Title 混練型WPCの物理的・機械的特性に及ぼす各種因子の影響(本文(Fulltext) ) Author(s) 村山, 和繁 Report No.(Doctoral Degree) 博士(農学) 甲第711号 Issue Date 2019-03-13 Type 博士論文 Version ETD URL http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/77947 ※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。
ΰ⦎ᆺ
WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩
ྛ✀ᅉᏊ䛾ᙳ㡪
2018
ᒱ㜧ᏛᏛ㝔㐃ྜ㎰Ꮫ◊✲⛉
⏕≀㈨※⛉Ꮫ
䠄㟼ᒸᏛ䠅
ᮧᒣ㻌 ⦾
ΰ⦎ᆺ
WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩
ྛ✀ᅉᏊ䛾ᙳ㡪
ᮧᒣ㻌 ⦾
┠ḟ ➨䠍❶㻌 ᗎㄽ 䠍䠊䠍㻌 ᗎㄽ 䠍䠊䠎㻌 ᪤ 䛾◊✲ ➨䠎❶㻌 ┦ᐜ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 䠎䠊䠍㻌 MAPP ≉ᛶ䛾ᙳ㡪䠄MAPP ῧຍ㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛾ሙྜ䠅 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠏㻌 せ 䠎䠊䠎㻌 MAPP ≉ᛶ䛾ᙳ㡪䠄MA 㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛾ሙྜ䠅 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠏㻌 せ 䠎䠊䠏㻌 ᮌ⢊䛸MAPP 䛾๓ΰ⦎䛾ᙳ㡪 䠎䠊䠏䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠎䠊䠏䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠎䠊䠏䠊䠏㻌 せ 䠎䠊䠐㻌 MAPP 䛸 PP 䛾๓ΰ⦎䛾ᙳ㡪 䠎䠊䠐䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠎䠊䠐䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠎䠊䠐䠊䠏㻌 せ 䠎䠊䠑㻌 MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛸䛭䛾ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛜䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 䠎䠊䠑䠊䠍㻌 ᳨ウᡭἲ 䠎䠊䠑䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ
䠎䠊䠑䠊䠏㻌 せ ➨䠏❶㻌 䝣䜱䝷䞊䛜ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 䠏䠊䠍㻌 ‵ᘧ⢊○ᮌ⢊䛜䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 䠏䠊䠍䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠏䠊䠍䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠏䠊䠍䠊䠏㻌 せ 䠏䠊䠎㻌 CNF 䛸ᮌ⢊䛾ే⏝䛜䛘䜛ᙳ㡪 䠏䠊䠎䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠏䠊䠎䠊䠎⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠏䠊䠎䠊䠏㻌 せ ➨䠐❶㻌 ⥲ᣓ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ㅰ㎡ Summary ᴫせ
➨䠍❶㻌 ᗎㄽ 䠍䠊䠍㻌 ᗎㄽ ᮌᮦ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽」ྜᮦᩱ䠄ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC䠅䛿ᮌ⢊䛺䛹䛾䝸䜾䝜䝉䝹䝻䞊䝇⣔䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䝬䝖 䝸䝑䜽䝇䛸䛺䜛⇕ྍረᛶ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛻ᑡ㔞䛾ῧຍ䜢ຍ䛘䚸⁐⼥ΰ⦎䛧䛶〇㐀䛥䜜䜛」ྜ ᮦᩱ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᮌᮦ䛸䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽᪉䛾≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴ᮦᩱ䛸䛧䛶䚸㏆ᖺὀ┠䜢㞟䜑䛶䛔䜛
䠄Klyosove 2007; Kim and Pal 2010; Ndiaye and Tidjani 2012䠅䚹䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛸ᮌᮦ䛾」ྜ
䛿1896 ᖺ䛻㣕⾜ᶵ⏝䛾䝅䞊䝖䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䛯䛸䛾グ㘓䠄Bledzki et al. 1995䠅䛜䛒䜚䚸ᡂᆺయ䛸
䛧䛶䛿 1916 ᖺ䛻⮬ື㌴䛾䝅䝣䝖䝜䝤䛻䝣䜵䝜䞊䝹ᶞ⬡䛸ᮌ⢊䛾㔠ᆺᡂᙧရ䛜⏝䛥䜜䛯䛸
䛾ሗ࿌䛜䛒䜛䠄Gordon 1988䠅䚹⇕ྍረᛶ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛸䛾」ྜᮦᩱ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸1975 ᖺ䛻䝫 䝸䝥䝻䝢䝺䞁䠄PP䠅䚸䝫䝸䜶䝏䝺䞁䠄PE䠅䚸䝫䝸䝇䝏䝺䞁䠄PS䠅䚸䝫䝸ሷ䝡䝙䝹䠄PVC䠅䛺䛹䛾ỗ⏝ 䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛸ᮌ⢊䜢ΰ䛬䚸ᑕฟᡂᆺ䜢⾜䛳䛯◊✲䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Klason et al. 1984䠅䛜䚸 1990 ᖺ௦䛻ධ䜛䜎䛷〇ရ䛻䛿⮳䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯䠄Gauthier et al. 1998; Abu-Sharkh and Hamid 2004; Li and Wolcott 2005䠅䚹ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭱ึ䛾〇ရ䛿 1992 ᖺ䛻⡿䛾䝰䞊䝡䝹䜿䝭䜹 䝹♫䛻䛶〇ရ䛥䜜䛯ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧ䜴䝑䝗䝕䝑䜻ᮦ䛷䛒䜚䚸᪥ᮏᅜෆ䛷䛾᭱ึ䛾〇ရ䛿 1993 ᖺ䛻䝭䝃䝽䝩䞊䝮䛻䛶 PVC 䛸ᮌ⢊䜢」ྜ䛧䛯䝕䝑䜻ᮦ䛷䛒䜛䠄Ώ㑓㻌 2012䠅䚹䛣䜜௨㝆䚸 ᵝ䚻䛺ᴗ䛷〇ရ䛜㐍䜑䜙䜜䚸Ḣᕞ䛻䛚䛡䜛䝞䜲䜸䜶䝁䝻䝆䞊䠄༑ᔒ 2017; ୕Ꮿ 2018䠅䛾ᾐ㏱䜔䝟䝸༠ᐃ䠄2015䠅䛺䛹䛻௦⾲䛥䜜䜛⎔ቃព㆑䛾㧗䜎䜚䚸䜶䜽䝇䝔䝸䜰䝕䝑䜻ᮦ䛸 䛧䛶ὶ䛷䛒䛳䛯 CCA ฎ⌮ᮌᮦ䛾つไ䛻䜘䜚䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾௦᭰ရ䛸䛧䛶䛾㟂せ䛜⇿Ⓨⓗ䛻ቑ
ຍ䛧䠄Yeh and Gupta 2010䠅䚸ᅜෆ䛷䜒 2010 ᖺ䛛䜙 2012 ᖺ䛾㛫䛻 40,000 䛛䜙 65,000 t 䛻⏕
⏘㔞䛜ᣑ䛧䛯䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Nova 2015䠅䚹ୡ⏺ⓗ䛺⏕⏘䛜㐍䜐䛻䛴䜜つ᱁䜒㐍䜏䚸
2004 ᖺ䛻 ASTM D7031䚸2006 ᖺ䛻 JIS A5741䚸2007 ᖺ䛻 CEN/TS15534䠄-1-3䠅䛜ᩚഛ䛥 䜜䚸2018 ᖺ䛻䛿᪥ᮏ䛾 JIS つ᱁䜢䝧䞊䝇䛻 ISO20819 䛜ไᐃ䛥䜜䛯䚹⌧ᅾ䜒䝕䝑䜻ᮦ䛜
䛺⏝㏵䛷䛿䛒䜛䛜䚸䛭䜜௨እ䛾⏝㏵䛷䜒ᣑ䛜ぢ㎸䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹Ḣᕞ䛷䛿ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾
㔞䛜ぢ㎸䜑䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Nova 2015䠅䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿ᚋ䜒⏝䛾ᣑ 䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䜛䛜䚸〇ရ䛥䜜䛶 30 ᖺ⛬ᗘ䛾ẚ㍑ⓗ᪂䛧䛔ᮦᩱ䛷䛒䜚䚸≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ 䛻ཬ䜌䛩⣲ᮦ䛾≉ᛶ䜔ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛸䛔䛳䛯ᵝ䚻䛺ᅉᏊ䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾᳨ウ䛿༑ศ䛷䛒 䜛䚹 ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿┦ᐜ䛸䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢ᅉᏊ䛸䛧䚸䛣䜜䜙䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ 䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹 ┦ᐜ䛿䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢⏝䛔䛯䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽」ྜᮦᩱ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒୍⯡ⓗ䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶 䛚䜚䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇㛫䛾⏺㠃᥋╔ຊ䜔䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ศᩓ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷」ྜᮦᩱ䛾 ≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛㔜せ䛺ῧຍ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾୰䛷 PP 䝧䞊䝇䛾」ྜᮦᩱ䛻䛿 ↓Ỉ䝬䝺䜲䞁㓟䠄MA䠅ኚᛶ PP䠄MAPP䠅䛜୍⯡ⓗ䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛾ᮦᩱ䛿 MA 䛾ኚᛶ 㔞䚸ศᏊ㔞䛜㔜せ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠄Arelaiz et al. 2005; Kim and Pal 2010䠅䛜䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾≉ᛶ䛜ΰ
⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛾᳨ウ䛿༑ศ䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP 䛿㏻ ᖖ䛿䝣䜱䝷䞊䜔䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇䛸୍ᣓ䛷ΰ⦎䛥䜜䜛䛜䛣䛾ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯ሙྜ䚸MAPP 䛸䝣䜱䝷䞊䛜 ☜ᐇ䛻ᛂ䛧䛶䛔䜛ಖド䛿䛺䛟䚸MAPP 䛸䝫䝸䝥䝻䝢䝺䞁䠄PP䠅䛜ᆒ୍䛻ศᩓ䛧䛶䛔䜛ಖド䜒 䛺䛔䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜙䛪䚸 MAPP 䛾ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛻䜘䛳䛶䛿 MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛾㐪䛔䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ 䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䜒ኚ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹ᮏㄽᩥ䛾➨䠎❶䛷䛿䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䜔ศᏊ㔞䛜␗䛺䜛 MAPP 䛸䛭䜜䜙䛸䛾ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛜␗䛺䜛ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾ྛ≉ᛶ䜢᭱㐺䛻䛩䜛┦ᐜ䛾≉ᛶ䜔ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䜢᫂☜䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸 䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾◊✲䛻䜘䜚䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᛶ⬟䜢䛣䜜䜎䛷௨ୖ䛻ྥୖ䛥䛫䚸䛥䜙䛺䜛⏝ᣑ䜢 ᅗ䜛䛯䜑䛾㔜せ䛺ᇶ♏䝕䞊䝍䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䚹➨䠍⠇䛷䛿䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䜔ศᏊ㔞䛜␗䛺䜛 MAPP䚸ᮌ⢊䚸PP 䜢୍ᣓ䛷ΰ⦎䛧䛶స〇䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧 䛯䚹➨䠎⠇䛷䛿➨䠍⠇䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ཷ䛡䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛 MA 㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻 MAPP 䛾ῧຍ㔞䜢ㄪᩚ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸MA 㔞
௨እ䛾≉ᛶ䚸≉䛻ศᏊ㔞䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹➨䠏⠇䛷䛿ᮌ⢊䛸 MAPP 䜢๓ΰ⦎䛧䚸䛭䛾ᚋ PP 䛸ΰ⦎䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䛯䚹 䛣䛾䚸MAPP 䛸ᮌ⢊䜢๓ΰ⦎䛧䛯ฎ⌮ᮌ⢊䛾⢏Ꮚ䝃䜲䝈䜔ᙧ≧䛺䛹䛾≉ᛶ䛜ኚ䛩䜛 ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢⪃䛘䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾≉ᛶ್䛾ホ౯䜒ྜ䜟䛫䛶⾜䛳䛯䚹➨䠐⠇䛷䛿MAPP 䛸 PP 䜢๓ΰ ⦎䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ᮌ⢊䛸ΰ⦎䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䚸MAPP 䛸 PP 䛾ΰ⦎≀䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾ΰ⦎≀䛸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 㛫 䛾㛵ಀ䜢☜䛛䜑䛯䚹➨䠑⠇䛷䛿䠍䚸䠏䚸䠐⠇䛷ᚓ䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢⏝䛔 䛶MAPP 䛾䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䜔ศᏊ㔞䛸䛭䛾ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜈䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢ໟᣓⓗ䛻᳨ ウ䛧䛯䚹 䝣䜱䝷䞊䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸䛭䛾✀㢮䚸 䝃䜲䝈䛚䜘䜃ᙧ≧䛜㔜せ䛻䛺䜛䚹ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䝣䜱䝷䞊䛿୍⯡ⓗ䛻 100-300 μm 䛾⢏Ꮚ䝃䜲䝈䜢ᣢ䛴ᮌ⢊䛜⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸㏆ᖺ䛷䛿䝘䝜䝃䜲䝈䛾䝉䝹䝻䞊䝇⣔䝣䜱䝷䞊䚸 䛔䜟䜖䜛䝉䝹䝻䞊䝇䝘䝜䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䠄CNF䠅䜢⏝䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾◊✲䜒ከᩘሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶
