊ࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓᨻඪࡢೃ⿵⪅ࣜࢫࢺ᭱ୖ⪅ࡀᑵࡃ㸦17 ᮲㸧ࠋ ௵ᮇࡣ 5 ᖺ㸦15 ᮲㸧࡛㸪⿕㑅ᣲᶒࡣㄌ⏕ࡽ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᅜẸ࡛࠶ࡿ➼ࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓ 25 ṓ௨ୖࡢ⪅࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦21 ᮲㸧ࠋඪ⡠႙ኻࡸ᭷⨥ุỴ㸪Ṛஸ➼ࡢ㸪๓ࡢᢎ ㄆ࡞ࡋ 2 ᅇ௨ୖ㐃⥆ࡋ࡚ᐃࢆḞᖍࡋࡓ⪅ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣෆົ┬ࡀホ㆟ဨ㈨᱁ࢆዣࡍࡿ ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦22 ᮲㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ホ㆟ဨࡣ᭷⤥࡛㸦28 ᮲㸧㸪ࡑࡢሗ㓘ࡣ 1 ࣨ᭶⣙ 125㹼250 ⡿ࢻࣝ(9)㹙RGC 2009b㹛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ホ㆟ෆࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ㸪ᢏ⾡ⓗㄪᩚጤဨ㸦technical facilitation committee㸧㸪ዪ ᛶ࣭Ꮚࡶጤဨ㸦women’s and children’s affairs committee㸧㸪ㄪ㐩ጤဨ㸦procurement committee㸧࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢጤဨタ⨨ࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦114 ᮲㸧ࠋࡃ㸪ᢏ⾡ⓗㄪ ᩚጤဨࡣ㸪㤳㛗ࡀ㆟㛗࡞ࡾ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᆅ᪉ฟඛᶵ㛵௦⾲⪅➼ࡀฟᖍࡋ࡚㸪ྛ┬ᗇࡢ ືࡁࡸ㏆㞄ᆅᇦࡢືࡁࡘ࠸࡚ሗඹ᭷࣭ㄪᩚࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢᆅᇦࡢ 5 ࣨᖺ㛤Ⓨィ⏬➼ࡢ⦅ ᡂࡘ࡞ࡆࡿᙺ➼ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙RGC 2009c㹛ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢࡓࡵࡢᇶᮏ᪉㔪ࡸᖺḟィ⏬㸪ண⟬ࢆ ❧࡚ࡿࡶ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵᚲせ࡞┬ᗇ㛫ㄪᩚࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡇࢀࢆࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃẸⓗᆅ ᪉㛤Ⓨᅜᐙጤဨ㸦National Committee for Sub-National Democratic Developmentࠋ௨ ୗ㸪NCDD ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡀタࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋNCDD ࡣ㸪ࡃᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ ࢃࡿ⮧࣭㛗ᐁࢡࣛࢫࡀ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡋ࡚ᑵ௵ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ(10)㸪ົᒁࡣෆົ┬ෆ࠾ࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㹙RGC 2008c㹛ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡘ࡚㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡸࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢホ㆟㛫ࡢ㐃ᦠࢆಁࡋ㸪ࡲ ࡓ㸪ࡇࢀࡽホ㆟ࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ୰ኸᨻᗓ࠾ࡅࡿᨻ⟇ᙧᡂ㐣⛬ᫎࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡍ ࡿࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᅜ㐃┕ 㸦National League of Communes/Sangkats㸧ࡤ ࢀࡿᅜ⤌⧊ࡸࡑࡢᕞᨭ㒊ࡀᏑᅾࡋࡓࠋᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡶホ㆟ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࡇ ࡽ㸪⌧ᅾࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉ホ㆟༠㸦SNA Council Association㸧ྡ⛠ࢆኚ࠼㸪ᅜ㐃㛤Ⓨィ⏬ ➼ࡽࡢᨭࢆཷࡅ㸪άືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3 ᕞ࣭㤳㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢேဨ
ᆅ᪉ࡢබົဨ⤌⧊ࡣ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ௨๓㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿ୰ኸ┬ᗇࡢᣦ♧ࢆཷࡅࡑࡢᴗົ ࢆ㐙⾜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ௨㝆ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶไᗘୖࡣ㸪ᕞࡸ㤳㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢ ホ㆟ࡼࡿ⤫ไࢆཷࡅ㸪୍ඖⓗᴗົࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
23 ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ᪉࠾ࡅࡿබົဨ⤌⧊ࡢ㡬Ⅼࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔ࡢሙྜ㸪㤳┦ࡽࡢせㄳ࣭ෆົ ┬ࡽࡢせㄳສ௧ࡼࡗ࡚௵ࡉࢀࡿ㤳㛗㸦▱㸧㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢሙྜࡣෆົ┬ࡢせㄳ 㛶ホ㆟௧ࡼࡗ࡚௵ࡉࢀࡿ㤳㛗㸦㒆㛗࣭ᕷ㛗࣭༊㛗㸧ࡀ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽ㤳㛗 ࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔ࡢሙྜ㸪㛗㸦ᕞࡢሙྜࡣ 3㹼7 ྡ㸪㤳㒔ࡢሙྜࡣ 7 ྡࡢ▱ࡀෆົ┬ࡢせ ㄳ㛶ホ㆟௧ࡼࡗ࡚௵ࡉࢀࡿ㸧㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢሙྜࡣ㛗㸦ෆົ┬௧ࡼࡗ࡚௵ ࡉࢀࡿ 3㹼5 ྡࡢ㒆㛗࣭ᕷ㛗࣭༊㛗㸧ࡼࡗ࡚⿵బࡉࢀ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⌮(11)㸦board of governors㸧ࢆᙧᡂࡋ⫋ົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿ㸦140 ᮲㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽᐁ㑅ࡢ㤳㛗࣭㛗ࡣෆົ┬⫋ဨ ࡀ࠶࡚ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᕞ▱࣭㒔▱ࡣ 35 ṓ௨ୖ୍࡛ᐃࡢ⫋㝵ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿ㸪༞࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ 7 ᖺ ௨ୖࡢබົဨ⫋ົ⤒㦂ࢆࡶࡘ⪅㸦142 ᮲㸧࠸࠺ࡩ࠺㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⫋ົࡼࡗ࡚⣽ࡃ ᮲௳ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௵ᮇࡣ 4 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪1 ᮇࡢࡳ᭦᪂ࡍࡿࡇࡀྍ⬟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ 㸦147 ᮲㸧ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪㤳㛗࣭㛗ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ホ㆟ࡣෆົ┬ᑐࡋ࡚ゎ௵ࢆ ㄳồࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪㤳㛗㸦ᕞ࣭㤳㒔ࡢሙྜࡣᕞ▱࣭㒔▱ࢆྵࡴ㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㤳 ┦ࡀ㸪ࡢ㛗ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣෆົ┬ࡀゎ⫋ࡢ㠀ࢆ᳨ウ࣭Ỵᐃࡍࡿ㸦152 ᮲㸧ࠋ ࡇࢀࡽ㤳㛗࣭㛗ࡀᙧᡂࡍࡿ⌮ࡢୗබົဨࡀົࡋ㸪ホ㆟㸪᭱⤊ⓗࡣఫẸࡢ ࡓࡵࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᴗົࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡇࢀࡽබົဨࡣᇶᮏⓗ 3 ࡘࡢࢱࣉࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸯ࡘ┠ࡣ ホ㆟ࡀເ㞟࣭㑅ᐃ࣭㞠⏝ࡍࡿᆅ᪉බົဨࡲࡓࡣዎ⣙⫋ဨ㸪2 ࡘ┠ࡣホ㆟࡛ົࡍࡿࡓ ࡵᅜᐙබົဨࡽ㌟ศ⛣⟶ࡉࢀࡿᆅ᪉බົဨ㸪3 ࡘ┠ࡣᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయฟྥࡍࡿᅜᐙබົ ဨ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦173 ᮲㸧ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ᇶᮏἲࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞බົဨ⤌⧊ࡢ࡞࡛ࡶࡃ㔜せ࣏ࢫࢺࡋ࡚㸪௨ୗࡢ 3 ࡘゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨୍ࡣ㈈ᨻ㛗㸦finance chief㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣෆົ⮧ࡢせㄳ⤒῭ ㈈ົ⮧ࡢᢎㄆࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ホ㆟ࡀ௵ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦179 ᮲㸧ࠋ➨ࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ ᨭࣘࢽࢵࢺ㛗㸦commune support unit chief㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸦181 ᮲㸧ࠋ➨୕㸪ෆົ⮧ࡢ௵ ࡶ࡙ࡁᑵ௵ࡍࡿົ㛗㸦administration director㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋົ㛗ࡣ㸪⌮ࡢ┤ ୗ⨨ࡋ㸪㈈ົ㛗ࢆྵࡴබົဨ⤌⧊యࡢ᪥ᖖᴗົࢆᣦ࣭┘╩ࡋ㸪ホ㆟⌮ ᑐࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂㈐௵ࢆ㈇࠺࣏ࢫࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦183㹼188 ᮲㸧ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ࠾ࡅࡿ㢧ⴭ࡞ேᮦ㊊ࢆ⿵࠸㸪ㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆኚ᭦ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ព ࡛㔜せ࡞㸪ᅜᐙබົဨࡢᆅ᪉බົဨࡢ㌟ศ⛣⟶㹙㧗⏣ 2014㸪ᕝ 2015㹛㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖ㹙RGC 2005a㸸14㹛࠾࠸࡚㌟ศ⛣⟶ࢆྵࡴே⟶⌮࣭㛤 Ⓨࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏ࢆඃඛ㡯ࡋ࡚タᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉㸪ࡇࡢேဨࡢᆅ᪉㓄⨨ၥ㢟ࡣࠕ」㞧 ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ὀព῝ࡃᐇࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹙RGC 2010㸸x㹛㏙ࡿᩥ⊩ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡢ㏵ୖᅜྠᵝ㹙᳃⏣ 1998㸸19㹛㸪᪉㔪ࡣ᭕࡞ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪 ᆅ᪉ົࡢ┬ᗇᡤᒓᅜᐙබົဨࡢ௵࣭ゎ⫋ᶒ㝈ࢆᕞ࣭㒔ࡢ▱⛣㌿ࡉࡏࡿ㛶ホ㆟ ௧㹙RGC 2013㹛ࢆฟࡋ㸪ࡉࡽᆅ᪉බົဨἲ㸦Statute for Sub-National Administration Personnel㸧ࡢ⟇ᐃ࠾ࡼࡧ NCDD ࡼࡿᢎㄆࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ㹙NCDD 2016㸸i㹛➼㸪ኚࡀ
ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓබົဨ⤌⧊ࡢ⬟ຊࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ(12)㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࡛ࡢホ㆟タ⨨௨๓⾜
ࢃࢀࡓㄪᰝ㹙Ministry of Interior 2008a; 2008b㹛ࡼࡿ㸪ἲ௧ࡀᮍᩚഛ࡛㒊⨫ࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡢᙺࡀ᭕࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸪㸦≉ᐃࡢࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸧ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ୍⯡ᦠࢃࡿேᩘ(13)ࡶ◊ ಟᶵࡶ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ㸪ࡃ㒆ࡸ༊࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ே௳㈝௨እࡢண⟬ࢆ ࢇ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪Ṕྐⓗࡶ 80 ᖺ௦ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪㔜せᴗົࢆᢸ࠺ࡇࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ 㹙Chheat et al. 2011㸸24㹛ࡓࡵ㸪᭩㢮Ჴࡸ㟁ヰ➼㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡞ഛရ࣭ᶵᮦࡶḞࡁ㸪ᐇ ົ⤒㦂ࡶஈࡋ࠸ࡇ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᆅ᪉ົࡍࡿෆົ┬⫋ဨࡢᖺ㱋ᵓᡂࡶ㸪 3 ศࡢ 1 ࡀ 40 ṓ௦㸪ྠࡌࡃ 3 ศࡢ 1 ࡀ 50 ṓ௦࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⟶⌮⫋ࡢᆅ࠶ࡿ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑ ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ḟ⠇࡛㏙ࡿࡼ࠺㸪➨ 2 ᮇ௨㝆ᢸ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓᴗົࢆᐇ㝿㐙⾜ࡍࡿ㝿 ࡣࡁ࡞ᅔ㞴ࢆక࠺ࡇࡀീࡉࢀࡿࠋ 4 ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟ࡢᴗົ ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ேဨࢆ᭷ࡍࡿᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢホ㆟ࡣ㸪බ㛤ࡢᐃࢆᖺ 12 ᅇ㸪ᚲせ࡞ሙྜࡣ⮫ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸦74 ᮲࣭77 ᮲㸧⟶㎄ᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿẸⓗ㛤Ⓨࢆ ಁ㐍ࡋ㸪ጤ௵࣭ጤㆡࡉࢀࡓᴗົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽホ㆟ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ㸪❧ἲᶒ⾜ᨻ ᶒࡢ⾜࠸࠺ 2 ࡘࡢᴗົࢆ⾜࠺㸦30 ᮲㸧ࠋ ࡲࡎ㸪❧ἲᶒࡢ⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ホ㆟ࡣ Deika ࡤࢀࡿ᮲ࢆไᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿ㸦32 ᮲㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ᮲ࡀ᠇ἲࡸἲᚊ㸪ສ௧㸪㛶ホ㆟௧ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ᕪูⓗ࡞ ෆᐜࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿሙྜࡣ↓ຠ࡞ࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦57 ᮲࣭58 ᮲㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪᮲ࡣ㸪 㐪ࡲࡓࡣ㑂Ᏺᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜࡀ♧ࡍᣦ㔪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚⨩㔠ࢆㄢࡋࡓࡾ㸦59 ᮲㸧㸪㆙ᐹ ᶒຊ㐃ᦠࡋ࡚㑂Ᏺࢆồࡵࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦61 ᮲㸧ࠋ㐣ཤไᐃࡉࢀࡓ᮲ࡋ࡚ ࡣ㸪ẖᖺࡢண⟬ࢆᐃࡵࡿ᮲㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡢබົဨࢆᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢ≉ᐃ⫋ົ௵ࡍࡿ᮲ ➼㸪ົᡭ⥆ࡁୖồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡀ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⪺ࡁྲྀࡾࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయ ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣෙ፧ⴿ⚍ࡢᘧ㛤ദࢆ┠ⓗࡋࡓබ㐨ࡢ⏝ࢆ⚗ࡎࡿ᮲➼㸪ホ㆟ࡀ⮬ ⓗไᐃࡋࡓ᮲ࡶฟ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⾜ᨻᶒࡢ⾜ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏἲࡣ 10 㡯┠ࢆิᣲࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦36 ᮲㸧ࡀ㸪ᇶᮏⓗࡣ㸪 ⩏ົⓗᶵ⬟㸦obligatory function㸧௵ពⓗᶵ⬟㸦permissive function㸧ࡤࢀࡿ 2 ࡘ ࡢࢱࣉศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢせㄳࡶ࡙ࡁἲ௧ࡼࡗ࡚つᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪 ࠸ࡎࢀࡢホ㆟ࡶྲྀࡾ⤌ࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦222 ᮲㸧ࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓ ࡽホ㆟ᑐࡋ࡚ጤㆡࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸦223 ᮲㸧ጤ௵ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ㸦224 ᮲㸧ࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡀ࠶ ࡿࠋ௵ពⓗᶵ⬟ࡣ㸪ᩥᏐ࠾ࡾ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㈨※⛣㌿ࢆ๓ᥦࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ಶࠎࡢホ ㆟⮬㌟ࡀ௵ព࡛ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇࢆỴࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦230 ᮲㸧ࠋ௵ពⓗᶵ⬟ࡣ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡀ ୍ᐃࡢᇶ‽ࡸᡭ㡰ࢆ♧ࡍࡀ㸪ᐇ᪉ἲࡣホ㆟⮬㌟ࡀỴᐃࡍࡿ㸦231 ᮲㸧ࠋ ⩏ົⓗᶵ⬟࣭௵ពⓗᶵ⬟࠸࠺༊ศࡣᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢ⮬ᛶࡶ࡙ࡃ࠺ࡼࡿ༊
25 ู࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ෆᐜୖ㸪ホ㆟ࡢᴗົࡣホ㆟ไᗘࡢᩚഛ࣭㐠Ⴀࢃࡿࡶࡢ㸦ே⟶⌮ ࡸண⟬⦅ᡂ࣭ᇳ⾜㸪ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࣭ホ౯㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡸఫẸᑐࡍࡿሗ࿌➼㸧㸪ᆅᇦࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭ ᢞ㈨ィ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃࢃࡿࡶࡢ㸪ᚋ㸪᪂ࡋࡃጤㆡ࣭ጤ௵ࡉࢀࡿᴗົࡢ 3 ࡘศ㢮ࡍࡿࡇ ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪5 ࣨᖺ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡸ 3 ࣨᖺᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ㸪ᖺ㛫ண⟬㸪୰ᮇᨭฟィ ⏬ࡢ⟇ᐃࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⟇ᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡶࡢ ࡛㸪ࡃ 5 ࣨᖺ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢ≧ἣศᯒࡃࢃ࠼㸪ᚋ 5 ᖺ㛫ࡢᒎᮃ ࡸලయⓗ࡞┠ᶆ࣭ᣦᶆ㸪ᡓ␎ࢆグࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦39 ᮲㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪3 ࣨᖺᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ ࡣ㸪5 ࣨᖺ㛤Ⓨィ⏬࠶ࡿ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵᚋ 3 ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕᐇࡉࢀࡿᴗ㸦ᅜ 㝿༠ຊᅋయࡀᐇࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶྵࡴ㸧ࡑࢀࡿ㈝⏝ࢆࣜࢫࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖺ㛫 ண⟬୰ᮇᨭฟィ⏬ࡣ㸪3 ࣨᖺᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࠶ࡿᴗࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢ ୰ኸᨻᗓ࣭ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡀ㈇ᢸࡍࡿศࡢᴗࢥࢫࢺࢆࣜࢫࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ5 ࣨᖺ㛤Ⓨ ィ⏬ࡣఫẸࡑࡢࡢ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢཧຍࢆᚓ࡚⟇ᐃࡉࢀ㸦38 ᮲㸧㸪ホ㆟࡛ᢎㄆᚋࡣ㸪ࡢᴗົ ྠࡌࡼ࠺㸦51 ᮲࣭52 ᮲㸧㸪ࡓࡔࡕࡇࢀࢆබ♧ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦41 ᮲㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪 ࡇࡢ 5 ࣨᖺ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࡸ 3 ࣨᖺᢞ㈨ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪௨ୗࡢ⾲࠶ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ᇶᮏⓗ ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 3 ࡘࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉࡽᡂࡾ❧ࡘࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤒࡚⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㹙NCDD 2014a㸹 2014b㹛ࠋ
