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A NEW EXTENSION OF HILBERT’S INEQUALITY FOR MULTIFUNCTIONS WITH BEST CONSTANT FACTORS
H. A. AGWO
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to establish a new extension of Hilbert’s inequality and Hardy- Hilbert’s inequality for multifunctions with best constant factors. Also, we present some applications for Hilbert’s inequality which give new integral inequalities.
1. Introduction
Hilbert’s inequality has a great interest in analysis and its applications (see [10], [11]). The original Hilbert’s inequality can be stated as follows
Iff(x), g(x)≥0, such that 0<R∞
0 f2(x)dx <∞and 0<R∞
0 g2(x)dx <∞, then (see [6])
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
f(x)g(y)
x+y dxdy < π
∞
Z
0
f2(x)dx
∞
Z
0
g2(x)dx
1 2
, (1)
where the constant factorπis the best possible. This inequality was extended by Hardy-Riesz as (see [5]):
Received May 25, 2008.
2000Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 26D15, 49C99.
Key words and phrases. Hilbert’s inequality; integral inequalities.
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Ifp >1, 1p +1q = 1, f(x),g(x)≥0, such that 0<R∞
0 fp(x)dx <∞and 0<R∞
0 gq(x)dx <∞, then
Z ∞ 0
Z ∞ 0
f(x)g(y)
x+y dxdy < π sin(πp)
Z ∞ 0
fp(x)dx
1pZ ∞ 0
gq(x)dx 1q
, (2)
where the constant factor sin(ππ
p) is the best possible.
Hardy-Hilbert’s integral inequality is important in analysis and its applications (see[10], [11]).
In recent years, the various improvements and extensions on the inequality (1) and (2) appeared in some papers (such as [1]–[4], [7], [9], [12]–[14]) and bibliography therein. They focalize on changing the denominator of the function of the left-hand side of (2). Such as the denominator (x+y) is replaced by (Ax+By)λ in paper [13], the denominator (x+y) is replaced by (xt+yt) (tis a parameter which is independent ofxandy) in paper [7]. Generally, the denominator (x+y) is replaced by (xu(x) +yv(y))λin paper [9].
The main objective of this paper is to build some new Hilbert-type integral inequalities with best constant factors which are extensions of above results for multi-functionsf, gandh. Moreover the denominator is (m(x) +n(y) +r(z)), wherem, nandrare arbitrary functions.
2. Main results
We need the formula of theβ function as (see [8]):
β(u, v) =
∞
Z
0
tu−1
(1 +t)u+vdt=β(v, u) u, v >0.
(3)
Before stating our results we need the following lemmas.
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Lemma 2.1. Let f(x, y, z)∈Lp[0,∞]×[0,∞]×[0,∞] andg(x, y, z)∈Lq[0,∞]×[0,∞]×[0,∞], where 1p+1q = 1. Then
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x, y, z)g(x, y, z)|dxdydz
≤
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x, y, z)|pdxdydz
1 p
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|g(x, y, z)|qdxdydz
1 q
. (4)
Lemma 2.2. Letf(x, y, z)∈Lp[0,∞]×[0,∞]×[0,∞],g(x, y, z)∈Lq[0,∞]×[0,∞]×[0,∞] and h(x, y, z)∈ Lk[0,∞]×[0,∞]×[0,∞] where 1
p+1 q +1
k = 1. Then
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x, y, z)g(x, y, z)h(x, y, z)|dxdydz
≤
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x, y, z)|pdxdydz
1 p
×
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|g(x, y, z)|qdxdydz
1 q
×
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|h(x, y, z)|rdxdydz
1 k
. (5)
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Lemma 2.3. Ifp1>1, 1 p1 + 1
q1 = 1,p >1, 1 p+1
q +1
k = 1then for0< ε < 1
qk, we have
∞
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv=β 1
p1qk, 1 q1qk
+ 0(1) ε→0+. (6)
Proof. Since
∞
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv−β 1
p1qk, 1 q1qk
=
∞
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1−vp11qk−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv
≤
1
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1−vp11qk−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv+
∞
Z
1
vp11qk−pε1−1−vp11qk−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv
≤
1
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1−vp11qk−1 dv+
∞
Z
1
vp11qk−1−vp11qk−pε1−1 vqk1 dv
= 1
1 p1qk− ε
p1
− 1
1 p1qk
+ −1 1 q1qk
+ 1
1 q1qk− ε
q1
→0 for ε→0.
