[論説] 過去の南海地震による高知市の堤防被害
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(2) Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖ䛿䠈ᇶ♏ᆅ┙䜔ሐయ䛾ᾮ≧䛜 䛺せᅉ䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮾᆅ᪉ኴᖹὒἈᆅ㟈䛿䠈ᾏ⁁ᆺ 䛾ᕧᆅ㟈䛷䠈⥅⥆㛫䛜㠀ᖖ䛻㛗䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䠈䛭 䜜䛜ᾮ≧⿕ᐖ䜢䛝䛟䛧䛯䠊ᆅ┙䛾ᾮ≧䛻䛴䛔 䛶䛿䠈ྠ䛨ሙᡤ䛷⧞䜚㏉䛧ᾮ≧䛜Ⓨ⏕䛩䜛䛂ᾮ≧ 䛃䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜ᣦ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ⱝᯇ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝䠅䠊䜘䛳䛶䠈 㐣ཤ䛾༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢ㄪ䜉䛶䛚䛟䛣 䛸䛿ᚋ䛾༡ᾏᆅ㟈㜵⅏䜢⪃䛘䜛ୖ䛷㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌 䛸䛣䜝䛜䠈ⴭ⪅䜙䛻䜘䜛ㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈 䛾ᚋ䠈ᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䛻䜘䛳䛶㧗▱ᕷ䛾ᆅ㟈 ⿕ᐖㄪᰝ䛜⾜䜟䜜䠈㻝㻝 ⟠ᡤ䛷ሐ㜵䛜Ỵቯ䛧䛯䛸䛾ሗ ࿌䛜䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄㔠䠈㻝㻥㻠㻥䠅䜒䛾䛾䠈ሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖ ⟠ᡤ䛜䠍䛴䛻䜎䛸䜎䛳䛯ᆅᅗ䛾䜘䛖䛺䜒䛾䛿ぢ䛒䛯䜙䛺 䛔䠊㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ほⅬ䛛䜙䠈୕⚄䞉㎷㔝䜙㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕䛿䠈䛻 ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ᵝ䚻䛺ሗ䜢ά⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈 ሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢 㻝 䛴䛾ᅗୖ䛻䜎䛸䜑䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈୕ ⚄䜙㻔㻞㻜㻝㻟㻕䛿ศᯒ䜢ຍ䛘䠈ሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖせᅉ䛸䛧䛶Ụ ᡞ௦௨㝆䛻㝣ᆅ䛥䜜䛯㡿ᇦ䛛ྰ䛛䛜⿕ᐖ䛾᭷ ↓䜢ᕥྑ䛩䜛䛺せᅉ䛷䛒䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䜢♧䛧䛯䠊㻌 ⴭ⪅䜙䛾䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾ㄪᰝ䛿䠈䛻䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈 䛻䛴䛔䛶⾜䛳䛶䛝䛶䛚䜚䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜔ᐆỌᆅ㟈 䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈༑ศ䛺ㄪᰝ䛜䛷䛝䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯 䜑䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜔ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ䛾⿕ ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈⥅⥆ⓗ䛻ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛝䛯䠊ຍ䛘䛶䠈 ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒䠈᭱㏆䛻䛺䛳䛶ᗄ䛴䛛䛾᭷┈ 䛺ሗ䜢ᚓ䠈䜎䛯䠈⥅⥆ⓗ䛺⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䜢ᐇ䛩䜛䛣䛸 䛷᪂䛯䛻᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛶䛝䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛾䛷䠈ᮏㄽᩥ 䛷䛿䛣䜜䜙䛻䛴䛔䛶ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊ᾏ⁁ᆺ䛾ᕧᆅ㟈䛾 ሙྜ䠈つᶍ䛾䛝䛔వ㟈䛜㛗䛟⥆䛟䠊వ㟈䛻䜘䛳䛶⿕ ᐖ䛜ᣑ䛩䜛䠊㔜ᶵ䛜ᩚഛ䛥䜜䛯⌧௦䛷䛒䜜䜀ᩘ㐌 㛫䛷ᪧ䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ᙜ䛿䛭䛖䛿䛔䛛䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊 䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈ᙜ䛾ே㐩䛿వ㟈䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛 ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛻䜒ᝎ䜎䛥䜜䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈వ 㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ䜒䛒䜟䛫䛶䜎䛸䜑䜛䠊㻌 㧗▱ᕷ䛻᮶く䛩䜛ὠἼ䛾≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶䠈‴䛾ධ䜚ཱྀ 䛜⊃䛟䠈‴ෆ䛜䛝䛔≉Ṧ䛺ᆅᙧຠᯝ䛻䜘䜚䠈ὠἼ䛜 ῶ⾶䛧䜔䛩䛔Ⅼ䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䠈ᐇ㝿䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛷 䛿ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛾ὠἼ䛾Ἴຊ䛻䜘䜛ᙳ㡪䛿ᑡ䛺䛛䛳䛯䛸 ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜔ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛿䛭䛾 㝈䜚䛷䛿䛺䛔䛾䛷䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾ᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈㧗▱ᕷ ᇦ䛻฿㐩䛧䛯ὠἼ䛾㧗䛥䛜䛔䛛䜋䛹䛷䛒䛳䛯䛛䛻㛵 䛩䜛グ㏙䜒ే䛫䛶ᢳฟ䛧䠈ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊㻌 㻌 㼲㻞㻚㻌 䛣䜜䜎䛷䛾䛺ᡂᯝ㻌 ᮏ◊✲䛷䛿䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷䛻༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾㝿䛾㧗 ▱ᕷ䛾Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖⓎ⏕⟠ᡤ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈ᙜసᡂ 䛥䜜䛯㟈ᐖᅗ䠈ᩥ⊩䠈┿䠈ドゝ䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈⌧ᆅㄪᰝ 䜢⧞䜚㏉䛧䠈䜎䛸䜑䛶䛝䛯䠊䛣䛣䛷䛿䠈䜎䛪䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䜢 ♧䛧䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䠈☜ᐃ䛷䛒䛳䛯ሙᡤ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈☜ᐃ䛸 䛺䜛䛻⮳䛳䛯㈨ᩱ䜔᰿ᣐ䜢㏙䜉䜛䠊᭱ᚋ䛻䠈⌧Ⅼ. 