V2現象のミニマリスト流分析
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(2) . 2巻 第2号 北海道教育大学紀要 (人文科学・社会科学編) 第5 ) Vo l 52 i i i i ences i aI Sc es and soc ty ofEducat ImaIdt Jowmalof Ho曲山d on (Ht .2 ‐ o Univets , No. A. i Minimal ist‐style Analys s of the. V2. 平 成 14 年 2 月 Febm 鑓y , 2002. Phenomenon. NONAKA Kei霊o i i s iけ ofEdu {盟t on Depamヒment ofBng l i s製 Kusbiro Camnpus , Hol霞aido Uh ver. V2現象のミ ニマリス ト流分析. 野. 中. 慶. 子. 北海道教育大学釧路校英語科教育研究室. ion 1.lntroduct. c languages 血 a The Pu工Pose of thi 1mani s to am組yze the V2 Phenomenon 無 Ger s PaPer i S )seem to work in i th what symtact c Pi江ameter( mi 1山鴎副ist style so that we might come uP Wi i l 市山g a di scussion of the Problem of di ingU t dshmg Germamc langt s lages 丑om one another , nc u i i 筆 i t 1NFL” Ph主ase structure i l the ”sP1 i i 1 1 ives and the issue of how use s l 1mPty exP1et cens .I g e ) d i W紅1 61st atte -asy嗣ロmet c頭 V2 contrast between German and 1nethcal ]mPt to account 節r the sy立1 b d t ddi Dutch on one hand and Yi odm- s (1992) sh and lcelaは・dic on the other , maimy ase on smI 1 L is ana ys ‐. l i S立l i l鑓ers (1994) ana ce V s of the V2 phenomenon that maimly discusses the 魚cts of ys d iね is ー口紅 hyPothes ion, whi 1celandi ー ch cannot ad▽ocate the sPht s based on CP‐recurs ci , an s ce 1 sz ヒロ todヒ ) analysis of the V2 that handles the 魚cts of Yiddish cam straight角rvvar(虹y be 1992 uュ s( ist dl ike to Present a l i 〔 l to the minimal ‐style account of tra nd l”mal ework, l wo可ー st 昼aml に 1 1slated a ー i t can be the V2 phenomenon in Germaばi lロ s an司ysi s so that i c languages based on santo雑 ible Wi th the comPat. M比山中al i st Pro鱒am. i i口g some symtact (M[P) (M mr c antz l995), exP1or. fi i ≠ 1 bl l i so do iねg 串erences among them. 1 l Ln the di ai :y to exP1 Parameters necessa1 ,the Pro em o lcens g ‐ hyPothes is are addressed・ 1 NFL▼ ー 1 dness ofthe ”sP1 i ives and the usef tl emPty exP1et. D [ tudy . Background forthe S. We can. 1 ly divide the Germ 細dc languages into two types ‐e ‐ general ,1 , ) German and Dutch l.
(3) . NONAKA Ke造○. (and maimand Scandinavian). i i on one hand whi ch represents asym metr c V2 ( ch .e . , whi. dbi t e幻b. lauses j = Pate clauses) and 2 the V2 phenomenon in root c ) Yidd i sh and lcelandic , but notin subord , ther whi on the o ch ch represents sym metric V2 (i .e ‐ , whi. l直通i t the V2 phenomenon both in e. lauses). For example cons ider the 免1 l ng stn.ctwres (S鑓ュtortni l992: matr宣 al .d embedded c oWi ,. ): 596. { 1 ). a, Auf dem. on. Wi ld der Jtmge e ine. Katze sehen,. way. w江1. cat. the. b. *Auf dem on. weg. the. ‘o th n e. the boy. Wァeg der Junge way. the. boy. that on the. see. Wi ld. i ± l e e Katze sehen.. in wi. a. cat. see. ’ cat .. l l see a wi. way , the boy. c. *daβ auf dem. a. (German). Wird wi ld der Jtmge eine Katze sehen‐ i l l the boy way 病 r. cat. a. see. d‐ daB der Junge auf dem Weg e ine Katze sehen wi ld . that the boy on the way a cat see ‘ ’ h that on the way , t e boy W低l see a cat. ‘h ’ t at the boy 翼珪 1 l see a cat on the way.. 2 { } a. 0)愈 the on- b‐ *○登臨. veg. vet. マ頚. way マ veg. dos. dos. ” i l l r. 画Dgl zen a kats .. the boy. see. yingl vet zen. (Yiddi sh). a cat a kats .. the on-. 