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プレストレスト鉄筋コンクリート曲げ部材内部のひびわれ状況に関する実験的研究 : その2.部材内部のひびわれ特性について

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(1)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

tst

g}

UDC:624.012.46

JoumaL

of

StructuTal

and

Constructibn

Engineering

(Transactions

of

AIJ)

No,365,

July,

1986

H"eN\AptinthkcaXvaEM

eg

365

g・meip

61

f7fi

EXPERIMENTAL

STUDY

ON

INTERNAL

CRACKING

OF

PARTIALLY

PRESTRESSED

CONCRETE

FLEXURAL

MEMBERS

Part

2

:

Internal

ctacking

characteristics

by

KAZUO

SUZUKI',

YOSHITERU

OHNO"

and

SOMCHAI

SRISOMPONG"'",

Members

of

A.

I.

J.

1.

introduction

The

authors

have

previously

reported anewly

deyeloped

investigation

technique

for

internal

cracking of concrete

flexural

members

in

which

ink

andlor

epoxy

resin are used as

injecting

materials

in

Part

1

[

1

]

,

The

technique

was

termed

"double

injection

technique".

The

results of examination

indicated

that

ink

and resin can

be

injected

together

in

the

same・specimen

to

obtain

not

only

internal

cracking

patterns

but

also sizes of

the

cracks

directly.

In

this

paper,

results of

investigation

on

internal

cracking of reinforced concrete

(RC),

prestressed

concrete

(PC)

and

partially

prestressed

con'crete

(PPC)

beams

by

means of

"double

injection

technique"

are reperted,

The

test

variabLes were

type

of member,

types

of

reinforcing

and

prestressing

steels and size of aggregate.

Internal

cracking

characteristics,

for

instances,

interior

cracking

pattern,

sizes

and

inteTior

conditions of

primary

cracks, conditions of cracks

in

grout

and

the

separation

phenomenon

between

the

reinforcing steel and concrete etc. , are

discussed.

2.

Test

Program

2.1

Test

Specimens

and

Materials

The

test

program

outlined

in

Table

1

was

subdivided

into

three

series.

Test

beams

consisted of

totally

thirteen

f-i2-1

ti2-

Fi2--1

115

Rc

hole

ppc

PC

Fig.1

Sectional

details

of test

beams

1

(unit:cm)

ReinforcingPrestressingsteelMeximum

iBeammark

steelType

L,

Type

AoP2{kgf!cm)aggregatesize(mm)

1-8-H・RC-1PC-1

Dt9-

-Smoethbar .2000

le10

almPPC.1

D19

Smoothbar1060

to

LFpt1

PPC-2

D19

Smoothbar

1060

s

is?pC-3

pt19

Smoothbar

1330

10

'aPPC-4

D19

Smeothbar

1310

10

8PPC-5

D19

Smeethbar

1310

20

i

PPC-R

D19

Smoothbar

950

10 oPPC-D

D19

DeformedBar920

10

8

?pc-s

'

D19

Strand

930

10

'cppc-s.D19

Strand.

la2o

10

Uuapc-s

-

Strand

2700

10

pc-s-

.

Strand

2700

le

Fig.2

Details

fo

deformed

bar

D19

{unit:mrn)

*

Prefessor

of

Osaka

Universitv,

DT,Eng.

i*

Research

Associate

of

Osaka

University

S*'

Graduate

Student

of

Osaka

University

<Manuscript

reeeived

September

9, 19g5)

(2)

-9-Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

in

the

test

Beams

were

unloaded,

splitted and cut

by

the

same

procedure

as

described

in

Part

1

[

1

].

The

diagram

of cutting

is

shown

in

Fig.

3,

After

splitting, sheath contained with

grout

ancl

prestressing

steel was removed

from

the

concrete

and

cut

longitudinally

into

two

equal

parts

with a

diamond

saw.

Then

prestressing

steel

was removed

from

the

grout

to

observe

the

conditions

in

the

recess

.part.

Inspection

of cracks were

done

with

40

times

magnification

micrascope

in

various spots

(see

During

the

test,

changes

in

surface ciack widths

in

various

cutting

etc.

, were measured

in

6rder

to

check

the

c

the

same way as

in

tests

described

in

Part1.

3.

Test

Results

and

Considerations

3.1

Internal

Cracking

Pattern

General

patterns

of

internal

cracking after removal o

5.

The

hatched

areas represent

areas

of separation

between'reinf

prestressing

steel

and

grout.

Fig,

4

shows

internal

cracking

pattern

of

beams

in

Series

1.

explained

by

Goto

[4],

[5]

can

be

seen.

RC-1

and

PPC-1

were similar

in

their

numbers, whereas

in

constant mornent span.