䛻䛚䛡䜛᭱᪂∧䛾ᅗ䜢♧䛩䠊㻌 㻌 㻞㻚㻝㻌 ୕⚄䞉㎷㔝㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕䜎䛷䛾ᡂᯝ䛸ㄢ㢟㻌 㻌 ⴭ⪅䜙䛿䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾ᚋ䛻␗䛺䜛ᶵ㛵䛷䜎䛸 䜑䜙䜜䛯㟈ᐖᅗ䠈᪂⪺䜢ྵ䜐ྛ✀ᩥ⊩䠈ᆅ㟈┤ᚋ䛻 䜙䜜䛯┿䠈䛭䜜䛸ドゝ➼䠈⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛㝈䜚䛾ሗ 䜢㞟䛧䠈㧗▱ᕷ䛾Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜎䛸䜑䛶 䛔䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈ኴᖹὒഃ䛛䜙ධ䛳䛯ὠἼ䛿‴ཱྀ 䛜⊃䛟䠈‴ෆ䛜ᗈ䛔ᾆᡞ‴䛾ᆅᙧⓗ䛺ᙳ㡪䛛䜙䠈㧗 ▱ᕷ୰ᚰ㒊䛻⮳䜛Ⅼ䛷䛿ὠἼ㧗䛿 㻢㻜㼏㼙 ⛬ᗘ䛷䛥 䜋䛹㧗䛟䛺䛛䛳䛯䛜䠈㻝㼙 䜢㉸䛘䜛ᗈᇦ䛾ᆅ┙ỿ㝆䜔 ሐ㜵䛾ᙅయ䠄ỿୗ䠅䛻䜘䜚䠈ሐ㜵ኳ➃䛻ᑐ䛧䠈┦ᑐ ⓗ䛻₻䛜 㻞㼙 ⛬ᗘୖ᪼䛩䜛䛣䛸䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䠈 ሐ㜵䛜ᆅ㟈ື䛻䜘䜛䝎䝯䞊䝆䜢ཷ䛡䛯ሙᡤ䛷䛿Ỵቯ 䛻䛴䛺䛜䛳䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊ᅗ 㻝 䛻୕⚄䠈㎷㔝㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕 䛾ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛾䛸䜚䜎䛸䜑⤖ᯝ䜢♧䛩䠊㉥䛔ᐇ⥺ 䛒䜛䛔䛿Ⅼ⥺䛷♧䛧䛯⟠ᡤ䛜䠈ሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖ䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧 䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛⟠ᡤ䛷䛒䜛䠊㻌 䛯䛰䛧䠈ㄢ㢟䛸䛧䛶䛝䛟 㻞 䛴䛒䛳䛯䠊㻝 䛴䛿䠈ⴭ⪅ 䜙䛾ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶⿕ᐖ䛾グ㏙䜢ぢ䛴䛡䜙䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔 ሙᡤ䜢↓⿕ᐖ䛸䛧䛶䛔䛔䛾䛛䠈䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊䛘 䜀䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷㙾ᕝἢ䛔䛾⿕ᐖ䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹ぢ䛔䛰䛫䛶 䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䜒䛖䠍䛴䛿䠈ሙᡤ䛾≉ᐃ䛾⢭ᗘ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛚 䛚䜘䛭䠈䛣䛾䛒䛯䜚䛻⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䛸䛔䛖䛣 䛸䛿䜟䛛䛳䛶䜒䠈☜䛛䛺ሙᡤ䛜䛔䛟䛴䛛䛒䜚䠈ᡂᯝ ᅗ䛷䛿Ⅼ⥺䛷♧䛧䛶䛔䛯䠊䛘䜀䠈䐥䛾ᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ 㜵䛾⿕ᐖ䛿䠈䛂ᘺྑ⾨㛛䛃䛸䛔䛖ᆅ༊ⓗ䛻䛚䛚䜘䛭䛣 䛾䛒䛯䜚䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈≉ᐃ䛻䛿⮳䛳䛶䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊⥅⥆ ⓗ䛺ㄪᰝ䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈䛣䜜䜙䜢ゎỴ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ㄢ㢟䛸䛺 䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊㻌 㻌 㻞㻚㻞㻌 䛄㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛅䜔㧗▱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ㒊 㝃ᒓᆅ㟈ほ ᡤᥦ౪┿䛻䜘䜛㏣ຍሗ䛾ධᡭ㻌 2012ᖺ3᭶䛻䛺䜚䠈䛄ᥥ䛛䜜䛯㧗▱ᕷ䠈㧗▱ᕷྐ ⤮ᅗᆅᅗ⦅䛅䛺䜛㧗▱ᕷ䛾⤮ᅗᆅᅗ䜢㞟䜑䛯ᩥ⊩䛜 ฟ∧䛥䜜䛯䠄㧗▱ᕷ䠈2012䠅䠊䛭䛾୰䛻䛂㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛃䛺䜛㟷↝䛝䛾ᅗ㠃䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸 䜢ぢฟ䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈᪤ᡂ䛾ᆅᅗୖ䛻༡ᾏᆅ㟈 䛻䜘䛳䛶⿕⅏䛧䛯ሐ㜵䜔㐨㊰䛺䛹䛾⟠ᡤ䜢ᡭ᭩䛝䛷 ຍ➹䛧䛯ᅗ㠃䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛾ᅗ䛾Ⓨ⾜ᖺ䠈Ⓨ⾜⪅䛸䜒 ᫂䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈䛂ᡓ๓䛾㒔ᕷィ⏬ⲡᮇ䛛䜙ᡓᚋ⯆ ᮇ䜎䛷䛾20ᩘᖺ㛫䠈㧗▱ᕷ䛾ᅵᮌศ㔝䜢୰ᚰ䛻ᦠ 䜟䛳䛯㧗▱ᕷ⫋ဨ䠈ΎỈ┿䛾ᡭඖ䛻㑇䛥䜜䛯㈨ᩱ 䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈㟈⅏ᚋ䛻㝈䜙䜜䛯ᆅᅗ䜢ά⏝䛧䛶ᛂ ᛴⓗ䛻సᡂ䛥䜜䠈ᪧᕤ䛻ά⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䛯ᅗ䛷䛒 䜛䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䛃䛸䛾ゎㄝ䛜䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊⌧ᅾ䛿䠈㧗▱ ᕷẸᅗ᭩㤋䛻ᡤⶶ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈ⴭ⪅䛿⌧ᆅ䜈㉱䛝䠈 䝕䝆䝍䝹䜹䝯䝷䛻䜘䜛ᙳ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈ヲ⣽䛾ሗ䜢 ධᡭ䛧䛯䠊. -2-.
