Rômazi Nihoőgo-buő no i to u no uzuri-kata 1 Rômazi Nihoőgo-buő no i to u no uzuri-kata Kirikae Hideo 1 Mokuteki Hattori Sirô ( ) ga 1949-neő go

Rômazi Nihoőgo-buő no £i to £u no £uzuri-kata

Kirikae Hideo

1 Mokuteki

Hattori Sirô (1908-95) ga 1949-neő goro kôaő si, 1951-neő ni hap-pjô sita Siő-Nihoő-siki rômazi £uzuri-kata wa rômazi de Geődai Nihoőgo-buő o £uzuru toki ni joridokoro ni naru seisjohô-aő de aru. Hattori wa zjûrai no Heboő-siki1 _{(Rômazi-kai, 1885), Nihoő-siki}

(Tanakadate Aiki£u, 1905), Kuőrei-siki (Naikaku kuőrei, 1937/1954) o onore no oőiőroő no ta£iba kara hihaő site Siő-Nihoő-siki to mizukara nazuketa seisjohô o teiaő sita. Sono jôteő wa ta-gjô ni huta£u no siiő oőso o mitomete sorera o kaki-wakeru to juu mono de atta. Rômazi Nihoőgo-buő o kaku baai ni (aruiwa ippaő ni taőoő-mozi taikei o mo£iite Nihoőgo-buő o kaku baai ni) Siő-Nihoő-siki wa Geődai Nihoőgo ni mottomo husawasii £uzurikata de aru.

Koko de wa Kuőrei-siki to hikaku sinagara Siő-Nihoő-siki no sug-ureta teő ni £uite noberu.

Hattori ga iroiro na kikai ni happjô sita gakuse£u ojobi teiaő wa £ugi no £josjo ni osamerarete iru.

Geőgogaku no Hôhô. Tôkjô: Iwanami Sjoteő, 1960 [4]. Siőbaő Oőiőroő to Seisjohô. Tôkjô: Taisjûkaő Sjotoő, 1979 [5].

Watasi no kono roőbuő wa, Sin-Nihoő-siki no toku£jô de aru ta-gjô no huta£u no siiő no kakiwake ni £uite watasi ga rikai dekita haői de sjôkai suru mono de aru. Sorejue kore wa original na keőkjû roőbuő de wa nai. Tada, gairaioő no £uzuri-kata ni £uite noberu §5 ni wa tasjô no atarasisa ga aru ka mo sirenai. Sore wa happjô kara 63-neő ga sugite Nihoőgo ga gairaioő no ukeire to juu teő de jori hirakareta mono to natta kara de, Hattori no gakuse£u ga huruku natta kara de wa nai.

Hanasi o susumeru mae ni, Kuőrei-siki to Siő-Nihoő-siki ga ta-gjô ojobi sore to kaőkei no hukai da-ta-gjô no haku2 _{o dono jô ni}

1_{Hjôzjuő-siki to mo jobareru mono o koko de wa sasu.}

2_{拍. mora. Tatoeba gakkô wa gak to kô no 2-oőse£u kara naru taőgo de aru keredo, haku}

de kazoeru to ga-k-ko-o no 4-paku ni naru. Dono haku mo zikaő-teki ni onazi nagasa o izi suru to sarete iru. Kana no taikei wa haku ni taiô site iru.

£uzuru no ka simesite okô.3 _{Kono roőbuő de wa age£urawanai}

keredo Heboő-siki mo saőkô made ni simesite oku.

Kana タ チ ツ テ ト チャ チュ チョ

ダ ヂ・ジ ヅ・ズ デ ド ヂャ・ジャ ヂュ・ジュ ヂョ・ジョ

Oőka ta Ùi ţu te to Ùa Ùu Ùo

da Ãi dzu4 de do Ãa Ãu Ão

Kuőrei-siki ta ti tu te to tya tyu tyo

da zi zu de do zya zyu zyo

Siő-Nihoő-siki ta £i £u te to £ja £ju £jo

da zi zu de do zya zyu zyo

Heboő-siki ta chi tsu te to cha chu cho

da ji zu de do ja ju jo

Nihoő-siki ni £uite wa ue ni simesanakatta ga, ta-gjô ni kaősite wa, sono kôkei-sya to ieru Kuőrei-siki to kawari wa nai. Sikasi da-gjô ni £igai ga atte, di, du, dya, dyu, dyo to juu £uzuri o mitomete iru. Sore wa ヂ [Ãi] , ヅ [dzu], ヂャ [Ãa], ヂュ [Ãu], ヂョ [Ão] no kana o teősja (transliterate) suru mono to itte joku, gaitô suru haku o za-gjô no zi, zu, zya, zyu, zyo igai de wa £uzuranai Kuőrei-siki to kurabete, kanazukai no eikjô o irokoku todomete iru [3, pp. 37-38].