桝 〆 i 1 1 see a cat way the boy ‘0 th 1 l see a cat.’ n e way , the boy 病違. c. oyb. oyfn. veg vet. dos y j b ogl zen a kats ‐. the way マ マal the boy whether on- d. *oyb. oyfn. veg. dos. 兎ngl vet. the way the boy whether on-. wうm. see a cat zen a kats ‐ see. a cat. ’whether on the wa the bo 岡n l see a cat.▼ y y , ’whether the bo Wi ‐ l see a cat on the way. y l. (la) and (lb) show that V2. ( la ). r ix clauses in German‐ occmrs in mat. TI なe gram mat ical i ty of. 2a ) as well as the un 2b)indicate thatthe V2 is obl 瀧,d ( lb) and ( i l i igatow ty of( L ca grammat. in ma桜iX clauses in Ge i ty o f(ld) and the unー鱒ammati rmamc lan停ーages, But the gram matical -. a山好 of (lc ) ind i c cate that the V2. cannot oc cw. in embedded. clauses in German (and. Dut ch).. TI 1e 郡ammat i ) and the un,算am maticadity of(2d) 負 f(2c 1靴her suggest that the V2 seems ca員ty o igato j = Date clauses i even obl -γ in subord n. )( Yi ddi l i l though therei sh ( amdlce and c a s some evidence. ioned here whi ionaI V2in certa山 embedded complementclausesin Yi not ment ch supports opt d ‘ 近sh (Lowenstamm l977 as ci ted in San l not discuss because of the l卸o to武山 1992), whi i ted ch I Wu , fthi scope o s paper). リム.
(4) . l lys i A M肋o ima l i ty t s e Aむa s ofthe V2 Phenomenon s m. i 皿‐ Ana- s ys. Accor (五ng to sant i 3 c 辱やoloきげ cam be considered o立国 (1992) and V証ヒロer (1994), the Germa1 lows: as あ1. lce lam di 1五sh are considered to be symmetri lo豪1 og L c al ld Yid caI V to l movement , al. lement to be inselted in tねe l l 〉 the 粒ヒs te -Spec; whereas Germ 鉱 and Dutch asym met戦caI V to C movement lo同宿ng the 6 1 rst element to beinse靴ed in the CP-Spec ‐ , al. 1 Santoh i ion to tねe Germa i jnat ion l ies in a pa i d i fa l山 s solut E I 1 c V2 va コ ramet c di erence in where a. 1l ies in C, whereas i dd i strong 匡F] verbal 発atwre i s ch n Yi sh and . ln German and Dut , 唇F 1e problem Wi ies in l lce land ]l i 十F th her analysis is that there is only c ‐ TI ,{. one IP‐Spec and. ion of head‐government in whi that she uses the not i ch the Verb in l ass g コ ]s Case to tbe Subject , in tねe Spec of VP i inat ive Case i igned by a head contai niteness operator s ass lロロg tねe 61 , ‐e‐, Noロi. 【 1 十F s is ‐ Thi. loWing tぬe not 角1. M[ P , 恥r we. ion of head-gove・ t cau1not use the no rnment in the. Mi t山中a五st Progranl ‐. lnstead, there賞) i 1 国日 hypothes l i t i to Agrs and T, i ts i re ‐ 1 ch l spl l s ‐e ‐ , l adopt the spl , in whi , i l 幻P is spl i中le 賞 ti to Ag ly ) t Poss 1 rthe No口辻Pative Case to be usual rsP 棚コd TP , which also makesi igned or checked by T and Agr ln the M伊 i ass , t is possible 命r the head to assigp Case to the i f i C i ion, i t i i t elemL entin the spec er pos ‐assigner i s in the head pos on and the Case‐assignee ‐e . , ase in the spec i f i ion, whi t ible Wi P th the M[ er posi ch is compat ‐. Thus santo亘国’ lows: s pmrameter can be restated as あ1 ,. German刀Dutch Yiddi sh弧celan L雨c. [十鴎(strong V 発atwre) i s m C PF](strong V 緯atwe) i s in Agrs. m- 1) Root ‐Subordinate Asymrnet -γ. Let us 6 rst consider the root 1 -subordioate asym met ・d Dutch. 工n German and 1y of German a1 Dutch, where the V2 occwrs only in root clauses the あ1 l Pg stn・ctwre ごam be de直ved: oWi , CP. 〈 // \\. XP. CI. 〈. C. IP. l V. 3.