䛔䜛䠄Moreno and Saron 2017; Chakrabarty and Teramoto 2018䠅䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䝬䜲䜽䝻䛛䜙䝘䝜䝃
䜲䝈䛾䜸䞊䝎䞊䛻⮳䜛㐣⛬䛷⏕䛨䜛䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾䝃䜲䝈䜔ᙧ≧䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔ
ⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹䜎䛯䚸ᮌ⢊䜔ᮌ⧄⥔䛸䛔䛳䛯ᙧ≧䛾␗
䛺䜛䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢ྠ䛻ῧຍ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜
䛶䛔䜛䠄Salemane and Luyt 2006䠅䛜䚸䝘䝜䝃䜲䝈䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䝬䜲䜽䝻䝃䜲䝈䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢ྠ 䛻ῧຍ䛧䛯䛿☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾䝘䝜䜸䞊䝎䞊䚸䝉䝭䝘䝜䜸䞊䝎䞊䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢 ⏝䛩䜛◊✲䛿ୡ⏺ⓗ䛻⎔ቃ㓄៖ᆺᮦᩱ䛾⏝䛜᥎㐍䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䜢⫼ᬒ䛻䚸ᚋ䛥䜙 䛻㔜せ䛻䛺䜛䛣䛸䛿㛫㐪䛔䛺䛔䚹ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䝬䜲䜽䝻䛛䜙䝘䝜䝃䜲䝈䛾䜸䞊䝎䞊䛻⮳䜛㐣⛬ 䛷⏕䛨䜛ᮌ⢊䛚䜘䜃 CNF 䛸䝬䜲䜽䝻䝃䜲䝈ᮌ⢊䛾ే⏝䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾䝃䜲䝈䜔ᙧ≧䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔ ⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛾୍➃䜢ゎ᫂䛩䜛䛣䛸┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯䚹➨䠍⠇䛷䛿䝬䜲䜽䝻䛛䜙䝘䝜䝃䜲䝈䛾
䜸䞊䝎䞊䜢ᣢ䛴ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸 䛧䚸⢊○㛫 0-120 ศ䛾‵ᘧ⢊○䜢⾜䛔䚸䛭䛾ᚋ 2 ✀㢮䛾⇱᪉ἲ䠄⇕⇱䚸⤖⇱䠅 䛷⇱䛧䛯ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䛯䚹➨䠎⠇䛷䛿 CNF 䛸ᮌ⢊䛾ే⏝䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢ホ౯䛧䛯䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿 CNF 䛸ᮌ⢊䜢๓䛻ΰ⦎䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸CNF ⏤᮶䛾䝘䝜䝣䜱䝤䝸䝹ᵓ㐀䜢ᮌ⢊⾲㠃䛻ᣢ䛴 CNF ῧຍᮌ⢊䛜స〇ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛛᳨ウ䛧䚸䛣䜜䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿⾲㠃䛻䝣䜱䝤䝸䝹ᵓ㐀䜢ᣢ䛴ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿㏻ᖖ䛾ᮌ ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䜢ᣢ䛴䛸䛾᪤ 䛾◊✲䠄Isa et al. 2014䠅䜢 ཷ䛡䛶䚸CNF 䛸䛾ే⏝䛻䜘䜚䚸ྠᵝ䛾ຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛷䛝䜛䛛᳨ウ䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䚹 ᮏ◊✲䛿ᚋ䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾◊✲㛤Ⓨ䛻䛚䛔䛶ᴟ䜑䛶㔜せ䛺ᇶ♏ሗ䜢ᥦ౪䛩䜛䜒 䛾䛷䛒䜚䚸ᚋᵝ䚻䛺◊✲䛷⏝䛥䜜䜛䛸☜ಙ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹
䠍䠊䠎㻌 ᪤ 䛾◊✲ 䠍䠊䠎䠊䠍㻌 ᮏ⠇䛾ᵓᡂ ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᮌ㉁ཎᩱཬ䜃⇕ྍረᛶ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䜢ཎᩱ䛸䛧䠈䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽ᡂᙧ䛾ᡭ ἲ䛺䛹䛻䜘䛳䛶」ྜ䛧䛯ᮦᩱ䛸䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸ASTM D7031䠄2004䠅䛺䛹䛾ヨ㦂つ᱁䛻䛚䛔䛶 䜒⏝䛩䜛⣲ᮦ䜔ῧຍ䚸స〇ᡭἲ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾つᐃ䛿䛺䛔䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸㛵㐃䛩䜛◊✲䛿
ከᒱ䛻䜟䛯䜚䚸యⓗ䛺◊✲䛾ྲྀ䜚䜎䛸䜑䠄Wolcott and Englund 1999䠅䛻ຍ䛘䚸ᗫᲠ䝥
䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽ᮦ䛻╔┠䛧䛯◊✲䠄Najafi 2013䠅䚸⮬ື㌴㒊ရ䜈䛾⏝䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾◊✲䠄Koronis
et al. 2013䠅䚸䝟䝹䝥⧄⥔䜢⏝䛔䛯◊✲䠄Merten et al. 2017䠅䛻↔Ⅼ䜢䛒䛶䛯⥲ㄝ䜒ሗ࿌䛥䜜 䛶䛔䜛䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿䚸ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛾◊✲䛸㛵㐃䛩䜛⣲ᮦ䠄䝣䜱䝷䞊䚸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇ᶞ⬡䚸ῧຍ䠅䛚䜘
䜃స〇ᡭἲ䛾4 䛴䛻ู䛧䚸䛭䜜䜙䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛻
䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯᪤ 䛾◊✲䛻䛴䛔䛶⤂䛩䜛䚹
䠍䠊䠎䠊䠎㻌 䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ᙳ㡪
ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䜛ᮌ㉁ཎᩱ䛻䛿䚸ᮌ⢊䜔ᮌ⧄⥔䛸䛔䛳䛯ᮌᮏ⣔䛾䝣䜱
䝷䞊䠄Stark and Berger 1997; Stark and Rowlands 2003䠅䛰䛡䛷䛺䛟䚸㯞䜔➉䛺䛹䛾ⲡᮏ⣔ᮦ
ᩱ䠄䜰䜾䝻䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䠅䠄Chen et al. 1998; Mi et al. 1997; ྜ⏣㻌 2012; Valles-Rosales et al. 2016䠅
䛾◊✲䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹12 ✀㢮䛾䜰䜾䝻䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢
ᙉ䛥䛸ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾ᙉᗘ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯◊✲䛷䛿䚸㯞䜔䜶䞁㯏䛸䛔䛳䛯ᮦᩱ䜢⏝
䛔䛯ሙྜ䛿ᮌ⢊䛸ྠ➼௨ୖ䛾⿵ᙉຠᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Rowell et al. 1997䠅䚹 䜎䛯䚸᪂⪺⣬䜔䝟䞊䝔䜱䜽䝹䝪䞊䝗䚸MDF 䛸䛔䛳䛯ᮌ㉁䝪䞊䝗ᗫᮦ䛾䝸䝃䜲䜽䝹ᮦ⏝䜒ヨ 䜏䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸ᐇ⏝䛻㊊䜛ᙉᗘ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Woodhams et al. 1984; ఀ⸨ 2009; Najafi and Khademi-Eslam 2011; Binhussain and El-Tonsy 2013; Gozdecki et al. 2015䠅䚹 䛣䜜䜙䛾᳜≀ཎᩱ䛿䛭䛾✀㢮䛻䜘䜚䚸Ꮫᡂศ䜔⣽⬊䛾ᵓ㐀➼䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䚸䛭䜜䜙䛾
ᮌ⢊䛸䝟䝹䝥㢮䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛯◊✲䛷䛿䚸䝟䝹䝥㢮䜢⏝䛔
䛯䜋䛖䛜ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䜛䜘䜚㧗ᙉᗘ䛻䛺䛳䛯䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Han et al. 1989䠅䚹䛣䜜䛿ᮌᮦ ᡂศ䛾䛖䛱᭱䜒㧗䛔ᙉᗘ䜢ᣢ䛴䝉䝹䝻䞊䝇䛾ྜ䛜ከ䛔䛯䜑䛸⪃ᐹ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸ྠᵝ䛾ሗ ࿌䜒☜ㄆ䛷䛝䜛䠄Ashori and Nourbakhash 2010; Nourbakhsh et al. 2010䠅䚹୍᪉䚸䝸䜾䝙䞁䜢ྵ 䜐䛣䛸䛷Ỉᛶ䛾䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛸䛾㛫䛻Ꮫ⤖ྜ䛜⏕䛨䚸ᙉᗘ䜔⏺㠃䛫䜣᩿ຊ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䛸
ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Maldas and Kokta 1993; Huber and Mussig 2008; Merotte et al. 2018䠅䚹䛧䛛
䛧䚸⌧ᅾ䜒ᮌ㉁ཎᩱ䛾ᡂศ䛸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ㛫䛾᫂☜䛺㛵ಀᛶ䛿᫂䜙
䛛䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹
ᮌᮦ⏤᮶䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䛻╔┠䛧䛯◊✲䛷䛿䚸⡿䛷せ䛺ᗈⴥᶞ䚸㔪ⴥᶞ䛾ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛧
䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛜ㄪ䜉䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸㧗ᐦᗘ䚸㧗ᙉᗘ䛺䜸䞊䜽ᮦ䜢⏝
䛔䛯ሙྜ䚸䜘䜚㧗䛔ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Stark and Berger. 1997䠅䚹୍᪉䛷䚸䝫
䝥䝷ᮦ䛺䛹䛾పᐦᗘᮦ䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛜㧗ᙉᗘ䛻䛺䜛䛸䛾ሗ࿌䜒䛒䜛䠄Fabiyi and
McDonald 2010䠅䚹䛣䛾⌮⏤䛸䛧䛶䚸➹⪅䜙䛿䛾ᶞ✀䜘䜚䜒䝫䝥䝷ᮦ䛜䜘䜚䛝䛺ቨᏍ䜢ᣢ䛳 䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸ᶞ⬡䛸䛾⤡䜏ྜ䛔䛜ᐜ᫆䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸⪃ᐹ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹
䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾䝃䜲䝈䜔ᙧ≧䛻╔┠䛧䛶䜏䜛䛸䚸୍⯡ⓗ䛺ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻䛿⢏Ꮚ䝃䜲䝈
100-300 μm 䛻ㄪᩚ䛥䜜䛯ᮌ⢊䛜⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ఀ⸨ 2010; Ώ㑓 2012; Moreno and Saron 2017䠅䚹᪤ 䛾◊✲䛷䛿䚸⢏Ꮚ䝃䜲䝈 125-500 μm䚸125 μm ௨ୗ䚸150-425 μm 䛾ᮌ⢊䛜᭱ 䛾ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䜢♧䛩䛸ሗ࿌䠄Stark and Berger 1997; Leu et al. 2012; Ratanawilai et al. 2014䠅䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸ᮌ⢊䛾✀㢮䜔ᙧ≧䛻䜘䜚䚸⤖ᯝ䛿ᵝ䚻䛷䛒䜛䚹୍᪉䛷䚸ᘬ䛝ᙉᗘ䜔䝜䝑 䝏䛺䛧⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛿⢏Ꮚ䝃䜲䝈䛜ప䛔᮲௳䛷㧗䛔ᙉᗘ䛻䛺䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Stark and Berger 1997; Zimmermann et al. 2014䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸ᮌ⢊䛾ᙧ≧䜔䝃䜲䝈䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛖䛘䛷䚸⧄⥔ 䛾ᖜ䛸㛗䛥䛾ẚ䠄䜰䝇䝨䜽䝖ẚ䠅䛿㔜せ䛺せ⣲䛷䛒䜚䚸ྠ୍䝃䜲䝈䛾ᮌ⢊䛸ᮌ⧄⥔䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ
⦎ᆺ WPC䚸ள㯞⧄⥔䛸㯞⧄⥔䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛯ሙྜ䚸䛹䛱䜙䜒
Rowlands 2003; Merotte et al. 2018䠅䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸㧗䛔䜰䝇䝨䜽䝖ẚ䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸ప䛔䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢」 ྜ䛧䛶ሸ䛧䛯䜋䛖䛜㧗䛔ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜢♧䛩䛸䛾ሗ࿌䠄Salemane and Luyt 2006䠅䜒䛒䜚䚸䝣䜱䝷