Heboő-siki wa Nihoőgo no oőiő-taikei ni ga££i sinai teő no ôi £uzuri-kata de aru. Sikasi mottomo hukjû site iru. Kuőrei-siki ga ka£ute sjôgakkô de nessiő ni osierareta wari ni seirjoku o usinatte iru no to taisjô-teki de aru.5 _{Heboő-siki no toru beki teő wa}

jozjô-sei (redundancy) ga mottomo takai to juu teő de aru. Kore wa mo£iroő ketteő de mo atte, kono hôsiki o manabi nikuku site iru ga, ittaő manaőde simaeba, haku ja taőgo no niőtei (dôtei) ga mottomo tajasuku naru (kekka to site hajaku jomeru) no de wa nai darô ka. Sore ni mo kakawarazu watasi ga Heboő-siki jori Sin-Nihon-siki o toru no wa sore ga Nihoőgo no oőiő-taikei ni ga££i site iru tame, Nihoőgo no hanasi-te ta£i ni totte manabi jasuku, mata kaki-ajamari nikui (sunawa£i ittaő seisjohô o manabi oeta mono ni totte sono seisjohô kara i£uda£u si nikui) mono to natte iru kara de aru.

3_{£, j nado no zibo no seőtei wa Hattori no mono to wa kotonaru. Sikasi sore wa moődai}

de wa nai. Hattori no hôsiki wa rômazi ni kagirazu, hoka no taőoő-mozi taikei ni mo tekijô dekiru kara de aru.

4_{ヂ・ジ, ヅ・ズ no siiő Ã, dz wa hasa£uoő de aru keredo boiő ni hasamareru to sorezore}

masa£uoő Z, z to naru. Rei: ziku [Ãiku], zuru [dzuRu]; kazi [kazi], kazu [kazu].

Redundancy to juu teő de wa Siő-Nihoő-siki ga Heboő-siki ni £uide iru. ƒinami ni watasi ga, [Ù] ja [ţ] o oőka (phonetic value) to suru zibo, £, ni zjôhô-rjô ga zero no zizjôhu (diacritic) o £ukete iru no wa mozi no kata£i no ue ni redundancy o zi£ugeő suru tame de aru. Jôsuruni jokei na mono o £ukete meda£u jô ni sita made no koto de aru. Mata iwajuru haneru-oő ő o na-gjô no siiő no n to wa be£u no zibo ő de simesite iru no mo, sore de n to wa be£u no oőso o simesu tame de aru koto wa juu made mo nai ga,6 _{sono hoka ni}

jahari redundancy o takame tai to juu nerai ga aru kara de aru.

2 Sa-gjô to na-gjô no siiő

T a-gjô no siiő ni £uite noberu ni sakida£i, kore to £jôoő-teő7 ga

niteiru sa-gjô to na-gjô no siiő o siraberu koto ni suru.

サ シ ス セ ソ シャ シュ ショ

saas siis suus sees soos sa¨¨as su¨u¨s so¨o¨s

to

ナ ニ ヌ ネ ノ ニャ ニュ ニョ

naan niin nuun neen noon na¨¨an nu¨u¨n no¨o¨n

to o hikaku suru to, boiő no as to an no neiro ga joku nite iru to

kaőzirareru. Sore to tomoni sukkari onazi to juu wake de wa nai koto ni kizuku. Tatoeba an wa karui biiő no hibiki o obite iru ga,

as ni wa sono jô na toku£jô wa mitomerarenai. Ika is to in, us to un

nado no £igai mo as to an no £igai to heikô-teki de aru.

Kono zizi£u kara £ugi no jô na koto ga ieru. as to an wa sorezore

sato nano usiro to juu kotonatta oő-kaőkjô ni ai-oginau jô ni buőpu

site iru (as to an wa sôhobuőpu  complementary distribution  o

nasite iru). asto anno neiro no £igai wa sorezore ga sorezore no

oő-kaőkjô ni dôka (assimilate) sita tame ni umareta mono to minasu koto ga dekiru. ƒumari as to an wa onazi oőso a no zi£ugeő-kei de

aru. is, in ika ni £uite mo dôjô no koto ga ieru.