(5) . NONAKA Kej直o. (X ] P is. i t tuent in the Spec of so]me cons. CP; C is. a t rigger , 節r the. C is empty al ・d the. ) Ve雨 must move to the empty C, due to the ove鴎 movement triggered by C . ln subord j に Date clauses C i s ,. low the Verb 丘1 l th Comーplemen同区er ”that” ch does not al ed Wi , whi. i紙sed to the C as shown be1ow : to be r. m- 2 ) V2in German and Dutch. Let us now look at the V2in German us ing the example (la) in a. j五ed structute. mod. ln. the ma桜i x clauses (la):. ( ) on the way A. SP. g【 /〈\\ / \ // (Su ) b DP i A蝶 ミ - 久 \ // \ 叙gs P ;^ / \ //. Strong(十V). T (Cas ) e. Agr製P // \\\ // \\ (ob DP) Ag10. Su廟‐DP e oy. (A1 though the VO/OV order. m VP. V 文 / // . ob-DP. \ V. has been controvers ial (Eythorsson l996 93 , Zwz直 19 ,. Kip虹sky l ) i 996 ) uted scope ofthis paper s not di scussed here due to the ml . ‐ , ti , etc. As shown in ( 1a) i .副鵠 hyワ i j U D 0 that t 1a s - pothesi g回er . lc , T cauユ be a case-ass , adoptiねg the sp1 there is . lo TPーspe ic va ‐ ; F iat ion i b German (and . )ut c due to the pa u rametr ch)‐ T raises to A鱒rs.
(6) . l oal i iPim副i t ty A N1 - s ofthe V2 Phenomenon s s e Aj ys. t ca ts Ln be checked o性 i jectin the spe”Jp must raise to the Spec of AgrsP so thati and the Sub ts case 登om the Agrs ad ined Nominat ive Case 発a twe by A郡s adjoined by T, i jo ‐e . , check山g i. by T, under the spec‐head agreement (=Spec近er‐head A 郡eement)‐. t The un-聾am mat i i ty of (lc), i Ir in embedded clauses in German cal ‐ ,e , that the V2 caはIno occt. 1ed by the overt (or Dutch) shows that C ca・mot have a strong V 鎗at も l ie when C i s 61 , “ Complement izer ” that ‐. m- 3 ) V2 in Yi dd i sh and -celandic. Contrary to German and Dutch, l c laim that TP-Spec i lable 金r the Case Ass ignment s avai , in Yi lan山c 1控 raises to the spec dd i ts tin the spec‐ jec ‐TP in order to get i ld lce sh al . The Sub l Noロ1 iねat ive Case 定atu ] re checked o賃 be食) re Spel ‐out ‐ structwres. For i l ider the 賞) 1 1OW丘1 1 stance 1g , cons. (2c ):(The 危1 l ng tree has inco叩orated the 丘censing of empty expletive 加川 t c o病i ‐ ,e. ) 和r the sa Jにe oflater di ion in thi scuss s paper .. (Wi i l ng Eythorsson (1996), we adopt Diesiぬg1 th respect to the OV~←o valiation in Yidd s sh oWi , 角1. ( 1 99 4 ) proposal 和r derivmg smface OV. … S。まる. orders. をom. a. ) V0 base here‐. CP /^\\. \ , C / ‐ \ // 6 A溢sp. / \\ // \\ // PP A (on the way ). (whe ) the r. き s 十v ) tぷ書 / T. / //. (Case ). \\ \ A産op / \\ // \\ //. (ob j -DP). Agro. 又’. Sub j ‐DP e oy. / // V v (縄 s ) e e. \ ・ ob j. g g. 増z. ▼ ’is in the S ec of A 1sP 角r the a耽癒亙ary p印ヒ As shown above the PP ”on the way t ofthe p gビ , ,. ” raises overtly to A即s triggered by l 〕en Verb ヤバu ](s 十F t rong V 免ature) in the Agrs node. TI.
