多文化共生に関する一考察 / 不平等の再生産と文化の概念

!"#$%&'()*+,

!"#$%&'()*+%,-!

Multicultural Policy in Japan

Its Concept of Culture and Reproduction of Inequality

!"# $%

!

Chie SAITO

Abstract

This paper examines what the Japanese government means by “tabunka-kyosei” through an analysis of multicultural policy in local societies issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2006. Especially, I focus on the concept of culture in the plan and argue that it reproduces unequal relationships between international and Japanese residents. It reinforces the status-quo of Japanese society consisting of majority Japanese and minority foreigners. Finally, I present how local societies can empower people with different cultures through redefining a concept of culture.

Keywords: Japan, concept of culture, hegemony, inequality, cultural creativity

!.

_{! "#$%}

!

!"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456(789:;<'=>?1@,"AB 3CDEFGH1,IJKLDMN7O':P!"#$%QRSTU+VWX45Y78 9:Z[=<3<,!"#$%&@\]^8D1_`(3=!"#$%DaDP&1,b cdefghi+jk5\l,m47@,nopqrso@tu4:'8'&'9[vw P_5= !"#$%&'()*@,\xy5&,!Y8"#+z{y5/0|}~y5&'(m &DY7€C45=P`‚,m4Dƒ]@„18…4†8C8'=<3<,!"#$ %|‡ˆ7‰Š(&y5&,‹Œ8m&7+HŽm&785=Š4@,"#+ƒ]1_ 9:,"#D'1_5@‘D„+x€8Ž89:<u9:'5m&1_5= Š<:,"#+$%y5&’MX45&Z,ŠD"#@_[3P“”[5•–|—, ˜3D"#&@™š7›œX456(7€C45=!"#$%&'()*3C@,Š( .žKŸ,"#„ ž¡¢£¤¥£¦§¤¨§©¥ª¦«¬«¤«­®¯

<[@9Z°&<[•–|—9["#+,\±D/0D²7,!³,$7_5&'(6( 7´…µ5m&+1Z5D1_5=<3<,"#D'+„¶1_5&<[C,Š‚8 @9Z°<[•–|—9["#|(„@,·D6(8z{8D1_`(3=¸D"#D '&¹º»¼1Z5D½`(3¾"#¿ÀƒÁ7O…5"#DÂÃ7Ày5vw&Ä Åvw+mm7Æ:Ž5D1_5=m(<:Ç5&,!"#$%&'()*3C%Å5È É@,„&„,„&"#DÈÉ1_°,u[,"#DÂÃDÈÉ1_5= ¨ .Ê@,-./07O…5!"#$%|"#„ žDËÌ3CÊÅ5PD1_5=Í7, 2006 Î7ÏÐB+ђ<[ÒÓÔ7O…5!"#$%ÕÖQRSTUסÏÐB¨ 2006b¯ |ØÙy5m&76°,-.ÚÛ+܀5!"#$%7±':ÊÅ,!"#$%ÕÖQT h7xC45ÈÉ|ÝÞ<:'Ž=ŠDc,"#DÂÃ7ßày5=>á7,âãD¶1 D6°äJ8åæçè|àé7,SRoêp/07O…5"#Dëìí7±':îïy5= ¨