Izjô huta£u no keire£u no boiő ga do£ira mo sorezore a, i, u, e, o, ä, ü, ö

6_{Haneru-oő to na-gjô no siiő wa be£u no oőso de aru.}

7_{ƒôoő-teő to wa sita (ze£u) ga uwaago ni sessjoku site iru ka arui wa mottomo sekkiő site}

to juu boiő-oőso no zi£ugeő-kei de aru koto o kakuniő sita. ƒugi ni siiő ni me o teőzite mi jô.

sa, si, su, se, so, s¨a, su¨, s¨o

wa tagai ni joku nite iru. Mata,

na, ni, nu, ne, no, na¨, nu¨, no¨

mo tagai ni joku nite iru. Keredo do£ira no keire£u no siiő mo tagai ni kaőzeő ni onazi de wa nai. Iroiro na teido de kotonatte iru. Daga, sono kotonari-kata wa huta£u no keire£u no aida de heikô-teki de aru. Tatoeba, se to ne wa sa to na to kuraberu to kôgai-ka

(palatalize) site iru ga, si to ni no kôgai-ka hodo hanahadasiku wa

nai, nado. Korera no kotonari-kata wa usiro ni £uzuku boiő-oőso a, i, u, e, o, ä, ü, ö

no eikjô ni joru mono to kaőgaerareru. ƒumari, sa ika no siiő ojobi

na ika no siiő ga sorezore tagai ni kotonatte iru no wa korera no

boiő-oőso no mae ni ai-oginau jô ni buőpu (sôho-buőpu) site, ka£u, sorezore no oő-kaőkjô ni dôka site iru tame to juu koto ga dekiru. Sitagatte,

sa, si, su, se, so, sa¨, su¨, s¨o

to

na, ni, nu, ne, no, n¨a, nu¨, n¨o

wa sorezore onazi hito£u no oőso s to n no zi£ugeő-kei de aru to juu koto ga dekiru.

Izjô no koto kara sa-gjô to na-gjô no haku wa £ugi no jô ni simesareru koto ga tasikamerareta.

sa, si, su, se, so, sä, sü, sö na, ni, nu, ne, no, nä, nü, nö

3 T a-gjô no siiő

T a-gjô wa dô de arô ka? T a-gjô mo mata sa-gjô to na-gjô ni naratte

タ チ ツ テ ト チャ チュ チョ

taat tiit tuut teet toot ta¨¨at tu¨u¨t t¨o¨ot

Saki to onazi te£uzuki ni jotte

at, it, ut, et, ot, ¨at, ¨ut, ¨ot

wa boiő-oőso no keire£u a, i, u, e, o, ä, ü, ö no zi£ugeő-kei de aru to juu koto ga dekiru.

a i u e o ¨a u ¨¨ o ↔      as is us es os ¨as u¨s ¨os an in un en on ¨an u¨n ¨on at it ut et ot ¨at u¨t ¨ot

ƒugi ni siiő o keőtô sijô.

ta, ti, tu, te, to, t¨a, tu¨, to¨

Korera no siiő ga sôho-buőpu o nasite iru koto wa sorezore ga ko-tonaru boiő no mae ni arawarete iru no da kara juu made mo nai koto de aru. Mata £jôoő-teő no kotonari-kata ga sa ika no siiő

ojobi na ika no siiő no sore to heikô-teki de aru. Kono heikô-teki na

kotonari-kata wa sorezore no kaőkjô ni dôka sita tame to minaseru. Sikasi £jôoő-hô (manner of articulation) no kotonari-kata wa sa-gjô, na-gjô no siiő no sore to heikô-teki de wa nai. Sunawa£i

ta, te, to

wa heisa-oő de aru noni

ti, tu, t¨a, t¨u, t¨o

wa hasa£u-oő de aru. Tokoroga sa-gjô to na-gjô no siiő wa sorezore dono kaőkjô de mo ikkaő site onazi £jôoő-hô ga torarete iru. Sa-gjô no siiő de wa ku£imuro ni sebame ga keisei sarete iru. Na-gjô no siiő de wa ku£imuro ni heisa ga keisei sarete, ka£u, naőkôgai ga sagatte iru. Sore wa ikkaő site mirareru toku£jô de aru. Ippô ta, te, to de

wa ku£imuro ni heisa ga keisei sare, sono kaihô ni tomonatte jowai kirjû (air stream) no hôsju£u ga ari, sono ato boiő e to u£utte juku. Tokoroga ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, t¨o de wa heisa ga tokareta ato ni onazi

£jôoő-teő de sebame ga izi sareru mizikai ma ga atte, hagesiku midareta kirû ga umare, kore ga hakkiri to sita sôoő (noise) to site kikoe, £uide boiő ni u£utte juku.