᪂ࡋ࠸ᴗົࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏἲࡣ㸪ᶵ⬟ࡢ⛣㌿ࡀ࡞ࡽࡎ㈨㔠࣭ேဨࡢ⛣㌿ࢆక࠺ࡇ 㸦200 ᮲㸧㸪ඃඛⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴศ㔝ࢆᣦᐃࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟⛣㌿ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡇ㸦215 ᮲㸧㸪ඃඛⓗ ⛣㌿ࢆ⾜࠺ᶵ⬟ࡣఫẸࡢ㈋ᅔ๐ῶ࣭⏕ィྥୖ┤᥋ࢃࡿ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡛ྍḞ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡍࡿࡇ㸦216 ᮲㸧㸪ᶵ⬟ࡢ⛣㌿ࡣ⛣⾜ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿΰࢆ᭱ᑠ㝈ࡵࡿࡇ㸦218 ᮲㸧 ࠸ࡗࡓཎ๎ࢆグ㍕ࡍࡿࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣ㸪ᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࢆ 5 ࡘࡢࠕࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛศ㔝ࠖࡢ࠺ࡕࡢ 1 ࡘᣦᐃࡋ㸪ࡃᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ➨ 1 ᮇ㸦2010 ᖺ 㹼2012 ᖺ㸧┠࡛ᆅ᪉⛣⟶ࡍࡿ୍⩌ࡢᶵ⬟ࠕ➨ 1 ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࠖࢆ᳨ウ࣭Ỵᐃࡍࡿࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᐃࡵࡓ㛶ホ㆟௧㹙RGC 2012a㹛࡛ࡶ㸪ᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࡢඃ ඛศ㔝ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ணᐃࡽࡣ㐜ࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪2013 ᖺࡣඃඛ┬ᗇ㸦ᩍ ⫱࣭ಖ࣭㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨ࣭㎰ᯘỈ⏘࣭♫⚟♴㸧࡛ᶵ⬟ศᯒࡀࡋ㹙Asian Development Bank 㸦௨ୗ㸪ADB ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧 2014㹛㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢඃඛ┬ᗇࡢ࡞࡛ᐇ㝿 ᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡸ㸪බᅬࡢ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮࣭㥔㌴ሙࡸᕷሙ㸪ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ࡢ㐠Ⴀ➼㸪ඃඛ┬ᗇࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㉸࠼ࡓᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࢆලయⓗ᳨ウࡍࡿࡶฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙NCDD 2016㹛ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪 ᅇࡢᇶᮏἲไᐃඛ❧ࡕ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᨵ㠉ࡢ➨ 1 ᮇ⾜ࡗࡓࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢧࣥ ࢝ࢵࢺ࠾ࡅࡿ㑅ᣲᐇホ㆟タ⨨ࢆࡩࡾ࠼ࡗࡓࡇࢁ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢ ୍㒊ࡣఫẸࡢ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ࡢṇᙜᛶࢆ⋓ᚓࡋ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡀఫẸࡢ᪉ࢆぢ࡚ᴗົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿ ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡢὶࢀ࠾ࡅࡿኚ᭦㹙RGC 2010㸸5㹛ࡸᆅ᪉࠾࠸࡚ఫẸࡀཧຍࡍࡿᨻⓗ ✵㛫ࡢ㐀㹙Chheat et al. 2011㹛㹙Heng, Vong and Chheat 2014㹛࠸ࡗࡓᡂᯝࢆࡶࡓࡽ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸪ࡋࡋྠ㸪ᗈࡃㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ࡲࡔࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡸࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ ࡢ⬟ຊࡣ༑ศ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼㸪ᚑ᮶ࡣᕞࣞ࣋ࣝ࠾ ࢀࡓᕞ㎰ᮧ㛤Ⓨጤဨ࠸࠺⤌⧊ࡀ㍈࡞ࡗ࡚ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࢆᨭࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᶵ⬟ࢆ ࡉࡽఫẸ㏆࠸ࡇࢁ㝆ࢁࡋ㸪㒆ࡀࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡢືࡁࢆࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ ࡢ⬟ຊࢆᙉࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᙺࢆᢸ࠺ࡇ࡞ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪㒆࣭ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ ࡢᨭࢆᕞホ㆟ࡢᶵ⬟ྵࡵࡿࡶ㸪㒆ホ㆟ࡢ࡞ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥᨭࣘࢽࢵࢺࢆ タ⨨ࡋ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ࡶఫẸཧຍࢆಁ㐍ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ࡽ࠶ࡀࡗ ࡚ࡃࡿせㄳᑐᛂࡋࡓࡾ㸦97 ᮲㸧㸪ࡉࡽࡣࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ࡢ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇࡔࡾ ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ(14)ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ホ㆟ࡣ㸪㞳፧ࡸ DV㸪ฮ௳ヱᙜࡍࡿࡶࡢ➼ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪⟶㎄ᆅᇦ࡛⾜ࡗࡓ ⚾ே㛫ࡢಀதࢆ௰ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇࡶồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦89 ᮲㹼95 ᮲㸧(15)㸪 ᐇ㝿ࡢᴗົࡢ࡞࡛ẚ㍑ⓗࡁ࡞ྜࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 5 ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟ࡢ㈈ᨻ ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢண⟬ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦44 ᮲࠾ࡼࡧ 241 ᮲㸧㸪ࡑࡢ 㐠Ⴀ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪2011 ᖺไᐃࡉࢀࡓࠗᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ㈈ᨻไᗘ࣭㈨⏘㐠Ⴀἲ࠘௨ୗ㸪ࠕᆅ᪉㈈
27 ᨻἲࠖ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧㹙RGC 2011㹛ࢆ㍈ࡍࡿἲ௧ࡶ࡙࠸࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᆅ᪉㈈ᨻἲࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪ṓධṓฟࡢ 2 ࡘศࡅ㸪ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻไᗘࡢᴫ␎ࢆ ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻࡢつᶍࡣᑠࡉࡃ㸪2016 ᖺᗘࡣᨻᗓண⟬య༨ࡵࡿᆅ᪉ண⟬ࡢ ྜࡣ 7.2㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓࡣ 2017 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡇࡢྜࢆ 10㸣ቑຍࡉࡏࡿ ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ❧࡚࡚࠾ࡾ㹙ADB 2014a㸹2014b㹛㸪ࡑࡢ┠ᶆ㐩ᡂࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪2013 ᖺᗘࡣ 5.7㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡽ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡣ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᛴ㏿࡞㈨㔠ቑ㢠ࢆ⤒ 㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎṓධࡘ࠸࡚࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⮬㈈※㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㔠㸪ࡑࡢ࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢ✀㢮 ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻἲ 24 ᮲㸧ࠋ⮬㈈※ࡣ㸪ձᆅ᪉⛯ධ㸪ղ㈨⏘ࡢ㐠⏝ࡸᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ ࣅࢫࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿ⏝ᩱ࣭ᡭᩘᩱ➼ࡢ㠀⛯ධ㸪ճᐤࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻἲ 25 ᮲㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㔠ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜྠᵝ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢሙྜࡶ㸪ἲᐃཷクົࡢ ᑐ౯ࡸົ⟶⌮㈝㸪ホ㆟ࡀ⮬ⓗᐇࢆỴࡵࡓ௵ពⓗᶵ⬟ࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠ࡋ࡚↓᮲௳ ᨭฟࡉࢀࡿ୍⯡㈈※㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡽᆅ᪉⛣㌿ࡉࢀࡓ⩏ົⓗᶵ⬟ࡢᐇ⤒㈝࣭⟶⌮㈝ ➼㸪≉ᐃࡢ㏵ࡢࡓࡵ≉ᐃ㈈※ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻἲ 26 ᮲㹼29 ᮲㸧ࠋᆅ᪉മࡢⓎ⾜ࡣ࡛ࡁ ࡞࠸㸦ᇶᮏἲ 252 ᮲㸧ࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ᆅ᪉⛯ධࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ✏ᇳ➹Ⅼ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㛵㐃つ⛬ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ㄢ⛯ ᑐ㇟ࡸᚩ᪉ἲ㸪ᚩࡉࢀࡓ㈨㔠ࡢὶࢀࡣศࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡀᡤ᭷ࡍࡿ ㈨⏘ࡢ㐠⏝ࡸᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡀᥦ౪ࡍࡿࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤఫẸⓏ㘓ࡽᕷሙ࡛ࡢ Ⴀᴗチྍక࠺ᩱ㔠➼ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᑐ౯ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ⾜ ᨻయࡢṓධࡢࡼ࠺ὶࢀࡿࡢ㸪ヲ⣽ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡀᚩࡍࡿ ⛯࣭㠀⛯ࡣ㸪2012 ᖺᗘࡣ GDP ࡢ 1㸣㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⣙ 140 ⓒࢻࣝࡢつᶍࡀ࠶ࡿ㹙ADB 2014a㸸12㹛ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᨻᗓࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡀ༑ศ࡞㈨㔠ࢆࡶࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡣᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢ⛯࣭㠀⛯ࢆᑐ GDP ẚ 1.5㸣ࡍࡿࡢ┠ ᶆࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ෆົ⮧ࡢྠព⤒῭㈈ົ⮧ࡢᢎㄆࡶ࡙ࡃᅜ᭷㈨⏘ࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయ ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ࣭⏝ᶒࡢ⛣㌿ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ㸦ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻἲ 47 ᮲࣭49 ᮲㸧ືࡁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 ⤒῭㈈ົ┬ෆᆅ᪉ࡢ⮬㈈※ᣑ⟇ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿసᴗ⌜ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙NCDD 2016㹛ࠋ ௨ୗࡢᅗࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻࡢయࢆࡼࡾ࣓࣮ࢪࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡼ࠺సᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㔠ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔ண⟬ࡸ➨ 1 ᮇタࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ ࢵࢺᇶ㔠(16)ࡃࢃ࠼㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢࡓࡵ㒆࣭ᕷ㛤Ⓨᇶ㔠