&'()*+,-./01

¨ 2006 Î,ÏÐB@,ÒÓÔ7O…5!"#$%ÕÖQThסÏÐB¨ 2006b¯|ђ< [=m4@,ðñòÛó7Ày5¼ô&'(}|µ°,ÓÔ/07O…5!"#$%Dõ ö í | ÷ € 5 P D 1 _ 5 = m D Q T h Ñ ’ D ø ù 7 @ , ú b „ û â ü D ý þ ¡ Ï Ð B¨ 2006a:3¯ÿ-./0D€I#(ÏÐB€jځbc‚ƒ 2006)&'9[ö!+_5= Vc,!"#$%ÕÖQThђ"#,ÚÛ@,6°!ŽDúb„|-.7´$46(& <:Z[=2008 Î7@%&'(+)ž% 30 *„+,|-Æ<[¡".AžB n.d.¯=/ 01234|¼<:úb„56!P!7-.1"':'5=#7úb„$"ü|´$45 %&íPˆC4:'5='($")(ü|úb„$"ü1*(&'(m&+,ã+,-D.3C/X4[°,2014 Î701n2h34567+84<[c7@,56!7þ€: n2h345D[9Dúb„:èö-|;(m&P<=C4:'[=>fi?@3oA+ /0DBZ8ÈÉ&85\l1,2014 Î7@Cã|DÎ 20 *„´…$45&'(EFo @Pe4:'[(cf.'(Û¨ 2014)=1)! X:,ÒÓÔ7O…5!"#$%ÕÖQThסÏÐB¨ 2006b¯@,·D6(8!"#$ %|àGŠ(&<:'5D½`(3=mDQThDàé@,ÒbHÿãI8·DJ85„K +L'D"#éMJ|N9O',ÀJ8åæ|èm(&<8+C,ÓÔ/0Dç~-&< :$7%Z:'Ž6(8,!"#$%DÓÔPŽ°×¡ÏÐB€jځbc‚ƒ¨ 2006¯ |ÕÖy5m&1_5=^Q,ÓÔ7O…5!"#$%+öRX45D3&)€†,ÒÓÔ Dbc#|\SÕ<Ö95סÏÐB€jځbc‚ƒ¨ 2006¯[9,u[,ÓÔ+Òú b„âãD´$4ƒ]×(ÏÐB¨ 2006b)1_53C1_5=m(<:,TUQTh@,Ó Ô/07O':,úb„D„V+WXX4,"#é8Y'+N9C4,úb„+˜3Dâ ã&ÀJ8åæ|èŽm&|öZy5=\l,QTh7[\X4:'5]^_1@,ÀJ

8åæ|çèy5D@`<Ž,¿Y|aõ<u<b(&'(@Roch+def&89: gk9:<u(h4+_5= ¨ !"#$%QTh7@,i.é8lj&<:,ÒklFEmonoh]^×,Ò%p]^×, Ò!"#$%DÓÔPŽ°×,Ò!"#$%W_DÕÖ]qDrs×D 4 ±Dtos+u4 X4:'5=ÒklFEmonoh]^×7å<:@,¿vw.Du4ÿ!)ˆ1!Y8A xhyp765z{|}D~öí+X4:'5=m47þ€:,-.ˆÿ-./07å <:Dž€0D|}P‚ƒC4:'5=Ò%p]^×7å<:@,„…†‡ˆD$û|@ Uo‰7y5[9D^Fÿ€0ÿ NPO 8·765úb„âã^F&$7,$ûáDŠl Æ<ÿÓÔDpop8·7åy5n2‹htonoh|,ÓÔDâã&DiTŒpŽD [97j(m&+‚ƒC4:'5=ŠD¸,]^,‘]^,’“”1D•–oi, —˜?%™DšžÈɈDµ°›Ç,œžDÀŸ& ¡žDúb„Dû¢šN8·+ £‚X4:'5=mDQThD>á7@,ÓÔ/07O…5!"#$%7åy5¤Ñ&¹ ¥}~D[97,TUQTh7¦9[p§D¨Ì}~,úb„ÿúb"#&Ddej(, úb„âãDÓÔ/0ˆD©þ&ŠDªD«¬,F›­D}~&ŠD]^8·7±': ®34:'5¡ÏÐB 2006b¯=\¯D-.„âã7Ày5W_@,j(D˜37@,p§ ¨ÌDu°<3<=C4:OC‘,˜3D±]é8µ°›Ç@[\X4:'8'=

2.