T a-gjô no siiő no hutairo no £jôoő-hô wa, naruhodo ai-oginau

£i-gai de wa aru ga, kaőkjô-dôka ni joru mono to minasenai. Wareware wa ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, to¨ no £jôoő-teő o sono mama ni site oite, £jôoő-hô

o subete hasa£u-oő kara heisa-oő ni kirikae (ima kari ni sono siiő o

τ de simesu to),

τiiτ, τuuτ, τ¨aa¨τ, τu¨u¨τ, τo¨o¨τ

to ha£uoő suru koto ga tajasuku dekiru. Sorera wa ti, tu, tj_{a, t}j_{u, t}j_o

no jô na haku to naru de arô. Sitagatte ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, t¨oo heisa-oő ta,

te, to no kotonatta zicugenkei (variant) to minasu koto wa dekinai.

ta, te, tono rui to ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, to¨no rui to o onazi oőso no zi£ugeő-kei

to site matomeru wake ni wa ikanai no de aru.8

ta, te, to no tagai no kotonari-kata wa sa, se, so aruiwa na, ne, no

no tagai no kotonari-kata to heikô-teki de aru. Sore wa boiő a, e, o no mae ni tatte, sono kaőkjô ni dôka site iru kara de aru. Sitagatte,

ta, te, to wa hito£u no oőso t no zi£ugeő-kei de aru to ieru.

ti, tu, ta¨, tu¨, t¨o no tagai no kotonari-kata wa si, su, s¨a, su¨, so¨

aruiwa ni, nu, n¨a, nu¨, n¨o no tagai no kotonari-kata to heikô-teki de

aru. Sore wa boiő i, u, ä, ü, ö no mae to juu kaőkjô ni sorezore ga dôka site iru kara de aru. Sitagatte, ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, to¨ wa t to wa be£u

no oőso £ no zi£ugeő-kei de aru to ieru.

t ↔ ta te to

ˇ

c↔ ti tu t¨a tu¨ t¨o

4 T a-gjô no huta£u no siiő oőso o kaki-wakeru

T a-gjô no siiő oőso ga hutairo aru koto ga kakuniő dekita. Nihoőgo

o rômazi de kaku tame no seisjohô ni atte mo korera o kakiwakeru beki de arô. Nazenara oő no taikei ni ga££i sita mozi no taikei wa sore o mo£iiru hitobito ni totte mottomo sizeő na £uzuri-kata to naru hazu de aru kara da.

8_{Oőso o niőtei suru tame no kono tezjuő o Hattori wa kaőkjô-dôka no sagjô geősoku}

to nazukete iru. Kono hoka Taikei-teki kiősei-teki buőpu no sagjô geősoku, Taőzjuő ka£u kiősei-teki kôzô no sagjô geősoku, Keizai no sagjô geősoku ga aru ga, korera wa oőso o niőtei suru sagjô o susumeru ue no mitôsi de atte, saigo-teki kettei-keő wa kaőkjô-dôka no sagjô geősoku ni aru to suru [5, p.319].

Kurikaesi ni naru ga, ta, te, to to ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, t¨o wa sorezore be£u

no oőso no zi£ugeő-kei de aru kara be£u no zibo o ategau no ga tadasii jarikata de aru.

ta, te, to ni wa t ga husawasii de arô.

ti, tu, t¨a, tu¨, t¨o ni taisite wa c, C, ç aruiwa kono roőbuő de

sai-jôsarete iru £ nado iroiro kôho ga aru.9

ta-gjô wa £ugi no jô ni 2-gjô ni wakareru koto ni naru.

ta te to

£i £u £ä £ü £ö

Koko made mo£iite kita ä, ü, ö no kigô o kore kara wa ja, ju, jo de simesu koto ni suru.10

ta 2 2 te to 2 2 2

2 £i £u 2 2 £ja £ju £jo

Kono 2-gjô ni wa £uzuri no ataerarete inai haku ga ja££u aru. Sorera wa haku no taikei no akima [5, p. 144,151] to jobareru. Kore ni £uite wa £ugi no Ÿ5 de hureru koto ni suru.