㸦District/Municipality Development Fund㸧㸦ᆅ᪉㈈ᨻἲ 31 ᮲㸧ࡀタࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ ࢀࡣ୍⯡㈈※ヱᙜࡋ㸪ᙜ㠃㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡢ⤒ᖖṓධࡢ 0.8㸣㹙RGC 2012b㹛㸪2016 ᖺᗘࡣ ⣙ 27 ⓒࢻࣝ㸪1 㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠶ࡓࡾᖹᆒ⣙ 13 ࢻࣝࡀࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪2016 ᖺᗘࡣ♫ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࡢศᩓࣃࣟࢵࢺᴗࡢࡓࡵ⣙ 16 ⓒࢻࣝࡀ≉ᐃ㈈※ࡋ࡚ண ⟬ィୖࡉࢀࡿ➼㸪୰ኸ┬ᗇᶵ⬟ࡢᆅ᪉⛣㌿ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠⛣㌿ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ᅜ㝿ຓᶵ㛵࣭ᅜ㝿㔠⼥ᶵ㛵ࡽࡣᆅ᪉ࡢ㈨㔠⛣㌿ࡀᑡ㢠ࡍࡂ ࡿホ౯ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㹙ADB 2014a㸹2014b㹛㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᆅ᪉࠾ࡅࡿࣥࣇࣛᩚഛࢆ┠ⓗ ࡋ㸪⏦ㄳ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛ࢡࢭࢫࡍࡿ SNIF㸦Sub-National Investment Facility㸧ࡤࢀࡿ᪂ ࡋ࠸≉ᐃ㈈※タࡢ‽ഛࡀ⤒῭㈈ົ┬࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᙜ㠃ࡢᆅ᪉㛤Ⓨ㈨㔠㊊ ࢆ⿵࠺┠ⓗࡽ㸪ᅜ㝿ຓᶵ㛵ࡸᅜ㝿㔠⼥ᶵ㛵ࡽࡢ㈨㔠ᨭࡀࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࣇࣥࢻࡸ㏻ ᖖࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ⤒㈝ᨭฟࡢᙧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ṓฟࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ሗබ㛤ࡸ㏱᫂ᛶ㸪ㄝ᫂㈐௵ࡢㅖཎ๎ࡢࡶ㸪௨ୗࡢ⾲࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆࡶࡗ࡚ண⟬⦅ᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࢱ࣒࣮ࣜ࡞ᨭฟࡣ࡞࠾ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ศᶒ࣭ ศᩓᨵ㠉ࡣᆅ᪉㈈ᨻᨵ㠉ࡶ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᗈࡃᣦࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
29 IV ≉ᚩ ௨ୖ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ➨ 2 ᮇᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘ⦅ࡢᴫせࢆぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ᨵ ࡵ࡚ࡑࡢ≉ᚩࡣ࡞㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡇࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ ➨୍㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿศᶒ࣭ศᩓᨵ㠉ࡣ㸪యࡋ࡚ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ㡰ㄪศᶒࡀ㐍 ⾜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ศᶒ࣭ศᩓࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣᅜࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࢪࡢᆅ᪉ไᗘࢆᴫほࡋࡓ ᳃⏣㹙1998㸸9㸫11㹛ࡣ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡢࠕ┤㎄⾜ᨻࠖᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢࠕ⮬ࠖ࠸࠺୧ ᴟࡢ㛫௨ୗࡢ 4 㢮ᆺࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᙇࡍࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㸦1㸧ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡋ࡚ࡣᆅᇦࡢ ┈ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿጤဨ⛬ᗘࡋᏑᅾࡏࡎ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢᴗົࡢࢇࡀ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᆅ᪉ฟ ඛᶵ㛵ࡼࡗ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࡑࡢព࡛ࠕ┤㎄⾜ᨻࠖࡶࡗࡶ㏆࠸ࠕ㒊ศ⮬ᆺࠖ㸪㸦2㸧 ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢ㤳㛗ࡀ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢ⾜ᨻᐁ࡛࠶ࡿྠࡑࡢᆅᇦࡢᨻⓗ௦⾲⪅ࢆවົࡍࡿ ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺㸪୰ኸᨻᗓᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢ༊ูࡀ᭕࡞ᙧ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ୍యᆺࠖ㸪㸦3㸧 㤳㛗࣭㆟ࡶᆅᇦఫẸࡢ㑅ᣲࡼࡗ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡀ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡀᖿ㒊⫋ဨࢆὴ㐵ࡋࡓࡾ ⿵ຓ㔠➼⣽ࡃ᮲௳ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚୰ኸᨻᗓࡀᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయᑐࡋ࡚ᙉ࠸⤫ไࢆ⾜࠺ ࠕ㛫᥋⤫ไᆺࠖ㸪㸦4㸧୰ኸᨻᗓᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡀู⣔⤫ࡢᶵᵓࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ ࡞ࡃ㸪୍ᐃࡢᶒ㝈ጤㆡࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ୪❧ᆺ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㢮ᆺࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘ⦅ࢆ═ࡵ࡞࠾ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ㸪 1990 ᖺ௦ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᒙ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡶ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢ୍㒊㐣ࡂࡎ㸪ᅜ㐃➼ࡢᨭࢆ ཷࡅ࡚ᆅ᪉㛤Ⓨጤဨࢆタࡅ⮬ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚⾜ᨻࢆ⾜࠺࠸࠺ࠕ㒊ศ⮬ᆺࠖ ࡢᮇヱᙜࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪2000 ᖺ௦ࡢ๓༙㸪➨ 1 ᮇࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢᐁ㑅㤳 㛗➼㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయᑐࡍࡿ⤫ไ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡢከࡃࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲṧᏑࡉࡏ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࡛බ㑅ࡢ㤳㛗࣭㆟ࢆタ⨨ࡍࡿ࠸࠺, ࠕ୍యᆺࠖࠕ㛫᥋⤫ไ ᆺࠖࡀΰᡂࡍࡿ≧ἣ⛣⾜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪2000 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆㸪➨ 2 ᮇࡣ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ ᕷ࣭༊࠾࠸࡚㛫᥋㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌࡓබ㑅ホ㆟ဨࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿホ㆟タ⨨ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡼ ࡗ࡚㸪ࠕ୍యᆺࠖࡽ⬺༷ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾࠸࡚᪂ࡓタࡉࢀࡓホ ㆟ᑐࡍࡿ⤫ไ࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࢆᩚഛࡍࡿࡇࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚㸪ࡼࡾࠕ㛫᥋⤫ไᆺࠖࡢ᪉ྥ⛣ ⾜ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾศᶒⰍࢆᙉࡵࡓᮇ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠺ࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢࠕ㛫᥋⤫ไᆺࠖࡢ⯦ࡁࡾࡣ㸪⏕ࡀࠕࡇࢀࡲ࡛୰ኸᨻᗓࡢᆅ᪉ฟඛᶵ㛵 ࡢ㞟ྜయ㐣ࡂ࡞ࡗࡓᕞ࣭ᕷ➼ࡢྛᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡼ࠺ࡸࡃホ㆟ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࡢᆅ᪉⮬యࡀ୍ᐃ⛬ᗘ㐍ᒎࡋࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࠖࡶࡢࡢࠕ୰ኸᨻᗓࡢ 㛵ࡢ⤌ࡳࡀᩘከࡃᥐ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦୰␎㸧୰ኸ㞟ᶒⓗ࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡛࠶ࡿゝࡗ࡚Ⰻ࠸ࠖ 㹙2009㸸84㹛ほᐹࡍࡿࡼ࠺㸪ศᶒࡢ┤⥺ⓗ࡞⛣⾜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋࡃෆົ┬ࡣ㸪 ᪂ࡋࡃ࡛ࡁࡓᨻⓗ✵㛫⮬㌟ࡀධࡍࡿไᗘࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪 ෆົ┬ࡣ㸪ၥ㢟࠶ࡿホ㆟ࡢゎᩓᶒ㸦ᇶᮏἲ 24 ᮲㸧ࡸホ㆟ဨࡢ㈨᱁ዣ㛵ࡍࡿỴᐃᶒ 㸦22 ᮲㸧➼㸪㔜せ࡞ᶒ㝈ࢆ⮬┬ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊➼ࡢホ㆟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪
㤳㛗௨እࡶົ㛗➼㸪᪂ࡓᖿ㒊⫋ဨࢆᨵࡵ࡚ὴ㐵ࡍࡿ➼㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయᑐࡍࡿ⤫ไࢆ ᙉࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪┬ᗇࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࡛ࡶ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡸࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢศᶒ ࡸ┬ᗇࡢᆅ᪉ฟඛᶵ㛵ࡢศᩓࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࢆ㝖࠸࡚ࡣࢇ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪 Ỵᐃࡣ࡞࠾ఫẸࡽ㐲࠸ࡇࢁ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡲࡲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ఫẸᑐࡍࡿㄝ ᫂㈐௵ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛࠾ࡾ㸪ୖྥࡁࡢ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡀ㔜せどࡉࢀࡿ≧ἣࡀ⥆ ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Plummer, Tritt and Öjendal 2013㹛ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᩚഛࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᮇ➨ 2 ᮇࡢ㛫㉁ⓗ ࡞┦㐪ࡀ࠶ࡿࢃࡅࡔࡀ㸪➨ 1 ᮇ➨ 2 ᮇ᪉ࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚ඹ㏻ࡍࡿࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ࢝ ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡀ㛗ᮇⓗࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡿࡢ㸪㏱᫂ᛶࢆᏎࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ➨ࡢ≉ᚩ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢศᶒ ࣭ศᩓᨵ㠉ࡢୖ┠ᶆࢆࠕẸⓗ࡛ໟᦤⓗ࣭⾮ᖹ࡞㛤Ⓨ㸪ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᥦ౪ࡢࢡࢭࢫࡸ ㉁㸪⏝ࡢᨵၿ㸪㈋ᅔ๐ῶࡢ㈉⊩ࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࠖ㹙RGC 2010㸸13㹛⾲⌧ࡋ㸪10 ᖺ 㛫㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡇࡋ࡚㸪ࠕࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦ࠾࠸࡚ᕷẸࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ‶ࡓࡋ㸪㈋ᅔ๐ῶ㈨ ࡍࡿᆅᇦ㛤Ⓨබඹࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢᥦ౪ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㏱᫂ᛶ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࢆࡶ ࡗ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿẸⓗཧຍ࠸࠺ཎ๎ࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᕞ࣭ᕷ㸪㒆࣭༊㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵ ࢺࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㐠Ⴀࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆ㛤Ⓨࡍࡿࡇࠖ㹙RGC 2010㸸13㹛㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࠕᅜ ᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡀᐇ㝿ࡢࡃࡽ࠸つᶍ࡛ᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ㸪ࡑࡢᶵ⬟⛣㌿ࢆ ᨭ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㏆㞄ㅖᅜぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺ఱே࠸࠺༢ࡢつᶍ࡞ேᮦ㓄⨨ࢆక࠺ࡢ ྰ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㈈ᨻ⛣㌿ࢆࡢ⛬ᗘ㐍ࡵࡿࡢྰ㸪᫂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᗘࡣ㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡀⓎ⾜ࡋࡓሗ࿌᭩㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㸸4㹛 ࠶ࡿ࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡔึᮇẁ㝵࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢ᳃⏣ࡼࡿศᶒ࣭ศᩓ㢮ᆺ࡞ ࡒࡽ࠼࡚ゝ࠸࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ᚋ㸪ࠕ㛫᥋⤫ไᆺࠖࡲࡿࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡶࠕ୪❧ᆺࠖࢆ┠ᣦ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ㸪᫂࡞ࡲࡲ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 㛗ᮇⓗࡣὶືᛶࢆṧࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᙜ㠃㸪ᡭࡉࡄࡾⓗศᶒ࣭ศᩓࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ ≉ᚩࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞⫼ᬒࡽ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻᗘ⦅ࡣ㸪 ᅜྠᵝ㸪ᨻࡉࢀࡓ⎔ቃࡢ࡞࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ➨୕ࡢ≉ᚩ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᅜෆ࠾ࡅࡿᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ㐣⛬ࡣ㸪ࡢከࡃࡢᅜྠᵝ㸪ࠕ⮬⏤Ẹ ⩏ⓗࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢㅖᙧែࡀᆅᇦⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣṔྐⓗ࡞ᨻᩥ࣭ไᗘΰᡂࡍࡿࠖ␗✀ΰΆᛶ ≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㹙Heng, Kim and So 2011㸸3㹛ࠋලయⓗࡣ㸪ᖹࡑࡢᚋࡢᅜ㐃ᬻᐃ ⤫௨㝆㸪ᅜ㐃㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡸ ADB ࠸ࡗࡓከᅜ㛫ຓᶵ㛵㸪᪥ᮏࢆࡣࡌࡵࡍࡿᅜ㛫 ຓᶵ㛵㸪ࡉࡽࡣᅜ㝿 NGO ➼ࡼࡿ㛤Ⓨᨭࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᅜෆ♫ ࡢㅖᒙ࠾ࡅࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ໃຊ┦స⏝ࡋ㸪ᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ㐣⛬ࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ✏ࡀᢅ ࠺ศᶒ࣭ศᩓᨻ⟇ࡶ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇእ࡞࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡃຓᶵ㛵ேẸඪࡢ㛫࡛ ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┈ࡀࡏࡵࡂྜ࠺࡞ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞┈ࡢ┦స⏝ࡣ㸪 ศᶒ࣭ศᩓศ㔝࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ
31 ᇶᮏⓗࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ㸪ຓᶵ㛵࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓࡀ⤌⧊ࡍࡿබᘧ࡞ྜ㸪ࡑࢀ࠸ࡓࡿ㸪 ຓᶵ㛵ෆᢸᙜ⪅ࡸ┬ᗇὴ㐵ࡉࢀࡿࢻࣂࢨ࣮ࡓࡕ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓᖿ㒊⫋ဨࡢ㠀 බᘧ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡃ➨ 2 ᮇ㛵ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ពࢆࡶ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪ຓᶵ㛵࣭ᨻᗓ㛫࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ CG ྜ㸪ࡃ 2004 ᖺᮎ 㛤ദࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ศᶒ࣭ศᩓᨵ㠉㛵ࡍࡿඹྠࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢᣦᶆ 㸦Joint Monitoring Indicators㸧ࡀຓᶵ㛵࣭ᨻᗓ㛫࡛ྜពࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢᣦᶆ ࡶ࡙ࡁ㸪2005 ᖺ 6 ᭶ࡣᐇ㝿ࠕᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖࡀ㛶㆟Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ྠ ᖺ 11 ᭶タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓศ ᶒ࣭ศᩓ ᢏ⾡ⓗ࣮࣡ ࢟ࣥࢢࢢ ࣮ࣝࣉ㸦D&D Technical Working Groupࠋ௨ୗ㸪D&D TWG ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ D&D TWG ࠸࠺ ሙࢆ㍈ࡋ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿຓᶵ㛵࣭ᨻᗓ㛫ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡢ⟇ᐃࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ ࡚࠸ࡗࡓࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙࢆࡘ࠺ࡌࡓ┦స⏝ࡢ࡞࡛ࡣ㸪㛵ಀ⪅ࡢࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ┈ࡀㄪᩚࡉࢀ㸪ᮏ✏࡛ぢ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᵓ⠏ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࢁ ࠺ࠋ ຓᶵ㛵ࡢほⅬࡽゝ࠼ࡤ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᨵ㠉ࡣ㸪2001 ᖺࡢ GAP ⟇ᐃ௨᮶㸪 ᶓ᩿ⓗ࢚ࣜࡋ࡚ࡢྖἲᨵ㠉㸪㈈ᨻᨵ㠉㸪㸦ศᶒ࣭ᴗົศᩓࢆྵࡴ㸧⾜ᨻᨵ㠉㸪ở⫋ᑐ ⟇㸪ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࣮ࡢ 5 ࢚ࣜ㸪≉ᐃᨻ⟇࢚ࣜࡋ࡚ࡢ㌷࣭㆙ᐹᨵ㠉㸪⮬↛㈨※⟶⌮ࡢ 2 ࢚ ࣜ㸪ィ 7 ศ㔝ࢆ㍈ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆຓᶵ㛵ࡀᨭࡍࡿᙧ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡣ㸪 ᪥ࡶ㸪⌧ᨻᶒࡢᨻ᪉㔪࡛࠶ࡿࠗ➨ 3 ᮇᅄ㎶ᙧᡓ␎࠘ࡸࡑࡢᐇィ⏬࡛࠶ࡿࠗᅜᐙᡓ␎ ⓗ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ 2014㸫2018࠘ࡲ࡛ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᨵ㠉ࡣ㸪 ᗈࡃ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ྖἲᨵ㠉ࡸở⫋ᑐ⟇➼㸪ศ㔝ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ㐍ᤖࡀⴭࡋࡃ㐜ࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㹙ࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪ADB 2011㸹2014a㹛ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪⾜ᨻᨵ㠉࠸࠺ᯟ⤌ࡳࡢ࡞࡛⪃࠼࡚ ࡳࢀࡤ㸪ࡓ࠼ࡤྛ┬ࡢᶵ⬟࣐ࢵࣆࣥࢢ࣭ぢ┤ࡋࡣ㸪ࡍ࡛ 2000 ᖺ௦ึࡵ௨᮶㸪ຓᶵ 㛵ࡼࡗ࡚ᙉࡃᙇࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㹙RGC 2001㹛ࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪࡞࡞㐍ᤖࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ ࡇࡢ࡞࠸ᨵ㠉ࢪ࢙ࣥࢲ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ศᶒ࣭ศᩓ㆟ㄽࡢ࡞࡛᪂ࡓ࡞㔜 せᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚ㄒࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾ㸪᪤㏙ࡢࡼ࠺㸪ࡼ࠺ࡸࡃ᭱㏆࡞ࡗ࡚ඃඛ 5 ┬ᗇ࠾ ࠸࡚ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ⦅ࡣ㸪ࡸ㸪ຓᶵ㛵ࡗ ࡚㸪࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᨵ㠉యࢆ≌ᘬࡍࡿ㸪άⓎ࡞ືࡁࢆぢࡏࡿᩘᑡ࡞࠸ᨵ㠉ศ㔝ࡢ 1 ࡘ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ(17)ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺㸪ຓᶵ㛵ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞⨨ࢆ༨ࡵࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘ⦅ࡢືࡁࡣ㸪ேẸඪ ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡃ➨ 2 ᮇ௨㝆㸪ᆅ᪉࠾ࡅࡿᨻඪᇶ┙ࡢᙉᡭẁࡋ࡚㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢㄆ ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ(18)ࠋࡓ࠼ࡤ㸪2001 ᖺไᐃࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧ ࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ⾜ᨻ㐠Ⴀἲࡣᮧ㛗㑅ฟࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⡆᫆㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚⾜࠺ࡢ᮲ᩥ㸦30 ᮲㸧ࡀ ࠶ࡿࡶࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡣᲴୖࡆࡉࢀ㸪ேẸඪࡢᨻᶒᇶ┙ࡀᙉᅛ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓ 2004 ᖺ㸪ᙜࡢᨻᶒᨻ᪉㔪ࠗᅄ㎶ᙧᡓ␎࡛࠘ࠕ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜᨻᗓࡣ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࣞ࣋ࣝ ࠾ࡅࡿศᶒࡢཎ๎ࡢࡗࡾ㸪ྍཬⓗ㏿ࡸᮧ㛗࣭ᮧ㛗㸪ᮧࡢ㸦㛤Ⓨ㸧ጤဨጤဨ