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Lemma 2.4. Ifp1>1, 1 p1 + 1
q1 = 1,p >1, 1 p+1
q +1
k = 1and0< ε < 1
qk, setting
J1:=
∞
Z
1
∞
Z
1
n(y) m(x) +n(y)
qk1
(m(x))p11qk−pε1−1
×(n(y))−p11qk−qε1−1dm(x) dx
dn(y) dy dxdy, then we have
1 ε
β
1 p1qk, 1
q1qk
+o(1)
−O(1)
≤J1≤ 1 ε
β
1 p1qk, 1
q1qk
+o(1)
, ε→0+. (7)
Proof. For fixedy,settingm(x) =n(y)v,then by (6), we obtain J1 =
∞
Z
1
(n(y))−p11qk−qε1−1dn(y) dy
×
∞
Z
1
n(y) m(x) +n(y)
qk1
(m(x))p11qk−pε1−1dm(x) dx dx
dy
=
∞
Z
1
(n(y))−ε−1dn(y) dy
∞
Z
1 n(y)
vp11qk−pε1−1 (1 +v)qk1 dv
dy
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=
∞
Z
1
(n(y))−ε−1dn(y) dy
∞
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv
dy
−
∞
Z
1
(n(y))−ε−1dn(y) dy
1 n(y)
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1 (1 +v)qk1
dv
dy
≥ 1 ε
β
1 p1qk, 1
q1qk
+ 0(1)
−
∞
Z
1
(n(y))−ε−1dn(y) dy
1
Z
0
vp11qk−pε1−1dv
dy
= 1
ε
β 1
p1qk, 1 q1qk
+ 0(1)
−1 ε
1 1
p1qk− ε p1
= 1
ε
β 1
p1qk, 1 q1qk
+o(1)
−O(1).
By the same way, we have J1 ≤
∞
Z
1
∞
Z
0
n(y) m(x) +n(y)
qk1
(m(x))p11qk−pε1−1
×(n(y))−p11qk−qε1−1dm(x) dx
dn(y) dy dxdy,
= 1
ε
β 1
p1qk, 1 q1qk
+o(1)
.
The lemma is proved.
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Theorem 2.5. Assume thatm,n,rare increasing functions defined on[0,∞[such thatm(0) = n(0) =r(0) = 0, lim
x→∞m(x) = lim
x→∞n(x) = lim
x→∞r(x) =∞, andf,g,hsatisfy
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
q1
p1(1+pq1) dm(x)
dx
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|f(x)|kq21 dx <∞ (8)
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
p1
q1−qk1 dm(x) dx
−pq1
1 |f(x)|pp21 dx <∞, (9)
∞
Z
0
(n(y))pq11(1+qk1)
dn(y) dy
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|g(y)|
pq1
2 dy <∞, (10)
∞
Z
0
(n(y))
p1
q1−pk1 dn(y) dy
−pq11
|g(y)|qp21dy <∞, (11)
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
q1
p1(1+pk1)dr(z) dz
−q1(kp+p1
1)
|h(z)|qq21 dz <∞, (12)
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
p1 q1−pk1
dr(z) dz
−pq1
1 |h(z)|kp21 dz <∞, (13)
where 1 p+1
q +1
k = 1, 1 p1
+ 1 q1
= 1, then
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∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)g(y)h(z)|
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)dxdydz≤ π sinqkπ β
1 q1qk, 1
p1qk !1p
×
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
p1
q1−qk1 dm(x) dx
−p1 q1
|f(x)|pp21 dx
1 pp1
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))qp11(1+qk1)
dn(y) dy
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|g(y)|
pq1 2 dy
1 pq1
× π
sinpkπ β 1
q1pk, 1 p1pk
!1q
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))pq11−pk1
dn(y) dy
−pq1
1 |g(y)|qp21 dy
1 qp1
×
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
q1
p1(1+pk1)dr(z) dz
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|h(z)|qq21 dz
1 qq1
× π
sinpqπ β 1
q1pq, 1 p1pq
!1k
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
p1 q1−pk1
dr(z) dz
−pq1
1 |h(z)|kp21 dz
1 kp1
×
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
q1
p1(1+pq1) dm(x)
dx
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|f(x)|kq21 dx
1 kq1
, (14)
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where the constant factors π
sinqkπ β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
, π
sinpkπ β 1
q1pk, 1 p1pk
, π
sinpqπ β 1
q1pq, 1 p1pq
are best possible.