(3) ᅗ 2 ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ࡼࡿ㧗▱ᕷࡢἙᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤࡢࡲࡵ ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔( 22 ᖺ)Ⓨ⾜ࡢ 2 5 ༓ศࡢ 1 ᆅᙧᅗ(㧗▱)ࢆ⏝ Fig.2 Summary of damage to levees due to Showa-Nankai Earthquake. 䛥䜙䛻䠈᭱㏆䛻䛺䜚䠈㧗▱Ꮫᆅ㟈ほ ᡤ䜘䜚䠈 ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ᙜ䠈㧗▱Ꮫᩥ⌮Ꮫ㒊ᆅᏛᩍᐊ䛾ᩍ ဨ䛷䛒䛳䛯ἑᮧṊ㞝Ặ䛻䜘䛳䛶ᙳ䛥䜜䛯160ᯛ 䛻ཬ䜆༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾⿕ᐖ┿䛾ᥦ౪䜢ཷ䛡䛯䠊 ௨ୖ䜢䜒䛸䛻䠈ᅗ 㻞 䛻ຍ➹䜢⾜䛳䛯䜒䛾䛜ᅗ 㻟 䛷䛒 䜛䠊ⴭ⪅䜙䛻䜘䜛ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛾᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ䛸䛄㧗▱ᕷ 㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛅䛾ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛿ᴫ䛽୍⮴䛧䛶䛔䜛 䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ἑᮧẶᙳ䛾┿䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈 ᙳ⨨䛾≉ᐃ䛜䛷䛝䛯䜒䛾䜢ᅗ䛻䕦䛷♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊 䛣䜜䜙䛿䠈ᡃ䚻䛾ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛸ᩚྜ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊 䛄㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛅䛸䛧䛶㟷䜔㟷⥺䛜䝥 䝻䝑䝖䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛⟠ᡤ䛷ⴭ⪅䜙䛜᥎ᐃ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔⟠ᡤ 䛜ᩓぢ䛥䜜䜛䛜䠈䛣䜜䛿ⴭ⪅䜙䛾ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛜⿕ᐖつ ᶍ䛾䛝䛔ᆅⅬ䛾ᢕᥱ⤖ᯝ䛷䛒䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈䛄㧗▱ ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛅䛻䛿ẚ㍑ⓗつᶍ䛜ᑠ䛥䛔⿕ ᐖ䜒ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䛸᥎ᐹ䛥䜜䜛䠊᪂䛯䛺㈨ᩱ䜢ぢ ฟ䛧䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿ᥦ౪䜢ཷ䛡䛯ᚋ䠈⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䜢㔜䛽䠈ሙ ᡤ䛾≉ᐃ䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊㻌 㻌 㻞㻚㻟㻌 ㏣ຍሗ㈨ᩱ䛻䜘䜛☜ᐃ⟠ᡤ䛾≉ᐃ㻌 㻌 䛄㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛅䛾ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛾ሗ䜔 㧗▱Ꮫᆅ㟈ほ ᡤ䛾┿ᥦ౪䜢ཧ⪃䛻㏣ຍ䛾⌧ ᆅㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈䛣䜜䜙䛾㏣ຍሗ䛜䛝䛳 䛛䛡䛸䛺䜚䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷᫂☜䛷䛒䛳䛯䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾ᆅⅬ. 䛷⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢☜ᐃ䛩䜛䛻⮳䛳䛯䠊㻌 㻌 (1) Ụ䝜ཱྀᕝἢ䛔䛾⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 ᅗ 㻟 䛷Ụ䝜ཱྀᕝ䛻ἢ䛳䛯䐡䡚䐦䛾༊㛫䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈 ⿕ᐖ䛜᩿⥆ⓗ䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛸᥎ᐹ䛿䛥䜜䛯䛜䠈 ᫂☜䛺᰿ᣐ䛿䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊ᅗ 㻠 䛻♧䛩ἑᮧẶᙳ䛾 ┿䛿䠈Ụ䝜ཱྀᕝ䛻ἢ䛳䛯ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䜢♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈 ᡃ䚻䛾ㄪᰝ䛷✵ⓑᆅᖏ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䜢⿵䛩䜛䜒 䛾䛸䛧䛶ኚ᭷┈䛺ሗ䛷䛒䜛䠊ሐ㜵䛾⫼ᚋ䛻䜺䝇䝍 䞁䜽䛜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈䛣䜜䛜ᅄᅜ䜺䝇䛷䛒䜚䠈⌧ᅾ䜒䛭 䛾ሙᡤ䛻䛒䜛䛾䛷䠈ሙᡤ䛾≉ᐃ䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈 ሐ㜵ኳ➃䛻ᑐ䛧䠈Ụ䝜ཱྀᕝ䛾Ỉ㠃䛜㠀ᖖ䛻㧗䛔䛣䛸 䛜䜟䛛䜚䠈ኚ⯆῝䛔䠊㻌 㻌 (2) ᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ㜵䐥䛻䛴䛔䛶 ሐ㜵⿕ᐖշࡢᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ㜵ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅗ 5 ୖ ࡢ㧗▱ᕷᥦ౪┿ࡽࡣ㸪⫼ᚋࡢᒣࡢ⛸⥺ࡀぢ࠼ ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪௨๓ࡣ㸪⿕ᐖࡢሙᡤࡀࠕᘺྑ⾨㛛ࠖ ࠸࠺ᆅ༊༢࡛ࡋࢃࡽ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪 ᅗ 2 ࡛ࡣ᥎ᐃ⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤࢆⅬ⥺࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ᅇ㸪 㧗▱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ㒊㝃ᒓᆅ㟈ほ ᡤࡽᥦ౪ࡋ࡚㡬࠸ ࡓ┿ࡢ 1 ᯛỤࣀཱྀᕝࡿᶫᱱࡢ⿕ᐖ┿ ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ᅗ 5 ୖ㸧㸬ࡇࡢ┿ࢆࡼࡃぢࡿ㸪ᒣ⫙ ࡢᶍᵝࡀぢ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀᅗ 5 ୖࡢỴቯ ࡋࡓᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ㜵ࡢ⫼ᚋࡢᒣ⫙ࡢᶍᵝ୍⮴ࡋ࡚. -3-.