(7) . i由o NONAKA Ke. ive Case 発a七ule to iPat ts Noロl the Sub t ”the bor moves up to the TP-Spec in order to get i jec l l be checked o賃 be角re spe ‐out ‐. l 編 i m L h t the Verb o f Thus pty y raises to A卸ごs enables the e1 , the act t a. C to be always available. ” ) whi a i に os why the V2 can izer (“whether ch e xpl ed by the overt Complement al ,d to be mユ . , , etc ix and embedded clauses i th matr n occt建 in bo inted out that subordmate clause v2 po. 血. ) 1988 l Yi dd i or ( sh (and lcelandic). (Kroch and Tay. m Yiddish seems to occt壮. ject i s not only when the sub. ) lp, whi spec‐ s not discussed here ch i ‐. f head‐government in MP‐ i ioned bef As ment ore , there is no noton o. Fu に靴her in MP 1eねc縦. ly 加 配ected and the鱈 abstract morpholo淳cal f eatwes must be checked IPS) must be ful i tems (ト L 1 o i ion of the appropH t ate head, i ご . whi ch 角rce them to move to the Spec pos ‐e , Ag , , T, Agrs ,1 ‐head a1享eement under spec .. ion, to‐head relat The verbs must check the壮 絶atu こ res 血 a head-. ]m to move to the apPropriate heads rce the whi ch 長) .. h V b i the i ion in the tree t i ta 〕鴫如1 i h d 嘘 t Thus g 登om the lowest pos , when t e er n , n t e e va on s ” 通 h (2c) nlustrated above) moves to Agro Wi thinternal objects (i , omy t e aux ary . .e , a ca in “Wm” raises to Agro which enables the ob up to the Spec‐ t DP “a ca to move out of jec , l l s ‐out ive Case 免atwres cam be checked o性 be和re spe Ag ts Accusat . That i 1 oP so that i , the ご. 増. 婆. object DP must move out of. 仰 to the speoAgroP in order to have its Case 免atwres checked,. th the object i郡led or checked by Agro ul ‐head al享eement Wi ive Case i lder spec 角r Accusat . s ass lowed by Eq山di stance 四目s move ofthe object DP to the Spec‐AgroP is al ‐. t立ough T in the MP enables the sub ject DP to rai se to the ion, the verb movement t ln addi t. l ing shortest Move or Equidistamce sPec at -TP Without do ‐. fthe sp M[oreover the use負辻口ess o 1 1i l i 1口 t - s revealed ,. 血 tbe structu工e illus奴rated above‐. That. i lable i ions ava i f i t s l er pos iPg the 1NFL i L to Agt and T, we can increase the spec i i t t 1 ‐ A s , by spl ”Given a sp錠t lud旗Dg ies inc ib近t IP, there are more poss lq b匡a imsson et al ‐ , . (1996: xiv) note , fthe sub inc l ing the case t( jec ud movement (via Ag ro) t o T an山or to Agrs,“ As shovvn above ,i hi h th ive pm) i s in the spedrp and the Verb is in Agrs ofthe emp好 explet , t en we cam ac eve e i face order ofthe examples l sted above 1ばect s山ヒ co .. ives in9 Empty E×pl rV.l et cens ssue of Li. ” ly 1992:598) takes ”AGR to beinherent ives l i ln terms of” censmg the emp汐 explet , sモmto武山( ive al ion between nominat inct ld ive in lan罫lages that make an overt morphologi st cal di no出血at ” l that do not l ; rases ique case on f ヰ 1 l noun ph obl l ‐ , and neutra m angロages. 6. Hence , assuロロロg that.