䞊䛾䝃䜲䝈䛸ᙧ≧䛻䜘䜛ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䜈䛾ᙳ㡪䛿䜎䛰ᮍゎ᫂䛾Ⅼ䛜ከ䛔䚹 䜎䛯䚸䝘䝜䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾㐍ᒎ䛻క䛔䚸ᮌᮦ⧄⥔䜔䝟䝹䝥䜢ᶵᲔⓗ⢊○䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸CNF 䛾స〇䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䛳䛯䠄Kojima et al. 2013, 2014, 2016䠅䚹䛣䛾ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯ሙྜ䛿䚸⧄⥔䛾 ୍㒊䛜䝣䜱䝷䞊⾲㠃䛷䝘䝜䝣䜱䝤䝸䝹ᵓ㐀䛸䛺䛳䛯 CNF 䛸䛺䜛䛜䚸䛣䜜䛿䝘䝜ᵓ㐀䝣䜯䜲䝞䞊 䛸䜀䜜䠄㏆⸨㻌 2008䠅䚸ISO/TS 20477 䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒 CNF 䛾୍✀䛸䛧䛶グ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹CNF 䛿୍⯡ⓗ䛺⧄⥔䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸䛣䜜䜢⏝䛔䛯」 ྜᮦᩱ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾⥲ㄝ䜒ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Siró and Plackett 2010; Mondal 2018; Chakrabarty and Teramoto 2018䠅䚹CNF 䜈䛾⢊○䛾㐣⛬䛷⏕䛨䜛ᮌ⢊䛾ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯◊✲䛷䛿䚸⾲㠃 䛻䝬䜲䜽䝻䛛䜙䝉䝭䝘䝜䜸䞊䝎䞊䛾䝣䜱䝤䝸䝹ᵓ㐀䛜⏕䛨䛯ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛿㏻ᖖ 䛾ᮌ⢊䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䜢ᣢ䛴䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Isa et al. 2014; ఀ⸨ 2017䠅䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸䝬䜲䜽䝻䜸䞊䝎䞊䛾ᮌ⢊䛛䜙䝘䝜䜸䞊䝎䞊䛾 CNF 䛻⮳䜛㐣 ⛬䛷⏕䛨䜛ᮌ⢊䛾䝃䜲䝈䜔ᙧ≧䛾ᙳ㡪䛿CNF 䜔㏻ᖖ䛾ᮌ⢊䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯◊✲䛻ẚ䜉㠀ᖖ䛻 ᑡ䛺䛟䚸ᚋ䜒᳨ウ䛜ᚲせ䛺ศ㔝䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䚹 䜎䛯䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䜈䛾Ꮫⓗ䛺ฎ⌮䛸≀⌮ⓗ䛺ฎ⌮䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䚸䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛸䛾⏺㠃᥋╔ ຊ䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛◊✲䜒⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹Ꮫฎ⌮䛿 1968 ᖺ䛻䜹䝑䝥䝸䞁䜾ฎ⌮䛜ᥦ䛥䜜 䠄Mayer1968䠅䚸1972 ᖺ䛻 MA 䛻䜘䜛䜹䝑䝥䝸䞁䜾ฎ⌮䛜≉チ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Gayload 1972䠅䚹 ⌧ᅾ䛿䜰䝹䜹䝸ฎ⌮䛺䛹䛾୍⯡ⓗ䛺ฎ⌮䜔 40 ✀㢮䜢㉸䛘䜛䜹䝑䝥䝸䞁䜾䛻䜘䜛ฎ⌮䛜ሗ
࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Lu et al. 2000; Li et al. 2007; Kabir et al. 2012䠅䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ฎ⌮䛿ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶྥୖ䛻᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䠄Ichazo et al. 2001; Wang et al. 2009䠅䛜䚸Ꮫฎ⌮䛿୍⯡ ⓗ䛻㛗㛫ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛚䜘䜃᭷ᐖ䛺ᗫᲠ≀䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ၥ㢟䛸䛺䜛䚹ᶵᲔⓗฎ⌮䛸 䛧䛶䛿䝥䝷䝈䝬ฎ⌮䜔䝁䝻䝘ฎ⌮䛻௦⾲䛥䜜䜛ᨺᑕ⥺ฎ⌮䛻䜘䜚䚸ᮌᮦ⾲㠃䜢άᛶ䛥䛫䜛
Kim et al. 2013䠅䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ฎ⌮䛻䜘䜚ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛿 10-20䠂⛬ᗘྥୖ䛧䛯䛸 ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸ᶵᲔⓗฎ⌮䛷䛿ᑓ⏝䛾ᕤ⛬䜢ຍ䛘䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜚䚸タഛᢞ㈨䛻ከ䛺䝁 䝇䝖䛜䛛䛛䜛䛣䛸䛜ၥ㢟䛷䛒䜛䚹 䠍䠊䠎䠊䠏㻌 䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛾ᙳ㡪 䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛿䝞䜲䞁䝎䞊䛸䛧䛶䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢䛴䛺䛞䛸䜑䜛ᙺ䜢ᣢ䛱䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᛶ⬟ 䛻䛝䛟ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸⏝㏵䜔⏝䛥䜜䜛⎔ቃ䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸㐺ษ䛻㑅ᐃ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠄Ᏻ㒊 2012䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸᳜≀ཎᩱ䛿 200 °C 䜢㉸䛘䛯⎔ቃ䛻⨨䛛䜜䜛䛸⇕䛻䜘䜛ᡂศ䛾ኚᛶ䛜䛝䛟䛺 䜛䛯䜑䚸200 °C ⛬ᗘ䛷⁐⼥≧ែ䛻䛺䜛䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䜢㑅ᢥ䛩䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜚䚸䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛
✀㢮䛿PP䚸PE䚸PVC䚸PS 䛸䛔䛳䛯ỗ⏝䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛷䛒䜛䠄Klason et al. 1984; Kim and Pal
2010䠅䚹䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽⮬య䛻╔┠䛧䛯◊✲䛿ᗫᲠ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽ᮦ䜢⏝䛩䜛䠄Najafi 2013; Sommerhuber et al. 2016䠅䛜ከ䛟䚸䝞䞊䝆䞁ᮦ䛸䛾ẚ㍑䜔␗䛺䜛✀㢮䛾䝸䝃䜲䜽䝹䝥䝷
䝇䝏䝑䜽䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛜ホ౯䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸䝞䞊䝆䞁ᮦ䜢⏝䛔
䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䜘䜚ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛿పୗ䛩䜛䛜䚸ᐇ⏝䛻㊊䜛ᛶ⬟䛜䛒䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸
ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶䚸⢊○䞉ᡂᙧ䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛔䛖Ⅼ䠄Arbelaiz et al. 2005; Beg and
Pickering 2008䠅䛜䛒䜚䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ⮬య䜢䝸䝃䜲䜽䝹⏝䛩䜛䜒ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸
㏆ᖺ䛿Ḣᕞ䜢୰ᚰ䛻⏕ศゎᛶ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛾㟂せ䜒㧗䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䝫䝸ங㓟䠄PLA䠅䜔
䝫䝸䝡䝙䝹䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䠄PVA䠅䛸䛾」ྜ䜒᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Huber and Mussig 2008; Amirou et al. 2013; Nam et al. 2014; Solikhin and Murayama 2018䠅䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾◊✲䛷䛿䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䛻ᑐ 䛩䜛ᶵᲔⓗ䞉Ꮫⓗฎ⌮䜔䜻䝖䝃䞁䛺䛹䛾䛾䝞䜲䜸䝫䝸䝬䞊䛸䛾」ྜ䚸CNF 䛾⏝䛻䜘 䜛ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜔྾Ỉ≉ᛶ䛾ᨵၿ䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹
䠍䠊䠎䠊䠐㻌 ῧຍ䛾ᙳ㡪
ⓎἻ䚸₶䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠄Kim and Pal 2010䠅䚹䠍䠊䠎䠊䠎㻌 䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ᙳ㡪䛻䛚䛔䛶⤂䛧
䛯䜹䝑䝥䝸䞁䜾䜒ῧຍ䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛䛜䚸䛣䛣䛷䛿ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 〇㐀䛻㝿䛧䚸ᚲ㡲䛸䛺䜛ΰ⦎ ᕤ⛬䛻䛶┤᥋ΰ⦎ྍ⬟䛺ᮦᩱ䜢ῧຍ䛸䛧䛶ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛖䚹ከ䛟䛾ῧຍ䛾୰䛷䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛ῧຍ䛿䚸┦ᐜ䚸ศᩓ䛚䜘䜃₶䛷䛒䜛䚹 ┦ᐜ䛿䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛾⏺㠃᥋╔ຊ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛ῧຍ䛷䛒 䜚䚸䜰䜲䜸䝜䝬䞊PE䚸ⅣỈ⣲/䜰䜽䝸䝷䞊䝖䜾䝷䝣䝖䝫䝸䝬䞊䚸䜶䝏䝺䞁䝁䝫䝸䝬䞊䚸䜶䝏䝺䞁䝁 䝫䝸䝬䞊䚸㣬䝫䝸䜶䝇䝔䝹ᶞ⬡䚸䜶䝏䝺䞁 - 䜾䝸䝅䝆䝹䝯䝍䜽䝸䝺䞊䝖 - 㓑㓟䝡䝙䝹䝁䝫 䝸䝬䞊䚸MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛸䛔䛳䛯✀㢮䛜䛒䜛䠄Dalväg et al. 1985䠅䚹᭱䜒୍⯡ⓗ䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛔 䜛䛾䛿 MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛷䛒䜚䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾 OH ᇶ䛸 MA ᇶ䛾㛫䛷䜶䝇䝔䝹⤖ྜ䜔Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ䜢 ⏕䛨䛥䛫䚸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇ᶞ⬡䛸MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛾㙐䛜⤡䜏ྜ䛖䛣䛸䛷⏺㠃᥋╔ຊ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛸 ゝ䜟䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸㏆ᖺ䝉䝹䝻䞊䝇䛸 MAPP 㛫䛾Ꮫ⤖ྜ䛾ヲ⣽䚸MA ᇶ䛸 OH ᇶ䛾㛫䛻䜶䝇
䝔䝹⤖ྜ䛸Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䠄Kim and Pal 2010; Niwa et al. 2017䠅䚹MA ኚ ᛶᶞ⬡䛸ᶞ⬡㛫䛾⤡䜏ྜ䛔䛿┤᥋☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸MAPP 䛸 PP 㛫䛾⢓ᙎᛶ䚸
⤖ᬗᛶ䛻ኚ䛜⏕䛨䜛䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Harper et al. 2008䠅䚹MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛾㙐䛻⏝
䛔䜙䜜䜛ᶞ⬡䛻䛿 PP䚸PE䚸PS 䛸䛔䛳䛯ỗ⏝䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䜔Ỉῧ䝇䝏䝺䞁⣔⇕ྍረᛶ䜶䝷䝇䝖
䝬䞊䚸䝇䝏䝺䞁䞉䜰䜽䝸䝻䝙䝖䝸䝹ඹ㔜ྜᶞ⬡䛸䛔䛳䛯䜶䝷䝇䝖䝬䞊䛜⏝䛥䜜䜛䠄Yeh et al.
2009; Kim and Pal 2010; Tawfik et al. 2017䠅䚹๓⪅䛿ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛾䚸ᚋ⪅䛿⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛾 ྥୖ䛻ຠᯝⓗ䛷䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸䝧䞊䝇䛸䛺䜛ᶞ⬡䛾✀㢮䛻䜘䜚䚸㐺ษ䛺ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛾✀㢮䛿␗䛺 䜚䚸PE 䝧䞊䝇䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛷䛿 MAPE 䜢ῧຍ䛩䜛䜋䛖䛜䚸MAPP 䜘䜚䜒᭱ 60%⛬ᗘᘬ ᙇᙉ䛥䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Lu et al. 2005䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸MA ኚᛶ㔞䛾ᣦᶆ䛷䛒䜛䜾䝷䝣䝖
⋡䜔㓟౯䚸ศᏊ㔞䛾㐪䛔䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛝䛟ᙳ㡪䛩䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Lu et al. 2005; Kim et al. 2007䠅䚹MAPP 䛾䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 0.8-1.2%䚸㔜㔞ᖹᆒศᏊ㔞 9,100-66,000 g/mol 䛾⠊ᅖ䜢䜒䛴 5 ✀㢮䛾 MAPP 䜢ྛ䚻ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≉ᛶ䜢ㄪ