(4) ᅗ3. ༡ᾏᆅ㟈ࡼࡿ㧗▱ᕷࡢἙᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࠕ㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤࠖ ࡢẚ㍑㸦ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔( 22 ᖺ)Ⓨ⾜ࡢ 2 5 ༓ศࡢ 1 ᆅᙧᅗ(㧗▱)ࢆ⏝㸧 Fig.3 Summary of damage to levees due to Showa-Nankai Earthquake (new information added).. ࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ᅗ 5 ୗࡢ┿ࡣ⫼ᚋࡢᒣࡢ ⛸⥺ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚㸪ᒣࡢ⛸⥺ࡣᙜ⌧ᅾ࡛ ࢇኚࡀ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᅗ 5 ୗࡢ┿ ࡢᒣࡢ⛸⥺ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ᅗ 5 ୖࡢᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ 㜵ࡢሙᡤࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ⪃࠼ࡓ㸦ᒣ⫙ࡢᶍᵝࡣᙜ ⌧ᅾ࡛␗࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࡢሗࡣࢃ࡞࠸㸧㸬ࡑ ࡇ࡛⌧ᆅ㉱ࡁ㸪ᒣࡢ⛸⥺ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࡇࢁ㸪ᅗ 5 ୗࡢ┿ࡣ㸪Ụࣀཱྀᕝࡢ᭱ࡶୗὶ㒊࠶ࡿᘺྑ ⾨㛛ᶫ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡗࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᘺྑ⾨㛛 ᶫᒣ⫙ࡢᶍᵝࡢ⨨㛵ಀ㸪ᒣ⫙ࡢᶍᵝࡢ⨨ ᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ㜵ࡢ⨨㛵ಀࢆ┿ࡽุ᩿ࡋ㸪ࡘ㸪 ⌧ᆅ࡛ᕝࡢ‴᭤ࡢྥࡁࢆేࡏ࡚⪃࠼㸪᭱⤊ⓗุ ᩿ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪շࡢᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ㜵ࡢ⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤࢆᅗ 3 ♧ࡍࡼ࠺㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ᥎ᐃ⟠ᡤࡼࡾࡸࡸୖὶഃ ☜ᐃࡍࡿ⮳ࡗࡓ㸬㻌 㻌 (3) ᖏ⏣༡᪉୰ሐ䐫䛻䛴䛔䛶㻌 ⌧ᅾ䠈䛣䛾୰ሐ䛿ṧ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䛯䜑䠈䜎䛯ⴭ⪅䜙 䛾ㄪᰝ⠊ᅖ䛷䛿䠈୰ሐ䛜䛒䛳䛯⨨䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛥 䛘䛷䛝䛺䛛䛳䛯䛯䜑䠈௨๓䛿ᅗ 6 ᕥ䛾┿䛰䛡䛷䛿 ⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛾≉ᐃ䛿ኚᅔ㞴䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊⌧ᅾ䠈䛣䛾䛒 䛯䜚䛾ሙᡤ䛷䛿䠈୰పᒙ䛷䛿䛒䜛䛜ᘓ≀䛜❧䛱୪䜃䠈 ᒣ䛾⛸⥺䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸⮬య䠈ኚᅔ㞴䛺సᴗ䛸䛺. 䛳䛶䛧䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊ᅇ䠈䛄㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ ᡤ䛅䜢ධᡭ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈䛭䛾䛒䛯䜚䛻♧䛥䜜䛯ሐ㜵⿕ ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢㡰ḟ䜎䜟䜚䛺䛜䜙䠈ᅗ 6 ᕥ䛾ᙜ䛾┿䛻 䛳䛯ᒣ䛾⛸⥺䛜୍⮴䛩䜛ሙᡤ䜢᥈䛧䛶䛔䛳䛯䠊䛣 䛾䜘䛖䛺㏣ຍㄪᰝ䛾⤖ᯝ䠈䐫䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢☜ᐃ䛩䜛 䛻⮳䛳䛯䠊㻌 㻌 (4) ⯪␃ሙሐ㜵վࡘ࠸࡚ 䐬䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈䛂ᆅ㟈䛻క䛖㧗₻䛾䛯䜑㧗▱ᕷⴗ⏫ ᅵబ㟁ᕤሙ䜘䜚ᱞᶫ䛻䛛䛡䛶ሐ㜵⣙ඵ༑⡿Ỵ₽ 䛧䞉䞉䞉䛃䛺䜛䛄༡ᾏ㟈⅏ㄅ䠄㧗▱┴䠈1949䠅䛅䛾グ㏙ 䠄ⴭ⪅ὀ䠖 ᅵబ㟁ᕤሙ䛸䛿䠈⌧ᅾ䛾ᮾὒ㟁ᕤᴗ 䛾䛣䛸䠅䛜䛒䜚䠈䛚䛚䜘䛭䛾ሙᡤ䛿䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊䛧䛛 䛧䠈䛣䛾䛒䛯䜚䛿୰ᒙ䛾ᘓ≀䜔ᕤሙ䛜ከ䛟❧䛱୪䜃䠈 㧗▱ᕷᥦ౪䛾┿䠄ᅗ7ୖ䠅䛻䛳䛶䛔䜛༡ᾏᏛᕤ ሙ䛾⫼ᚋ䛾ᒣ䛾⛸⥺䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛺䛔≧ែ䛷䛒䛳䛯䛯 䜑䠈ሙᡤ䛾≉ᐃ䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔䛷䛔䛯䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈⌧ᆅㄪᰝ 䛻ඛ❧䛱䠈Google Earth䛾䝇䝖䝸䞊䝖䝡䝳䞊䜢ά⏝䛩䜛 䛺䛹䛧䛶䠈⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛾≉ᐃ䜢ヨ䜏䛶䛔䛳䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ ᯝ䠈㢮ఝ䛧䛯ᒣ䛾⛸⥺䜢☜ㄆ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䛯䜑䠈 ⌧ᆅ䜈㉱䛝䠈㧗▱ 䛾ྜྠᗇ⯋䛾ᒇୖ䛻ୖ䜛チྍ䜢 㡬䛝䠈ᅗ7ୗ䛾┿䜢ᙳ䛧䛯䠊ᅗ7䛾ୖᕥ䛾ᙜ䛾. -4-.