_{!()*+,-./013456}

!"#$%&'(&,YK8"#|—±„K+L'|aõ<_',²P¸üP$7Ó Ôâã&<:,äJ8åæ7_5/0|:uy5[9DW_DY7x€5+,2006 Îђ DmDQTh@,YK8ÈÉ|@C‚1'5=u‘,!"#$%7³+tu453&'( m&1_5=mDQTh1@,-.bH|—9[„KD¶7!Y8"#+z{y5m&7 @´4C4:'8'=µÌ@,úb„âã,Í7EForso&¶†45„K7_5D½= -.bH|—9[„K@mDQTh1@,úb„âã,±u°,-."#&@J85"# |—9:'5&·4X45„KD´…$4¸&<:·4X4:'5=-.b'PãIé7 !Y1_°,bã+¹ŽÄÅ\±D"#|$º<:'5k…1@8'm&@,mm1@» ¼7$4C4:'8'D1_5=ãI7þ€:,íé½¾ÿο,/0é/0éÓÀÿÁ „D„%D²1D/Â8·,YK8ö!76°,bãD¶1P!Y8"#+%Å5ÃÄ& 89:'5=<3<,mDQTh@m(<[bãD¶1D!Yí7@ßà<:'8'D1 _5= TUQTh1@,úb„|âã&<:N95m&+Í7ÅÆX4,ŠDÇ1,ÈC7À y5]^_||<:'5=X4[]^_|x5&,úb„+˜3Dâã&D¶1iT Œp|‘mX8'6(7&'(ɼ+à|ʎ=ûâ7åy5Ëà7®34:'5D@, ÒÓÔDpopJסÏÐB¨ 2006b¯|úb„7À<:6°Ì'žÍ7Îôy5m&D~

öí1_5=ÓÔ7ûây5NO,bD"#é€Ï6°PÒpop×&'(aDP&7 -.1jk4:'5π7)(m&+Z9C4:'5=klFEtÐDj§YÑ7ҟy 5m&+Óu45D1_5=!Y8"#|aõy5&'(6°P,ÓÔ/01šÔX4: '5j§DÕl,†(ˆDÀÖDÕl,À„åæD{°l+,T[°×DPD&<:,J 89["#|—9[„K7À<:P|X4,Š47)(Y7,-./0@]^y5&' (D1_5= )ˆ7å<:P,úbˆÿúb„+¿v-789:D¿vw.@u…C4:P,ÓÔ/ 01,úb„+klFEmonoh|j(D@,-.ˆ&·4X4-.ˆDž€]^D 0|u…56(7Ø<:'5=)ˆ|žÙ&&P7,-.Dπ|,-.1D%pDÒ1 Z5½…Ì'žÍ×7O':žÙm&+ÆÚ56(7,0||}y5m&+GX4: '5=\l,\¯D-.„âã¸+,úb„âã&DklFEmonohD[97,úb ˆ|ž€?€Ûy50D|}@QTh7@Æ:m8'=!"#$%|Ü^7VMy53 &'(m&7±':,-.„âã¸1&§é7^|j9:'…†6'D3&'(m&@, ݔ&Ò!"#$%D¨ÌPŽ°×ÿÒ!"#$%DÓÔPŽ°7±':D¤ÑסÏÐB¨ 2006b¯8·+X4:'5¸@,defghiD67+‚ƒC4:'5½…1_5= Þßà(2011:130-131)@,m(<[de7Í7ßà<[!"#$%D{°l7±':,-.1@,áâ¡ã†,äå@tÐêp,æç¯7å1y5fghi|¼<:úb„&èy 50+ýþ<:'5+,úb„+é€:'5ÈÉ7å<:@,sêo2tÐ1_5-. „@ëåì1_5&y5=)'í€4†,fghi&'(î-ïé807úb„&èy 5m&1,bcde<[m&78°,-ïé8ðùD²1@!ŽDúb„+ñÇC48'= Š4·m`3,òó<[ôõDÀö&85&)(= Þßà¡2011¯@,!"#$%D$%|Åq&÷Çø€,2006 Î"#Dúb„7Ày5 ôõD“ù#DVú|<=5=û€†,Š4@,übDtRÀ_&ÄYD$býþ+-. 7Pµ°$4C4[m&1_5=m4@,úb„D%]z{|tÿÁ„z{DôõD( X&„V!X€"k45úb„ôõDÈÉ7#+9:'Ž= mDÞßàD,Ê7O':x€:Ž5D@,ÚÛ@,ÓÔ/07À<:!"#$%|Õ Öy56(7¼$y5\l1,b'%gp1@,úb„|òó<[ôõDÀö&<:'5 &'(m&1_5=u[,b'%gp1D!"#$%W_@X8'uu,ÓÔ7!"# $%|&'ƒ<:'5Y7Px´…C45=Vc,mDm&@,QThD(789[)! "#$%DÕÖ7åy5*+0{,®-¡ÏÐB¨ 2006a¯1PG.X4:'5=/Úé7 @,ò0qDVM7PÍ11Z5+,Š41P,MžÌ1@ò0q@2½34X4:'8 'k…1_53C,b'%gpD!"#$%_+™C3785m&@~ö1_`(= Š(@)(PDD,MÚV5++,2) _{b'%gp1!"#$%7ÀŸy5±P°@8'} m&@Õ61Z5=!"#$%ÕÖQTh7@,úb„D¹x|ÓÔ/07«¬X75&