The

tise

RC

and

PPC

beams.

Fig.

4

also

shows

the

internal

cracking

pattern

of

beams

in

S

bar

in

beam

PPC-3

nor around sheath

in

any

beam,

pieces

of

RC,

PC

and

.PPC

types,

Test

variables

dgsignated

in'

Series

l,

2

and

3

were

type

of

beam,

type

of reinforcing steel and size of aggregate,

and

type

of

prestressing

steel,' respectively.

Beam

cross section was

12

by

25cm

rectangular and

the

length

was

20ocm.

The

sectional

details

of specimens are shown

in

Fig.1.

High-early-strength

portland

ceinent, river sand and crushed stone were used

for

concrete.

Waterlcement

ratio was

O.

55.

For

grout,.

Pozzlith

No.8

of

O.

25,%

and aluminum

powdgr

of

O,

O05

%

of'cement

by

weight, were mixed with cement

paste

with

waterlcement

ratio of

O.

45.

Riyer

sand whigh

has

maiimum size of

5

mm and

cTushed

stones with maximum

sizes

of

10

and

2o

mm were used as aggregates

for

the

concrete.

The

compressive strength of concrete at

the

time

of

beam

test

were

312-370

kgflcrnl..

Those

of

grout

in

the

first

two

series

and

Series

3

were

290-370

and

410-510

kgflcm2,

respectively,

Deformed

bar

D

19

and

round

bar

ip

19

were used

for

reinforcement.

Fig.

2

shows

the

details

of

reinforcing

.bars

D19.

Types

of

prestressing

steel used were smooth round

bar,

deformed

bar

and

'

'

'

seven-wire

strand

of

11,

11

and

11,

1

mm

nominal

diarneters,

respectively.

Spiral

sheath with

inner

diameterof

23

mm

'

was

used

The

fabrication

of

injection

system was

the

same

as

in

the

tests

described

in

Part

1

[

1

].

The

initial

prestressing

force

was

6

tons

equally

in

PC

and

PPC

beams

except

two

beams

with

S*

mark.

Seven-wire

strands were

directly

embedded

in

concrete

in

these

two

beams

witheut

prestressing

in

order

to

simulate

pretensioned

beams.

Since

cracks

in

concrete members relate

directly

not with

the

real stress a.

but

the・increment

of steei stress

from

the

decompression

Aa.

(as

discussed

in

References

2

and

3),

the

increment

of

stiess

was controlled.

Internal

cracking

was

inspected

at

the

increment

of

2

OOO

kgffcm2

of steel stress.

However,

in

beam

PC-S

and

PC-S*,

the

target

value

for

the

increment

had

been

exceedecl

at

cracking

due

to

the

smaller sectional area of

the

seven-wire strand.

In

the

calculation ef

increment

of stress of reinforcing and

prestressing

steels,

not

only

loss

of

prestressing

force

but

also

the

compressive

force

in

the

reinforcing steel caused

by

creep

and

shrinkage of concrete were

taken

into

account

2.2

Loading,

Injection

and

Inspection

・,

Beams

were set up

as

simply-supported

type

and monotonously

loaded

at

the

third

points

of

60

cm

constant moment span.

The

:a :a Ta

double

injection

technique

proposed

in

Partl

[1]

was applied

i

'

i

i

'

i

i

:

p..

A,B

1

1・

l

1ttttt

-ttttt

l

'i

laRC

P.

9.

AB

l

i

1

l

c.g

h'

AIBI--・o--....t...

i

'i

:a :a PC

PPC

Fig.3

Diagiam

of cb prct c't.ijZ"Crack . Mensured point cuttmg

Fig.3).

sifages,

i.e/

, afteT resin

injection,

unloading

arid

hange

in

internal

cracking

by

using contact

type

strairi

gauges

in

'

f

reinforcing and

prestressing

steels are shown

in

Figs

4,

orcing steel and concrete, sheath and concrete,andand

InteTnal

gracks

originated

from

lugs

of

deformed

bar

as

There

was no

intemal

crack around

the

sheath.

Primary

cracks

in

beam

beam

PC-1,

only a

pair

of

primary

cracks

formed

in

the

of

deformed

reinfercing steel was very

.effective

to

distribute

primary

cracks

both

in

eries

2.

Internal

crack

did

not

form

around

the

round

The

number of

primary

cracks

in

beam

PPC-3

were much smaller

(3)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

.F

toadingpoint

:MEZ:L-.