(8) . i inima l i s ofthe V2 Phenomenon s e APal A 卦4 st ‐ tyl ys. t 幻国berent i i i ly di h ive in Germa am L c ly Nom 比ー ld lcel 1 0 Case in T i at n si 1herent , whle t s no , Yid山s , al. l ique on notm p加増se) in Dutch, l claim that the ive but is neutr須 (i No出 血at ‐e ‐ s”ロnar to ob low : ives can be stated as be ion あr empty explet i l lg condi t l i cens. ly Noロl iPat ive i ion where 白鴎herent t icensed atthe Case‐ass・g ives must be l 1凹むg pos 霊 mPty e×P1et Case can be assigぬed.. iVes i ion 節r emPty exP1et i = L t i s that they must i ioned be量) A cens 1立s l re g condi S ment L , Santod ” ives must be headーgoverned by a case‐ ・gQer be head-governed by a Case-ass pty exp.et ‐e ‐ , EmL ,1 ible Wi th the MP,in which the use of the ヒ ヒ ロ 1994:93), whi tod ch is not compat ,郡}er’ (San ass wi 1t iね h id d1 t thout ih め bi ted‐ Thus ion of head‐government i s Proむ亘 not , by stra g t rwar y ransa g er ea ion as stated above t lds such a condi ion of head‐government yie ing the not , where empty us ig口ee ive Case-ass ly Nol i i i f i t xロロat icensed in the Spec ives must be l on of the 印山erent er pos , explet d i d by i A .e. , grs a jo ne. lam dd i ch L甫c ld lce T 危r German, and T あr Yi sh al , Whi. cannot be done 免r. Dutch (aば・d modem maimand Scandina賓an langt Iages) here ‐. h 豊 id )1 次亘Pg structuエes: Thus , cons er t e 10. ( 3 ). a. dat. er戸g. that expl. b‐ at. detだg. that expl. c‐ daB. *es B/. that expl. gedanst. werd. danced. was. ble. danset. Was. danced. (Dutch). (No rwe淳an). getanzt. Murde (Germ鑓Q). danced. Was. ive Case i ly Nom趣ーat l l s assigned l ithe case of German, si As shown above,i ce the 出血erent. 山. h( D l観l ive in example (3c) cam be ucensed amdin the Spec of AgrsP, the empty e1中let , w e in utc lt i t h ince the Agr is neutral u oavian l im 鑓,d scamdi amgt ーages), s modern ma , t e empty exp e ve canno i di i C t l N mi t i l h h l the 3a) (andin (3b)) be 五censed n( , 和r t e m erenty o na ve ase s no ass 郡le , as i j に Pavian l s the reason why amgt Spec of Agrsp in Dutch (amd modern maimand Scand ーages)‐ 四誼s i Dutch Pattenュs wi th modern ma自国and Scandi血a覇ian languages. Fu u ご the. に ). m this respect‐. landi ider Yi d山sh al c examples : ld lce cons. a‐ oyb whether. ln. shtub. iz. ln. room. IS‐. g. varem W rm Wa. ‘ h th i s walm 無 the room w e er ti. ヮf.
(9) . i直o NONAKA Ke. b‐ *oyb. g. whether. IZ. Vare1m. m. shtub. IS. Warm. m. room. ‘ h th i i w e er t s warm in the room. (sant im ・989:51 ) 。r. ive is al lowe山 i As shovvn above f( 4a) i ca丘ty o s bo1ne out , the gram mat , 和r the emp好 explet ion 免r Yi 亙censed in the Spec‐TP, whi t ig国力g posi dd i ch is the Cas e ‐ass sh (and lcelandic), where ive Case i 団[herent ly Nominat s assi郡ュed. .. (4b) i ive i s mー cal because the empty explet gram mat. i f Agrsp, wh亘ch i dd 丘 s not a case‐ass occwrs at the spec o sh and lce1amd丘c‐ g回er あr Yi. lus ion V. Conc. l頭d be where We 血i i ingUdsh Germ 湖山c lamgt st lages wo ght conclude that the p削ぐameters to d ly no無inat iye i the s l疑ong V 危atwre i ther Ag s 1 s or T, al ld whether the Case in T i s in Lherent ぐ ,e l l as the problem f i l i ly account 節r the V2 phenomenon as we or neutral ch conve ent , both o whi i ing emp ofl cens lけ expletives ‐. References ‐ th ion al J t ゴ 直 and Diam・e Jonas, Subject posi ld the roles of TP ona an D. Bobaリ , L如卯 略飾c 加q“1”,. 