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IMPULSIVE FUNCTIONAL-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH NONLOCAL CONDITIONS
HAYDAR AKÇA, ABDELKADER BOUCHERIF, and VALÉRY COVACHEV Received 22 April 2001 and in revised form 7 August 2001
The existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of a mild solution of an impulsive functional-differential evolution nonlocal Cauchy problem in general Banach spaces are studied. Methods of fixed point theorems, of aC0semigroup of operators and the Banach contraction theorem are applied.
2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 34A37, 34G20, 34K30, 34K99.
1. Introduction. In this paper, we study the existence, uniqueness, and continuous dependence of a mild solution of a nonlocal Cauchy problem for impulsive functional- differential evolution equation. Such problems arise in some physical applications as a natural generalization of the classical initial value problems. The results for semilinear functional-differential evolution nonlocal problem [2] are extended for the case of impulse effect. We consider the nonlocal Cauchy problem in the form
˙
u(t)=Au(t)+f t, ut
, t∈(0, a], t≠τk, u
τk+0
=Qku τk
≡u τk
+Iku τk
, k=1,2, . . . , κ, u(t)+
g
ut1, . . . , utp
(t)=φ(t), t∈[−r ,0],
(1.1)
where 0< t1<···< tp≤a,p∈N,AandIk(k=1,2, . . . , κ)are linear operators acting in a Banach spaceE;f,g, andφare given functions satisfying some assumptions, ut(s):=u(t+s)fort∈[0, a],s∈[−r ,0],Iku(τk)=u(τk+0)−u(τk−0)and the impulsive momentsτkare such that 0< τ1< τ2<···< τk<···< τκ< a, κ∈N.
Theorems about the existence, uniqueness, and stability of solutions of differen- tial and functional-differential abstract evolution Cauchy problems were studied in [1, 2, 3]. The results presented in this paper are a generalization and a continua- tion of some results reported in [1,2,3]. We consider classical impulsive functional- differential equation in the case of nonlocal condition, reduced to the classical initial functional value problem.
As usual, in the theory of impulsive differential equations [4, 5] at the points of discontinuityτiof the solutiontu(t)we assume thatu(τi)≡u(τi−0). It is clear that, in general, the derivatives ˙u(τi)do not exist. On the other hand, according to the first equality of (1.1) there exist the limits ˙u(τi∓0). According to the above convention, we assume ˙u(τi)≡u(τ˙ i−0).
Throughout, we assume thatEis a Banach space with norm·, Ais the infinites- imal generator of aC0semigroup{T (t)}t≥0onE, D(A)is the domain ofA, and
M:= sup
t∈[0,a]
T (t)BL(E, E)
. (1.2)
Letf:[0, a]×C([−r ,0], E)→E. Introduce the following assumptions:
(H1) for everyw∈C([−r , a], E)andt∈[0, a], f (·, wt)∈C([0, a], E);
(H2) there exists a constantL >0 such that f
t, wt
−f t,w˜t
E
≤L1w−w˜C([−r ,t], E) forw,w˜∈C
[−r , a], E
, t∈[0, a], IkvE≤L2vE forv∈E, k=1,2, . . . , κ,
L=max L1, L2
.
(1.3)
Letg:[C([−r ,0], E)]p→C([−r ,0], E). Then we have the following assumptions:
(H3) there exists a constantK >0 such that g
wt1, . . . , wtp (t)−
g
w˜t1, . . . ,w˜tp
(t)≤Kw−w˜C([
−r ,a], E) (1.4) forw,w˜∈C([−r , a], E),t∈[−r ,0];
(H4) assume thatφ∈C([−r ,0], E).
A functionu∈C([−r , a], E)satisfying the following conditions:
u(t)=T (t)φ(0)−T (t) g
ut1, . . . , utp (0)
+ t
0T (t−s)f s, us
ds+
0<τk<t
T t−τk
Iku τk
, t∈[0, a], u(t)+
g
ut1, . . . , utp
(t)=φ(t), t∈[−r ,0),
(1.5)
is said to be a mild solution of the nonlocal Cauchy problem (1.1).
2. Existence and uniqueness of a mild solution
Theorem2.1. Suppose that assumptions (H1)–(H4) are satisfied and M
K+L(a+1) <1. (2.1)
Then the impulsive nonlocal Cauchy problem (1.1) has a unique mild solution.