5 Hoka no geőgo no eikjô de umare ta atarasii

haku o dô kaki-arawasu ka?

Koko 140 neő hodo no aida ni Eigo nado no Jôroppa-kei no geőgo kara tairjô no taőgo ga junjû sare, geőzai mo nao sono ikioi wa otoroete inai. Sono tame zjûrai wa nakatta atarasii haku (gairai-oő) ga iku£u mo umareta. Wareware no mezasu seisjohô wa sorera ni taisjo dekinakute wa naranai. T a-gjô ni kakawari no hukai sono jô na haku to site wa £ugi no jô na mono ga aru.

チェ ツァ ツェ ツォ ティ ディ トゥ ドゥ テュ デュ ジェ

Ùe ţa ţe ţo ti di tu du tju dju Ãe

Korera no haku wa wakai sedai ga hanasu Nihoőgo ni hobo tei£jaku site iru. Nao, hôgeő ni jotte wa, tatoeba oto££aő no ツァ [ţa] nado 9_{c, C wa kata£i kara miru to a, e, o to onazi rui ni nari medatanai. ç no    wa Ÿ5 ma£ubi}

de noberu jô ni [si, zi, ţi] o arawasu tame no diacritic to site totte okitai. Sore de £ o eraőda ga, mozi no kata£i no seőtei wa kono roőbuő no têma de wa nai.

10_{jwa IPA (Kokusai Oőpjô Zibo) de [i] ni £ikai haőboiő to site mo£iirarete iru. Ippô y wa}

ga Jôroppa-kei no geőgo no eikjô o ukeru mae kara soőzai site ita jô da.

Korera no haku ni taisite, Kuőrei-siki o sizi suru hitobito kara £ugi no jô na teiaő [1, p. 13] ga nasarete iru.11

チェ ツァ ツェ ツォ ティ ディ トゥ ドゥ テュ デュ ジェ

Ùe ţa ţe ţo ti di tu du tju dju Ãe

tye twa twe two t′i d′i t′u d′u t′yu d′yu zye

Kono jô na teiaő ga dono jô na hugôri o maneite iru ka wa sugu ato de noberu. Sore to wa be£u ni kono aő no ôkina ketteő wa £uzuri no taikei (haku no taikei de wa nai) ga sita no hjô ni simesarete iru jô ni kiősei (symmetry) ga torete inai to juu koto de aru. Sono tame manabi nikui taikei to natte iru.

ta Ùi ţu te to Ùa Ùu Ùe Ùo

ta ti tu te to tya tyu tye tyo

da de do da de do ti tu tj_u t′i t′u t′yu di du dj_u d′i d′u d′yu ţa ţe ţo

twa twe two

dza Ãi dzu dze dzo Ãa Ãu Ãe Ão

za zi zu ze zo zya zyu zye zyo

Hjô ni aru tôri, kuőrei-siki de wa [Ùi], [ţu], [Ùu] ni ti, tu, tyu o atete iru tame [ti], [tu], [tj_{u] ni taisite t}′_{i, t}′_{u, t}′_{yu o ate, [di], [du], [d}j_u]

ni taisite wa kore to heikô-teki ni d′_{i, d}′_{u, d}′_{yu o ateru. } ′ _{ wa}

boiő no eikjô ga sugu mae no siiő ni ojobu no o tomeru mono to se£umei sarete iru.12 _{di, du, dyuto juu £uzuri wa motomerarete inai.}

Mosi kari ni kono £uzuri o jurusu to, sorezore ti [Ùi], tu [ţu], tyu [Ùu] no dakuoő [Ãi], [dzu], [Ãu] o simesu jô ni natta de arô ga, sore wa zi, zu, zyu ga sudeni simesu koto ni natte iru. Onazi haku ni huta£u no £uzuri o narabi-tateru wake ni wa ikanai no de (kono

11_{Nao, naikaku kuőrei de korera no £uzuri ga sitei sarete iru wake de wa nai [2, p. 971]} 12_{Rômazi: Rômazi no kakikata de wa /t/, /d/ ga sore ni £uzuku /i/, /u/, /yu/ no sita}