TM

iPrimary

crack

Internal

crack5

'Intenor

'

ofgTout・1' H

'

1N

4

A-i-

'

1

Separatian

Ii

area !i 1Ufl

1

1'

pa1NUpt8Q'

-Hblco

Steelrecess

r

1

m'4Urun1-11

Y8m

1

[

d

at1Utum n1Umfl

?xm

-m+Umpm

rDading'pomt

F

Inter

±orofgreutt'1

/'Pruna:ycrackSheathxecess/1:

'''''tttr''''

''ii''''

u

eparrationam

G!

1'

'''i''''

/t'tttt

t

t

ttt'''

t

''

Internalcrack

ts

'

i

'

1

,1,,,/,JIir':tt'

'

'

I

Steelrecess

w l'

tt

' um 1 k

ge,

gg/

m

'

M

: ene setof priJnarv cracks propagated from both side faces

M

i dne setof primury cracks propagated from both side fapes of thgtm and did mot

join

w±th each other of the tm and did rDt

join

with each other

Fig.4

Internal

cfacking

pattem

of

beams

in

Series1

and

2

Fig.5

Internal

cracking

pattern

of

bearns

in

Series3

than

in

the

others.

In

beam

PPC-2

of sand・cement mortar

(maximum

aggregate size

:

5mm),

shapes of

primary

cracks were rather simple.

Hoviever,

in

beams

PPC-4

and

PPC-5

where aggregate of maximum sizes of

IO

and

20

mm respectively were used,

the

shapes of

primary

cracks were consequently

distorted

due

to

the

blockage

of

large

stone

particles.

Fig.6

(a),

{b}

and

(c)

show close-up views of

primary

cracks

in

beams

PPC-2,

PPC-4

and

PPC-5,

respectively.

Shape

of

primary

crack seemed

to

be

dominated

by

size of aggregate,

however,

the

number of cracks

did

not vary with size of aggregate,

Fig.5

shows

general

cracking

pattern

of

beams

in

Series3.

Internal

cracks

formation

in

this

series was

less

extensive

than

in

Series

1

and

2

because

of

the

lower

tugs

of

deformed

bar

in

this

series.

The

numbers of

primary

cracks

in

beams

PPC-R,

PPC-D

and

PPC-S

were very simiLar with one another, suggesting

that

there

was no effect

of

deformity

of

prestressing

steel upon

the

formation

of

prirnary

cracks.

Cracks

formation

depended

only on

deformed

'

reinforcing

bars.

Internal

crack

did

not

form

around sheath

in

spite oi

the

deformity

of sheath suiface

because

the

transmission

of

force

from

the

prestressing

steel

through

grout

and sheath

to

the

concrete was not

good

enough since

the

grout

cracked

in

a

large

number.

Pattern

of

cracks

in

beam

PC-S

resembled

that

of

beam

PC-1

in

Series

l.

Since

deformed

bars

were not used

the

distribution

of cracks

in

beams

PC-S

and

PC-S'

was

not

so

good

as

in

beams

of

PPC

type

and

therefore,

numbers of cracks were small and each crack was wide.

(4)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

Architectural Institute of Japan

The

ameunt of

internal

cracks

in

this

test

was

smaller

than

that

observed

in

Goto's

where

deformed

bars

of

larger

sizes

(D

32

and

D

51)

had

been

used.

This

is

because

the

height

of

lugs

of

deformed

bar

has

influence

upon

the

formation

of

internal

cracks as noted

by

Goto&Otsuka

[5].

.

3,2

Interior

Conditions

of

Primary

Cracks

'

The

internal

crack widths in

this

test

were

determined

by

measurement

ef

the

widths retained

by

hardened

resin.

'

'

(mm

aggregafe

size

:

Fig6(a)

Condition

of a

primary

crack

ch

'

5rrm)

'

from

horizontal

section

b-b

ef

beam

PPC-2

Ckmcrete

side

faoe

t. '

ge

¢

19

bar

`}iii

y.'

.f,

recess

ttttS,i.:,.;.

o;'

.,

p'1'q・i/t'

'

Crack

branch

Stone

partiele

'

Prirrury

crack

'

'

'

-t

ttt

'

.:

--

12-Fig.6(b>Condition

ofaggregate

size

:

IO

rnm)

a

primary

crack

frem

horizontal

section

SeparatiQrJ

atea

'

bJb

of

beam

PPC-4

Cumt

:

mm)

(5)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute ofJapan

'

'

'

(Maxiinum

aggregate

size

:

20

rnm)

Fig.6{c)

Condition

of a

primary

crack

from

yertical section a-a of

beam

PPC-s

(unit:

mm)

The

narrowest width of crack which resin could

penetrate

wqs approximately

O.

OOs

mm similarly

to

that

in

Part

1

[1],

Fig.7

(a)

shows widths of

primary

cracks

and

their

changes

from

the

tension

faces

of

beams

to

the

steels

in

the

vertical sections a-a

(see

Fig.