Proof. Since I=
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)g(y)h(z)|
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)dxdydz
=
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)|12 |g(y)|12 (m(x) +n(y) +r(z))1p
m(x) +n(y) r(z)
pqk1 n(y) m(x) +n(y)
pqk1 dr(z) dz
1pdn(y) dy
−1k
× |g(y)|12 |h(z)|12 (m(x) +n(y) +r(z))1q
n(y) +r(z) m(x)
pqk1 r(z) n(y) +r(z)
pqk1 dm(x) dx
1qdr(z) dz
−1p
× |f(x)|12 |h(z)|12 (m(x) +n(y) +r(z))1k
r(z) +m(x) n(y)
pqk1 m(x) r(z) +m(x)
pqk1
×
dn(y) dy
1kdm(x) dx
−1q
dxdydz.
(15)
Applying H¨older’s inequality on (15) we get I≤I
1 p
1I
1 q
2I
1 k
(16) 3
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where
I1=
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)|p2 |g(y)|p2 m(x) +n(y) +r(z)
m(x) +n(y) r(z)
qk1 n(y) m(x) +n(y)
qk1
×dr(z) dz
dn(y) dy
−pk
dxdydz, (17)
I2=
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|g(y)|q2 |h(z)|q2 m(x) +n(y) +r(z)
n(y) +r(z) m(x)
pk1 r(z) n(y) +r(z)
pk1
×dm(x) dx
dr(z) dz
−qp
dxdydz, (18)
I3=
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)|k2 |h(z)|k2 m(x) +n(y) +r(z)
r(z) +m(x) n(y)
pq1
m(x) r(z) +m(x)
pq1
×dn(y) dy
dm(x) dx
−kq
dxdydz.
(19)
Consider the weight coefficient w1(x, y) =
Z ∞ 0
1
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)
m(x) +n(y) r(z)
qk1 dr(z) dz dz.
(20)
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Letv= r(z)
m(x) +n(y) in (20) then we obtain
w1(x, y) = π sin π
qk . (21)
Similarly,
w2(y, z) =
∞
Z
0
1
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)
n(y) +r(z) m(x)
pk1
dx= π sin π
pk (22)
and
w3(z, x) =
∞
Z
0
1
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)
r(z) +m(x) n(y)
pq1
dx= π sin π
pq . (23)
Combining (21), (22), (23) and (16) we get
I≤
π sinqkπ
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
n(y) m(x) +n(y)
qk1
|f(x)|p2 |g(y)|p2
dn(y) dy
−pk dxdy
1 p
×
π sinpkπ
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
r(z) n(y) +r(z)
pk1
|g(y)|q2 |h(z)|q2
dr(z) dz
−qp dxdy
1 q
×
π sinpqπ
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
m(x) r(z) +m(x)
pq1
|f(x)|k2 |h(z)|k2
dm(x) dx
−kq dxdy
1 k
. (24)
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Applying H¨older’s inequality with p1 > 1,p1
1 +q1
1 = 1 on the first integral on the right side in (24),we have
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
n(y) m(x) +n(y)
qk1
|f(x)|p2|g(y)|p2
dn(y) dy
−pk dxdy
=
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)|p2 n(y)
m(x)
p 1
1q1qk−p1
1 m(x)q11−p11 (m(x) +n(y))p11qk
dn(y) dy
p1
1
dm(x) dx
−1q
1
×|g(y)|p2 (n(y))qk1+p11−q11 (m(x) +n(y))q11qk
m(x) n(y)
p1q11qk−q1
1 dn(y) dy
−pk−p1
1 dm(x) dx
q11 dydx
≤
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)|pp21 (m(x) +n(y))qk1
n(y) m(x)
q11qk−1
(m(x))
p1
q1−1dm(x) dx
−pq11 dn(y) dy dydx
1 p1
×
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|g(y)|pq21 (n(y))
q1 qk+qp1
1−1
(m(x) +n(y))qk1
m(x) n(y)
p1
1qk−1 dn(y)
dy
−q1(pk+p1
1)
dm(x) dx dydx
1 q1
. (25)
Let
w4(x) =