(ze£u  Kirikae) no kata£i ni hikizurarezu ni sono mama ha£uoő sareru to se£umei sarete iru. [1, p. 14]

teő de wa Kuőrei-siki wa ma£igatte inai), di, du, dyu to juu £uzuri wa hu-hi£ujô to nari, kekkjoku hômurareta no de aru. di, du, dyu no £uzuri ga £ukaenai jô ni mizukara no te-asi o sibatte simatta to itte mo jokarô. Sikasi £ukawanai to kimeta to site mo kaőzeő ni hômurisaru koto wa hukanô de aru. Sono rijû wa ato de noberu.

twa, twe, two wa kana-hjôki ツァ, ツェ, ツォ o nazotta ni suginai. ツァ [ţa] → tua → twa

ツェ[ţe] → tue → twe ツォ [ţo] → tuo → two

Koko de ku£ibiruoő-ka (labialization) o aőzi suru w o £ukau no wa hutekise£u de aru. tw o [ţ] to musubi£ukeru no wa £okkaő ni i£izirusiku haősuru. Korera no £uzuri wa musiro [tw_{a], [t}w_{e], [t}w_{o] o}

simesu tame ni totte oku beki de aru.

twa [twa] twe [twe] two [two]

Ku£ibiruoő-ka o simesu w wa mata geőkwaő [ge­kw_{að] nado no}

iwajuru gôjôoő13 _{o mo£u hôgeő no tame ni totte oku beki de aru.}

Kana no £uzuri no nazori da to suru teő de wa onazi da ga, hasa£u-oő no haku twa nado no £uzuri no hassei ni £uite no Hattori no se£umei wa ue de kokoromita se£umei to kotonatte iru. Hattori wa

チ : チャ = ツ : ツァ

Ùi : Ùa = ţu : ţa

ti : tya = tu : twa

to juu suiroő kara kaőgae-dasareta mono to site iru [5, p. 213]. Siő-Nihoő-siki de wa £ugi no jô ni £uzuru.

チェ ツァ ツェ ツォ ティ ディ トゥ ドゥ テュ デュ ジェ

Ùe ţa ţe ţo ti di tu du tju dju Ãe

£je £a £e £o ti di tu du tju dju zje

Korera no £uzuri wa ta-gjô no huta£u no siiő oőso o kakiwaketa koto kara zidôteki ni mi£ibikareru hi£uzeő-teki ki£jaku de aru. Korera no atarasii haku wa zjûrai no haku no taikei ni atta akima o umeru mono de aru. ƒugi no jô na haku to £uzuri no taikei ga seiri£u site iru.

ta ti tu te to tj_u

ta ti tu te to tju

da di du de do dj_u

da di du de do dju

ţa Ùi ţu ţe ţo Ùa Ùu Ùe Ùo

£a £i £u £e £o £ja £ju £je £jo

dza Ãi dzu dze dzo Ãa Ãu Ãe Ão

za zi zu ze zo zja zju zje zjo

Kuőrei-siki o osu hitobito no taikei to kurabe, haruka ni kiősei no toreta £uzuri no taikei to natte iru. Mata sore wa haku no taikei ni mo ga££i site iru. Sono tame kiwamete manabi jasuku, mata £jokkaő ni mo uttaeru. Ôku no hito wa ta-gjô no huta£u no siiő oőso no kakiwake o sitte sae ireba, tokuni osierarenakute mo korera no £uzuri no jomi ga wakaru no de wa nai ka (Kuőrei-siki o sizi suru hitobito no aő de wa sô wa ikanai). Sore dokoro ka jomi o kiita dake de £uzuri ga tadasiku mi£ibiki-daseru no de wa nai ka. Kono hjô wa atarasii haku no dônjû ni ôziru daőrjoku-sei ga Siő-Nihoő-siki ni aru koto o hakkiri simesite iru. Hjô ni wa mu££u no akima ga aru ga, kore ni £uite mo ôku no hito wa tokuni osierarenakute mo i££i site sorera o umeru koto ga dekiru no de wa nai darô ka. Neő no tame ni simesu to,

tj_{a t}j_{e t}j_{o d}j_{a d}j_{e d}j_o

tja tje tjo dja dje djo

to £uzuru hazu de aru. Gairai-oő no haku ni sinajaka ni taiô dekiru to juu teő de Siő-Nihoő-siki wa Kuőrei-siki ni kurabete utagai mo naku sugurete iru.