3J

of

beams

in

Series

1.

Large

decrease

in

width

ef

primary

cracks

at

steel

surface

in

beams

RC-1

and

PPC-1

was observed, whereas,

in

beam

PC-1,

the

same

character

was not observed.

Fig.

7

(b)

shows widths of

primary

cracks

in

hQrizontal

sections

b-b

and c-c

(see

Fig.3)

of

the

same

beams

shown

in

Fig・7

o

RiSectinn

trb

-

craelt "dthtmm)[ SeCti%C-C

-.i

ii

.S,

ii,.III.lili.,,:.,,.-,Sil,

.m:,---2

]o

.r,i

:'

oL2:ts:.ke":.Li,,i-zt]

:o

Flg.

7

(a)

Widths

and

interior

condition of

primary

Fig.

7

(b)

Widlhs

and

interior

cendition of

prirnary

cTacks at

cracks at vertical section

(a-a)

of

beams

horizontal

sectiDn

(b-b

and c-e) of

beams

RC-1,

RC-1,

PPC-1

and

PC-1

PPC-1

andPC-1

(6)

-13-Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

12SEEieo-c,2

7sth

l

,,

it

,,・.n ls

1

o

Sectlon

a-a

Sineath

stLeei

:

O.l Crdck,

Fig.8

eo・

Section

b-b

Crack width

(mm)

O.i

O,2

O.3 D

-K.g-,

O.2 O.3 O.4 Wicch

(rm)

Widths

and

interior

con

oEg 24

g,,E

!4e

1-

24

Sectlon

orc

lt

,,

i,,

g.

5o'.ny 25

T--Steel

V

DO.1

dition

of = O..2 O.] Crack width

primary

cTacks

in

beam

O

O.l O.2 rr

"Sheath

eCrtm)PPC-3

--O.1

O.2

(a),

The

decrease

in

width of

primary

crack

from

the

surface

of

concrete

to

steel was observed at

the

reinforcing steel

level

(section

b-b)

as

forrnerly

stated

by

Got6

&

Otsuka

[5]

,

Husain

&

Ferguson

[

6

]

and

ILIston

&

Stevens

[

7

].

Whereas,

at

the

prestressing

steel

level

(section

c-c>,

since

internal

crack

did

not

form

around sheath

there

was no

'

'

'

such

deciease.

Fig.

8

shows widths of

pTiTnary

cracks

of

beam

PPC-3

reinforced

with round

bar

¢

19.

Since

internal

crack

did

not

form

around

the

round

bar

and

sheath,

the

decrease

in

width of

p[imary

cracks

in

horizontal

sections

b-b

and

c-c

could not

be

observed.

Widths

of

cracks

in

this

beam

were wider

than

those

observed

in

the

others,

for

instance,

the

widths at steel surface were approximately

O.

2

mm which was much wider

than

in

the

beam

reinforced with

deformed

bar

D

19.

These

characteristics

suggest

that

the,foimation

of

internal

cracks and

branching

behavior

of

the

primary

cracks

have

much

influence

to

reduce widths of

primary

cracks as

they

propagate

to,reach

the

bar

surface.

In

this

stucly when

defermed

bar

D

19

wqs

used

the

widths of

primary

cracks at

the

bar

surface were

independent

of

those

at

the

beam

side

face

at

the

same

level;

and were mostly na'rrower

than

o.osmm.

Fig.

9

shows widths of

primary

cracks

in

beams

of

Series

3

in

which

different

types

of

prestressing

steel were used.

The

decrease

in

width of

the

primary

cracks

from

the

concrete surface

to

the

D

19

deformed

bar

particularly

in

the

horizontal

sections could

be

confirmed

to

exist and agreed with

each

other very well.

It

is

unlikely

that

the

deformity

of

prestressing

steel surface

influence

the

widths of

pripary

cracks,

Cranston

&

Spiers

[

6

]

performed'test

on a' reinforced concrete

prism'

subjected

to

pule

tension

iri

order

to

obse[ve

/

the

internal

cracking

phenomenon,

After

loading

and

unloading

they

cut

away

the

concrete

close

to

the

bar.

Then

the

'

'

specimen was

'reloaded

to

the

same strain

to

reopen

th'e

cracks

for

photography.

Fig,10shows

sketch

froin

the

CoNteltsuFdi[e

gIOO

E.