_5+,Š4@,Ólڀ7O':D/1@8'=ã++|y589:;<7@,Ó l,-7å<:PbH=Ë+u…C4:'5D½¡ã+¨ 2012,2013¯=!!¡2010:19,20¯ +<=5Y7,-.b'@,úb„âãDÓÔ/01D%p|µÌ7<:,"#éMJÿ CãÈÉ7µ°›ÿD1_°,6°"'"#ÿڀé"#1DÈCDV$ÿ˜3Dâã& DäJ8åæDçè|àGyk…1@8'D1_5=

7.

_{!()*+,%89:)*3;<}

!"#$%ÕÖQTh7xC45"#DÂÃ7O':P,ÚÛDúb„âã7Ày5% &|x5m&+1Z5=û€†,QTh7Æ:Ž5bcdefghi7å<:1_5=b cdefghi1@,['['@t%nßfQ#X4["#+(X45=!"#ƒÁ7 åy5,Ê16Ž)k45Y7,"#+,ãI)*8·D+,789:<u',ãI-f .htÐtÐ&/Ã<:<u9:'5D1_5="#7.0é8ö1+_5&·4<,Í 4D/0)*D~-y=:+m4|$ºy5&»€5,)*é8íù|ÅÆy5"#21 _5(Turner 1993)=!"#$%7O':PÄY7,m(<[.0ƒÁé8"#ÂÃ+Ò4 X4:'5¡3¨ 2010¯= 3¡2010:38-40¯@,ã+76° 2008 Î7ÆX4[CãÚ_|)|©4<[Ç1, ã+@,5¸é/0)*|·4<,ŠD~-76°\Y7$ºX4,6#<8'"#é. 0+_5m&|·4<:'5&<=5=P`‚,Ç7DY8/0)*ÿ"#@,MV& @3…84[PD1_5D½+,m(<[.0ƒÁé"#2+,!"#$%ÕÖQThD 9ó7P_5&y5= !"#$%ÕÖQTh7O…5!"#$%Dç:1@,"#@™š8•–|—,mD •–76°-.„@úb„&؅C4[z{&85=Š<:,mDç:D²7@{-;< „,=b„,²b„&'9[-.7^>¿Pâ‚1'5„KDÀ°@šWX4:'8'= u[,YK8ãIƲDüP,ŠD?+_58'7åkC‘,-.bH|—±8C†, sêo2tÐ&<:Ä0D"#|—±PD&@4X45=!!(2010:22)+)(Y7,úb „|ÒÓÔ/0Dç~-סÏÐB 2006a¯&<[/0D}~|àGym&|¼<:,úb „|bã&@™š7؅:'5D1_5=m4@,úb„+-./0|ž',-.ˆ|ž Ù~öí|܀5QTh7O':@,sêo2tÐ&sfà2tÐDÀÔ:Ñ7¸8C8 '= sêo2tÐ&sfà2tÐDÀÔ:ÑD²1@,sêo2tÐ,_5'@,Afh@ i2oUD"#@,x€8'PD&89:'5m&+!K_5=x€8'3CmŠ,!" #$%ÕÖQTh7_5Y7,Š4+ÒÓÔ/0Dpop×&'()*1B‰X4,_[ 3PCCD†8C8'PDDY7’MX45D1_5=Š<:,úb„âã+,ÓÔ7ƒ Îâÿ„K&@J89[jE|y58C†,m(<[Òpop×3CDFG&<:xC4