Proof. The mild solution of the impulsive system (1.1) with nonlocal condition can be written in the form
u(t;φ)=(F u)(t), (2.2)
where
(F w)(t):=
φ(t)−
g
wt1, . . . , wtp
(t), t∈[−r ,0), T (t)φ(0)−T (t)
g
wt1, . . . , wtp
(0) +
t
0T (t−s)f s, ws
ds+
0<τk<t
T t−τk
Ikw τk
, t∈[0, a], (2.3)
such thatw∈C([−r , a], E)andF:C([−r , a], E)→C([−r , a], E). Now, we show that F is a contraction mapping onC([−r , a], E). Therefore,
(F w)(t)− Fw˜
(t):=
g
˜
wt1, . . . ,w˜tp
(t)− g
wt1, . . . , wtp
(t) forw,w˜∈C
[−r , a], E
, t∈[−r ,0), T (t)
g
˜
wt1, . . . ,w˜tp
(0)− g
wt1, . . . , wtp
(0) +
t 0
T (t−s) f
s, ws
−f
s,w˜s ds +
0<τk<t
T t−τk
Ikw τk
−Ikw˜ τk
forw,w˜∈C
[−r , a], E
, t∈[0, a].
(2.4)
From (2.4), we have (F w)(t)−
Fw˜
(t)≤T (t)·g
˜
wt1, . . . ,w˜tp (0)−
g
wt1, . . . , wtp (0) +
t 0
T (t−s)·f s, ws
−f
s,w˜sds +
0<τk<t
T
t−τk·Ikw τk
−Ikw˜
τk (2.5)
forw,w˜ ∈C([−r , a], E), t∈[0, a]. Because of (2.5), in view of (1.2), and applying assumptions (H1)–(H4) we obtain
(F w)(t)− Fw˜
(t)≤MKw−w˜C([−r ,a], E)
+ML1
t 0
w−w˜C([
−r ,a], E)ds+ML2w τk
−w˜ τkE
≤
MK+MaL1+ML2w−w˜C([−r ,a], E)
≤M
K+L(a+1) ·w−w˜C([
−r ,a], E)
(2.6)
forw,w˜∈C([−r , a], E), t∈[0, a], which implies that
F w−Fw˜C([−r ,a], E)≤βw−w˜C([−r ,a], E), w,w˜∈C
[−r , a], E
, (2.7) whereβ:=M[K+L(a+1)]. The operatorFsatisfies all the assumptions of the Banach contraction theorem, and therefore, in the spaceC([−r , a], E)there is only one fixed point ofFand this is the mild solution of the nonlocal Cauchy problem with impulse effect. This completes the proof of the theorem.
3. Continuous dependence of a mild solution
Theorem3.1. Suppose that the functionsf,g, andIk(u),k=1,2, . . . , κ, satisfy the assumptions (H1)–(H4) andM[K+L(a+1)] <1. Then, for eachφ1, φ2∈C([−r , a], E), and for the corresponding mild solutionsu1,u2of the problems,
˙
u(t)=Au(t)+f t, ut
, t∈(0, a], t≠τk, u
τk+0
=Qku τk
≡u τk
+Iku τk
, k=1,2, . . . , κ, u(t)+
g
ut1, . . . , utp
(t)=φi(t) (i=1,2), t∈[−r ,0],
(3.1)
the following inequality holds:
u1−u2C([−r ,a], E)≤MeaML(1+ML)κφ1−φ2C([−r ,0], E)+Ku1−u2C([−r ,a], E)
. (3.2) Additionally, if
K <e−aML(1+ML)−κ
M , (3.3)
then
u1−u2C([
−r ,a], E)≤ MeaML(1+ML)κ
1−KMeaML(1+ML)κφ1−φ2C([
−r ,0], E). (3.4) Proof. Assume thatφi∈C([−r ,0], E) (i=1,2)are arbitrary functions and letui
(i=1,2)be the mild solutions of problem (3.1). Then u1(t)−u2(t)=T (t)
φ1(0)−φ2(0)
−T (t) g
u1
t1, . . . , u1
tp (0)− g
u2
t1, . . . , u2
tp (0) +
t 0
T (t−s) f
s, u1
s
−f s,
u2
s ds
+
0<τk<t
T t−τk
Iku1 τk
−Iku2 τk
(3.5)
fort∈[0, a]and
u1(t)−u2(t)=φ1(t)−φ2(t)− g
u2
t1, . . . , u2
tp (t)− g
u1
t1, . . . , u1
tp (t) (3.6) fort∈[−r ,0). From (3.5), (1.2), and using (H2) we get
u1(ξ)−u2(ξ)≤Mφ1−φ2C([−r ,0], E)+MKu1−u2C([−r ,a], E)
+ML1
ξ 0
u1−u2C([
−r ,s], E)ds+ML2
0<τk<ξ
u1 τk
−u2 τkE
≤Mφ1−φ2C([−r ,0], E)+MKu1−u2C([−r ,a], E)