,,,:S 50gs !os:t i5 o O,1 erack whlth[mm) Section a-a

Fig.9

Effect

of

prest[essing

condition ef

ptlmaiy

a[aelt width [ff[n) O O,1 n r 2SEi 5pg'S. 5o

gzs:.

o

-SteelL o steelcrack L O.1CIack width (rm) Sectiontub type and

interior

in

beams

of

Series3

'

o・zapm

Fjg.10

Widths

and

interier

conditien

'ofa

primary

erack

investigated-by

Cranston

&

Spiers,

Courtesy,

A,W.

Beeby

[6]

(7)

-14-Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

photograph

(Courtesy.

A.

W,

Beeby

[

6

]

),

in

which

the

width of

primary

crack

decreases

from

the

concrete surface

towards

the

steel surface and

the

crack appears

discontinuous.

Based

on

their

wo;ks and some others'

Beeby

gave

a

comment

that

prirnary

crack

was

discontinuous,

In

the

authors' case, since

the

"double

injection

technique"

was applied,

primary

cracks were seen

to

be

continuous along

the

length,

Figs.

6

(a)N(c)

show some examples

of

primary

cracks

observed

in

sections a-a and

b-b.

The

test

results

indicated

that

the

"interior

continuity" of

primary

cracks

is

most

likely

to

exist.

In

case of

Cranston

&

Spiers,

there

might

have

been

parts

of narrow cracks,

linking

the

wider and visible ones.

And

since any erack

dyeing

technique

was not employed, such

linking

parts

could not

be

noticed.

'

The

interior

¢ontinuity of

primary

cracks

defined

in

this

test

could

lead

to

a consideration

that

primary

cracks might allow

the

corrosive atmosphere

to

be

in

contact with

the

embedded

reinforcement

in

due

time.

3.3

Cracks

in

Grout

Results

of observation on cracks

in

grout

were also shown

in

the

illustrations

of

Figs.4,

and

5.

Some

were se narrow

that

resin could not

penetrate.

However,

since

both

ink

and resin were

injected

together

in

the

same specimen,・the overall

formation

of cracks

in

grout

was

observable.

Fig.4

shows

that

in

Series

1,

cracks

in

grout

concentrated

at

the

locatibn

of

primary

cracks and

have

larger

sizes

in

those

vicinities

than

elsewhere

along

the

bending

span.

'

Fig.

4

also shows

that

there

were numerous

cracks

in

grout

in

bearns

in

Series

2.

This

is

because

when

the

number of

primary

cracks

increased,

number

of

cracks

in

grout

also

increased

and

these

cracks were

distributed

likewise

to

all over

the

span.

It

is

unlikely

that

type

of reinforcing steel and size of aggregate

influence

the

occurrence

and

pattern

of cracks

in

grout.

In

beam

PPC-3

Teinforced with round reinforcing

bar,

widths of

primary

cracks and cracks

in

grout

were

large$t

arnong

the

test

beams,

At

the

Iocation

where width of

ptimary

crack

on concrete surface

(at

the

level

of

prestressing

steel)

was about

O.

21

mm,

that

of crack

in

the

grout

was about

O.

05

mm.

In

other

beams,

where widths

of

primary

cracks at,the same

level

were about

O.

1

mm,

those

of cracks

in

gtout

were

O.

035

rhm.

Largercracks

seemed

to

be

crowded

in

the

vicinities of

primary

cracks.

These

results suggest

that

there

must

be

some relationships

between

widths of

primary

cracks and

those

of cracks

in

grout

in

the

same

location.

Fig.

5

shows

that

the

number

of cracks

in

grout

was smallest

in

beam

of.round

prestressing

bar,

larger

in

beam

ef

deformed

bai

and

laTgest

in

the

one of seven-wire strand.

The

amount

of cracks

iri

grout

in

which not only

ink

but

also resin could

penetrate,

enabling

the

crack width measurement were

in

the

rates of

'approximately

100,

90

and

80

percent

in

beams

of round

prestressing

bar

(PPC-R),

deformed

bar

{PPC-D)

and seven wire strand

(PPC-S),

respectively.

And

the

average

crack

widths were

O.

023,

o.

o15

and

O,

O13

mm, respectively.

This

suggests

that

the

deformity

of

prestressing

steel

surface

have

much

influence

upori

the

formation

of cracks

in

grout.

Photo

1

shows acrack

in

grout

which was about

O.

045

mm

in

width and represents a

typical

feature

of

the

shape of almost straight and

no

branches.

There

was no

decrease

in

width

for

tliese

cracks

from

sheath

inner

surface

to

the

prestressing

steel

surface.

Widths

of cracks

in

grout

observed

in

this

test

neverexceeded

O.

05

mrn.