䠄Kim et al. 2007䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸㧗ศᏊ㔞䛛䛴ప㓟౯䛾 MAPP䚸పศᏊ㔞䛛䛴㧗㓟౯䛾 MAPP 䜢
ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ῧຍ㔞䛜ప䛔䛿పศᏊ㔞䛛䛴㧗㓟౯䛾 MAPP 䛜㧗䛔
ᙉᗘ䜢ᣢ䛴䛜䚸MAPP 䛾ῧຍ㔞䛜ቑ䛘䜛䛸㧗ศᏊ㔞䛛䛴ప㓟౯䛾 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎
ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛜㧗䛟䛺䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Arbelaiz et al. 2005䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸MA ኚ
ᛶᶞ⬡䛾ῧຍ䛷྾Ỉ⋡䛾పୗ䜔྾Ỉ䛾ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛
䠄Arbelaiz et al. 2005; Lee and Kim 2009; Homkhiew et al. 2018䠅䚹ὶືᛶ䛾ᣦᶆ䛸䛺䜛䛫䜣
᩿⢓ᗘ䛿 MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛾ῧຍ䛻䜘䜚ྥୖ䛩䜛ሗ࿌䛸䚸పୗ䛩䜛ሗ࿌䛜䛒䜛䛜䚸䛣䜜䛿 MA
ኚᛶᶞ⬡䛾ῧຍ㔞䜔䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ሸ㔞䛻ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛯䛯䜑䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠄Li and Wolcott
2005; Kim and Pal 2010䠅䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸䛣䜜䜙䛾┦ᐜ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛿⏝䛔䛯⣲ᮦ䜔┦ᐜ⮬య䛾≉ᛶ䚸ྛ䚻䛾㓄ྜẚ䛻䜘䛳䛶䜒ኚ䛩䜛 䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䚸ᚋ䜒᳨ウ䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜛䚹 ศᩓ䛚䜘䜃₶Ἔ䛿⢊య䛺䛹䜢ᾮయ୰䛷ᆒ୍䛻ศᩓ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛≀㉁䚸ᶵ ჾ㢮䛾ᦶ᧿㒊ศ䛻⏕䛨䜛ᦶ᧿䜔ᦶ⪖䜢ῶᑡ䛥䛫䛶⏕⏘ᛶ䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫䜛䛯䜑䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛≀ ㉁䛾⥲⛠䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ῧຍ䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊ศᩓ䚸ᡂᆺ䛾Ᏻᐃ ᛶ䛜ྥୖ䛧䚸≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䚹ศᩓ䛻䛿㓟ள㖄䜔㓟䝬䜾䝛䝅䜴䝮䛜 ⏝䛔䜙䜜䚸20%⛬ᗘ䛾ᙉᗘྥୖ䛜⏕䛨䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Dalväg et al. 1985䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸๓㏙䛧 䛯 MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䜒ศᩓ䛸䛧䛶䛾ຠᯝ䛜䛒䜚䚸䛣䜜䜢ศᩓ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䜛䜒ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶
䛔䜛䠄Woodhams et al. 1984; Klyosov 2007; Kim and Pal 2010䠅䚹₶䛻䛿㔠ᒓ䝧䞊䝇䛾䝡 䝇䝇䝔䜰䝸䞁㓟ள㖄䜔㠀㔠ᒓ䝧䞊䝇䛾䜶䝏䝺䞁-䝡䝇-䝇䝔䝹䜰䝭䝗䝽䝑䜽䝇䚸䝫䝸䝬䞊⣔䝽䝑䜽 䝇䛺䛹䛜⏝䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛿༢⊂䛷⏝䛧䛯㝿䛿䚸⏕⏘ᛶ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛୍᪉䚸ᙉᗘ䜔๛ᛶ 䛜పୗ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸ศᩓ䛸┦ᐜ䛸䛾ే⏝䛻䜘䜚ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛾ᨵၿ䛸⏕⏘ᛶ䛾ྥୖ䜢ྠ 䛻⾜䛖䜒ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Klyosov 2007䠅䚹
䠍䠊䠎䠊䠑㻌 స〇ᡭἲ䛾ᙳ㡪 ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿୍⯡ⓗ䛻ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧ䛻䜘䜚䚸ᮌ⢊ሸ⋡䛾㧗䛔䝬䝇䝍䞊䝞䝑䝏䝨䝺䝑䝖 䜢స〇䛧䛯ᚋ䚸䛣䜜䜢⏝㏵䛻ྜ䜟䛫䛯⃰ᗘ䛻ᕼ㔘䛧䚸䛭䛾㝿䛻╔Ⰽ䜔ῧຍ䚸䛭䛾䛾䝬 䝇䝍䞊䝞䝑䝏䛸」ྜ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷〇ရ䛥䜜䜛䠄Lu et al. 2000䠅䚹䛭䛾ᚋ䚸䝕䝑䜻ᮦ䛸䛩䜛㝿䛿 ᗘᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧ䛻䛛䛡䜙䜜䚸୍᪉䚸⮬ື㌴㒊ရ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䜛ሙྜ䛿ᑕฟᡂᆺ䜔䜲䞁䝃䞊䝖ᡂ ᙧ䛻䜘䜚䚸」㞧䛺ᙧ≧䜈ຍᕤ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾ᡂᆺᡭἲ䚸ᡂᆺ⨨䛿⥲ㄝ䜔᭩⡠䛻䜎䛸䜑䜙
䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᑠす2012; ᯽ᒣ䛸๓⏣ 2012; Gardner et al. 2005; Kim and Pal 2010䠅䚹ᐇ㦂ᐊ䝧
䞊䝇䛷䛿䚸䝷䝪䝺䝧䝹䛾㍈ΰ⦎ᶵ䜔⇕ᅽ䝥䝺䝇ᶵ䜢⏝䛧䛯◊✲䛜ከᩘሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 䠄Merten et al. 2017䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸CNF 䜢⏝䛔䛯㝿䛿䚸㣗ရ⏝䝣䜱䝹䝮䛾ᡂᆺᡭἲ䛷䛒䜛⁐ᾮὶᘏ ἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯䜒ሗ࿌䜒䛒䜛䠄Solikhin and Murayama 2018䠅䚹
ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䚸ᡂᙧᡭἲ䛻╔┠䛧䛯◊✲䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧ䛾ΰ⦎ ᗘ䜔ΰ⦎㒊䛾ᅇ
㌿㏿ᗘ䚸ከᅇᢲฟᡂᙧ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶
䛔䜛䚹పᅇ㌿㏿ᗘ䛷 2 ᅇ䛾ᢲฟᡂᙧ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䚸㧗ᅇ㌿㏿ᗘ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᡂᙧ䚸1 ᅇ䛾ᢲ䛧ฟ
䛧ᡂᙧ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷ᘬᙇ䚸⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛾ྥୖ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Yeh and Gupta
2008䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸ᢞධึᮇ䜢㧗 䛻ΰ⦎䜢ప 䛻タᐃ䛧䛯ᢲฟᡂᙧ䛻䜘䜚䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛜ྥୖ 䛧䛯䛸ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Homkhiew et al. 2018䠅䚹ᑕฟᡂᆺ䚸ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧ䚸䝥䝺䝇ᡂᆺ䜢⾜䛳 䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛷䛿䚸ᑕฟᡂᆺ䛜᭱䜒㧗䛔ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Bledzki and Faruk 2006䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧᚋ䛻ᑕฟᡂᆺ䛧䛯ヨ㦂య䛿ᑕฟᡂᆺ䛾䜏䛾ヨ㦂య䜘 䜚䜒㧗䛔≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛸䛾ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Migneault et al. 2009䠅䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾⏕ ⏘タഛ䜢⏝䛔䛯◊✲䛷䛿䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䜔┦ᐜ䜢ῧຍ䛩䜛䝍䜲䝭䞁䜾䜢ኚ䛘䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯ᡭἲ 䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䜒䛷䛝䜛䛜䚸䛭䛖䛔䛳䛯⣲ᮦ䛸ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛◊✲䛿⮬㌟䛜ㄪ䜉䛯㝈䜚䛷 䛿☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
➨䠎❶㻌 ┦ᐜ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪
PP 䝧䞊䝇䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛 MAPP 䛿䝉䝹䝻䞊䝇⣔䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䛾㛫䛻 䜶䝇䝔䝹⤖ྜ䜔Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ䛸䛔䛳䛯Ꮫ⤖ྜ䜢⏕䛨䛥䛫䚸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇ᶞ⬡䛸䛿ศᏊ䝺䝧䝹䛷 ⤡䜏ྜ䛖䛣䛸䛷⏺㠃᥋╔ຊ䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛┦ᐜ䛷䛒䜛䠄Arbeliz et al. 2005; Kim et al. 2007; Kim and Pal 2010䠅䚹䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䛾Ꮫ⤖ྜ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿 MA ኚᛶ⋡䛾ᣦᶆ䛷䛒䜛㓟౯䜔䜾䝷
䝣䝖⋡䛜㔜せ䛺ᅉᏊ䛸䛺䜚䚸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇ᶞ⬡䛸䛾⤡䜏ྜ䛔䛻䛿 MAPP 㙐䛾ศᏊ㔞䛜㔜せ
䛺ᅉᏊ䛸䛺䜛䠄Li et al. 2007; Kim et al. 2007䠅䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾 MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᙉ
ᗘ≉ᛶ䜔྾Ỉ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Kim et al. 2007; Arbeliz et al. 2005䠅䚹䛧
䛛䛧䚸᳨ウ䛥䜜䛯 MAPP 䛾ศᏊ㔞䜔 MA ኚᛶ⋡䛾⠊ᅖ䛜⊃䛔䠄䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 0.8-1.2%䚸㔜㔞
ᖹᆒศᏊ㔞9,100-66,000 g/mol䠅䛣䛸䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᙉᗘ䚸ὶືᛶ䚸྾Ỉᛶ䛸䛔䛳䛯≉ᛶ䜢
ྠ䛻᳨ウ䛧䛯䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸᳨ウ䛿༑ศ䛸䛿ゝ䛘䛺䛔䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP 䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛿ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛻䜘䛳䛶䜒ኚ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹᪤ 䛾◊✲䛻䛶䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾ᮦ
ᩱ䜢୍ᣓ䛷ΰ⦎䛩䜛ᡭἲ䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢 MAPP 䛻ᾐ䛧䛯ᚋ䚸PP 䛸ΰ⦎䛩䜛ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯స〇
䛥䜜䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛜᳨ウ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Arbelaizet al. 2005䠅䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸MAPP 䛾≉
ᛶ䛸ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ྠ䛻᳨ウ䛧䛯䛿☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䚹 ᮏ❶䛷䛿䚸MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛚䜘䜃䛭䛾ΰ⦎ᡭἲ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻 䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹䠎䠊䠍䛷䛿 MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䚸䛻䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䜔ศᏊ㔞䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䚸≉ᛶ䛾␗䛺䜛 MAPP䚸 ᮌ⢊䛚䜘䜃 PP 䜢୍ᣓ䛷ΰ⦎䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䚸䠎䠊䠎䛷䛿 䠎䠊䠍䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ཷ䛡䛶䚸ΰ⦎ᆺWPC ෆ䛾 MA 㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻 MAPP 䛾ῧຍ⋡䜢ㄪᩚ 䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䜢స〇䛧䚸䛭䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷 MA 㔞௨እ䛾≉ᛶ䚸 䛻 MAPP 䛾ศᏊ㔞䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹䠎䠊 䠏䛷䛿ᮌ⢊䛸 MAPP 䜢๓ΰ⦎䛧䛯ᚋ䚸PP 䛸ΰ⦎䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ
䛸๓ΰ⦎䛻䜘䜚⏕䛨䛯ᮌ⢊䛾䝃䜲䝈䜔ᙧ≧䛾ホ౯䜢⾜䛔䚸䠎䠊䠐䛷䛿MAPP 䛸 PP 䜢๓ΰ ⦎䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ᮌ⢊䜢ຍ䛘䛶స〇䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛚䜘䜃 MAPP 䛸 PP 䛾ΰ⦎≀䛻䛚䛡䜛≀⌮ ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶホ౯䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹᭱ᚋ䛻䠎䠊䠑䛻䛶ᮦᩱ䜢୍ᣓΰ⦎䛩䜛ᡭἲ䚸MAPP 䛸ᮌ⢊ 䜢๓ΰ⦎䛧䛯ᚋ䚸PP 䛸ΰ⦎䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛚䜘䜃 MAPP 䛸 PP 䜢๓ΰ⦎䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ᮌ⢊䛸ΰ⦎ 䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛾3 ᡭἲ䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶ໟᣓⓗ䛻ẚ㍑䚸⪃ ᐹ䛧䛯䚹
䠎䠊䠍㻌 MAPP ≉ᛶ䛾ᙳ㡪䠄MAPP ῧຍ㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛾ሙྜ䠅 ᮏ⠇䛷䛿MAPP 䛾ῧຍ⋡䜢㔜㔞䝧䞊䝇䛷୍ᐃ䛸䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇ䚸 ᭤䛢䚸⾪ᧁ䚸྾Ỉ䚸ὶື≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䚸MAPP 䛾䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䚸ศᏊ㔞䚸ὶື≉ᛶ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠍㻌 ౪ヨᮦᩱ 䝣䜱䝷䞊䛻䛿⢏Ꮚ䝃䜲䝈 70-150 μm䚸䛛䛥ᐦᗘ 0.14-0.18 g/cm3 䛾䝖䜴䝠ᮌ⢊䠄Picea sp.䚸 ARBOCELC100䚸䝺䝑䝔䞁䝬䜲䝲䞊䠅䜢⏝䛔䚸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇ᶞ⬡䛻䛿 MFR 30 g/10 min䚸㔜㔞ᖹ ᆒศᏊ㔞䠄Mw䠅160,000 g/mol䚸ᐦᗘ 0.9 g/cm3䛾 PP䠄䝥䝷䜲䝮䝫䝸䝥䝻 J107G䚸䝥䝷䜲䝮䝫䝸 䝬䞊䠅䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹┦ᐜ䛻䛿≉ᛶ䛾␗䛺䜛5 ✀㢮䛾 MAPP 䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾 MAPP 䛿 ᵝ䚻䛺♫䛾〇ရ䚸ヨసရ䜢⏝䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䜢㉥እศගἲ䛻䜘䜚䚸ศᏊ㔞䜢㧗 GPC ἲ䛻䜘䜚ồ䜑䚸⤫୍≉ᛶ್䜢స〇䛧䛯䚹␎⛠䛿ศᏊ㔞䛜ప䛔㡰䛻 MAPP1-5 䛸䛧䛯䚹 Table 2.1 䛻⏝䛧䛯┦ᐜ䛾␎⛠䛸≉ᛶ䜢♧䛩䚹ศᏊ㔞䛻䛿⤡䜏ྜ䛔䛾᭱ప್䛜Ꮡᅾ 䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸䜰䜲䝋䝍䜽䝏䝍䝑䜽 PP 䛾ศ Ꮚ ྠ ኈ 䛾⤡ 䜏ྜ 䛔Ⅼ 㛫 ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛿䚸
6,500 g/mol 䛸᥎ ᐃ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Eckstein et al. 1998䠅䚹ᮏ ヨ 㦂 䛷 ⏝ 䛧䛯᭱ 䜒ప
䛔ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛾 MAPP1 䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛿 16,000 䛷䛒䜚䚸PP 䛾⤡ 䜏ྜ 䛔Ⅼ 㛫 ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛾 2 ಸ ௨ ୖ 䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸MAPP 䛸 PP 㛫 䛻⤡ 䜏ྜ 䛔䛿⏕ 䛨䜛๓ ᥦ 䛷⪃ ᐹ 䜢⾜ 䛳䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠎㻌 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾స〇 WF䚸MAPP䚸PP 䜢㔜㔞䝧䞊䝇䛷 25䚸1䚸74%䛾ྜ䛷ΰྜ䛧䚸2 ㍈䝧䞁䝖ᘧᢲฟᶵ䠄AS30 m/m䚸䝘䜹䝍䝙ᶵᲔ䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶 190 °C䚸80 rpm 䛷⁐⼥ΰ⦎䛧䚸4 kg/h 䛾〇㐀㔞䛷ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䜢స〇䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ẚ㍑᳨ウ⏝䛻 MAPP 䜢⏝䛔䛺䛔䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䜒స〇
䛧䚸Control 䛸䛧䛯䚹స〇䛧䛯䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䛚䜘䜃 PP 䜢 80 °C 䛻タᐃ䛧䛯ᙉไᑐὶᐃ ⇱ ჾ䠄SOFW-600䚸䜰䝈䝽䞁䠅䛻䛶 1 ᪥⇱䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ᑠᆺᑕฟᡂᆺᶵ䠄BABYPLAST 6/10P䚸 CRONOPLAST䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸▷ᙧヨ㦂య䚸䝎䞁䝧䝹ᙧヨ㦂య䛻ᡂᆺ䛧䛯䚹▷ᙧヨ㦂య 䛿ཌ䛥3 mm䚸ᖜ 10 mm䚸㛗䛥 60 mm 䛸䛧䚸ᡂᆺ ᗘ 200 °C䚸ᑕฟᅽ 50 bar 䛻䛶స〇䛧䛯䚹 䝎䞁䝧䝹ᙧヨ㦂య䛿䚸ᖹ⾜㒊䛾ᑍἲ䜢ཌ䛥 2 mm䚸ᖜ 5 mm䚸㛗䛥 15 mm䚸䛴䛛䜏㒊ᖜ 12 mm䚸㛗 60 mm 䛸䛧䚸ᡂᆺ ᗘ 200 °C䚸ᑕฟᅽ 50 bar 䛻䛶స〇䛧䛯䚹Table 2.2 䛻ヨ㦂᮲ ௳ྡ䛸ヨ㦂య䛾㓄ྜẚ䜢♧䛩䚹MAPP1-5 䜢ྛ䚻ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜢 A1-A5 䛸䛧䚸 MAPP 䜢⏝䛔䛺䛔᮲௳䛿 A0 䛸䛧䚸PP ༢య䜒ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛸䛾ẚ㍑⏝䛻స〇䛧䛯䚹PP 䛻䛴 䛔䛶䛿䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䜢⾜䜟䛪䚸┤᥋〇ရ䜢ᑠᆺᑕฟᡂᆺᶵ䛻䛶ᡂᆺ䛧䛯䚹ྛ✀ヨ㦂䛻౪ 䛩䜛๓䛻䚸20±2 °C䚸65㼼20%RH 䛾ᖖ ᖖ‵⎔ቃ䛻䛶 2 㐌㛫௨ୖヨ㦂య䜢㣴⏕䛧䚸䛣䛾᮲ ௳䜢ᖖែ᮲௳䛸䛧䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠏㻌 ὶື≉ᛶホ౯ ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䚸PP 䛚䜘䜃 MAPP 䜢ヨᩱ䛸䛧䚸䜻䝱䝢䝷䝸䞊䝺䜸䝯䞊䝍 䠄LCR7000䚸᪥ᮏ䝎䜲䝙䝇䝁䠅䛻䜘䜛ὶືᛶヨ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䜻䝱䝢䝷䝸䞊䝺䜸䝯䞊䝍䛿␗䛺䜛䛫 䜣᩿㏿ᗘୗ䛻䛚䛡䜛䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䜢 ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛⨨䛷䛒䜚䚸㏻ᖖ⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䝯䝹䝖䜲 䞁䝕䜽䝃䞊䛻䜘䜛ᣦᶆ䜘䜚䜒ከ䛟䛾ሗ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䜛≉ᚩ䛜䛒䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP ༢య䛾䛫䜣᩿⢓ ᗘ䛾ሗ࿌䛿☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䚹 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䛚䜘䜃 PP 䛿┤ᚄ 2 mm䚸MAPP 䛿┤ᚄ 1mm 䛾䝎䜲䜢⏝䛧䛯䚹 䛭䛾䛾᮲௳䛿ඹ㏻䛸䛧䚸⁐⼥ ᗘ180 °C䚸ヨᩱᢞධ㔞 9 g䚸๓⁐⼥㛫 300 s 䛸䛧䚸䛫 䜣᩿㏿ᗘ 100䚸150䚸224䚸334䚸500 s-1䛾 5 ẁ㝵䛻䛶䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䜢 ᐃ䛧䛯䚹ྛ᮲௳䛾䝃䞁 䝥䝹ᩘ䛿3 య䛸䛧䛯䚹
䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠐㻌 ྾Ỉ≉ᛶホ౯ ▷ᙧヨ㦂య䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸྾Ỉヨ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹྾Ỉ䛾Ỉ 䛿 70 °C 䛸䛧䚸㔜㔞䛜ᜏ㔞䛻 㐩䛩䜛䜎䛷྾Ỉ䛧䛯䚹ᜏ㔞䛻㐩䛧䛯ᚋ䚸ᐊ Ỉ䛻 1 㛫ᾐₕ䛧䚸䛣䛾᮲௳䜢྾Ỉ᮲௳䛸䛧䛯䚹 䜎䛯䚸ᜏ㔞䜎䛷྾Ỉ䛥䛫䛯ヨ㦂య䜢 60 °C䚸24 㛫⇱䛧䚸䛭䛾ᚋ 20±2 °C䚸65㼼20%RH 䛾ᖖ ᖖ‵⎔ቃ䛻䛶 1 㐌㛫௨ୖ㣴⏕䛧䚸䛣䛾᮲௳䜢྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛸䛧䛯䚹Ỉ 䛾ㄪᩚ䛻 䛿ᐃ ⇱ᶵ䠄ON-450s䚸䜰䝈䝽䞁䠅䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹ฎ⌮ ᗘ䛿 JIS A 5905 䠄2003䠅䛻䛚䛡䜛‵₶ ᭤䛢ヨ㦂A 䜢ཧ⪃䛻タᐃ䛧䛯䚹 ྾Ỉ㛫(ݐ )䛻䛚䛡䜛ヨ㦂య䛾ཌ䛥⭾ᙇ⋡(ܶܵ௧ )䛚䜘䜃྾Ỉ⋡(ܹܣ௧ )䛿ୗグᘧ(2-1)䚸(2-2) 䛻䜘䜚䚸⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹 㻌 ܶܵ௧ ൌ䠄ܶܵ௧െ ܶܵሻ ܶܵ ൈ ͳͲͲሺΨሻǡ䠄ʹ െ ͳሻ ܹܣ௧ ൌ䠄ܹ௧െ ܹሻ ܹ ൈ ͳͲͲሺΨሻǡሺʹ െ ʹሻ ܶܵ௧䛚䜘䜃ܹ௧䛿྾Ỉ㛫(ݐ )䛻䛚䛡䜛ཌ䛥䛚䜘䜃㔜㔞䛷䛒䜚䚸ܶܵ䛚䜘䜃ܹ䛿ᖖែ᮲௳䛻䛚 䛡䜛ཌ䛥䛚䜘䜃㔜㔞䛷䛒䜛䚹 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠑㻌 ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶホ౯ 䝎䞁䝧䝹ᙧヨ㦂య䜢⏝䛔䛶ᘬᙇヨ㦂䜢⾜䛔䚸▷ᙧヨ㦂య䜢⏝䛔䛶᭤䛢䚸⾪ᧁヨ㦂䜢 ⾜䛳䛯䚹ᘬᙇヨ㦂䛿ヨ㦂㏿ᗘ10mm/min䚸ᶆⅬ㛫㊥㞳 15 mm䚸䛴䛛䜏ල㛫㊥㞳 30 mm 䛷 ⾜䛳䛯䚹ヨ㦂䛻䛿⬟ヨ㦂ᶵ䠄AGS-5kNX䚸ᓥὠ〇సᡤ䠅䜢⏝䛔䚸ᘬᙇᙉ䛥(ߪ௧ )䚸◚᩿䜂䛪 䜏(ߝ௧)䜢ୗグᘧ(2-3)䚸(2-4)䜘䜚⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹 ߪ௧ ൌ ܨ௧ AሺMPaሻሺʹ െ ͵ሻ ߝ௧ൌ οܮ௧ L௧ ሺΨሻሺʹ െ Ͷሻ ܨ௧䛿ᘬᙇヨ㦂䛾᭱Ⲵ㔜䚸A䛿᩿㠃✚䚸οܮ௧䛿◚᩿ኚ䚸L௧䛿䛴䛛䜏ල㛫㊥㞳䠄30
mm)䛷䛒䜛䚹 ᭤䛢ヨ㦂䛿ヨ㦂㏿ᗘ 5mm/min䚸䝇䝟䞁 48 mm 䛸䛧䚸୰ኸ㞟୰Ⲵ㔜᪉ᘧ䛷⾜䛳䛯䚹ヨ㦂 䛻䛿ᑠᆺ⬟ヨ㦂ᶵ䠄BT805䚸ᏳᶵᲔ䠅䛚䜘䜃ኚィ䠄CDP-25䚸ᮾி ჾ◊✲ᡤ䠅䜢⏝ 䛔䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥(ߪ)䚸᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡(ܧ)䜢ୗグᘧ(2-5)䚸(2-6)䜘䜚⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹 ߪ ൌ ͵ܨܮ ʹܾ݄ଶ ሺMPaሻሺʹ െ ͷሻ ܧ ൌ ܮ ଷ݉ Ͷܾ݄ଷ ൈ ͳͲିଷሺGPaሻሺʹ െ ሻ ܨ䛿᭤䛢ヨ㦂䛾᭱Ⲵ㔜䚸ܮ䛿䝇䝟䞁䚸ܾ䛿ヨ㦂య䛾ᖜ䚸݄䛿ヨ㦂య䛾ཌ䛥䚸݉䛿ᙎᛶ ᇦ䛾ഴ䛝䛷䛒䜛䚹 ⾪ᧁヨ㦂䛿ᐜ㔞2 J 䛾䝝䞁䝬䞊䛷ᡴᧁ䛩䜛䝜䝑䝏䛺䛧䜰䜲䝌䝑䝖⾪ᧁヨ㦂䛸䛧䛯䚹ヨ㦂䛻䛿 䜰䜲䝌䝑䝖⾪ᧁヨ㦂ᶵ䠄U-F 䜲䞁䝟䜽䝖䝔䝇䝍䞊䚸ୖᓥ〇సᡤ䠅䜢⏝䛔䚸䜰䜲䝌䝑䝖⾪ᧁᙉᗘ (ܽேሻ䜢ᘧ(2-7)䛻䜘䜚⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹 ܽே ൌ ܹ ܾ݄ൈ ͳͲ ଷሺkJ mΤ ଶሻሺʹ െ ሻ ܹ䛿⾪ᧁヨ㦂䛾྾䜶䝛䝹䜼䞊䚸ܾ䛿ヨ㦂య䛾ᖜ䚸݄䛿ヨ㦂య䛾ཌ䛥䜢♧䛩䚹 ᖖែ᮲௳䛷䛿ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢䚸⾪ᧁヨ㦂䜢⾜䛔䚸྾Ỉ᮲௳䛚䜘䜃྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛷䛿᭤䛢 ヨ㦂䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠒㻌 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC ෆ㒊䛾ほᐹ ᮌ⢊䛸䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛾⏺㠃≧ែ䜢 ☜䛛䜑䜛䛯䜑䚸㉮ᰝᆺ㟁Ꮚ㢧ᚤ㙾 䠄 SEM䠅䠄JSM-6510LV2䚸᪥ᮏ㟁Ꮚ䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸ຍ㏿㟁ᅽ 15 kV䚸㧗┿✵㞺ᅖẼୗ䛷ᘬᙇヨ㦂ᚋ䛾ヨ㦂య ◚᩿㠃䜢ほᐹ䛧䛯䚹䛺䛚䚸㟁Ꮚ䛾ᖏ㟁䜢㜵Ṇ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸䜸䞊䝖䝣䜯䜲䞁䝁䞊䝍䞊 䠄 JEC-3000FC, ᪥ᮏ㟁Ꮚ䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶⾲㠃䛾ⓑ㔠䝁䞊䝔䜱䞁䜾䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ෆ䛾ᮌ ⢊ศᩓ≧ែ䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸㧗ศゎ⬟ 3DX ⥺㢧ᚤ㙾䠄nano3DX, 䝸䜺䜽䠅䛻䜘䜛㠀◚ቯ᩿ ᒙᙳ䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹X ⥺※䛻䛿 Cu 䜢⏝䛔䚸⟶㟁ᅽ䚸⟶㟁ὶ䛿 40 kV䚸30 mA 䛸䛧䛯䚹
Table 2.1 Codes and characteristics of maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene (MAPP).
Color1) Weight average molecular weight2)
Maleic anhydride
graft ratio3) Melting point1)
(×104) (%) 㸦˚C㸧 MAPP1 Yellow 1.6 3.4 145 MAPP2 Light-yellow-white 3.5 1.7 165 MAPP3 Light-yellow-white 4.0 0.9 166 MAPP4 Yellow 6.3 2.0 167 MAPP5 Light-yellow-white 12.3 0.7 168
2) were mesured by high temperture GPC. 3) were mesured by IR method.
Sample
Table 2.2 Codes and formulations of WPCs and PP.
No. WF PP MAPP1 MAPP2 MAPP3 MAPP4 MAPP5
A0 25 75 - - - - -A1 25 74 1 - - - -A2 25 74 - 1 - - -A3 25 74 - - 1 - -A4 25 74 - - - 1 -A5 25 74 - - - - 1 PP - 100 - - - -
-WF, wood flour; PP, polypropylene.