(5) ᅗ 4 Ụ䝜ཱྀᕝἢ䛔䛾ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䠄㧗▱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ 㒊㝃ᒓᆅ㟈ほ ᡤᥦ౪䠅 Fig.4 Photo of levee along Enokuchi levee. ┿䛸䠈ᅗ7ୗ䛾ⴭ⪅ᙳ䛾┿䛷䛿ᒣ䛾⛸⥺䛜୍ ⮴䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䐬䛾⯪␃ሙሐ㜵ࡢỴቯࡢ⨨ࢆ≉ᐃࡍ 䜛䛻⮳䛳䛯䠊 ௨ୖ䛻䜘䜚䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷☜ᐃ䛰䛳䛯⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛾 4 ⟠ ᡤ䛾⨨䛻䛴䛔䛶☜ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䛾䛷䠈䛭䛾䛖 䛱䠈Ⅼ⥺䛷♧䛧䛶䛔䛯䐥䠈䐫䠈䐬䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛻䛴䛔 䛶䠈Ⅼ⥺䛷䛾⾲♧䛛䜙ᐇ⥺䛷䛾⾲♧䛻ኚ᭦䛧䛯䠄ᅗ 3䠅䠊㻌 㻌 㼲㻟㻚㻌 Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ㻌 ௨ୖ䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯▱ぢ䛿䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾 㝈ᐃⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䠊䜘䜚ᬑ㐢ⓗ䛺⤖ㄽ䜢ᚓ䜛䛯䜑䛻 䛿䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈௨๓䛾༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒Ἑᕝ ሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖ䜢ᩥ⊩䛷ㄪᰝ䛧䠈ᮏ⤖ᯝ䛾ᬑ㐢ᛶ䜢☜ㄆ 䛧䛶䛚䛟䛣䛸䛜ᮃ䜎䛧䛔䠊㻌 䛭䛣䛷䠈ⴭ⪅䜙㻔㻞㻜㻝㻞㻕䛿䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜔ᐆỌᆅ 㟈䛻䜘䜛⌧ᅾ䛾㧗▱ᕷ䛻䛚䛡䜛ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈 ᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ㻔㻝㻥㻤㻣㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐ ᩱ➨ᕳ䠈ูᕳ䠉䛅䜔䠈ᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ 㻔㻝㻥㻤㻟㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨୕ᕳูᕳ䛅䠈㧗▱ ┴❧ᅗ᭩㤋㻔㻞㻜㻜㻡㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄ᅵబᅜ⩌᭩㢮ᚑ䛅䜔㛫ᇛ 㻔㻞㻜㻝㻝㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛅䜔㛫ᇛ㻔㻝㻥㻥㻡㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄ᐆỌ༡ ᾏᆅ㟈䛅䜢䜒䛸䛻ᩥ⊩ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛔䠈Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛻㛵䛩䜛 グ㏙䜢ᣠ䛔ฟ䛧䠈᳨ウ䜢ຍ䛘䛶䛝䛯䠊䜎䛯䠈ᆅྡ䜢≉ ᐃ䛩䜛䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈ᖹซ♫㻔㻝㻥㻤㻟㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄㧗▱┴䛾 ᆅྡ䛅䜔ཎ⏣䞉㻔㻝㻥㻣㻥㻕䛻䜘䜛䛄ኳಖ༑ᖺ㻔㻝㻥㻠㻝㻕ᅵ బᅜ㧗▱ᇛୗ⏫⤮ᅗ䛅䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈⾲ 㻝 䛾 㻭㻝䡚㻭㻝㻝 䛾グ㏙䜢ぢฟ䛧䛯䠊ᮏㄽᩥ䛷䛿䠈㻭㻝㻞 ௨㝆 䛻᪂䛯䛻ぢฟ䛧䛯グ㏙䜢グ㍕䛩䜛䠊㻌 1854 ᖺ䛾Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾㝿䛾㧗▱ᕷ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ἑ ᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾グ㏙䜢⾲ 1 䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈. ᅗ5 ᘺྑ⾨㛛ሐ㜵ࡢỴቯ⿕ᐖ 㸦ୖ㸪㧗▱ᕷᡤⶶ㸧Ụࣀཱྀᕝࡢᶫᱱࡢ⿕ᐖ 㸦ୗ㸪ἑᮧṊ㞝Ặᙳ㸪㧗▱Ꮫ⌮Ꮫ㒊㝃ᒓᆅ 㟈ほ ᡤᥦ౪㸧 Fig.5 Damage to Yaemon levee. ᅗ 8 䛾ᆅᅗ䛻ሐ䛾⿕ᐖⓎ⏕⟠ᡤ䜢♧䛩䠊ሐ㜵䛾⿕ ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢ᴫ䛽≉ᐃ䛷䛝䛯ሙྜ䛻䛿ᐇ⥺䠄Ᏻᨻ䛜㟷䠈 ᐆỌ䛜⥳䠅䛷♧䛧䠈ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛜᫂☜䛺ሙྜ䛻 䛿Ⅼ⥺䛷䠈ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛜ᮧ༢䛷䛧䛛䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔 ሙྜ(䛭䛾ᮧ䛾䛹䛣䛛)䛿䠈ᮧ䛾୰ᚰ䛻 A3 䜔 H5 ➼䛾 グྕ䜢䛧䠈Ⅼ⥺䛾䛷ᅖ䜣䛷♧䛩䛣䛸䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌 Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾Ⓨ⏕䛿䠈㻝㻤㻡㻠 ᖺ䠄Ᏻᨻඖᖺ䠙 Ọᖺ䠅㻝㻞 ᭶ 㻞㻠 ᪥䠄༑୍᭶᪥䠅䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈వ㟈䛜 ከ䛟Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈వ㟈䛻䜘䛳䛶⿕ᐖ䜢ཷ䛡䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ 䜒䛒䜛䛾䛷䠈ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕䛛䜙ᩘ䞄᭶䛻䜟䛯䛳䛶䛾ሐ䛾⿕ ᐖ䛾グ㏙䜢ᣠ䛔ฟ䛩䛣䛸䛻䛩䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈. -5-.
(6) ᅗ6. ᅗ7. ᖏ⏣༡᪉୰ሐࡢỴቯ⿕ᐖ㸦ᕥ㸪㧗▱ᕷᡤⶶ㸧⌧ᅾࡢ┿㸦ྑ㸪ⴭ⪅ᙳ㸧 Fig.6 Damage to levee in Obita.. ⯪␃ሙሐ㜵ࡢỴቯ Fig.7. ୖ 2 ࡘࡣᙜࡢ┿㸦㧗▱ᕷᡤⶶ㸧㸪ୗࡣⴭ⪅ᙳ Damage to levee in Funadomeba.. 䛾つᶍ䛿 㻹㻤㻚㻠 䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠄Ᏹబ⨾䠈㻞㻜㻜㻟䠅䠈 ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜘䜚つᶍ䛜䛝䛔䛾䛷䠈ኴᖹὒ䛛䜙㧗▱ ᕷ䛻⮳䜛ᆅᙧຠᯝ䛻䜘䜛ὠἼ䛾ῶ⾶䜢⪃៖䛧䛶䜒䠈 ὠἼ㧗䛿䛭䜜䛺䜚䛻䠄䛩䛺䜟䛱䠈ሐయ䛾Ᏻᐃ䛻ᙳ㡪 䜢䛘䜛䜋䛹䠅㧗䛛䛳䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䠈䛣䛣䛷. 䛿䠈ὠἼ㧗䛻䜒╔┠䛧䛶䠈㛵㐃䛩䜛グ㏙䜢ྲྀ䜚ฟ䛩䛣 䛸䛸䛧䛯䠊㻌 䛺䛚䠈ᮏㄽᩥ䛷᪂䛯䛻ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛾グ㏙䜢ぢฟ䛩 䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈♫ᅋἲேᅄᅜᘓタᘯ῭䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞䠅䛜 㐠⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䛄ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇䛅䜢ά⏝䛧䛯䠊㻌㻌. -6-.