5="#é¿Y&<:@õHX48'ÃÄ|IŽm&785D1_5=3) _m(<:,!" #$%DaDP&7,šäJ8åæ+J%KX4:'ŽD1_5=\l,û€,"#D¿ Y7à+L…C4[&<:P,Š4½…1@,šäJ8åæDHM7@#+C8'="# @,ڀåæÿVN&Dåæ1»€C45=Z1_5m&|O4:@8C8'=Š<:, .0ƒÁé"#2|vwé7Ç5m&76°,sêo2tÐD²7P"#é¿Y+_5m &|™C37<:'3D†8C8'= š37,"#DY'@,PæÿQõ,ãIÿbH&'9[PD&å1<:àÔ±PD1 _5=m4C@,"#D•–R|S9:M45=<3<,SRoêp#<[TKD/01 @,Á„@ŠD„%D²1U³D"#ÿŠDVW|'{#<,ŠDÃÄ,U³D)ˆ|X °,U³D"#éøù|—±m&PY<Ž8'=mm1)("#&@,.0ƒÁé8"# DÂÃ|GyD1@8Ž,Z[<[ö1PtÇ,\\<:OC‘,u[,]\]1P8' "#1_5="#+^&±D/0D~-D¶1ÄÅ6(7$ºX4:'5MV@8'=' Ž±PD"#|'{#<:'5Á„@,<†<†"#D•–Ô7À°P…C45(Rosaldo 1989)=SRoêp#<[/07O':,"#|ÊÅ5&Z,m(<["#D•–ÔÿŠm 7°34[„K7Pßày5~ö+_5D1_5=

=.

_!()*>)*?@AB

! _u1,ÒÓÔ7O…5!"#$%ÕÖQTh×7O':X45!"#$%D¹`| "#DÂÃ&&P7ÊÅ:Z[=mDQThD²1@,-."#@x€8'Afh@i2 oUD"#&<:ak4:O°,-./0D²D"#é!Yí7@´4C4:'8'=Š 4·m`3Òúb„×"úDâã|Ò-.„×&€5m&1,sêo2tÐÀsfà2 tÐDç:|b°,"#DY'|aõy5&'(m&|àé7[ƒ8+C,úb„@Af h@i2oUD€Ï7)(=ZPD&<:Z9:'5=!"#$%ÕÖQTh7_56( 8!zD-./0Dcd|úb„âã7À<:Îô<,¸Dâã&iTŒp|‘mX8' Y7y5&'9[ÿ°l1@,¿Y+aõX457<:P,-./0D>efEo4)_@, ŠDuugzX45D1_5=m4769:,J"#@/0DÎh7,ŠD'@/0 é7iÀ7Ý'ÿC4,Š(<[jú+k—X45%&íPlŽ@8'= TUQThD²1@,"#éY'Daõ|[ƒ:'5+,t%h@?ßomo(Turner 1993)+<=5Y7,¿Y|aõy5&'(ún½…1@,/0é7šäJ8åæ@HM< 8'=I"#ÿ/0éo3&'9[PD|¼<:,ڀé/0é7šäJ8åæ+J%K X4:'Ž3C1_5=šäJ8åæDJ%K|Ž…57@·(y=Z3=ßomo+s fà2tÐ?SpoQ7Ày5‹hpqoAhi&<:|y5D@,_u1D"#„  ž765"#7±':D,Ê|^4<[PD1,"#Dëìí7rà<[PD1_5=ß omo@,„¶@"#|b5z{1_°,!zDPD7sC‘,Ü^85@tDÜ^85