Characteristics of MAPP1 to 5 are referred to in Table 2.1. Formulation (wt%)
䠎䠊䠍䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 䠎䠊䠍䠊䠎䠊䠍㻌 ὶື≉ᛶ Fig. 2.1 䛻␗䛺䜛䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘୗ䛻䛚䛡䜛ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC䚸MAPP 䛚䜘䜃 PP 䛾䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䜢 ♧䛩䚹ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿䛩䜉䛶 PP 䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ሸ䛻䜘 䜚䚸ὶືᛶ䛜పୗ䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜ཎᅉ䛷䛒䜚䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊ሸᆺ䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽䛷䛿୍⯡ⓗ䛺ᣲື䛷䛒
䜛䠄Li and Wolcott 2005; Lewandowski et al. 2016䠅䚹ḟ䛻 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛸
MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾⢓ᗘᣲື䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛶䜏䜛䛸䚸ప䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘ䠄100-224 s-1䠅䛷
䛿MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯᮲௳䛷䚸⢓ᗘ䛾పୗ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䛿䝣䜱䝷䞊㔞 30 wt%䛾ΰ⦎
ᆺWPC 䛻 MAPE 䜢ᑡ㔞ῧຍ䛧䛯㝿䛾⢓ᗘᣲື䛸୍⮴䛧䛯䠄Li and Wolcott 2005䠅䚹䛣䜜䛿
ᑡ㔞䛾 MA ኚᛶᶞ⬡䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ሙྜ䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ศᩓᛶ䜔㓄ྥᛶ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ཎᅉ䛸 ⪃ᐹ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸MAPP 䛾ῧຍ䛻䜘䜛⢓ᗘ䛾పୗ䛿䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘ䛜ୖ᪼䛩䜛䛸ᑠ䛥䛟 䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸MAPP 䛾ῧຍ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾⢓ᗘ䛻ཬ䜌䛩ᙳ㡪䛿䚸䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘ䛜 ୖ᪼䛩䜛䜋䛹ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹␗䛺䜛 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ෆ䛾⢓ᗘ䜢ẚ ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸᭱䜒䛝䛺ᕪ䛜⏕䛨䛯 100 s-1䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒⢓ᗘ䛿 837-860 Pa-s 䛾⠊ᅖ䛻䛚䛥䜎䛳 䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾⢓ᗘ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛿ᑠ䛥䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹 MAPP ༢య䛾⢓ᗘ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䜀䜙䛴䛝䛿ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸MAPP5䚸MAPP4䚸MAPP3䚸MAPP2䚸 MAPP1 䛾㡰䛻㧗䛔⢓ᗘ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹୍⯡ⓗ䛻㧗䛔ศᏊ㔞䜢ᣢ䛴ᶞ⬡䛿㧗䛔⢓ᗘ䜢᭷䛩䜛䛯 䜑䚸ጇᙜ䛺⤖ᯝ䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸MAPP 䛷⏕䛨䛯⢓ᗘ䛾㐪䛔䛿䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛷䛿☜ ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿MAPP 䛾ῧຍ⋡䛜 1wt%䛸ᑡ䛺䛛䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜ཎᅉ䛸᥎ 䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ᮏ ㄽ䛛䜙እ䜜䜛䛜䚸MAPP 䛿䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘ䛜ୖ᪼䛩䜛䜋䛹⢓ᗘ䛜㧗䛟䛺䜛⤖ᯝ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸 PP ༢య䛸䛿┿㏫䛾ᣲື䛷䛒䜚䚸ኚ⯆῝䛔⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䚹䛣䛾Ⅼ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿ᚋ䛾᳨ウ 㡯䛸䛧䛯䛔䚹
䠎䠊䠍䠊䠎䠊䠎㻌 ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ
Table 2.3 䛻ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛚䜘䜃 PP 䛾ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢♧䛩䚹
PP ༢య䛸 MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛿ྠ⛬ᗘ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹MAPP ᮍ ῧ ຍ
䛾ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛿 PP 䜘䜚㧗 䛟䛺䜛䛸䛾ሗ ࿌ 䠄Stark and Berger 1997;
Stark and Rowlands 2003䠅䚸ప 䛟䛺䜛䛸䛾ሗ ࿌ 䠄Ichazo et al. 2001䠅䛾୧ ᪉ 䛜Ꮡ ᅾ
䛩 䜛 䛜 䚸 ᮏ ヨ 㦂 䛻 ⏝ 䛔 䛯 ᮌ ⢊ 䛿 ᙉ ᗘ ୖ ᪼ ഃ 䛻 ാ 䛔 䛯 䚹 䝖 䜴 䝠 䛿 ప ᐦ ᗘ 䠄
0.32-0.43g/cm3䠅䛷䛒䜚䚸ከ ᩘ 䛾᭷ ⦕ ቨ Ꮝ 䜢᭷ 䛩䜛䠄ᓥᆅ䛸ఀᮾ 1982䠅䛯䜑䚸PP 䛸䛾⤡ 䜏
ྜ 䛔䛜ᐜ ᫆ 䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP 䜢ῧ ຍ 䛧䛯ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛿䛩䜉䛶
䛾᮲ ௳ 䛷䚸MAPP ᮍ ῧ ຍ 䛾ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䜘䜚䜒㧗 䛔ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹୍⯡ⓗ䛻
MAPP 䜢ῧ ຍ 䛧䛯ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛿ྥ ୖ 䛩䜛䠄Stark and Rowlands 2003; Qiu et al. 2005; Kim et al. 2007䠅䛜䚸MAPP 䛸ᮌ ⢊ 䛾㓄 ྜ ྜ 䛻䜘䛳䛶䛿ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛜
ప ୗ 䛩䜛ሗ ࿌ 䜒䛒䜛䠄Dányádi et al. 2007䠅䚹䛣䜜䛿ᮌ ⢊ 䚸PP 㛫 䛻స ⏝ 䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔
MAPP 䛾ቑ ຍ 䚸䜒䛧䛟䛿⿵ ᙉ ຠ ᯝ 䛜 ༑ ศ 䛺䛣䛸䛜ཎ ᅉ 䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹ᮏ ⠇ 䛻䛚
䛡䜛ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛿 MAPP 䛾ῧ ຍ 䛷 ⯡ ⓗ 䛻ྥ ୖ 䛧䛯䛯䜑䚸㓄 ྜ
ྜ 䛿 ጇ ᙜ 䛷 䛒䛳 䛯 䛸 ⪃ 䛘 䜙 䜜 䜛䛜 䚸ῧ ຍ 㔞 䛾ᙳ 㡪 䛻䛴 䛔䛶 䛿 ḟ ⠇ 䛷㏣ ຍ ᳨ ウ 䛩
䜛䚹Fig. 2.2 䛻ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇヨ㦂య◚᩿㠃䛾 SEM ⏬ീ䜢♧䛩䚹䛣䛣䛷䛿⏺㠃䛻᫂☜
䛺㐪䛔䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯A0䚸A2䚸A5 䛾◚᩿㠃䜢♧䛧䛯䚹A0䠄MAPP ᮍῧຍ䠅䛸ẚ㍑䛧䚸A2䚸A5 䛿
ᮌ⢊䛸䛾⏺㠃䛻䛚䛡䜛✵㝽䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻ᑠ䛥䛛䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸ᮌ⢊䛸ᶞ⬡䛾⏺㠃᥋╔䛻䜘䜚䚸
ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛿ྥୖ䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ෆ㒊䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊ศᩓ䜔㓄ྥ≧ែ䜒ΰ
⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻㛵䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸MAPP ᮍῧຍ䠄A0䠅䚸ῧຍ䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ
WPC䠄A4䠅䛾 X ⥺ CT ⏬ീ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛯䠄Fig. 2.3䠅䚹MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯 A4 䛸 MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾 A0 䛻䛚䛡䜛䝣䜱䝷䞊䛾ศᩓ䚸㓄ྥ≧ែ䛻䜋䛸䜣䛹ᕪ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊
䛾ศᩓ䜔㓄ྥ䛾㐪䛔䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛿ᑡ䛺䛟䚸䛒䛟䜎
᮲ ௳ 䛷ẚ ㍑ 䛩䜛䛸䚸A2 䛸 A4 䛜᭱ 䜒㧗 䛟䚸⥆ 䛔䛶 A1 䛸 A3䚸᭱ ᚋ 䛻 A5 䛾㡰 䛻㧗 䛔ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹A2 䛸 A5 䛾ᘬ ᙇ ヨ 㦂 య ◚ ᩿ 㠃 䜢ぢ 䜛䛸䚸A5 䛿 A2 䜘䜚䜒✵㝽 䛜䛝䛔䠄Fig. 2.2b,c䠅䚹ᐃ㔞䛿䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛔䛜䚸䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿 A2 䛾ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛜 A5 䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔 ୍䛴䛾ドᣐ䛻䛺䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹᭱ 䜒㧗 䛔ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䜢ᣢ 䛴A2䚸A4 䛻⏝ 䛔䛯 MAPP 䛾 䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜 1.7%䚸2.0%䛷䛒䜚䚸ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜 35,000䚸63,000 䛷䛒 䛳 䛯 䠄Table 2.1䠅䚹䜘 䛳䛶䚸䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 䛿ྠ ⛬ ᗘ 䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛿 䛝䛟␗ 䛺䛳䛶 䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸ศ Ꮚ 㛫 䛾⤡ 䜏ྜ 䛔䛿 A2 䛸 A4 䛷䛿␗ 䛺䜛䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛻 㐪 䛔䛿⌧ 䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛜 A2 䛸 A4 䛻ཬ 䜀䛺䛛䛳䛯 A1 䛸 A3 䛻䛴䛔 䛶⪃ 䛘䛶䜏䜛䛸䚸A1 䛻⏝ 䛔䛯 MAPP1 䛿䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 䛜 3.4%䛸㧗 䛔䛜䚸ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛿 16,000 䛸᭱ 䜒ప 䛔䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸MAPP1 䛿ᮌ ⢊ 䛸䛾 ᛂ ᛶ 䛿༑ ศ 䛸ᛮ 䜟䜜䜛䛜䚸ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛜ప 䛔䛯䜑䚸PP 䛸䛾⤡ 䜏ྜ 䛔䛜ᑡ 䛺䛟䚸༑ ศ 䛺ᙉ ᗘ ⿵ ᙉ 䛜⏕ 䛨䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸A3 䛻⏝ 䛔䛯 MAPP3 䛿 MAPP2 䛸ྠ ⛬ ᗘ 䛾ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䚸䜾 䝷䝣䝖⋡ 䛜ప 䛔䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸MAPP3 䜢⏝ 䛔䛯ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛿ᮌ ⢊ 䛸䛾 ᛂ ᛶ 䛜 ప 䛟䚸A2 䛸 A4 䜘䜚ప ᙉ ᗘ 䛻䛺䛳䛯䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹MAPP 䜢ῧ ຍ 䛧䛯ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾୰ 䛷᭱ 䜒ప 䛔ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯 A5 䛻⏝ 䛔䛯 MAPP5 䛿䚸MAPP3 䛸ྠ ⛬ ᗘ 䛾䜾 䝷䝣䝖⋡ 䛷䛒䜛䛜䚸ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛿 3 ಸ ௨ ୖ 䛷䛒䜛䚹㏻ ᖖ 䚸㧗 䛔ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛾ᶞ ⬡ 䜢⏝ 䛔䜛 䜋䛖䛜㧗 䛔ᙉ ᗘ ≉ ᛶ 䜢ᣢ 䛴䛸⪃ 䛘䜙 䜜䜛䛜䚸␗ 䛺䜛⤖ ᯝ 䛸䛺䛳 䛯 䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙 䚸ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䜢᭱ 㐺 䛻䛩䜛 MAPP 䛾ศ Ꮚ 㔞 䛜Ꮡ ᅾ 䛩䜛ྍ ⬟ ᛶ 䛜♧ ၀ 䛥䜜䛯䚹⥆ 䛔䛶䚸◚ ᩿ 䜂䛪䜏䜢☜ ㄆ 䛩䜛䛸䚸ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛿 PP ༢ య 䛸ẚ ㍑ 䛧䚸 ⓗ 䛻䜂䛪䜏䛜ప ୗ 䛩䜛⤖ ᯝ 䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹୍ ⯡ ⓗ 䛻䝣䜱䝷䞊䜢ຍ 䛘䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑 䜽 」 ྜ ᮦ ᩱ 䛿 ๛ ᛶ 䛜 ୖ ᪼ 䛧 䚸 䜂 䛪䜏 䛜 ప ୗ 䛩 䜛 䚹䛭 䛾䛯 䜑 䚸 ᮏ ヨ 㦂 䛾 ⤖ ᯝ 䛿 ጇ ᙜ 䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 㛫 䛷ẚ ㍑ 䛩䜛䛸 A0 䜘䜚㧗 䛔䜂䛪䜏䜢ᣢ 䛳䛯䛾䛿 A2 䛸 A4 䛾䜏䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹A2 䛸 A4 䛿ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ 䛥䛜᭱ 䜒㧗 䛔᮲ ௳ 䛷䛒䛳䛯䛯䜑䚸ᮌ ⢊ 䛸 PP 㛫 䛾⏺ 㠃 ᥋ ╔ ຊ 䛜ྥ ୖ 䛧䛯⤖ ᯝ 䚸PP 䛻㏣ ᚑ 䛧䛯ኚ ᙧ 䛜ᐜ ᫆ 䛻䛺䜚䚸ᘬ ᙇ ᙉ