It

is

reasonable

that

the

use of

prestressing

steels of other,sizes

than

the

ones used

in

this

test

may alter

the

above mentioned value

3.4

Phenomenon

of

Separations

'

The

separations were observed

in

three

areas:at

the

reinforcing steellconcrete, sheath!concrete and

prestressing

steellgrout

interfaces.

iliustrations

of

Figs.4

and

5

by

the

hatched

areas on

the

reinforcing steel,

These

areas represent

the

staining of resin seen as clear cut

boundaries,

The

was considered as

the

significant area of separation

in

this

study,

Observecl

results

from

Series

1

indicate

that

at

the

same magnitude of

Aa..

interface

similarly occurred

in

beams

PPC-1

and

RC-l.

This

is

cracks

in

these

beams

were very similar with one another.

Average

lengths

of separation at reinforcing steellconcrete

interface

in

Photq1

A

crack

in

grout

en

fult

length

{unit:mm)

The

extent of separation was atso shown

in

sheath and

prestressing

steel recesses.

staining area of resin over

that

of

ink

seperation at reinforcing steellcencrete

because

the

patterns

of

internal

cracks

and

primaTy

beams

PPC-2,

-4

and

-5

ef

Series

2

were

(8)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

Fig.

11

Idealized

diagram

of cracks,

force

components and separation

between

concrete and Teinforcing steel

'

46.

7,

35.

2

and

42,

2

mm, respectively.

These

values suggest

that

sizes

of

aggregate

do

not

influence

the

phenomenon

of separation.

Although

widths of

primary

cracks

in

beam

PPC-3

reinforced with round

bar

were

totaily

wider

than

those

in

beam

PPC-2

reinforced

with

deformed

bar,

the

extents of separation were about

the

same.

Moreover,

calculation of

lateral

deformation

of reinforcing

bar

showed

that

the

total

shprtening of

rbe

diameter

was approximately

O.

O06

rnm

when

Aale

was

2

OOO

kgffcmZ.

However.

the

major

thickness

of some

over-coated

parts

of

resin

peeled

off

from

surface of

deformed

bars

at

the

separation areas were

approximately

O.

Ol-O.

075

mm much

thicker

than

'

the

calculated value of

lateral

deformatipn,

Tbese,;esults

suggest

that

the

separation

is

caused not only

by

the

lateral

deformation

and strain recovery of concret,e near

the

cTack as

previously

suggested

by

Kamiyama

[8],

[9].

The

movement

of

concrete

along.the

inclined

faces

of

lugs

of

the

deformed

bar

and

the

formation

of

internal

Assumptions

over

the

movement of concrete along

the

inclined

[IO].

Fig.

1]

shows an

idealized

diagram

which

closely

explains

Separation

at sheathlconcrete

interface

eccurred where

primary

Seseparation

in

this

area.

The

separation was more extensive

in

beam

PC

magnitude of

Aob

in

bearn

PC-S.

Some

undesirable

gaps

might

extensively

in

between

the

wires

in

beam

PC

as noted

by

Schupack

and

O'Neil

[11],

[12].

In

beams

PPC-S'

and separation

occurred

where

primaJy

cracks

propagated

to

reach

the

The

lengths

of separation occurred at

primary

cracks observed

in

th

cracks

at

the

beam

side

faces.

Data

of cr,ack wi

gauges

placed

on

the

side

faces

at reinforcing steel

level..

The

:e

separation

are seen

to

correlate almost

diregtly

with wi.dths of

'

The

separations

in

areas such

as

at

reinforcing

steelfconcrete

with

the

primary

crack may,

in

the

long

run,

promote

moisture and oxygen

to

pass

towards

the

steels,

4.

Conclusiens

The

main results

pbtained

from

the

qualitative

-16-Photo.2

Sepaiation

steellgrout IOO

E

eos'g Eoitzz 40tssS 20s o

aTea at

the

prestressing

interface

. ee

oeo--1

Pcotoo

o o -% og-o

s

e

ehsgl

%o

O e Beans ln Part O, Beal:sln thLs1paper' oFig.12 o.1 C:aelc width at

SuTface

craek ef separation e.2 D.3 bean stde taoe (rm) width versus

length

,ciacks

may also,

be

considered as

the

causes.

Iugs

were once

given

by

Lutz

&

Gergely

the

phenomenon.

cracks

propagated

to

reach

the

sheath surface,

paration

at

prestressing

steellgrout

inte[face

occurred

at each crack

in

grout.