+ML1
t 0
u1−u2C([−r ,s], E)ds+ML2
0<τk<t
u1
τk
−u2
τk
E
(3.7)
for 0≤ξ≤t≤a. With this result, by virtue of (H3) it follows that sup
ξ∈[0,t]
u1(ξ)−u2(ξ)
≤Mφ1−φ2C([−r ,0], E)+MKu1−u2C([−r ,a], E)
+ML1
t 0
u1−u2C([−r ,s], E)ds+ML2
0<τk<t
u1
τk
−u2
τk
E
(3.8)
fort∈[0, a]. At the same time, by (3.6) and (H3) we have u1(t)−u2(t)≤Mφ1−φ2C([
−r ,0], E)+MKu1−u2C([
−r ,a], E) (3.9) fort∈[−r ,0). Formulas (3.8) and (3.9) imply that
u1(t)−u2(t)≤Mφ1−φ2C([
−r ,0], E)+MKu1−u2C([
−r ,a], E)
+ML t
0
u1−u2C([−r ,s], E)ds+
0<τk<t
u1
τk
−u2
τkE . (3.10)
Applying Gronwall’s inequality for discontinuous functions (see [5]), from (3.10) it follows that
u1(t)−u2(t)C([
−r ,a], E)≤
Mφ1−φ2C([
−r ,0], E)
+MKu1−u2C([−r ,a], E)
eaML(1+ML)κ
(3.11)
and therefore, (3.2) holds. Inequality (3.4) is a consequence of (3.2). This completes the proof of the theorem.
Remark3.2. IfK=κ=0, then (3.2) is reduced to the classical inequality
u1(t)−u2(t)C([−r ,a], E)≤MeaMLφ1−φ2C([−r ,0], E), (3.12) which is characteristic for the continuous dependence of the semilinear functional- differential evolution Cauchy problem with the classical initial condition.
Acknowledgement. The authors would like to thank King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Department of Mathematical Sciences for providing excellent research facilities. The present research was accomplished during the stay of the third author at Fatih University, Istanbul, Turkey.
References
[1] H. Akça and V. Covachev,Periodic solutions of impulsive systems with delay, Funct. Differ.
Equ.5(1998), no. 3-4, 275–286.
[2] L. Byszewski and H. Akça,On a mild solution of a semilinear functional-differential evolu- tion nonlocal problem, J. Appl. Math. Stochastic Anal.10(1997), no. 3, 265–271.
[3] ,Existence of solutions of a semilinear functional-differential evolution nonlocal prob- lem, Nonlinear Anal.34(1998), no. 1, 65–72.
[4] V. Lakshmikantham, D. D. Ba˘ınov, and P. S. Simeonov,Theory of Impulsive Differential Equations, Modern Applied Mathematics, vol. 6, World Scientific Publishing, New Jersey, 1989.
[5] A. M. Samo˘ılenko and N. A. Perestyuk,Impulsive Differential Equations, World Scientific Series on Nonlinear Science. Series A: Monographs and Treatises, vol. 14, World Scientific Publishing, New Jersey, 1995.
Haydar Akça: Department of Mathematical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran31261, Saudi Arabia
E-mail address:[email protected]
Abdelkader Boucherif: Department of Mathematical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran31261, Saudi Arabia
E-mail address:[email protected]
Valéry Covachev: Institute of Mathematics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
E-mail address:[email protected]
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