∞
Z
0
1
1 + n(y) m(x)
qk1
n(y) m(x)
q11qk−1
dn(y) dy dy (26)
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Puttingv1= n(y)
m(x) in (26) we have w4(x) =m(x)β
1 q1qk, 1
qk − 1 q1qk
=m(x)β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
. (27)
Similarly
w5(y) =
∞
Z
0
1
1 +m(x) n(y)
qk1
m(x) n(y)
p11qk−1
dm(x) dx dx
=n(y)β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
. (28)
From (27), (28) and (25) we get
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
n(y) m(x) +y
qk1
|f(x)|p2 |g(y)|p2
dn(y) dy
−pk dxdy
≤β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
∞
Z
0
(m(x)
p1 q1−qk1
dm(x) dx
−pq1
1 |f(x)|pp21 dx
1 p1
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))
q1
p1(1+qk1)dn(y) dy
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|g(y)|pq21 dy
1 q1
. (29)
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For the second and third integrals on the right side of (24), following the same steps used for obtaining (29), we obtain
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
r(z) n(y) +r(z)
pk1
|g(y)|q2 |h(z)|q2
dr(z) dz
−qp dydz
≤β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
∞
Z
0
(n(y))
p1
q1−pk1 dn(y) dy
−p1 q1
|g(y)|qp21 dy
1 p1
×
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
q1
p1(1+pk1)dr(z) dz
−q1(kp+p1
1)
|h(z)|qq21 dz
1 q1
, (30)
and
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
m(x) r(z) +m(x)
pq1
|h(z)|k2 |f(x)|k2
dm(x) dx
−kq dzdx
≤β 1
q1pq, 1 p1pq
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
p1 q1−pk1
dr(z) dz
−pq1
1 |h(z)|kp21 dz
1 p1
×
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
q1
p1(1+pq1)dm(x) dx
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|f(x)|kq21 dx
1 q1
. (31)
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Let
γ1=β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
, γ2=β 1
q1qk, 1 p1qk
, γ3=β 1
q1pq, 1 p1pq
.
To prove the constant factorsγ1, γ2 andγ3 are best possible. Assume that the constant factor γ1 is not the best possible, then there exists a positive constantλ1 with λ1 < γ1, such that (29) is still valid if we replaceγ1 byλ1. Without loss of generality, we assume thatm(1) =n(1) = 1.
For 0< ε <1,settingfεandgε asfε(x) =gε(x) = 0,forx∈(0,1), and forx∈[1,∞)
|fε(x)|= (m(x))
2 pp1
“−pq1
1+qk1−ε−1” dm(x)
dx pp2
1
“p
q11+1”
|gε(x)|= (n(x))pq21
“−qp1
1(1+qk1)−ε−1”dn(x) dx
pq21
“ q1“p
k+p1
1
” +1”
,
then we obtain λ1
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
p1
q1−qk1 dm(x) dx
−pq1
1 |f(x)|pp21dxp11
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))
q1
p1(1+qk1) dn(y)
dy
−q1(pk+p1
1)
|g(y)|pq21 dyq11
=λ1
∞
Z
1
(m(x))−ε−1dm(x) dx dx
1 p1
∞
Z
1
(n(y))−ε−1dn(y) dy dy
1 q1
= λ1
ε .
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But we have
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
n(y) m(x) +y
qk1
|f(x)|p2 |g(y)|p2
dn(y) dy
−pk dxdy
=
∞
Z
1
∞
Z
1
n(y) m(x) +y
qk1
(m(x))p11qk−pε1−1(n(y))−p11qk−qε1−1 dm(x)
dx
dn(y) dy
dxdy=J1
≥1
ε(γ1+o(1))−O(1).