(7) 㻌 㻟㻚㻝㻌 ὠἼ㧗䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㏙㻌 䛄ᅵబᅜᆅ㟈ᖼᚚᇛୗⅆୟộධஅᐇ㘓 அ䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈䛂䛭䛾◅ⴱᓥᕝ䜘䜚㧗㡲ᮧ䜈ධ᮶䛯 䜛ᾉ㧗䛥ᅄᑻ䜀䛛䜚䛻ぢ䜖䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖グ㏙䛜䛒䜚䠈┠ど 䛷䛿䛒䜛䛜㧗▱ᕷ䛾ᕷ⾤ᆅ䛻㏆䛔䛸䛣䜝䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒䠈 㻝㼙 䜢㉸䛘䜛ὠἼ㧗䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜᥎ᐹ䛥䜜䜛䠊㻌 㻌 㻟㻚㻞㻌 ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ䛻㛵䛩䜛᪂䛯䛺グ㏙㻌 ᅇ䠈ぢฟ䛧䛯ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㏙䜢グ䛩䠊㻌 䛄ᚚᅜኚ␎䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈ᆅ㟈䛾 㻞 ᪥ᚋ䛾 㻝㻞 ᭶ 㻞㻢 ᪥䠈䛂₻Ỉ⊰㧗䛟ୗᆅ᪂⏣⏣㎶ᓥ䛾ሐᡤ䚻ษ䜜䠈 ᪂⏫㕲◙⏫₻Ụ᪂⏣ୗᆅ䛿ㄽẚᓥ୍ᐑⷭ㔝㎾୍ 㠃䛾ᾏ䛸䛺䜛䛃䛸䛔䛖グ㏙䛜䛒䜚䠈⏣㎶ᓥ䛾ሐ䛜Ỵቯ䛧 䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊㧗▱ᕷὠ⏣㎶ᓥ䠄䛯䜉䛧䜎䠅䛸䛔䛖 ሙᡤ䛜䛒䜚䠈䛣䛣䛰䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿䠈⾲ 㻝 䛾 㻭㻝㻜 䛸 䜋䜌ྠ䛨ሙᡤ䛾⿕ᐖ䛰䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䛾䛷䠈㻭㻝㻜 䛾ḍ䛻 ㏣グ䛧䛯䠊⌧ᅾ䛾ᅜศᕝ䛿༡ୗ䛧䛯ᚋ䠈ᾆᡞ‴䛻ὀ 䛞䛣䜣䛷䛔䜛䛜䠈ᙜ䛿⌧ᅾ䜘䜚䜒ᮾഃ䛾ὶ㊰䜢䛯䛹 䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈ᮾ䛛䜙༡す䛻ྥ䛛䛳䛶ὶ䜜䛯ᚋ䠈ᾆᡞ‴ 䛻ὀ䛔䛷䛔䛯䛣䛸䛜 㻝㻤㻜㻜 ᖺ䛾ึ㢌䛻ᐇ䛥䜜䛯 㔞 䜢䜒䛸䛻స䜙䜜䛯ఀ⬟୰ᅗ䠄㻝㻥㻥㻟䠅䛛䜙᥎ᐹ䛥䜜䜛䠊䜎 䛯䠈䛂₻Ỉ⊰㧗䛟䛃䛾䜘䛖䛻䠈₻䛜㧗䛔䛣䛸䛜グ㏙䛥 䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾㝿䜒䠈㧗▱ᕷ䛷䛿ᆅ┙䛾 ỿ㝆䛜⏕䛨䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊㻌 䛄ᅵబᅜᆅ㟈ᖼᚚᇛୗⅆୟộධஅᐇ㘓 அ䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈䛂✺ᾉ䛾䠈ⴱᓥ䛾ሐ༑୕㛫䜀 䛛䜚䠈㧗㡲ᮧᕥྑ⾨㛛䛾ሐ༑㛫䛾వ䠈ᘺྑ⾨㛛䛾 ሐ༑㛫䜀䛛䜚䠈ẚᓥ䛾୰ሐ䠈ୗᆅ䛾ሐ䠈₻Ụ䛾ሐ䠈 ୰ሐ䛺䛹₻ᢲ䛧ษ䜛䠊ᢁㅖ᪉䛾ሐ୕ᅄᑻᅄᑻ䜚 ษ䜛䠊䛭䛾ෆ➉ᮌἑᒣ䛻⏕䛔❧䛱䛯䜛ሐ䛿ᐜ᫆䛻ษ 䜜䛪䠊䛃䛺䜛グ㏙䛜䛒䜚䠈ከ䛟䛾ሐ䛷⿕ᐖ䛜䛒䛳䛯䛣䛸䠈 䜎䛯䠈➉ᯘ䛜⦾ⱱ䛧䛯ሐ䛿ᆅ㟈䜔ὠἼ䛻ᑐ䛧䛶ᙉ䛛 䛳䛯䛣䛸䜒ఛ䛔▱䜜䜛䠊䛂ẚᓥ䛾୰ሐ䛃䛾⿕ᐖ䜢 㻭㻝㻞 䛸 䛧䛶⾲♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䝢䞁䝫䜲䞁䝖䛷ሙᡤ䜢≉ᐃ䛷䛝䛯䜟 䛡䛷䛿䛺䛔䛾䛷䠈Ⅼ⥺䛷⾲♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 䛄ᐥṓฎ㘓䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈䛂ᘘ௦⏫䛻䛶䛿᪉ሐ 㜵䛾పୗ䛺䜛ᡤ䛃䛺䜛グ㏙䛜䛒䜚䠈ሐ㜵䛜ỿୗ䛧䛶䛔 䛯䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䜛䠊䛣䜜䜢 㻭㻝㻟 䛸䛧䛶⾲♧䛧䛯䠊䜎䛯䛂䞉䞉䞉 ㅖᇼᕝ䛻⁄䜜ሐ㜵䜢㉺䛧䛶ྛேᐙ䜢ᾐᐖ䛩䜛䛒䜚 䛶䞉䞉䞉䛃䛾グ㏙䛛䜙䠈ỿୗ䛧䛯ሐ㜵䛾ୖ䜢Ἑᕝ䛾Ỉ䛜 ⁄ὶ䛧䛶䛔䛯ᵝᏊ䛜䛖䛛䛜䛘䜛䠊㻌 䛄ᅵబᅜᆅ㟈ᖼᚚᇛୗⅆୟộධஅᐇ㘓 அ䛅䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈䛂✺ᾉึ䜑䛶ධ᮶䛯䜛䠈ⴱᓥ䛾እ ㍯ሐ༑୕㛫⛬ษ䜜䛃䛸䛾グ㏙䛜䛒䜚䠈䛣䜜䜢 㻭㻝㻠 䛸 䛧䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ⴱᓥ䛾እ㍯ሐ䛾⨨䛜䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔䛯䜑䠈 ᆅᅗୖ䛻䛿⾲♧䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㻌 㻌 㼲㻠㻚㻌 ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ㻌 ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛿䠈㻝㻣㻜㻣 ᖺ 㻝㻜 ᭶ 㻞㻤 ᪥䠄ᐆỌᅄᖺ༑᭶ᅄ ᪥䠅䛻Ⓨ⏕䛧䛯䠊䝬䜾䝙䝏䝳䞊䝗䛿䠈㻤㻚㻢 䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛶. 