Photo

2

shows a

typical

shape of

-S

than

in

beam

PPC-S

because

of

the

larger

have

allo.wed

the

injected

resin

to

penetrate

-S

possibly

because

parts

of

the

wires surface were uncovered with

grout

PC-S'

with

diregt-ernbedded

strancls,

the

strands.

is

study were

plottecl

against widths of

the

dths

used

heie

were obtained

from

measurement of contact

type

strain

lati6nships

are

shown

in

Fig..12

in

which

lengths

of

priTnary

craQk at

the

concrete surface.

and sheathfconcrete which were

found

to

connect

t.he

penetration

of

depa.ssivation

fronts

[13]-[l5],

allowing

In

the

absence

of

either

of

thqse,

corrosion will not

in

general

occur,

(9)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

ArchitecturalInstitute of Japan

1.

Intemal

cracks

formed

around

the

lugs

of

D

19

bar

in

larger

amount

than

that

of

the

primary

cracks.

Their

widths were

less

than

O.

05

mm.

These

c[acks

did

not

form

around

the

round reinforcing

bar

and sheath.

The

arnount of

internal

cracks

was smaller

than

that

observed

in

Goto's

test

where

larger

bars

were

used.

2.

Primary

cracks

in

beam

of

5

mm maximum-size aggregate were almost straight

from

concrete surface

to

the

reinforcement.

When

10

and

20

mm maximum size aggregates were used

the

shapes of

primary

cracks were

gradually

distorted

bttt

the

"interior

continuity" along

the

lengths

of

primary

cracks

from

the

concrete surface

to

the

reinforcing

bar

existed.

3.

When

deformed

bar

D

19

was used, widths of

primary

cracks at

the

bar

surface were

independent

of

those

at

the

bearn

surface, and were considerably reduced

to

less

than

O.

05

mm

due

to

their

branching

and occurrence of

internal

cracks.

Widths

of

primary

cracks at sheath

and

round

baT

surfaces

were

not

considerably

reduced

because

of

non-existence of

the

internal

cracks

4.

Cracks

in

grout

formed

in

larger

number

than

the

primary

cracks

in

concrete,

The

amount of cracks

in

grout

was smallest

in

beams

of round

prestressing

bar

and

larger

in

beams

of

deformed

bar

and seven-wire strand, respectively.

Their

widths were mostly

narrower

than

O.05

mm.

5.

The

separation at Teinforcing steellconcrete, sheathlconcrete and

piestressing

steellgrout

interfaces

were

ebserved

to

accompany

each

primavy

crack which

propagated

to

intersect

the

steel and sheath.

Extent

of each separation at

the

reinforcing

steellcencrete

interface

correlatecl

directly

with

the

width of

the

primary

crack

at

the

beam

surface

References

1)

Suzuki,

K.,

Ohno,

Y.

and

Srisompong,

S.

:Experlmental

Study

on

Internal

Cracking

of

Partia]ly

PiestTessed

Concrete

Flexural

Members

(Partl),

Trans.

of

AIJ,

1985.

2)

Suzuki,

K.

and

Qhno,

Y.

:

Study

on

the

Cr'ack

Width

of

Partially

Prestressed

Concrete

Flexural

Members

CPart

l).

Trans.

of

AIJ,

No.

3e3,

May.

1981

"n

Japanese).

3)

Suzuki,,

K.

and

Ohno,

Y.

:

Rapid

Evaluation

of

Crack

Width

of

Partial}y

Prestiessed

Cencrete

Members,

International

Symposium,

Nonlinearity

and

Continuity

in

Prestressed

Concrete,

WateTloo,

Canada,

Jul.

1983.

4)

Goto,

Y.

:

Cracks

Formed

in

Concrete

areund

Deformed

Tension

Bars,

Jour.

of

ACI,

Vol.68,

Apr.

1971.

5)

Goto,

Y.

, and

Otsuka,

K.

:

Experimentai

Studies

on

Cracks

Formed

in

Concrete

Around

Deformed

Tension

Bars,

Proc.

JSCE

No.294,

Feb.

I980

"n

Japanese).

6)

Beeby,

A.,

W.

:Concrete

in

the

Oceans.

Report

No.1Cement

&

Concrete

Associatien,

1978.

7)

I;lston,

J,M.,

and

Stevens,

R.F.:Ieternal

Cracking,

Concrete,

Jul.

1972.

8)

Kamiyama,

S.,

Hisamatsu,

M.

and

Ozawa,

S.

:

Crack

and

Exposed-Length

of

Reinforcement

in

Reinforced

Concrete,

Review

of the

Eighteenth

General

Meeting,

The

Cement

Association

of

Japan,

1964,

pp.524-526

{in

japanese).

9)

Kamiyama,

S.

:

Rust

of

Reinforcing

Bar

in

Cencrete,

Cement

&

Cencrete,

No.3e8,

Oct.1972,

Cin

Japanese).

IO)

Lutz,

L.A.

and

Gergely,

P.