ࡢ௵ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࠖ㹙RGC 2004㸸9㹛ࡢグ㏙ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᐇ㝿ᮧ㛗ࢆ㑅ฟࡍࡿ࠸ࡓࡗ ࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ㸪ᆅ᪉ࡢ⾜ᨻไᗘࡋ࡚ࡣṇᘧ⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ ⟇ᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫ࠾࠸࡚ᮧྜ㛤ദࡀ⩏ົ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ➼㸪ᆅᇦఫẸࡢ┈ࡢㄪᩚ࣭Ỵᐃ ࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍᮧ㛗ࡣேẸඪ⣔ࡢே≀࡛༨ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ(19)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪 ᪤㏙ࡢ࠾ࡾ㸪ᨻᗓࡣ 2000 ᖺ௨᮶㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾࠸࡚㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌࡓホ㆟ タ⨨ࡣ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢫࢱࣥࢫࢆࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪2000 ᖺ௦ࡣࡌࡵ㸪➨ 1 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿ࠸ ࡞ࡿᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࡶᕞࡸ㒆➼࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟タ⨨ゝཬࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡀ㸪2004 ᖺ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࡞ࡿ㸪✺ዴ㸪ࠕᡓ␎ᯟ⤌ࡳࠖࡢ୰࡛㸪ᕞࡸ㒆➼࡛ࡢホ㆟ゐࢀ㸪ࡋࡶࡑࡢ᪉ἲ ࢆ㛫᥋㑅ᣲࡍࡿ᪨ࡢグ㍕ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㹙RGC 2005㸸8㹛ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓᕞࡸ㒆➼࡛ ࡢホ㆟ࡣ㸪ᮧ㛗࣏ࢫࢺྠᵝ㸪ேẸඪ⣔ࡢホ㆟ဨࡼࡗ࡚༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ V ᚋ ࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ 2000 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᴫせࡑࡢ ≉ᚩ࣭⫼ᬒࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ⥲ㄽ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪⣬㠃ࡸ ᮇୖࡢ⌮⏤ࡽ㸪➨ 1 ᮇẚࡋ࡚῝ࡉᗈࡀࡾࢆ⋓ᚓࡋࡓ➨ 2 ᮇࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢヲ⣽ ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ᭩ࡁࡁࡿࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗ㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿࡁྛㄽࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪 ᚋࡢ㐍ᒎࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿᶵ⬟ࡸேဨ㸪㈨㔠ࡢᆅ᪉⛣㌿ࡢつᶍࡸែᵝ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᩍ⫱ࡸಖ࠸ ࡗࡓ♫ࢭࢡࢱ࣮ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸪ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᕞࡸ㒆࠸ ࡗࡓᒙࡲ࡛ᣑࡋࡓཧຍᆺ㛤Ⓨィ⏬⟇ᐃࡼࡿ࢝࢘ࣥࢱࣅࣜࢸࡢኚ➼㸪ᵝࠎ⪃ ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᚋࡶ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢኚࡘ࠸࡚ࡣὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲ せࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ὀ (1) ᮏ✏࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗࠕᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ᮏ ✏ᮏᩥ࡛ゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪⮬ᗘࡢⷧ࠸࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ⤌⧊ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕᆅ ᪉⮬యࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇࡣㄗゎࢆ࠼ࡡ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (2) ࡑࡢᚋ㸪2008 ᖺࡣ᠇ἲᨵṇࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ㸪㤳㒔ᶵ⬟ࡢᙉࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚㸪ᕷࡢ 1 ࡘ 㐣ࡂ࡞ࡗࡓࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥᕷࡣู᱁ᢅ࠸ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไ ᗘࡢ 3 ᒙࡣᅗ 1㸫1 ࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ (3) ⌧ᅾࡀᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘᵓ⠏ࡢ➨ 2 ᮇ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡣ➹⪅ࡢࡳࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡓ ࠼ࡤ Chheat et al.ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿ㹙2011㸸i㹛ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪Chheat et al.ࡣ࠸ࡘࡽ➨ 2 ᮇධࡗࡓࡢ࠸࠺ࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝཬࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ (4) ୍⯡㸪ศᶒࡣ㸪ศᩓ㸪ጤ௵㸦delegation㸧㸪ጤㆡ㸦devolution㸧࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢ 㢮ᆺࡀ࠶ࡿࠋศᩓࡣ㸪୰ኸᨻᗓࡢ┬ᗇࡀࡑࡢᆅ᪉ฟඛᶵ㛵ᑐࡋ࡚ᴗົᐇ ࡿ㔞ࢆ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀᑐࡋ࡚㸪ጤ௵ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᴗົᐇࡢ㈐௵ࢆ୰ ኸᨻᗓ┬ᗇṧࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయᐇࢆጤࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋศᩓࡸጤ௵࠾࠸ ࡚ࡣࡑࡢᴗົ㛵ࡍࡿ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞㈐௵ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ୰ኸᨻᗓෆṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ጤㆡࡢ ሙྜࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ᭱⤊ⓗ࡞㈐௵ࡶᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయ⛣㌿ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (5) ࡇࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒࡛ࣛࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫࡶࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࣇࣛࣥࢫ࠾ࡅࡿ ศᶒࡢὶࢀ㸦ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ 19 ୡ⣖ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥᑐࡋ࡚⮬ᶒࢆㄆࡵࡓࡶࡢ ࡢ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪㛗ᮇ㛫ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ᕞࡸ┴ࡢ⾜ᨻࡣᐁ㑅▱ࡼࡗ࡚ᇳ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇ ࢀࡀ㑅ᣲࢆࡘ࠺ࡌ࡚⤌⧊ࡉࢀࡓ㆟ࡢ㛗⛣⟶ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ᭱㏆ࡢࡇ
