高所回避傾向尺度（HAT）の妥当性についての検討
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(3) ῍῍. Validity of the inventory for testing a height avoidance tendency (HAT) Yasuaki H6<6, Kiyoshi IH=>>, and Keiichiro THJ?> University of Human Environments῍, and Nagoya University῍῍. This study examined the validity of the newly devised inventory for testing a height avoidance tendency (HAT). The inventory tested two aspects of avoidance: approaching a height, and looking down from a height. The participants were divided into high and low avoidance groups on the basis of their HAT scores, and their skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded during exposure to video clips of heights. The total, and some componential, HAT scores were positively correlated with self-rated intensities of the fear of heights, whilst there was no significant correlation with the trait scores of the STAI (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory). Significantly more SCRs were obtained for the high avoidance group than for the low avoidance group in responses to the videos. These results successfully demonstrated that the HAT was valid for selecting participants with a high tendency to avoid heights, and suggested that the test would be a useful tool for investigating the development and mode of spatial emotions evoked through perceptual and cognitive processes. Key words : fear of height, Height Avoidance Tendency Inventory (HAT), skin conductance response. ῐ . K L!MN
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(12) ¹ºj)*. 110. » 29 ¼. »2½. Table 1. Three factors of height fear obtained with Height Avoidance Tendency Inventory (HAT). Questionnaire was given in Japanese. Factor. Situation. Visual height. Window-side at the 30th floor of building Ys 30 % Veranda at the tenth floor of building Ys 10 Window-side at the glassed observation tower &% Inside of the fence at rooftop of five-storied building 5 Ys' Gondola of Ferris wheel at the top position K(¡¢3 £¤. Risk of falling. Sca#old at the tenth level of constructing spot Ys¥_¦k 10 §k Narrow bridge with no parapet ¨7 '©'ª Edge of the sheer cli# « <¬ Outside of the fence at rooftop of five-storied building 5 Ysg Top of a tall tree '). Daily experience. Pace of staircase in the school ®¯ Curbstone of the sidewalk *+°± ~m²³t Top of chutes in the park ´µ7O ¶ Gentle rise in the road ·¢ Top of desk at the studyroom ,"¸. AQ
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(155) "8q% HAT )-(( . ῌ῏῎῍ American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edition), text revision; DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. v2rVs tuvwvx} (2002). DSM-IV-TR yz{ | }~ } (2000). AByo Ib de¡o ¢ c£ st 71, 1῎8. Cohen, D. C. (1977). Comparisons of self-report and overt-behavioral procedures for assessing acrophobia. Behavior Therapy, 8, 17῎23. Emmelkamp, P. M. G., Bruynzeel, M., Drost, L., & van der Mast, C. A. P. G. (2001). Virtual Reality Treatment in Acrophobia: A Comparison with Exposure in Vivo. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4, 335῎339. Globisch, J., Hamm, A, O., Esteves, F., & »hman, O A. (1999). Fear appears fast: Temporal course of startle reflex potentiation in animal fearful subjects. Psychophysiology, 36, 66῎75. ¤¥ (2005). 2'KL_L %,- : ῍2X?@3 ABCYZ"῍ go 14ῌ15ῌ16 L¦ststoHW~ §NB> Y&`8%D¨=st῍ stst oH¨ l῍© vst ª «r} 41῎51. ¬® (2005). 2'KL_ Lho l go 14ῌ15ῌ16 L¦sts toHW~ §NB> Y&`8%D¨ =st῍ stst oH¨ l῍© vst ª «r} 17῎39. Menzies, R. G., & Parker, L. (2001). The origins of height fear: An evaluation of neoconditioning explanations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 39, 185῎199. fg¯
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(157) 8 (2002). 2. =.F´ ῍¡ µ¶·p¸¢¹ =p¸῍ £X º ¤ 66 '` ¥ ¦ 857. North, M. M., North, S. M., & Coble, J. R. (1997). Virtual reality therapy: An e#ective treatment for psychological disorders. In G. Riva (Ed.), Virtual reality in neuro-psycho-physiology. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Ios Press, pp. 59῎70. »hman, O A., & Mineka, S. (2001). Fears, phobias, and preparedness: Toward an evolved module of fear and fear conditioning. Psychological Review, 108, 483῎522..
(158) STLM K `amnopq, (HAT) %9sg uv »hman, O A., & Soares, J. J. (1994). “Unconscious anxiety”: Phobic responses to masked stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 231῎240. Poulton, R., Menzies, R. G., Langley, J., & Silva, P. A. (1998). Evidence for a non-associative model of the acquisition of a fear of heights. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 537῎544. (1981). STATE-TRAIT ANXIETY INVENTORY
(159) 29, 62῎67. Spielberger, C. D. (1983). State trait anxiety inventory. CA, USA: MindGarden. !" (2005). #$%&'() * 14ῌ15ῌ16 +. 117. ,- ./0 1234 5#$%&' 67 (89:;<=>? ῍@A (BC 1D> EF῍G HIJK !" 9῎15. !"LM NOPQRSTUVOP WXYZ[\]^_! (2004). `abcd9efg hijk<&' l%῍`amnopq,rstu v῍ wxyz 53 my8I{|} 19. Wolpe, J., & Lang, P. J. (1964). A fear survey schedule for use in behavior therapy. Behavior Research and Therapy, 2, 27῎30. ῍20108.8 ~ 2010.9.11 ~῍.
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