,

:

Mechanics

of

Bond

and

SLip

of

Deformed

Bars

in

ConcTete,

Jour.

of

ACI

No.64-62,

Nov.

]967,

pp.711-721.

Il)

Schupack,

M.

,

:

Behavior

of

20

I]ost-Tensioned

Test

Beams

Subject

to

up

to

2

200

Cycles

of

Freezing

and

Thawing

in

the

Tidal

Zone

at

Treat

IsLand,

Maine,

Perforrnance

of

Concrete

in

Marine

Environment,

I'ublication

SPL65,

ACI,

1980.

]2)

Schupack,

M.

:

Giouting

of

Post-Tensiening

Tendons,

Civil

Engineering,

ASCE,

Mar,1978,

]3)

Sharp,

J.V.

and

Pullar-Strecker,

P.

:

The

United

Kingdom

Concrete-in-the-Oeeans

Preg[am,

SP-65,

ACI,

1980,

l4)

ACI

Cemmittee224

:

Centrol

of

Cracking

in

Cenciete

Structures,

Con'crete

International,

ACI,

Oct.

1980.

Is)

Szilard,

R.

:

CorTesion

and

Ce[rosion

Protection

of

Tendons

in

Prestressed

Concrete

Bridges,

Jour.

of

ACI,

No.

66-5,

Jan.

1969.

17

(10)

Architectural Institute of Japan

NII-Electronic Library Service

Arohiteotural エnstitute  of  Japan

 

1

UDG ;

624

012

46 目本建 築 学 会 構 造系 論文 報 告 集 第

365

昭和

51

7

レ ス トレ ス ト

鉄 筋

部 材 内 部

わ れ

状況

関す

実験的

究 (

梗 概 )

そ の

2

. 部材 内部

の ひ

び わ れ

特 性

つ い

正 会 員 正 会 員 正 会 員

鈴    木  

計  

   

   

   

* *

イ ・

リ T

ソ ン

ン* **

 

1.

  筆 者

らは

前 報

その

11

い て コ ン ク

ト構 造 部

材 内 部

で の ひびわ れ

状 況 を 調

べ る

手 段

と して

の ひ

わ れ

ンク と

樹 脂

入 し,

部 材 内

の ひ

わ れパ タ

ンお よ

わ れの

部 材 内 部

での

幅 を 同

で き る

double

 

injection

 

technique

方 法

した。

 

今 回

その

によっ て コ ンク リ

トはり

部 材

の ひびわ れ

況 を 調べ た

実 験

ははり部

の タ

イ プ (

鉄 筋

コ ンク リ

レ ス トレ ス トコンク リ

レ ス トレ ス ト

鉄筋

コ ンク リ

それ ぞ れ

RC ,

PC ,

 

PRC

略 記

 

PC

種 類 (

丸 棒

異 形 棒 鋼

7

本 よ

線 )

骨 材

き さで

鉄 筋

異 形 棒 鋼

の ほ かに

比 較

の た

部 丸 鋼 を用

主 な観 察 項 目

コ ン ク

ト内部

の ひびわ れ

状 況

引 張 域 を横 断

する

わ れの コ ンク リ

内 部

での

形 状

幅 )

ラ ウ ト

内 部

の ひ

わ れの

状 況

と その

お よ

び鉄 筋

や シ

ス と コ ン ク リ

ト との 間 お よ び

PC

鋼 材

ラ ウ トとの

の は

現象

で あ る。

 

2.

実験概

 

2.

1

験 体

 実

1

す よ う に

RC ,

 

PRC ,

 

PC

の 比

っ た シ リ

1

異 形

棒 鋼

の 比

お よ び

き さの

響 を

調

た シ リ

2,

お よ び

PC

鋼 材

の種

因 子

と し た シ

3

か ら なり

は り

試 験 体

総 数

13

であ る

はり

試 験 体

の 形

は図

1

に示 す よ うに

12

×

25cm

長 方 形 断 面

さは

200

 cm で あ る

粗 骨

に は

最 大 粒 径

10mm

20

 

mm

石 を 用 いた

1

骨 材 粒 径

5mm

の は モ ル タル で

グ ラ ウ トは

水 セ

メ ン ト

45

% の セ メ ン トペ

ス トである

は り

試 験 時

の コ ン ク リ

トの 圧

縮 強 度

3

2

370

 ホ 大 阪 大 学  教 授

大 阪 大 学  助 手

工 修 鼬 富 阪大学  大 学 院 生   (昭和

60

9

9

日原 稿 受理

1

kgf

cm2 で

り,

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18

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NII-Electronic Library Service

Arohiteotural エnstitute  of  Japan

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Fig. 11 Idealized diagram of cracks, force components and separation between               concrete and Teinforcing steel

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