䛥䛸䜂䛪䜏䛿ྠ 䛻ྥ ୖ 䛧䛯䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹 ⥆ 䛔䛶䚸᭤ 䛢≉ ᛶ 䜢ぢ 䜛䛸䚸PP 䛸 A0 䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛿ྠ⛬ᗘ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP 䜢ῧ ຍ䛧䛯䛩䜉䛶䛾᮲௳䛷 MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾᮲௳䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧 䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 㛫䛷䛿䚸A2 䛸 A4 䛜᭱䜒㧗䛟䚸⥆䛔䛶 A1 䛸 A3䚸᭱ᚋ䛻 A5 䛾㡰䛻㧗䛔᭤䛢 ᙉ䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛸ྠᵝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䚹ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛿 PP 䜘䜚䜒 ᫂䜙䛛䛻㧗䛔್䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸A3 䛚䜘䜃 A5 䛾᮲௳ 䛿A0 䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛯䚹A3 䛚䜘䜃 A5 䛻⏝䛔䛯 MAPP 䛿䛸䜒䛻䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜 1%௨ୗ䛸 ẚ㍑ⓗప䛔್䛷䛒䜛䠄Table2.1䠅䚹䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜ప䛔ሙྜ䛿ᮌ⢊䛸 PP 㛫䛾⏺㠃᥋╔䛜༑ศ䛷 䛿䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸Ⲵ㔜䜢ཷ䛡䛯㝿䚸PP 䛻㏣ᚑ䛧䛯ኚᙧ䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䜚䚸䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䚸᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛜ྥ ୖ䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸A3 䛸 A5 䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸ศᏊ㔞䛜㧗䛔 MAPP5 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯 A5 䛾 䜋䛖䛜䚸㧗䛔᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹ศᏊ㔞䛜㧗䛔ሙྜ䚸MAPP 䛸 PP 䛾⤡䜏ྜ䛔䛜ඃඛ䛧䚸 ᮌ⢊䛸䛾⏺㠃⿵ᙉ䛜పศᏊ㔞䛾MAPP3 䜢⏝䛔䛯᮲௳䜘䜚ప䛟䛺䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䚹 ᭱ᚋ䛻䝜䝑䝏䛺䛧䜰䜲䝌䝑䝖⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛸䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿 PP ༢య䛸ẚ㍑䛧䚸 ᖜ䛻⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛜పୗ䛧䛯䚹ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛸ྠᵝ䛻ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛷䛿䛩䜉䛶䛾᮲௳䛷 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯᮲௳䛷⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛿ྥୖ䛧䚸A2 䛸 A4 䛜᭱䛾್䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹⾪ᧁ≉ᛶ䛾ᨵ ၿ䛻䛿 1䠅䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇䛾⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛾ᙉ䚸2䠅䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇㛫䛾⏺㠃᥋╔ᨵၿ䚸3䠅䝣䜱 䝷䞊䛾ሸ⋡䚸䝃䜲䝈䚸ᙧ≧䚸ศᩓ䛚䜘䜃㓄ྥ≧ἣ䛺䛹䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊䛻㛵䛩䜛≉ᛶ䛾ᨵၿ䚸䛸 䛔䛳䛯ᡭἲ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹1䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿⏝䛧䛯 MAPP 䛾㙐䛜〇ရ䛻䜘䛳䛶␗䛺䜛ྍ⬟ ᛶ䛜䛒䜚䚸2䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛾㐪䛔䛛䜙䜒ᕪ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛿᫂䜙䛛䛷䛒䜛䚹୍ ᪉䚸3䠅䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿 X ⥺ CT ⏬ീ䛛䜙䜋䛸䜣䛹ኚ䛿䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸䝣䜱䝷䞊≉ᛶ䛾ᙳ㡪䛿ᑠ 䛥䛔䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠄Fig. 2.3䠅䚹
䠎䠊䠍䠊䠎䠊䠏㻌 ྾Ỉ≉ᛶ Table 2.4 䛻྾Ỉ᮲௳䛻䛚䛡䜛ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛚䜘䜃 PP 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢♧䛩䚹 PP 䛿ཌ䛥⭾ᙇ䚸྾Ỉ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹⏕䛨䛪䚸᭤䛢≉ᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ᖖែ᮲௳䛾⤖ᯝ䛸䜋䛸䜣䛹 ྠ䛨䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹୍᪉䚸ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛿 3-4%䛾ཌ䛥⭾ᙇ⋡䚸5-6%䛾྾Ỉ⋡䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹୍ ⯡ ⓗ 䛺䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽」 ྜ ᮦ ᩱ 䛾྾ Ỉ 䝯䜹䝙䝈䝮䛿 䠄䠍䠅䝥䝷䝇䝏䝑䜽 㙐 㛫 䛾⤡ 䜏ྜ 䛔୰ 䛻Ꮡ ᅾ 䛩䜛ᚤ ᑠ 䛺✵ 㝽 䜈䛾Ỉ ศ 䛾ᾐ ㏱ 䚸 䠄䠎䠅 䝣䜱䝷 䞊䛸䝬䝖䝸䝑䜽䝇㛫 䛾⏺ 㠃 䛻䛚 䛡䜛Ỉ ศ 䛾ᾐ ㏱ 䚸䠄䠏䠅ᡂ ᆺ 䛻Ⓨ ⏕ 䛧䛯ᚤ ⣽ 䛺✵ 㝽 䜈䛾 Ỉ ศ 䛾ᾐ ㏱ 䚸䛸䛔䛖 3 䛴 䛻༊ ศ 䛥䜜䜛䚹䛣䜜䛻ຍ 䛘䚸ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛷䛿ぶ Ỉ ᛶ 䛾䝣䜱䝷䞊ෆ 䛻Ỉ ศ 䛜ᾐ ㏱ 䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸㧗 䛔྾ Ỉ ᛶ 䜢♧ 䛩䛸⪃ 䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Espert et al. 2004䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ཌ䛥⭾ᙇ⋡䚸྾Ỉ⋡䛿 A3 䛾᮲௳䛾䜏䜘䜚ప䛛䛳䛯䚹䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾◊✲䛷䛿 MAPP
䜢ῧຍ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾྾Ỉ⋡䛿పୗ䛩䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Bledzki and Frauk 2003;
Adhikary et al. 2008; Nam et al. 2014䠅䛜䚸ᮏヨ㦂䛾⤖ᯝ䛷䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹ᕪ䛿⏕䛨䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
྾Ỉ᮲௳䛻䛚䛡䜛ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛿 PP 䜘䜚䜒ప䛛䛳䛯䚹྾ Ỉ 䛻䜘䜚䚸ᮌ ⢊ 䛾
๛ ᛶ 䛾 ప ୗ 䛚 䜘 䜃 ⏺ 㠃 䛾 䛫 䜣 ᩿ ᛂ ຊ 䛻 䜘 䜛 ᮌ ⢊ 䛸 PP 䛾 ศ 㞳 䛜 ⏕ 䛨 䚸 ΰ ⦎ ᆺ
WPC 䛾ᶵ Ე ⓗ ≉ ᛶ 䛿ప ୗ 䛩䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Panthapulakkal and Sain 2007䠅䚹ᮏ
◊ ✲ 䛷⏝ 䛔䛯ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤ 䛢ᙉ 䛥䜒ྠ ᵝ 䛾ഴ ྥ 䜢♧ 䛧䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸྾ Ỉ ᮲ ௳ 䛻 䛚䛡䜛ΰ ⦎ ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛿 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ྥୖ䛧䛯䛜䚸MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛻 䜘䛳䛶ᕪ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹PP 䛿྾Ỉ䛾ᙳ㡪䜢ཷ䛡䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᶞ⬡㛫䛾⤡䜏ྜ䛔 䛾ኚ䛿ᑠ䛥䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹MA ᇶ䛸䝣䜱䝷䞊㛫䛻⏕䛨䜛Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ䛿䛣䛾㛫䛻ỈศᏊ䛜ධ 䜚㎸䜐䛣䛸䛷ᙅ䛟䛺䜚䚸䜶䝇䝔䝹⤖ྜ䛿ຍỈศゎ䛜⏕䛨䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䚹䛣䜜䜙䛾Ꮫᛂ䛾 ᙅయ䚸ศゎ䛾ᙳ㡪䛚䜘䜃 Ỉฎ⌮䛻䜘䜛ᮌ⢊䛾㌾䜔ᮌ⢊䛸 PP 㛫䛾⏺㠃ศ㞳䛻䜘䜚䚸 ྾Ỉ䛻䛿MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛾㐪䛔䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䛿ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䛳䛯䛸 ⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛿䚸A3䚸A5 䛾᮲௳䛾䜏 A0 䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿ᖖែ᮲௳ 䛸ྠᵝ䛾ഴྥ䛷䛒䜛䚹A3 䛾䜏 A0 䜘䜚䜒ప䛔྾Ỉ⋡䛚䜘䜃㧗䛔᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䚸ᙎᛶ⋡䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹
䜘䛳䛶䚸྾Ỉ䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢᭱㐺䛻䛩䜛䛾䛿䚸䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 0.9%䚸 ศᏊ㔞40,000 䛾 MAPP 䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹 Table 2.5 䛻྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢♧䛩䚹䛺䛚䚸PP 䛿ኚ 䛜䛺䛔䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䛯䜑䚸ヨ㦂䛛䜙㝖እ䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾ཌ䛥⭾ᙇ⋡䛸྾Ỉ⋡䛿䛩䜉䛶䛾᮲௳䛷䚸᫂☜䛺ᕪ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹 ྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛿 MAPP 䛾ῧຍ䛷ྥୖ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ
WPC 㛫䛷ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸A3 䛸 A5 䛜䜘䜚䜒ప䛔್䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹A3 䛸 A5 䛻⏝䛔䛯 MAPP 䛿䜾
䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜ప䛔᮲௳䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸ᮌ⢊䛸 MA ᇶ䛾㛫䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䜶䝇䝔䝹⤖ྜ䛿྾Ỉ䛻 ຍỈศゎ䛫䛪䛻ṧᏑ䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸⇱䛻䜘䜚䜃䝣䜱䝷䞊䛸 PP 㛫䛾⏺㠃᥋╔ຊ䛜ᅇ䛧䚸᭤ 䛢ᙉ䛥䛜ྥୖ䛧䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸྾Ỉ䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛾పୗ䛿ᮌ⢊䛾㌾䛸䛔䛳䛯 ᮌ⢊⮬య䛾ᙳ㡪䛜䛝䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛾᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䜢ぢ䜛䛸 MAPP ᮍῧ ຍ䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜘䜚䜒ప䛔್䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP 䜢 ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾㛫䛷䛿᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛻ᕪ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹ᖖែ䜔྾Ỉ䛻䛚䛡䜛 ᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛿䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜ప䛟䚸ศᏊ㔞䛜㧗䛔 MAPP 䛾ῧຍ䛷㧗䛟䛺䛳䛯䛜䚸྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲ ௳䛷䛿䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ഴྥ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
Fig. 2.1 Shear viscosity at the different shear rates for PP, pellets of WPCs, and different types of MAPP.
(a) WPCs and PP, (b) different types of MAPP.
Vertical bars indicate standard deviations. Samples and codes are defined in Tables 2.1 and 2.2, respectively. 100 1000 80 800 Shear viscosity (Pa -s) Shear rate (s-1) A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 PP (a) 1 10 100 1000 80 800 Shear viscosity (Pa -s) Shear rate (s-1) MAPP1 MAPP2 MAPP3 MAPP4 MAPP5 (b)
Table 2.3 The mechanical properties of WPCs and PP under nomal condition.
A0 34.2 (0.6) 4.7 (0.3) 56.6 (0.5) 2.57 (0.13) 11.8 (1.1) A1 40.5 (1.0) 3.9 (0.3) 68.5 (0.3) 2.59 (0.12) 14.7 (0.5) A2 42.6 (0.4) 5.1 (0.2) 73.7 (0.6) 2.59 (0.10) 16.6 (0.4) A3 39.9 (0.6) 3.8 (0.5) 69.4 (0.9) 2.66 (0.10) 13.5 (1.1) A4 42.4 (0.4) 4.7 (0.3) 72.5 (0.8) 2.57 (0.11) 16.4 (0.8) A5 37.0 (0.5) 3.4 (0.2) 62.8 (0.4) 2.77 (0.12) 11.2 (0.6) PP 34.2 (0.7) 12.7 (1.2) 55.6 (1.1) 1.58 (0.06) 47.7 (1.4)
The standard deviation is shown in parentheses. Codes are referred to in Table 2.2.
(kJ/m2) Code Tensile strength
Nominal tensile strain
at break Flexural strength Flexural modulus
Unnotched Izod impact strength
Fig. 2.2 The SEM images of the fracture surface of tensile specimens under normal condition. (a) A0, (b) A2, (c) A5. Codes are defined in Table 2.2.
(a)
(b)
Fig. 2.3 Reconstructed 3D CT images at microscale in (a) A0 and (b) A4.
X, Y, and Z axis are wide, length, and thickness direction of a rectangle specimen. Codes are defined in Table 2.2.
X-Z X-Y Y-Z (a) X-Z X-Y Y-Z (b)
Table 2.4 The physical and mechanical properties of WPCs and PP under wet condition.
A0 3.5 (0.2) 5.9 (0.1) 47.6 (0.4) 1.38 (0.05) A1 3.8 (0.1) 5.8 (0.2) 49.0 (0.6) 1.41 (0.05) A2 3.7 (0.1) 5.7 (0.1) 50.0 (0.6) 1.43 (0.08) A3 3.4 (0.1) 5.4 (0.1) 50.2 (0.3) 1.46 (0.04) A4 3.6 (0.2) 5.8 (0.2) 49.4 (0.6) 1.44 (0.05) A5 3.7 (0.1) 6.0 (0.1) 49.1 (0.6) 1.50 (0.06) PP 0.0 (0.0) 0.0 (0.1) 57.8 (1.5) 1.48 (0.05)
The standard deviation is shown in parentheses. Codes are referred to in Table 2.2.
Code Thickness swelling Water absorption Flexural strength Flexural modulus
Table 2.5 The physical and mechanical properties of WPCs under wet-dried condition.
A0 1.1 (0.2) 0.9 (0.2) 52.1 (0.5) 1.84 (0.07) A1 1.0 (0.2) 1.6 (0.3) 63.0 (0.7) 2.34 (0.09) A2 1.1 (0.2) 2.0 (0.2) 63.7 (0.3) 2.33 (0.03) A3 0.9 (0.1) 1.5 (0.3) 60.4 (0.6) 2.37 (0.05) A4 1.2 (0.2) 2.0 (0.5) 62.0 (0.4) 2.25 (0.07) A5 0.9 (0.1) 1.3 (0.2) 56.1 (0.4) 2.20 (0.11)
The standard deviation is shown in parentheses. Codes are referred to in Table 2.2.