Hence we find
1
ε(γ1+o(1))−O(1)< λ1
(32) ε or
γ1+o(1)−εO(1)< λ1. (33)
Forε→0+, it follows that γ1≤λ1. This contradicts the fact thatλ1< γ1. Hence the constant factorγ1 in (29) is the best possible. Similarlyγ2 andγ3are the best possible. Substituting from
(29), (30), (31) in (24), the result of the theorem follows.
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Remark 1. Puttingp=q=k=13 in (14), we get a new inequality in the form
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)g(y)h(z)|
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)dxdydz
≤ π
sinπ9β 1
9q1, 1 9p1
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
p1
q1−19dm(x) dx
−p1 q1
|f(x)|3p21dx
1 3p1
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))
10q1 9p1
dn(y) dy
−q1(1+p1
1)
|g(y)|3q21 dy
1 3q1
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))
p1
q1−19dn(y) dy
−p1 q1
|g(y)|3p21 dy
1 3p1
×
∞
Z
0
(r(z))10q9p11
dr(z) dz
−q1(1+p1
1)
|h(z)|
3q1 2 dz
1 3q1
×
∞
Z
0
(r(z))
p1 q1−19
dr(z) dz
−pq1
1|h(z)|kp21 dz
1 3p1
×
∞
Z
0
(m(x))
10q1 9p1
dm(x) dx
−q1(1+p1
1)
|f(x)|3q21 dx
1 3q1
. (34)
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Remark 2. Puttingp1=q1= 2 in (14) we obtain
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)g(y)h(z)|
m(x) +n(y) +r(z)dxdydz
≤ π
sinqkπ β 1
2qk, 1 2qk
!p1
∞
Z
0
(m(x))1−qk1
dm(x) dx
−1
|f(x)|qdx
1 2p
×
∞
Z
0
(n(y))(1+qk1)
dn(y) dy
−2(pk+12)
|g(y)|pdy
1 2p
× π
sinpkπ β 1
2pk, 1 2pk
!1q
∞
Z
0
(n(y))1−pk1
dn(y) dy
−pq1
1 |g(y)|pdy
1 2q
×
∞
Z
0
(r(z))(1+pk1)
dr(z) dz
−2(pk+12)
|h(z)|qdz
1 2q
(35)
× π
sinpqπ β 1
2pq, 1 2pq
!k1
∞
Z
0
(r(z))1−pk1
dr(z) dz
−1
|h(z)|kdz
1 2k
×
∞
Z
0
(m(x))(1+pq1)
dm(x) dx
−2(pk+12)
|f(x)|kdx
1 2k
,
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which is a new inequality.
Remark 3. Letm(x) =x,n(y) =y andr(z) =z in (34) and (35) we get respectively
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)g(y)h(z)|
x+y+z dxdydz
≤ π
sinπ9β 1
9q1, 1 9p1
∞
Z
0
x
p1 q1−19
|f(x)|3p21 dx
∞
Z
0
y
p1 q1−19
|g(y)|3p21 dy
×
∞
Z
0
zpq11−19|h(z)|
3p1 2 dz
1 3p1
×
∞
Z
0
x
10q1
9p1 |f(x)|3q21 dx
∞
Z
0
y
10q1
9p1 |g(y)|3q21 dy
×
∞
Z
0
z
10q1
9p1 |h(z)|3q21 dz
1 3q1
.
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and
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
∞
Z
0
|f(x)g(y)h(z)|
x+y+z dxdydz
≤ π
sinqkπ β 1
2qk, 1 2qk
!1p
∞
Z
0
x1−qk1 |f(x)|pdx
∞
Z
0
y(1+qk1)|g(y)|pdy
1 2p
× π
sinpkπ β 1
2pk, 1 2pk
!1q
∞
Z
0
y1−pk1 |g(y)|qdy
∞
Z
0
z1+pk1 |h(z)|qdz
1 2q
× π
sinpqπ β 1
2pq, 1 2pq
!1k
∞
Z
0
z1−pk1 |h(z)|kdz
∞
Z
0
x1+pq1 |f(x)|kdx
1 2k
.
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H. A. Agwo, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Roxy, Cairo, Egypt,e-mail:
Hassanagwa@yahoo.com