33 㸦1982 ᖺ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ ࡣ㸪ᐇୖ㸪ᕞ࣭㒔㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊࠾ࡅࡿ㤳㛗බ㑅ไࡸ㆟タ⨨ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠸࠸࠺ᙜ ࡢ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓࡢ᪉㔪ᑐࡋ࡚ᨭᣢ⾲᫂ࡋࡓࡇ➼ࡋ࠸ࠋ (6) ࡑࡢ㔜せᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࡣ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿ࢞ࣂࢼࣥࢫᨵ㠉ࡢᣦ㔪࡛࠶ࡿࠗ࢞ࣂࢼࣥ ࢫࢡࢩࣙࣥࣉࣛࣥ࠘㹙RGC 2001㹛㸦௨ୗ㸪GAP ⾲グࡍࡿ㸧㸪ୡ⏺㖟⾜࣭IMF ࡀ ᑟࡋ࡚⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢ㈋ᅔ๐ῶᡓ␎ᩥ᭩ࠗᅜᐙ㈋ᅔ๐ῶᡓ␎ 2003-2005 㸦NPRS㸧࠘㹙RGC 2002a㹛㸪ADB ࡀᑟࡋ࡚⟇ᐃࡉࢀࡓ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᅜᐙ㛤Ⓨ 5 ࣨᖺ ィ⏬ࠗ➨ 2 ḟ♫⤒῭㛤Ⓨィ⏬ 2001-2005㸦SEDPϩ㸧࠘㹙RGC 2002b㹛㸪ᨻᶒඪࡢ ᨻ᪉㔪ࠗᅄ㎶ᙧᡓ␎࠘㹙RGC 2004㹛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡇ࡛⥅ᢎࡀࠕᇶᮏⓗ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᩥ᭩ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠕศᩓࠖ㛵ࡍࡿグ㏙ࡀලయᛶḞࡅࡿ ࠸࠺ඹ㏻Ⅼࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᩥ᭩㛫࡛ࠕศᩓࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡢ࠸᪉ࡎࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2000 ᖺࡢࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡸ GAP ࡛ࡣࠕศᩓࠖࡣ᪂ࡓ࡛ࡁࡿࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥ ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢホ㆟ᑐࡍࡿᨭᶵ⬟ࢆෆົ┬ࡽᕞ࣭㒆⛣㌿ࡍࡿ࠸࠺ព࡛ ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢᑐࡋ㸪NPRS ࡛ࡣࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰ኸ ᨻᗓ┬ᗇࡢົࢆጤ௵ࡍࡿࡢ࠸࠺ព࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࠗᅄ㎶ᙧᡓ␎࠘ ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ୧᪉ࡢព࡛ࠕศᩓࠖࡀ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸦SEDPϩ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏᩥ࡛ࡣࠕศᩓ ࠖ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࡣ୍ᗘࡶ⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ῧࡉࢀࡓ GAP ࡢ࡞ࡢࡳࢃࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ྠ୍⏝ㄒࡢ⤫୍⏝ࡽࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᮇ࡛ࡣ࡞࠾ᑗ᮶ࡢศᶒ࣭ศ ᩓ㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡢᗈࡉ࣭῝ࡉࡀࡁࢃࡵ࡚㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀ❚࠼ࡿࠋ (7) ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞ᨭฟ㡯┠ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢάືᚲせ࡞ᘓ≀ࡸ㌴୧㸪PC ➼ࡢ㈝⏝㸦ࣁ ࣮ࢻᨭฟ㸧㸪⇞ᩱ㈝࣭ᩥᡣල➼ࡢ⤒㈝㸦ࢯࣇࢺᨭฟ㸧ࡢ㸪ຓᶵ㛵ࡀὴ㐵ࡍࡿࢻ ࣂࢨ࣮ࡢ⤥㸪ຓᶵ㛵ࡽࡢ㈨㔠ࢆ㐠Ⴀ࣭┘╩ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࢥࢫࢺ㸪᪂ࡋࡃ⛣㌿ࡉ ࢀࡓ⾜ᨻᶵ⬟ࢆᐇࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈝⏝➼ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᅜᐙࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡣ㸪┤᥋㈈ ᨻᨭࡸࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࣇࣥࢻ➼㸪ຓᶵ㛵ࡽࡢ㈨㔠ᥦ౪᪉ἲࡘ࠸࡚ࡶグ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ (8) ࡑࡢᨻ⟇ᩥ᭩ࡣ㸪5 ࣨᖺࡢᅜᐙ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࠗᅜᐙᡓ␎㛤Ⓨィ⏬ 2006-2010࠘㹙RGC 2005b㹛ࡸࠗᅜᐙᡓ␎㛤Ⓨィ⏬᭦᪂∧ 2009-2013࠘㹙RGC 2009a㹛㸪ࠗᅜᐙᡓ␎㛤Ⓨィ ⏬ 2014-2018࠘㹙RGC 2014㹛㸪ᨻᶒඪࡢᨻ᪉㔪ࠗ➨ 3 ḟᅄ㎶ᙧᡓ␎࠘㹙RGC 2013a㹛 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (9) ヲࡋࡃ࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᕞホ㆟࣭㒔ホ㆟ࡢ㆟㛗ࡣẖ᭶⣙ 250 ࢻࣝ㸪୍⯡ࡢホ㆟ဨࡣ 200 ࢻࣝ㸪㒆࣭ᕷ࣭༊ࡢホ㆟㆟㛗ࡣ 175 ࢻࣝ㸪୍⯡ࡢホ㆟ဨࡣ 125 ࢻࣝࡢ⤥ࢆཷࡅ ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪බົဨࡀホ㆟ဨ࡞ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪බົဨࡋ࡚ࡢࡽ㞳ࢀࡿࡀ㸪බົ ဨ⤥ࡢᇶᮏ⤥ࡣࡑࡢࡲࡲཷ⤥ࡋ⥆ࡅࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢせ⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ⦭〇⏘ᴗࡢ᭱ ప㈤㔠ࡀ 140 ࢻ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㹙Ministry of Labor and Vocational Training 2016㹛ࡇࢆ ⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ホ㆟ဨ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ 1 ࡘࡢࣇࣝࢱ࣒ࡢࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ
(10) ṇ☜ࡣ㸪ࡃᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࢃࡿ⮧ 11 ྡ㸪ࡑࡢ࡞࡛ࡶࡉࡽᐦ᥋ᆅ᪉ ⾜ᨻࢃࡿ┬ᗇ㸦ෆົ┬࣭⤒῭㈈ົ┬࣭ே㝔㸦State Secretariat for Civil Service㸧㸧ࡢ㛗ᐁ 3 ྡ㸪ຓㄪᩚᶵ㛵 CDC ࡢ௦⾲⪅ 1 ྡ㸪ࡇࡢᅜᐙጤဨࡢົᒁ 㛗 1 ྡࡢィ 16 ྡࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㆟㛗ࡣෆົ⮧㸪㆟㛗ࡣ⤒῭㈈ົ⮧㛶 ホ㆟ᢸᙜ⮧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(11) JICA ࡀసᡂࡋࡓሗ࿌᭩㹙2008㸪2009㹛ࡣ board of governors ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕ▱ࠖ ヂㄒࢆ࠶࡚࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀᑐࡋ㸪ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪⏕㹙2009㹛ྠᵝ㸪ࠕ⌮ࠖ࠸࠺ ⏝ㄒࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪➨୍㸪ࠕ▱ࠖヂࡍ㸪」ᩘᕞࡢ▱ ࡽࡀ㞟ࡲࡿྜࢆᐃࡉࡏࡿࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢᵓ ᡂࡣ㸪ᖹ௨๓࣭௨ᚋࡶ㸪᳜Ẹᆅᨭ㓄ࢆᫎࡋ࡚㸪ࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࡑࢀ㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪 ࡑࡢࣇࣛࣥࢫࡢࢹࣃࣝࢺ࣐ࣥࣞࢪ࢜ࣥ࠾࠸࡚㆟ࢆᨭࡍࡿᐁ⤌⧊ࡢࢺࢵࣉ ࡣ㤳㛗࣭㛗ࡽ࡞ࡿ⤌⧊ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࠕ㸦ᇳ⾜㸧⌮ࠖ࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒࢆ࠶ ࡚ࡿࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗࡔࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (12) ཧ⪃ࡲ࡛㸪Chheat et al.㹙2011㸸11㹛ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥホ㆟ဨࡢᖹᆒᏛṔࡣ
6.7 ᖺ㸪㒆ホ㆟ဨ࣭㒆⌮ࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢᖹᆒᏛṔࡣ 10 ᖺ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡞ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࣮ࣥホ㆟ဨࡢᏛṔࡣᑠ༞ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸪㒆ホ㆟ဨࡢሙྜࡣ୰༞࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ (13) ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉ົࡢබົဨࡣ⣙ 14 ே࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᩍ⫱┬ࡀ 9 3000 ே㸪ಖ┬ࡀ 1 3000 ே㸪ෆົ┬ࡀ 8600 ே㸪ࡇࡢ 3 ┬࡛యࡢ⣙ 8 ࢆ༨ࡵ ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Ministry of Interior 2008b㸸8㹛ࠋᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయ࠾࠸୍࡚⯡⾜ᨻࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿෆ ົ┬ᡤᒓࡢබົဨᩘࡣேཱྀ 1 ே࠶ࡓࡾ 5.2 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ 1 ே࠶ࡓࡾ 15.0 ே ࠸࠺᪥ᮏࡢᩘ್ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪࡞ࡾᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㹙Ministry of Interior 2008b㸸12㹛ࠋ࡞࠾㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࠾ࡅࡿබົဨᩘࡣ⣙ 18 ே࡛࠶ࡿ㹙RGC 2014㸸13㹛ࠋ (14) ࡼࡾヲ⣽ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪㒆ホ㆟ࡣ㸪ẖᖺ㸪⟶㎄ෆࡢࡍ࡚ࡢࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡢ⬟ຊホ౯ࢆ⾜ ࠸㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡶ࡙࠸࡚◊ಟࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ᚲせ࡞㈨※ࢆᥦ౪ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㒆ࡔࡅ࡛ᑐᛂࡀྍ⬟࡞ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡢࢽ࣮ࢬᑐࡋ࡚ࡣෆົ┬ࡑࡢ᪨ఏ㐩 ࡋ㸪ෆົ┬ࡀᑐᛂࡍࡿ㸧㹙RGC 2009d㸸38-39㹛ࠋ࡞࠾㸪㒔ᕷక࠺ㅖㄢ㢟ࡼࡾຠ ᯝⓗྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡶ㸪㒔ࡢሙྜࡣࡉࡽ㤳㒔ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࢆᙉࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㒔 ࠾ࡅࡿ༊࣭ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ㸪ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡣ㸪୍⯡ࡢᕞ࣭㒆࣭ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ㛵ಀ ẚ࡚㸪ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࡢୖᒙࡀୗᒙᑐࡋ࡚ࡼࡾᙉ࠸⤫ไࢆࡶࡘࡼ࠺ไᗘࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㒔࠾ࡅࡿ༊࣭ࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡣ㒔ホ㆟ࡢ㸪ᕷ࠾ࡅࡿࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡣᕷホ㆟ ࡢ┤᥋┘╩ୗ࠾ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦106 ᮲㹼➨ 113 ᮲㸧ࠋ (15) ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥࡸࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺࡢホ㆟ࡶ㸪ᆅᇦ࡛ࡢ⚾ே㛫ಀதࡢ௰ᶵ⬟ࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ከࡃࡢ ሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺෆࡢᮧ㛗ࡀࡑࡢ௵࠶ࡓࡿࡀ㸪ᅵᆅၥ㢟➼㛵ࡋ ࡚ࡣࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺホ㆟࡛ࡣゎỴࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠸ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢሙྜࡣ㒆➼ ࡀࡑࡢ௵࠶ࡓࡿ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012.㸸30㹛ࠋ