27 ( 1996 l ) vo . . , 195-236 Mo l l sh y Diesing, Yiddi. W order alld the 鶴PPoloきけ of o胡ect shj先 in Germal頭c, 周α加 川Z Lα雄鶏αgB. 1994) αれd L如き鶏肉 霧c 刀膨o”, ( . i i izat i Thorha皿ur E陣horsson, F、 IDct ionaI Categodes ly t c on, and Verb, M[ ovement in the Ear , C1 S αZ 6窓 粥 Com力α7 Germa 1頭c Lanモ鶏ages imsson, S. D. α飾りe Cβ靭卿れた Syれ加席 丑, eds 1 . by H. 四牡a , Z秘 d h the Nether (1996) 109一 弱pstein a1 i lands ld s. Peter shers , K1uwer Academic Publ , Dor rec t , , , 139 . S S j総 to Head Pa lm Ki コe sb lni i副 V] Pin Germal山c t lけ, TI ‐ p額s , 加 燐 悌 Zれ Com少の聴煽りe Cの粥腸欄c γれ云伽 丑, eds iね and S. Peter ic p口bl ishers ゴ ビ ra立l sson, S. D. Epste l l 1 echt L .by 日. Tb , Bduwer Acade , Dord ,. 1996 l ) the Ne ther amds . ,( ,140一179 A口thony K℃och and Ann Taylor l ish: ovement in old and mid側ー e Bng , Verb 皿L. di副 l j ヒ iat ion ect va. 19 1( 1988) l t and lanモ犯age c ontac - ? γ,vo . . , “ 雄鶏禽≠た 為噂”≠ ,335一391 A 1ec Ma l i ; Z ’” α”α る誇れαiれg fれBo L コ rantz 1 st Ptol認a im, Goりの兜伽8 Qimg クツ αれα 緒形 ゐのれZm脇為に , The MG P郡部隙間, ed ) 1995 be lhuth l l( . by Ge靴 we . ,351一382 , B1acなWe Beat *ice s額ユ t o山国, Z脚 G伽釧αZ溺栃あれ ○ゾ “形 房eγb secoれα Co欄 加“れZ fれ. dd脳な 仇B 圧臨め7y oゾ 湾.. Ph‐ D. disse ion, U mvers i 1989 ) 〕nat fPennsy l j p da ( tγ o va . Beat i i i j b Date C1au ~ Z 1 r ce santod sh Subord l山, V幻iat on and Change in Yiddi u se ▽ ord oなder , 氏 研秘“αZ Lα復艶ぬgBαれαL加増“豪遊に 7力eoだy vol10 Bュuwer Acade i jshers ヨ ロ ヒecht lands 1 1 1 c P口bl , ‐ , , Do主( ,the Nether. ( 1992 ) . ,595-640.
(10) . i l l ty A M撞国ma i s ofthe V2 Phenomenon e APalys ‐ st s. landi i f ferences between lce lallt ies al i血i c and Yid盃sh, ”8γる 窺わ 膨 mgれち i iPi Beatr ld d ce santor , Some s i U i idge b id t Pe ss tem and D. Light免ot eds , Cambr , MA (1994), . by N. Homs , Cam r ge n vers y r 87一106 ‐ 叱ばれ8 Ce鰯脇 鰯C Sγれ菊鎚 丑, i誼 and S. Peter (eds gs l刀 Co コ暇Pα? i匝sson, S. D‐ Epste bra H. T1 ‐), SZ秘di ) <む h, the Ne l i the K1uwer Academic Publ ands (1996 r shers ‐ , Dor ec t 房 み 山幻りgm8 lauses 7鳩 eds Sten V逸遊er te verb movement in Scandinadan embedded c ‐ by , の , Fmi MA (1994), 117一148 U 卸 i t P C b id N. Homste i口 and D. 脳i ‐ ght角ot , Cambridge , , am r ge n ers y ress i ion, Univers ty of 刀脳たれ S〕卿加ば : A ル鰹欄 伽 郷ISZ APPmαcれ, Ph. D‐ di ssertat Jz ーWr outer Zwalt uロ ,. )‐ Gro国旗gen (1993. Appendix ives al j捻 f tra ject sh ld ob ln the ir at tempt to accowQt 角r the occuコ ulsi観ve explet 【Tence o. 出. t rP as a labi道ty of spec ik 鑓,d Jonas (1996) suggest that the avai ‐ aにe lcelandi l i c amgt ーages l , Bobal. 1 ℃ a pl口ase structmre‐ The fact t ial i ion ・ t - l s 免r the need 角r the sp丘 ject pos ch c副l s cmc sub , whi i t IP by ha巧 b og the subject that they spl. TP, 無 order to mainta無. m. al ower , yet st”l. s a sをmt L副ysi o豊山‐Dies無g an. w externaI Position, such as spec‐. Wi th V2in. 1 四日 Phrase structure i ー 〕 亘 the spl i l l us how usef t to te s ‐ 1 .. a. higher Pr ection does seem. 副 i i 1 l h 立 H [ s not owever , s ce t e Propos. ti i i ted scope of thi d宣ect 1y re1evant to mーy cu ent s I I I s assigロ江ー u ご Tent ana1ysis and due to the 1 ,i i not d scussed here .. (釧路校助教授). 9.
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タンクタンクタンク モバイル型Sr 除去装置 吸着塔 スキッド 計装制御 スキッド 計装制御装置 ウルトラフィルタ スキッド SSフィルタ
超音波 S/C壁面 厚さ 17mm 鋼板.
超音波 S/C壁面 厚さ 17mm 鋼板.
基盤C 基金 新規 井上 由起子 900,000. 基金 新規