䛔䜛䠊㻌 㻌 㻠㻚㻝㻌 ὠἼ㧗䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㏙㻌 䛄㇂⛸グ䛅䛻䛿䠈ኴᖹὒ䛛䜙ᾆᡞ‴䜈ධ䛳䛶䛩䛠䛾 ᚚ␚℩䜔℩ᡞ䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䛄ஸᡤ䠈₻䝝ᒣ䝬䝕䛅䛾グ㏙ 䛜䛒䜛䠈ᾆᡞ‴䛾䛻䛒䜛₻Ụ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䠈䛄₻䝝 ᒣ䝬䝕䠈ᐙ䝙䝰䛅䛺䜛グ㏙䛜䛒䜚䠈ᾆᡞ‴䛻ධ䛳䛯 Ⅼ䛾䜏䛺䜙䛪䠈ᾆᡞ‴䛷ὠἼ䛾ໃ䛔䛜䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䠈ῶ ⾶䛧䛯ᚋ䜒䠈௨๓䛸䛧䛶㧗䛔ὠἼ㧗䜢⥔ᣢ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣 䛸䛜᥎ᐹ䛥䜜䜛䠊䜘䛳䛶䠈䛣䛾Ⅼ䛻䛚䛔䛶༡ᾏᆅ 㟈䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䠈㧗▱ᕷᇦ䛾Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈௬䛻 ᆅ㟈ື䜢ཷ䛡䛯ᚋ䠈䛺ሐ㜵䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒䠈ὠἼ䛭 䛾䜒䛾䛻䜘䛳䛶ሐ䛜◚ቯ䛥䜜䛯ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜䛒䜛䠄䛩䛺䜟 䛱䠈ሐ䛾⿕ᐖせᅉ䛜ᆅ㟈ື䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ὠἼ䛻䜘䜛Ἴ ຊ䛷䛒䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒䛒䜛䠅䠊㻌 㻌 㻠㻚㻞㻌 ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ䛻㛵䛩䜛グ㏙㻌 1707 ᖺ䛾ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛾㝿䛾Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶 䛾グ㏙䜢⾲ 2 䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻䠈ᅗ 8 䛻Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ 㟈䛾ሙྜ䛸ྠᵝ䛺᪉ἲ䛷⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢♧䛩䠊 䛄ᐆỌᆅ㟈グ䛅䛷䛿䠈ᆅ㟈Ⓨ⏕᪥⩣᪥䛾 㻝㻜 ᭶ 㻞㻥 ᪥䛾グ㏙䛸䛧䛶䠈䛂୕㤳䜘䜚྾Ụ䛾Ώ䛧䜎䛷䛾㛫䛺䜛 㛗ሐ䛿௨䛶䛾እ䛻ᔂ䜜䛶ộ䛾㏻㊰䛸䛺䜛䛻䛝䛶䠈 䛾ᚋ䛿ᇼワ䜘䜚ྛ(䡱䢅䡱䢅)⯚䛻䜚䛶྾Ụ䜈Ώ䜛䛻䠈 ᮏ䛾ሐ䛿ᡤ䛻䜘䜚䛶ộ䛾῝䛥୍(⣙ 3m) వ䜒᭷䜚䛧 䛸ஓ䠊䛃䛺䜛グ㏙䛜䛒䜛䠊䛂྾Ụ䛃䛸䛿ᾆᡞ‴ዟᮾഃ୍ ᖏ䜢⾲䛩ᆅᇦ⛠䛷䛒䜛䠄ゅᕝ᪥ᮏᆅྡ㎡䠈 㻝㻥㻤㻢䠅䠊䛂୕㤳䛃䛿」ᩘ䛾ᆅྡ䛛䜙᥈䛧䛯䜒䛾䛾 ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛚䜙䛪䠈⌧Ⅼ䛷䛿ᐃ䛛䛷䛺䛔䛜䠈ఝ䛯 ᆅྡ䛻䛂୕䝒㢌䛃䛜䛒䜛䠊䛭䛾ᚋ䠈ᇼワ䜘䜚⯚䛻䛳䛶 ྾Ụ䜈䜟䛯䛳䛯䠈䛸䛒䜛䛾䛷䠈୕䛴㢌䛾䛣䛸䛰䛸⪃䛘䠈 㻴㻡 䛸䛧䛶⾲♧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㻌 䛭䛾䠈䛄ᐆỌᆅ㟈グ䛅䛻䛿䠈䛂ேᐙ䛾㊧䛿ᾏ䛸ᡂ䜚 ᅾ䚻ộ␃䛾ሐር㟈₻䛻ษ䜜ᔂ䜜䛶䠈ᅜ୰䛾Ỉ⏣ ᩘ䚻ộᅵ䛸䛺䜚ಟ⌮ྔ䜟䛦䜛ᡤከ䛧䠊䛃䛸䛔䛖グ㏙䜒䛒 䜛䠊ộ␃䛿₻␃䛸䜒᭩䛛䜜䜛䜘䛖䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈⬥㻔㻝㻥㻥㻠㻕 䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈ᾆᡞ‴ዟ䛻ᖸᣅ┠ⓗ䛾䛝䛺₻␃ሐ䛜䛒 䛳䛯䛣䛸䛜᭩䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈ヲ⣽䛺⨨䛿䜟䛛䜙䛺䛔 䛾䛷䠈ᆅᅗୖ䛻䛿♧䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊㻌 㻌 㼲㻡㻚㻌 䛚䜟䜚䛻㻌 ⴭ⪅䜙䛿䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛾㝿䛾㧗▱ᕷ䛻䛚䛡䜛Ἑ ᕝሐ㜵䛾⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䜢䠈⏝ྍ⬟䛺ᵝ䚻䛺㈨ᩱ䜢䜒䛸 䛻᥎ᐃ䛧ᆅᅗୖ䛻䜎䛸䜑䜛సᴗ䜢⥅⥆ⓗ䛻⾜䛳䛶䛔 䜛䠊䛣䛾ᗘ䠈䛄㧗▱ᕷ㟈⅏ᪧᕤ⟠ᡤ䛅䜔㧗▱Ꮫ ⌮Ꮫ㒊㝃ᒓᆅ㟈ほ ᡤᥦ౪┿➼䛾᭷┈䛺ሗ䜢 ᚓ䠈㏣ຍ䛾⌧ᆅㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈䛣䜜䜎䛷☜ᐃ䛷 䛒䛳䛯ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ⟠ᡤ䛾ᗄ䛴䛛䜢☜ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝 䛯䠊 䜘䜚ᬑ㐢ⓗ䛺⤖ㄽ䜢ᚓ䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䜔 ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛾㝿䛾ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒⥅⥆ⓗ䛻ㄪᰝ. -7-.