(16) ➨ 1 ᮇ࠾࠸࡚ᩚഛࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᑐࡍࡿ୰ኸᨻᗓࡽࡢ㈨㔠⛣㌿ ࡋ࡚ࡢࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᇶ㔠ࡣ㸪ᙜึ㸪1 ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠶ࡓࡾᖹ ᆒ⣙ 5000 ࢻࣝ࠸࠺ᑡ㢠࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪➨ 2 ᮇ࠾࠸࡚ࡣ┦ᙜࡢቑ㢠ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ2010 ᖺ࡛ࡣᖺ㛫⣙ 2 5000 ࢻࣝ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㸸22㹛㸪2016 ᖺ࡛ࡣయ࡛ 77 ⓒࢻࣝ㸪1 ࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠶ࡓࡾᖹᆒ⣙ 4 7000 ࢻࣝࡢ ㈨㔠ࡀὶࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ (17) ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ⦅࠶ࡓࡾ㸪◊✲⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸࡣࡢࡼ࠺ᑐᛂࡋ㸪࠸ ࡞ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼࡚ࡁࡓࡢࠋᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃࡶ᪥ᮏ௨እࡢ࢝ࣥ ࣎ࢪ◊✲⪅ࡗ࡚ࡣ㔜せ࡞ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୍ᐃάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪 ᙜึ㸪ᨻᗓࡢศᶒ࣭ศᩓᨵ㠉㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡢぢゎࡣྰᐃὴ⫯ᐃὴศࡉࢀ ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ๓⪅ࡢࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Blunt and Turner 㹙2005㹛ࡸ Smoke and Morrison 㹙2008㹛 ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡽࡣ㸪ձ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡣఏ⤫ⓗᐙ⏘ไⓗഴྥࡢᙉ࠸ᩥࡀ᭷ࡋ࡚ ࠾ࡾ㸪ศᶒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇࡣᆅᇦ࠾ࡅࡿࣃࢺ࣭ࣟࣥࢡࣛࣥࢺ㛵ಀࢆᙉࡍࡿྍ ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸪ղࣥࢻࢿࢩࡸࣇࣜࣆࣥ➼␗࡞ࡾ㸪࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡣᆅᨻᏛୖ㸪ศᶒ ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ⌮⏤ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸㸪ճᨻᶒඪࡢᶒຊᇶ┙ᙉ⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࠾ࡑࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ ࠸ࡗࡓ⌮⏤ࡽ㸪ศᩓ࣭ศᶒᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᪉㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ McAndrew 㹙2004㹛ࡸ Öjendal and Kim㹙2006㹛௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪ศᶒ࣭ศᩓࡢྲྀ⤌ ࡣᆅᇦ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮Ẹᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺➼ࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪ேࠎࢆ࢚ࣥࣃ࣓࣡ ࣥࢺࡋ㸪ୗࡽࡢࢹ࣐ࣥࢻࢆసࡾฟࡋ㸪ᨻᐙ࣭ఫẸ㛫࠾ࡅࡿዎ⣙㛵ಀᵓ⠏㈉⊩ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿᙇࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ➨ 1 ᮇᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡀ㸪➨ 2 ᮇࡶ༙ࡤ࡞ࡿ㸪➨ 1 ᮇ࠾ࡅࡿࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺ࠾ࡅࡿホ㆟ タ⨨ࡢࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ ௦⾲ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜ㝿 NGO ࡢ Pact ࡼࡿࡶࡢ㹙Center for Advanced Studies 2008㹛 㹙Economic Institute of Cambodia 2010㹛ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࢥ࣑ࣗ ࣮࣭ࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺホ㆟ࡢタ⨨ࡀఫẸࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻయᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࢆ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ᙧ࡛ኚ ࡉࡏࡓࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅾࣉࣀࣥ࣌ࣥࡢẸ㛫ࢩࣥࢡࢱࣥࢡ CDRI ࡼࡿ୍㐃ࡢ࣮࣡ ࢟ࣥࢢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࡸୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡼࡿሗ࿌᭩➼࡛ࡶᗈࡃཧ↷ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏ᇳ➹⌧ᅾ㸪 ◊✲⪅ࡼࡿศᶒ࣭ศᩓࡢホ౯ࡣ㸪James Manor ࡀ 2008 ᖺࡢㄽᩥ࡛㏙ࡓࠕࠕὀ
35
ព῝ࡃᴦほⓗ cautiously optimisticࠖࠖ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㸸18㹛࠸࠺ࡇࡤ ㇟ᚩࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺㸪ㄢ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᇶᮏⓗࡣ⫯ᐃⓗࡽ࠼ࡿ᪉ྥᩡࡋ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲⪅ࡀຓᶵ㛵ࡽࡢ㈨㔠ࢆᚓ࡚ሗ࿌᭩ࢆసᡂࡍࡿሙྜ ࡶቑ࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽሗ࿌᭩ࡀຓᶵ㛵ࡢពྥᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿ࠸࠺Ⅼ ࡣ␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ (18) ࠕྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠖࡢ⾲⌧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡢࡣ㸪➨ 1 ᮇࡽࡍ࡛ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ẽ࡙ࡁࡀᨻᶒ ඪෆ୍ᐃࡢᗈࡉࢆࡶࡗ࡚Ꮡᅾࡋࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪᨻᗓࡢศ ᶒ࣭ศᩓᨵ㠉㛵ࡍࡿ」ᩘᩥ⊩㹙Heng, Kim and So 2011㹛㹙Plummer and Tritt 2011㹛ࡀ party financing ࠸࠺⏝ㄒࢆ⏝࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺㸪ேẸඪࡣఏ⤫ⓗ 㸪ᖿ㒊ࡀಶேⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ඪࡀࡑࡢ⤌⧊ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᆅ᪉ࡢ㛤Ⓨࢽ࣮ࢬࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪ᨻ ᶒඪࡢ㈨㔠࡛㛤Ⓨᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢつᶍࡣ┦ᙜࡢࡶࡢࡢࡰࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ➨ 1 ᮇタࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣑࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢧࣥ࢝ࢵࢺᇶ㔠ࡼࡗ࡚ᆅ᪉࡛ᐇࡉࢀࡿ㛤Ⓨ ᴗࡣࡇࡢඪࡼࡿᴗ㸦ࡢ୍㒊㸧ࢆ௦᭰ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓゝ࠺ࡇࡶ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ (19) ࢥ࣑࣮࡛ࣗࣥࡢỴᐃ㐣⛬ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿㅖࢡࢱ࣮㸦ホ㆟ဨࡸࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥෆጤဨ㸪ࢥ࣑
࣮࣭ࣗࣥࢡ࣮ࣛࢡ➼㸧ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓୡ⏺㖟⾜ࡢሗ࿌᭩㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㹛 ࡼࡿ㸪2006 ᖺ⾜ࢃࢀࡓᮧ㛗㑅ฟࡣ㸪ࢇࡢࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᨻᶒ ඪ⣔ࡢ๓ᮧ㛗ࡀ㑅ฟࡉࢀࡿᙧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪㔝ඪഃホ㆟ဨࡀከᩘὴࢆ༨ࡵࡿ ࢥ࣑࣮ࣗࣥ࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠࡌ࡛㸪㔝ඪഃࡀ⮬ᕫつไࡋࡓࡾ㸪ඪഃࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᾋື⚊ࢆྲྀ ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࡾࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㹙Plummer and Tritt 2012㸸27㹛ࠋ
ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦᪥ᮏㄒ㸧 ᕝ༤㸬2015㸬ࠕࢪྛᅜ࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉ศᶒᨵ㠉̿ࡑࡢᡂᯝ≉ᚩࢆ୰ᚰࠖࠗබႠᴗ࠘ 46(12)㸸2-13㸬 ⏕⿱㸬2009㸬ࠕᾏእ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜࡢ᪂ࡓ࡞ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻไᗘࡘ࠸࡚ࠖࠗබႠ ᴗ࠘41(8)㸸83-89㸬 ᒸᓥඞᶞ㸬2005㸬ࠕ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻࢩࢫࢸ࣒̿ࡑࡢኚ㑄⌧ἣࠖࠗ㇂ዪᏊᏛ⣖せ࠘ 39㸸81-105㸬 ⮬యᅜ㝿༠㸬2004㸬ࠕ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜࠖࠗASEAN ㅖᅜࡢᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ࠘27-49㸬⮬య ᅜ㝿༠㸬 JICA㸬2007㸬ࠗࣇࣜ࢝࠾ࡅࡿᆅ᪉ศᶒࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ࣭ࢹࣜࣂ࣮ࣜ̿ᆅᇦఫẸᒆࡃ⾜ ᨻࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢࡓࡵ̿࠘ᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ㸦ᅜ㝿༠ຊ⥲ྜ◊ಟᡤ㸧㸬 ̿㸬2008㸬ࠗ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜ ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ⬟ຊྥୖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ୰㛫ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗሗ࿌᭩࠘ ᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ㸦࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪົᡤ㸧㸬 ̿㸬2009㸬ࠗ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ⋤ᅜ ᆅ᪉⾜ᨻ⬟ຊྥୖࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ ⤊ホ౯ㄪᰝᅋሗ ࿌᭩࠘ᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓ㸦࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪົᡤ㸧㸬 㧗⏣ᐶᩥ㸬2014㸬ࠕࢪㅖᅜࡢᆅ᪉⮬ᆅ᪉ศᶒ⏬̿ఱࡀᆅ᪉ศᶒ࣭ᆅ᪉⮬ࡢጼ ࢆసࡿࡢ̿ࠖࠗබႠᴗ࠘46(1)㸸2-14㸬 ᳃⏣ᮁ⦅㸬1998㸬ࠗࢪࡢᆅ᪉ไᗘ࠘ᮾிᏛฟ∧㸬
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