Kono hoka ni, jahari ta-gjô no haku to jukari no hukai ツィ [ţi] o dô kaku beki ka kaőgaete mijô. Ue no hjô o mireba wakaru jô ni ツィ[ţi] to juu haku no tame no akima wa nai. チ £i [Ùi] ga husaide iru. スィ [si] to ズィ（ヅィ）[zi] no tame no akima mo nai. Sorezore シ si [Si] to ジ（ヂ） zi [Ãi] ga husaide iru. Sono tame korera no haku wa, ue de nobeta akima o umeru haku to kuraberu to Nihoőgo ni tei£aku sinikui haku de aru [5, pp. 151-152]. Korera no haku ga Nihoőgo ni hairikomi nikui rijû o kono jô ni akiraka ni site kureta koto o wareware wa Hattori ni kaősya sinakereba naranai. ツィ [ţi] to juu haku ni taisite Kuőrei-siki o sizi suru hitobito ga dono jô na teiaő o site iru ka sirabe ga £uite inai ga, mosi kana no £uzuri o nazoru to juu jarikata de £uzuru no nara twi to naru de arô.

ツィ[ţi] → tui → twi Hattori wa, twi ga

ア : イ = ツァ : ツィ

a : i = ţa : ţi

a : i = twa : twi

to juu suiroő kara kaőgae-dasareta to site iru [5, p. 213].

ツィ[ţi] wa mata ティ[ti] to onazi £uzuri no t′ito ajamatte

£uzu-rareru koto ga okori eru. ツ [ţu] o tu to £uzuru no da kara [ţi] wa

ti to £uzuritaku naru ga,

ţu : ţi = tu : X

X = ti

sikasi, ti wa [Ùi] de arukara, [ţi] wa t′_{i to kakeru no de wa nai ka,}

to juu utagai ga umare eru kara de aru.  ′ _{ ga boiő no eikyô o}

tomeru mono de aru no da kara.

Tokorode ツィ[ţi] no dakuoő ヅィ（ズィ）[dzi] wa dono jô ni £uzuru no ga ii darô ka? ツィ to onaziku ヅィ（ズィ） kara zwi o hippatte kuru no de arô ka?

ヅィ[dzi] → zui → zwi

Soretomo boiő kara no eikjô o tomeru  ′ _{ o £ukatte z}′_{i to suru no}

de arô ka?

zi[Ãi] → z′i[dzi]

Kuőrei-siki no taikei kara sureba izure ni mo soőzai suru keőri ga aru. Soredokoro ka dwi to juu £uzuri sae mo keőri o sju£jô si kanenai. Onazi koto wa スィ [si] ni £uite mo atehamaru. swi to subeki ka,

スィ [si] → sui → swi aruiwa s′_{i to subeki ka?}

si [Si] → s′i [si]

Kono jô ni onazi haku ni taisite huta£u no £uzuri ga narabita£i eru no wa sore o jurusu taikei ni kekkaő ga aru kara de aru.

シ チ ジ・ヂ ティ ディ ツィ ズィ・ヅィ スィ

Si Ùi Ãi ti di ţi dzi si

Hattori wa sa-gjô no シ si [Si] to kube£u suru tame ni スィ [si] o ³i to £uzuru jô teiaő site iru [5, p. 212]. Kono dakuoő ズィ（ヅィ）[dzi] wa tôzeő zi to naru. ツィ [ţi] wa korera to heikô-teki ni £i to kaku hoka nai. Hito£u kimereba nokori huta£u wa zidôteki ni kimaru. Saki ni nobeta jô ni korera no haku no simeru beki akima wa nai. Kono atarasii haku no tame ni Hattori wa atarasii zibo o £ukuru hi£ujô ga atta. ³i, zi, £i wa haku no taikei no sukima [5, p152] ni sinobikoőda haku de aru.

シ チ ジ・ヂ ティ ディ ツィ ズィ・ヅィ スィ

Si Ùi Ãi ti di ţi dzi si

si £i zi ti di £i zi ³i

6 Kuőrei-siki no hataő to jo£u-gana moődai no

saisjû-teki kaike£u

Kuőrei-siki no kekkaő wa gairaioő nado no haku ni umaku taiô dekinai koto ni aru dake de wa nai. ƒugi no taőgo o kaőgaete mijô: waruzie, kozu£umi, £ikazika, £unezune, kakezjawaő. Kuőrei-siki de kono jô na taőgo o £uzurô to suru to hômutta hazu no di, du, dy-ga hukka£u suru kanôsei dy-ga aru. Kaki-te ta£i ni cugi no jô na nisja-takui£u no majoi ga umareru kara de aru.14

tie { waruzie warudie tutumi { kozutumi kodutumi tikai { tikazika tikadika tune { tunezune tunedune tyawan { kakezyawan kakedyawan