/0)*Pu€‘%Å:ýv<:'Žž,ŠD"#é-f.htÐtÐPu€‘ýv<: 'Ž&ÊÅ5=Š<:,Š(<[)*765ëìé8"#é-f.htÐtÐD}~,J }~DQRw@7O':,²D)*|@4<,ŠD-f.htÐtÐ|ƒx<:'Žm &+,)Oé‹hpqoAhi7#+5&<=5= ¨ m(<[,Ê|,-./07O…5!"#$%7T:y9[NO,!"#ƒÁÄY,! "#$%7O':P,"#é-f.htÐtÐ|ëìé7J%K<,m4|ØÖ,L~y 5m&@,!Y8/0)*|‹hpqoy5m&7±8+5m&+z·X45=[½<, -./07O…5!"#$%@,úb„â㽅18Ž,˜3Dâã|Pt9[PD18 …4†8C8'={\7,Í4DÓÔ/07O':"#+|0é1_°,˜3D/0)* D—±"#&@™š8•–76°Ø…C45&y5m&1,sêo2tÐ,sfà2tÐ Dç:+1Z,šäJ8åæ+J%KX4}…C45D1_5&<[C,m(<["#2 @~:C48…4†8C8'=sêo2tÐ&Ç8X45„KD¶7P,P`‚"# é¿Y@z{<,ŠD"#é8¿Y+aõX45m&8Ž,u[,sêo2tÐD¶1P šäJ8åæ+}~?J}~X4}…58C†,!"#$%ÕÖQTh7O…5"#D Ã]Dx/<+~ö1_5= ¨ ÓÔ/0ÿŠ4|€ty5-./07O':,Ç<DßomoD,Ê7_5Y8u€‘ Ñ%y5YK8@tD)*+Š44D"#é-f.htÐtÐÿÍ0|¸ü7÷€5j ‚+,sêo2tÐD¶7O':P,P`‚,sfà2tÐD¶7O':P,%Å5D 1_4†,Š4C@\ƒD"#7åk5/0„§&<:,-./07"Z3…5PD&8 `(="#é¿Y7ßà<,Š4|T(ü[+’M<:'Žm&+~ö1_5=Á„+ 'Ž±PD/0)*7¢…<,u[,†[8/0)*+}~X4,„K+Š47¢…<: 'Ž²1,"#é‡|u€‘%K,J%K<,Š4|’M<:'Žm&@,sêo2t Ð&X4:'5„KD¶7P"#é¿Y+_5m&|yÃÄ&85=sêo2tÐ@s êo2tÐDuu1@'C48Ž85D1_5=m(<:,-.„|t9!Y8"#éø ù|—9[„K+,"#DY'|ëìé7’My5m&@,!Y8/0)*D‹hpqo Ahi7±8+5D1_5=

C.

_!DE

¨ ÒÓÔ7O…5!"#$%ÕÖQTh×7O…5ÈÉÌ|,"#DÂÃ&&P7ÊÅ: Z[=TUQTh@,"#7å<:,„K+äJ8åæ|èŽ[9DÚ_1_5D1,ú b„&-.„&'(ÀÔ:Ñ1/0|€5m&@,ŠDàé7Šˆk8'ÃÄ|%ÇÆ y&)€5=)9:,mD:Ñ|,ŠDuuTUQThD"#DÂÃ7«¬y=Z1@8 '= ¨ TUQTh7O':34X4:'5.0ƒÁé8"#DÂÃ@,ãI,bH&'9[T

fh7¦9[soro&<:D"#|ÅÆy5=<3<,Š(<["#DÂÃ@,Í4D /0)*7O':,~-¹:+\Y7\±D"#|$ºy5,_5'@,"#+™š8• –|—,˜3D)*D"#&@9Z°&؅C45&'("#27‰(X4,Š(y4 †,YK8/Â,…í|—±„KD"#|Š™<8'=sêo2tÐD²D"#é¿YP Š™<8'<,"#镖Ô&'9[PDP,¹Ž»¼7$48'= ¨ ÀJ8åæ|çè<6(&'(àé|—±!"#$%|,/0é_5'@ڀ鄧& <:€,sêo2tÐ&Ç8X45„K|P,/0„§&<:D!"#$%7‹ZŒÿ 7@,ßomo+܀5Y8u€¶8ŽÑ%y5YK8@tD/0)*765,"#é8 ’M|S(ڀ„§|ˍ7$4:OŽ=Z1_5=Š<:,mm7O':,\±D/0 )*7¢…y5„K+¹ŽÄÅ"#|$º<:'5&y56°P,"#]Z[<[ö1 |tÿ<,6#y5,u[,ŠD'76°ëìX45PD&€5m&76°,!z D/0)*&@œ7}~X4[)*765"#é8ƒxÿäJ8åæDöZ|j(ڀ„ §+%&&85=m(<:,sêo2tÐ&¶†45„KD¶ÿ\±DãI,\±DbD 837P"#é8¿Y+z{y5m&+X45m&@,†[8!"#$%/0|}~y 5Z93…&8`(=YK8"#DVW|+,7y5,YK8@tD/0)*+,ŠD" #é-f.htÐtÐ|ƒx<,˜3Dâã&DäJ8åæ|öZy5m&1,-.7O …5!"#$%D†[8”DÆM+Í11Z5=5) !"# !"#$ 20 %&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEBF10G6 9:1/H I"JK7L:M/<=B;N)=*OPHJKQRLS.@'B;2014 $ 11 T'U>VWXYZ E[\@H ]"^6'_`abc*+,-./d27e1f./'B;gh&i,EBF1HjJ&klmE[ /H<=B;jJno'pq'_`*r69;s.*tu20P/vw*xy9:1/Hz{|; )}~€09:LS.@‚ƒ„'N…78P/}†E[/H20 $Y‡Z7RˆS.@‰‰; ŠiD‹S.:1F1Hs.ŒuŽ;<=B;‚ƒ„B;Qh*‘’Žf“s2”•N) =– 2010"0P/k'09:—{:1/'E[/H ˜"E™2š›œž0B;Ÿ œ¡¢£¤¥¦§¨©(Williams 1977)'6ª7«¬Mk'E[ /H¤¥¦§¨©7d.|;š›œž0B;­®£¯­®'8°7[/k'E;­®±' ² ³´µž'¶·E[/H9Ž9; ²³´µžQ¸¹S./k'E[/¶º;š›œžB;¸ ¹S./0Q»0¼ŒF1H012'B;š›œžB;D½7¾1:¿ÀS./@Á7Âà S./k'E[Ä;ÅÄÆS./07dÄÇÈ`P/ÉÊf.@¸Ë0Ì͔iŽfE[/ (Williams 1977)H