Code Thickness swelling Water absorption Flexural strength Flexural modulus
䠎䠊䠍䠊䠏㻌 せ ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䜔ศᏊ㔞䛜␗䛺䜛MAPP䚸ᮌ⢊䛚䜘䜃 PP 䜢୍ᣓ䛷ΰ⦎䛧䛶స〇䛧䛯 ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢᳨ウ䛧䚸MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵ Ეⓗ≉ᛶ䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢☜䛛䜑䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯䚹ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䛺⤖ㄽ䛿௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䚹 䠄䠍䠅MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䛿ᮍῧຍ䛾䜒䛾䜘䜚పୗ䛧䛯䛜䚸MAPP 䛾 ✀㢮䛻䜘䜛ᕪ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛪䚸MAPP 䛾⢓ᗘ䛸䛾㛫䛻㛵ಀ䜒ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹 䠄䠎䠅ᖖែ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢䚸⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛿䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 1.7䚸2.0%䚸ศᏊ㔞䛜 35,000䚸68,000 䛾 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯᮲௳䛷᭱䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸䛣䛾㛫䛻ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᙉᗘ䜢᭱㐺䛻䛩䜛 MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ್䛜䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹୍᪉䚸᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛿 䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜ప䛟䠄0.9%䠅䚸ศᏊ㔞䛜᭱䜒㧗䛔䠄123,000䠅MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯᮲௳䛷䚸᭱ 䛾್䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛸ᙎᛶ⋡䜢᭱㐺䛻䛩䜛MAPP 䛿␗䛺䛳䛯䚹 䠄䠏䠅70㻌 °C Ỉ䛻䛶ᜏ㔞䜎䛷ᾐₕ䜢⾜䛳䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛿 MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾᮲ ௳䜘䜚䜒㧗䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸MAPP 䛾䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛸ศᏊ㔞䛿ᙳ㡪䛧䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡ 䛿ᖖែ䛸ྠᵝ䛻䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜ప䛔MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯᮲௳䛷㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛯䚹 䠄䠐䠅྾Ỉᚋ䛾ヨ㦂య䜢䛥䜙䛻⇱䛥䛫䛯᮲௳䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ప䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛾MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿㧗䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛾᮲௳䜘䜚䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛜ప䛔⤖ᯝ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䚸྾Ỉ 䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䜶䝇䝔䝹⤖ྜ䜔Ỉ⣲⤖ྜ䛸䛔䛳䛯ᮌ⢊䛸MAPP 㛫䛾⤖ྜ䛿Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛 䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛯䚹྾Ỉ䛾᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛿MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾᮲௳䜘䜚䜒 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧 䛯᮲௳䛷㧗䛔್䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䛾᮲௳䛷䛿䚸ῧຍ䛧䛯MAPP 䛾✀㢮䛻䜘䛳䛶ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛻ᕪ䛿⏕䛨䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛻䛚䛡䜛ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢ᙎᛶ ⋡䛿䚸ᖖែ䜔྾Ỉ䛸䛿␗䛺䜛ഴྥ䜢♧䛧䛯䚹
䠎䠊䠎㻌 MAPP ≉ᛶ䛾ᙳ㡪䠄MA 㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛾ሙྜ䠅 ๓⠇䛷䛿ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜢᭱㐺䛻䛩䜛 MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ್䛻䛴䛔䛶ゝཬ䛧䛯䛜䚸 MAPP 䛾ῧຍ㔞䜢୍ᐃ䛻䛧䛯ሙྜ䛰䛸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC ෆ䛾 MA 㔞䛜␗䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䚸䜾䝷 䝣䝖⋡䚸ศᏊ㔞➼䛾ᙳ㡪䜢༢⊂䛷ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䚹ᮏ⠇䛷䛿ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻ྵ䜎䜜 䜛MA 㔞䛜୍ᐃ䛻䛺䜛䜘䛖䛻 MAPP 䛾ῧຍ㔞䜢ㄪᩚ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䚸MA 㔞௨እ䛾≉ᛶ䚸≉䛻ศᏊ㔞䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛻䛘䜛ᙳ㡪䜢ホ౯ 䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠍㻌 ヨ㦂᪉ἲ 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍㻌 ౪ヨᮦᩱ ๓⠇䛸ྠᵝ䛾ᮌ⢊䚸PP䚸5 ✀㢮䛾 MAPP 䜢⏝䛧䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠍䠊䠎㻌 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾స〇 ΰ⦎ᆺWPC ෆ䛾 MA 㔞䠄䠅䛿௨ୗ䛾ᘧ(2-8)䛻䜘䜚⟬ฟ䛧䛯䚹 ൌ ܩݎ ൈ ܹெሺʹ െ ͺሻ
ܩݎ䛿ྛ MAPP 䛾䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛷䛒䜚䚸ܹெ䛿 MAPP 䛾㔜㔞䝧䞊䝇䛾ῧຍ㔞䛷䛒䜛䚹MAPP 䛾
ῧຍ㔞䛿䚸๓⠇䛷᭱䛾ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛳䛯 A2 䛻䛚䛡䜛 MA 㔞䠄0.017 wt%䠅䚸᭱䛾 MA 㔞䠄0.034 wt%䠅䛷䛒䛳䛯 A1 䛸ྠ㔞䛸䛺䜛 2 ᮲௳䜢タᐃ䛧䚸MAPP ῧຍ⋡䜢Ỵᐃ䛧䛯䚹Table 2.6 䛻ᮏ⠇䛻䛚䛡䜛ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾㓄ྜẚ䜢♧䛩䚹ᮌ⢊䛿 25 wt%䛻ᅛᐃ䛧䚸MAPP1䚸3䚸4䚸 5 䜢⏝䛔䛯 MA 㔞 0.017 wt%䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿 A1-1.7䚸A3-1.7䚸A4-1.7䚸A5-1.7 䛸䛭䜜䛮䜜 ⛠䛩䜛䚹0.034%䛾᮲௳䜒ྠᵝ䛻 MAPP2䚸3䚸4䚸5 䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜢 A2-3.4䚸A3-3.4䚸 A4-3.4䚸A5-3.4 䛸䛭䜜䛮䜜⛠䛩䜛䚹స〇ᡭἲ䛿๓⠇䛸ྠᵝ䛸䛧䚸2 ㍈ᢲ䛧ฟ䛧ᡂᙧᶵ䜢⏝䛔 䛶䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䛧䚸䛭䛾ᚋ䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䜢ᑠᆺᑕฟᡂᆺᶵ䛻䜘䜚▷ᙧヨ㦂య䚸䝎䞁䝧䝹 ᙧヨ㦂య䛻ᡂᆺ䛧䛯䚹
䠎䠊䠎䠊䠍䠊䠏㻌 ≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶホ౯
䝁䞁䝟䜴䞁䝗䜢⏝䛔䛶ὶື≉ᛶ䜢䚸ヨ㦂య䜢⏝䛔䛶≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢ホ౯䛧䛯䚹ヨ㦂 ᮲௳䚸ヨ㦂ᶵჾ䚸⟬ฟ䛩䜛≉ᛶ್䛿䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠏㻌 ὶື≉ᛶホ౯䚸䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠐㻌 ྾Ỉ≉ᛶ ホ౯䚸䠎䠊䠍䠊䠍䠊䠑㻌 ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶホ౯䛸ྠᵝ䛸䛧䛯䚹䛯䛰䛧䚸྾Ỉ䞉⇱᮲௳䛿⾜䜟䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹
Table 2.6 Codes and formulations of WPCs containing 0.017% and 0.034 % MA amount MAPP.
No. WF PP MAPP1 MAPP2 MAPP3 MAPP4 MAPP5
The condition of 0.017-MA amount
A1-1.7 25 74.50 0.50 - - -
-A3-1.7 25 73.10 - - 1.90 -
-A4-1.7 25 74.15 - - - 0.85
-A5-1.7 25 72.60 - - - - 2.40
The condition of 0.034-MA amount
A2-3.4 25 73.00 - 2.00 - -
-A3-3.4 25 71.20 - - 3.80 -
-A4-3.4 25 73.30 - - - 1.70
-A5-3.4 25 70.20 - - - - 4.80
WF, wood flour; PP, polypropylene.
Characteristics of MAPP1 to 5 are referred to in Table 2.1.
䠎䠊䠎䠊䠎㻌 ⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ
䠎䠊䠎䠊䠎䠊䠍㻌 ὶື≉ᛶ
Fig. 2.4 䛻␗䛺䜛䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘୗ䛻䛚䛡䜛 MA 㔞䜢୍ᐃ䛻䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ 䜢♧䛩䚹MA 㔞 0.017 wt%䛻䛚䛡䜛䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸䛩䜉䛶䛾᮲௳䛷 MAPP ᮍῧຍ 䠄A0䠅䛾ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜘䜚䜒⢓ᗘ䛜పୗ䛧䛯䠄Fig. 2.4a䠅䚹MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 㛫䛷
ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘ 100 s-1䛻䛚䛡䜛⢓ᗘ䛿䚸A1-1.7 䛷 766.5 Pa-s䚸A2 䛷 851.3 Pa-s䚸
A3-1.7 䛷 851.2 Pa-s䚸A4-1.7 䛷 832.6 Pa-s䚸A5-1.7 䛷 802.5 Pa-s 䛸䛺䜚䚸ῧຍ䛧䛯 MAPP 䛾
✀㢮䛻䜘䜚ᕪ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸MAPP ༢య䛷䜏䜙䜜䛯ศᏊ㔞䛾ቑຍ䛻క䛖⢓ᗘ䛾ୖ᪼䛿
ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠄Fig. 2.1b䠅䚹⥆䛔䛶 MA 㔞 0.034 wt%䛻䛚䛡䜛⢓ᗘ䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸A2-3.4 䛿 A0 䛸ྠ➼䛾್䛸䛺䛳䛯䠄Fig. 2.4b䠅䚹䛣䜜௨እ䛾᮲௳䛷䛿 MA ῧຍ䛻䜘䜚䚸ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾⢓ᗘ
䛿᫂䜙䛛䛻ῶᑡ䛧䛯䚹䛫䜣᩿㏿ᗘ100 s-1䛻䛚䛔䛶⢓ᗘ䛿䚸A1 䛷 837.9 Pa-s䚸A2-3.4 䛷 903.6
Pa-s䚸A3-3.4 䛷 775.9 Pa-s䚸A4-3.4 䛷 840.0 Pa-s䚸A5-3.4 䛷 847.5 Pa-s 䛸䛺䜚䚸MAPP 䛻䜘䜚 ᕪ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䛜䚸MAPP 䛾≉ᛶ䛸䛾㛵ಀ䛿᫂░䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸MA 㔞 0.034䚸0.017 wt% 㛫䛾䛫䜣᩿⢓ᗘ䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸A3-3.4 䛿 A3-1.7 䜘䜚䜒⢓ᗘ䛜ప䛛䛳䛯䛜䚸䛭䜜௨እ䛿 MA 㔞䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷⢓ᗘ䛿ୖ᪼䛧䛯䚹 䠎䠊䠎䠊䠎䠊䠎㻌 ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ Fig. 2.5 䛻 MA 㔞䜢୍ᐃ䛻䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇ≉ᛶ䛸 MAPP 䛾ศᏊ㔞䛸䛾㛵ಀ䜢♧ 䛩䚹䛩䜉䛶䛾᮲௳䛾୰䛷䚸MA 㔞 0.034 wt%䚸ศᏊ㔞 35,000䠄A2-3.4䠅䛷᭱䛾ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛸 䛺䛳䛯䚹MA 㔞 0.017 wt%䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ศᏊ㔞 35,000䠄A2-1.7䠅䛷᭱䛾ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䜘 䛳䛶䚸MA 㔞䜢୍ᐃ䛸䛧䛯䚸䛩䛺䜟䛱䚸ᮌ⢊䛸䛾ᛂᛶ䜢୍ᐃ䛻䛧䛯㝿䚸ศᏊ㔞 35,000 䛾 MAPP 䛜ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䜢᭱䛻䛩䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䚹ῧຍ㔞䛾㐪䛔䛷ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸 ศᏊ㔞16,000䚸40,000䚸123,000 䛾 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛿 MA 㔞䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛣 䛸䛷䚸᫂䜙䛛䛻ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䛜ྥୖ䛧䛯䚹◚᩿䜂䛪䜏䛿MA 㔞 0.017 wt%䚸ศᏊ㔞 35,000 䛷᭱
䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹⯡ⓗ䛻ศᏊ㔞0 䛻♧䛧䛯 MAPP ᮍῧຍ᮲௳䛸ẚ㍑䛧䚸◚᩿䜂䛪䜏䛾ྥୖ䛿 ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹 Fig. 2.6 䛻 MA 㔞䜢୍ᐃ䛻䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾᭤䛢≉ᛶ䛸 MAPP 䛾ศᏊ㔞䛸䛾㛵ಀ䜢♧ 䛩䚹MA 㔞 0.034 wt%䚸ศᏊ㔞 35,000 䛷᭱䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹MA 㔞 0.017 wt%䛾᮲௳ 䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛶䜒ศᏊ㔞 35,000 䛾 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ䛧䛯᮲௳䛷᭱䛾᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䛣䜜䛿ᘬ ᙇᙉ䛥䛸ྠᵝ䛾⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠄Fig. 2.5䠅䚹䜎䛯䚸᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䚸ศᏊ㔞 16,000䚸 123,000 䛷䛿ῧຍ⋡䛜ቑຍ䛩䜛䛸ྥୖ䛧䛯䚹䛧䛛䛧䚸MAPP ᮍῧຍ䛾᮲௳䛸ẚ㍑䛧䚸MAPP 䛾ῧຍ䛻䜘䜛᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛾ྥୖ䛿ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䚹๓⠇䛷䛿䚸ศᏊ㔞䛜㧗䛟䚸䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛾 ప䛔 MAPP5 䜢⏝䛔䛯᮲௳䛷ᙎᛶ⋡䛾ྥୖ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䛜䚸ᮏ⠇䛷䛿䛭䛾䜘䛖䛺ഴྥ䛿ぢ䜙 䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠄Table 2.3䠅䚹䛣䜜䛿䚸䇾䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡䛜ప䛔ሙྜ䛿ᮌ⢊䛸 PP 㛫䛾⏺㠃᥋╔䛜༑ศ䛷 䛿䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸Ⲵ㔜䜢ཷ䛡䛯㝿䚸PP 䛻㏣ᚑ䛧䛯ኚᙧ䛜ᑠ䛥䛟䛺䜚䚸䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䚸᭤䛢ᙎᛶ⋡䛜ྥ ୖ䛧䛯䇿䛸䛔䛖⪃ᐹ䜢䛡䜛⤖ᯝ䛸ゝ䛘䜛䚹 Fig. 2.7 䛻 MA 㔞䜢୍ᐃ䛻䛧䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䛾⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛸 MAPP 䛾ศᏊ㔞䛸䛾㛵ಀ䜢♧ 䛩䚹⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛿 MA 㔞 0.034 wt%䛻䛚䛡䜛ศᏊ㔞 35,000 䛚䜘䜃 40,000 䛾 MAPP 䜢ῧຍ 䛧䛯㝿䛻᭱䛸䛺䜚䚸䛭䜜௨ୖ䛾ศᏊ㔞䛷䛿ῶᑡ䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾ഴྥ䛿MA 㔞 0.017 wt%䛾᮲௳ 䛷䜒ྠᵝ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛣䜜䛿ᘬᙇᙉ䛥䚸᭤䛢ᙉ䛥䛸ྠᵝ䛾ഴྥ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠄Figs. 2.6, 2.7䠅䚹 ᘬᙇ䚸᭤䛢䚸⾪ᧁᙉᗘ䛿ศᏊ㔞35,000䚸䜾䝷䝣䝖⋡ 1.7%䛾 MAPP2 䜢⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䠄A2-1.7, A2-3.4䠅䛷᭱䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸MAPP 䛾ῧຍ㔞䛜ከ䛔䜋䛹ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛⤖ ᯝ䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹᪤ 䛾◊✲䛻䜘䜚䚸ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛾≀⌮ⓗ䞉ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䜢᭱䛻䛩䜛 MAPP 䛾
㐺ษ䛺ῧຍ㔞䛜Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Dányádi et al. 2007䠅䚹䛭䛣䛷 MAPP2 䜢
⏝䛔䛯ΰ⦎ᆺWPC 䛻䛴䛔䛶䚸MAPP ῧຍ㔞 5䚸10 wt%䠄MA 㔞 0.085 wt%䚸0.170 wt%䠅䛾
ΰ⦎ᆺ WPC 䜢㏣ຍ䛷స〇䛧䚸ᶵᲔⓗ≉ᛶ䛾ホ౯䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䚸㐺ษ䛺 MAPP ῧຍ㔞䜢☜
䛛䜑䛯䚹䛣䛾䚸ᮌ⢊䛿25 wt%䛻ᅛᐃ䛧䚸MAPP ῧຍ⋡䜢 5䚸10 wt%䛸ኚ䛥䛫䛯䛯䜑䚸PP