Nazenara, ue no jô na keitai-roő-teki kôtai ni deau to, kaki-te ta£i wa

t → z/_i, u, ya, yu, yo

sunawa£i i, u, ya, yu, yo no mae de t o z ni kakikaeru to juu kisoku o sitte ite mo,

ta→ inada, teru→ hideri, to→ amado, takai → takadaka

14_{Heboő-siki wa £i → zi no kôtai ni kaősite wa moődai ga okoranai. chie → warujie to}

hito-tôri ni sadamaru. Sikasi £u → zu no kôtai de wa majoi o umu.

tsutsumi

{ _kozutsumi kodzutsumi

nado ni mirareru jô na

t→ d

no kakikae ni hikizurarete, ka£u,

saku→ osozaki no sakura

ni mirareru

s→ z

to juu kakikae no keősei [5, p. 211] o ukete (s ga z ni kakikaerareru koto ni cjûi ga itte, t o z ni kakikaeru koto ga jokusei sarete), sara ni, £uzuri no taikei ni di, du, dj- ga simeru beki akima ga aru tame,

di, du, dj- to juu £uzuri ga kaőtaő ni hukka£u suru kara de aru.

Hattori wa kore o taikei ga kowareru [5, p. 211] to hjôsite iru. Mata,

yonde wa dame→

{

yonzya dame yondya dame

ni mirareru majoi mo umareru de arô. Naze nara,

kaite wa dame→ kaitya dame

to juu tehoő ga aru kara,

t : ty = d :X X = dy

to juu ruisui (analogy) ga okiru kara de aru [5, p. 211].

Kono jô na koto ga naze okoru no ka to ieba, 50-oő-zu ni sitagatte haku no £uzuri o kimeta kara de aru.

ta, ti, tu, te, to, tya, tyu, tyo

wa

ta te to

ˇ

ci ˇcu cja ˇˇ cju ˇcjo

aruiwa

ta ti tu te to tja tju tjo

no 2-gjô ni wakenakereba naranai ta-gjô o, 50-oő-zu no tôri 1-gjô no mama ni site oite, kikai-teki ni sono haku o £uzutta mono ni hokanaranai.

Siő-Nihoő-siki ni sitagau nara ue de nobeta majoi wa subete hussjoku sareru. £ ni wa z igai ni kôtai suru aite ga inai kara de aru.

ˇ

c→ z

ˇ

cie→ waruzie, cuˇˇ cumi→ kozuˇcumi, ˇcika(i)→ ˇcikazika

ˇ

cune→ ˇcunezune, cjawaőˇ → kakezjawaő

Mata Siő-Nihoő-siki de wa jondja dame to kaki-ajamaru koto wa nai. Naze nara, dja ga [dj_{a] o simesite [Ãa] o simesanai kara de aru.}

Sarani mata,

kaite wa dame→ kaiˇcja dame

to juu tehoő ga aru kara

t : ˇcj = d :X X = zj

to juu ruisui ga okoru koto to nari,

joőde wa dame → joőzja dame to £uzuru hoka nai kara de aru.

Kuőrei-siki wa kana to juu kodai ni £ukurareta oőse£u-mozi no kubiki kara kaőzeő ni tokarete wa inakatta no de aru. Nihoőgo no oő ni £jûzi£u na no de wa naku, 50-oő-zu ni £jûzi£u datta to ieru.

Siő-Nihoő-siki ni wa kisoku o tatete, okori uru seisjohô kara i£u-da£u sita £uzuri o osaekomu to juu koto ga nai. Majoi no ne o tatte iru kara de aru. Kô site iwajuru jo£ugana moődai16 _wa

Siő-Nihoő-siki £uzuri-kata ni oite hazimete, kaőzeő ni kaike£u sareta no de aru.

15_{Neő no tame kono 2-gjô no jomi o simesu.}

ta ti tu te to tj_{a t}j_{u t}j_o

ţa Ùi ţu ţe ţo Ùa Ùu Ùo

References

[1] Tatuoka Hirosi. Rômazi: Rômazibun no kakikata. Nippon-no-Rômazi-Sya, 1999.

[2] 国語学会. 国語学辞典. 東京堂出版, 1955/1966.

[3] 田丸卓郎. ローマ字文の研究. 日本のローマ字社, 1920/1981. [4] 服部四郎. 言語学の方法. 岩波書店, 1960.