Î"Ï9;9|9|Ð_`ѪQÒÓS./d27;_`aÔÕ'eÖB;h)h×09:'h×' Èĺ*[Ø2MP/07ÙQ/HjJ34Q;hןÚÛ7¾1:Ð_`ÜÉ3Ý*ˆSF 1ޅ*29@0u7ßLP0QEÊ/Žkà.F1H'áâ789:B;ãj'>K 7‰P07P/H $%&'# ä– àå 2010– æÐ_`ÜÉç*è/>KE;æ_`ç*Œ'd27é/'Žê”ëìí¶îæÐ_`ïð 'ñ_`ò*á2çPp.35-62;óôïH õö÷;¦¦§¡£øÛù 2011– æÜÉç'ú7ß{/k2¶û'æeüç”ýìþîæÐ_`ÜɔBÿŽçPp.127-148; €‚H ëìí¶ 2010– Ð_`ïð£jJ7¾,/ñ_`ò'á1”ëìí¶îæÐ_`ïð'ñ_`ò*á2ç Pp.9-34;óôïH N)= 2010– N)=3Ý!"#$% Û 2010” https://www.jimin.jp/election/results/sen_san22/kouyaku/22_sensan/contents/10.html•&'_;2014 $ 10 T 24 j()"H 2012– æjJh*}~€€•‹+*},-"ç 2013– æjJh*}~€€./0ç123;N…)Ñ=*}~45J·H _·678 n.d. æ97É 30 %&!!ç789:”" 169 #hð7¾,/$%Ç&'Þ()*3º+,-•. /";http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/gijyutu/gijyutu10/siryo/attach/1335219.htm•2014 $ 10 T 24 j()"H Ç&4 2014– 0OP1ÊjJ'Š2'v7û1:”•2014 $ 2 T 24 j" http://www5.cao.go.jp/keizai-shimon/kaigi/special/future/0224/shiryou_01.pdf•&'_;2014 $ 10 T 31 j()"H Rosaldo, Renato

1989 “Border Crossings.” In Culture and Truth, Pp.196-217. Boston: Beacon Press. '38

2006a– æÐ_`ÜÉ'4578P/45ð67―897¾,/Ð_`ÜÉ'457:,:―ç 2006b– 897¾,/Ð_`ÜÉ45;<¡”

'38N=+3>h?@A

2006– 897¾,/Ð_`ÜÉ45;<¡7û1:”'+h" 79 B•2006 $ 3 T 27 j" Turner, Terence

1993 “Anthropology and Multiculturalism: What is Anthropology That Multiculturalists Should Be Mindful of It?” Cultural Anthropology 8(4):411-429.

Williams, Raymond

1977 “Hegemony.” In Marxism and Literature, Pp. 108-114, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.