(8) ␒ྕ A1. A2. A3 A4. A5 A6 A7 A8. A9 A10. A11 A12. A13 A14. ⾲ 1 Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ Table 1 Damage to levee by Ansei-Nankai Earthquake. ᩥ⊩䛜ᥖ㍕䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ྐᩱ㞟 ᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䜛グ㏙ ᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䛳 䛯ᩥ⊩ 䛂ୗ▱䝜ሐയ䝭ⴱᔱ䝜Ώ䛧ሙ䝶䝸䛚䝰䝜Ώ䛧 ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䞉༡ᾏᆅ㟈䠄㛫ᇛ䠅 ሙஅ ゅ䝖㎾ 䝝ሐ䛾┠ ᖜ୕ᑻ 䜘䜚 ኍᑻ ㎾䠈䞉䞉䞉䛃 䛂ⴱᓥ䝶䝸⤯ᾏ䜈㏻ሐ୕ᣠ㛫ィ䛝䜜䠈䛛䛴䜙 ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- ㎶ேᐙ䜢ጞ䝯⤯ᾏ㧗㡲᪂ᮌᒇ㢌㮵ඣᒣ䛾➃ 䜎䛷୍䛾ᾏ䛸䛺䜛䛃 䞉༡ᾏᆅ㟈䠄㛫ᇛ䠅 䛂ୗ▱༡䛾ሐ୧᪉䜈䛡භᑻ䜋䛹䜒䛯 ୕⅏㘓 䞉ᅵబᅜ⩌᭩㢮ᚑ➨ᕳ 䜚䛃 䛂₻⪋ୗ▱ᮧᨭ㓄அ୰ᡤ䚻ሐษ䝅䠈୰䝙 ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䜒ୗ▱䝜እ᭤㍯ሐษ䠈᪂⏫䞉⃰ே⏫䞉Ⲕ ᅬሙ⏫㎾୍䛾⁄䜚䛸ᡂ䛃 䛂ୗ▱ᮧᨭ㓄அෆᘺྑ⾨㛛䝜ሐษ䛃 ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䛂㧗㡲ᮧᨭ㓄அෆᕥ⾨㛛ሐษ୍அ⁄䜚䛸 ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- ᡂ䛃 䛂᥀ワ䜘䜚ộᢲ䛧㎸䛃 ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䛂₻Ụᮧ䝝᪂⏣䝜୰ሐษ䝺䠈ሷᒇᓮ㎾୍ ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䛾⁄䜚䛸䛺䜛䛃 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 ᅵబᅜᆅ 䛂䞉䞉䞉₻Ụஅሐ䠈୰ሐ䛺䛹₻ᢲ䛧ษ䜛䠈䞉䞉䞉䛃 㟈ᖼᚚᇛୗ ⅆୟ ộධஅᐇ㘓 அ ྎᒣஅෆྑ⾨㛛ሐᮾ䝜䝶䝸ᣠ㛫ィษ ᆅ㟈᪥グ 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䞉᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ᕳูᕳ- 䛂⏣㎶ᔱሐ䛾ษ䜜䛸ḟ➨䛻ᗈ䛟୍వ䛻䛺 ಟྐవ㘓 䜚䠈῝䛥ᑜᩯ䜚䠈䞉䞉䞉䛃 䛂₻Ỉ⊰㧗䛟ୗᆅ᪂⏣⏣㎶ᓥ䛾ሐᡤ䚻ษ ᚚᅜኚ 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 䜜䠈᪂⏫㕲◙⏫₻Ụ᪂⏣ୗᆅ䛿ㄽẚᓥ ␎ ୍ᐑⷭ㔝㎾୍㠃䛾ᾏ䛸䛺䜛䠊䛃 䛂ᑵ୰䠈ᕸᖌ⏣ᶫ䝶䝸ᮾ䛾ሐ᪉䜈㛤䛝䛔 䛻䜜䠈䞉䞉䞉䛃 ✺ᾉ䛾䠈ⴱᓥ䛾ሐ༑୕㛫䜀䛛䜚䠈㧗 㡲ᮧᕥྑ⾨㛛䛾ሐ༑㛫䛾వ䠈ᘺྑ⾨㛛䛾 ሐ༑㛫䜀䛛䜚䠈ẚᓥ䛾୰ሐ䠈ୗᆅ䛾ሐ䠈₻ Ụ䛾ሐ䠈୰ሐ䛺䛹₻ᢲ䛧ษ䜛䠊. ୕⅏㘓. 䞉༡ᾏᆅ㟈䠄㛫ᇛ䠅. ᅵబᅜᆅ 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 㟈ᖼᚚᇛୗ ⅆୟ ộධஅᐇ㘓 அ 䛂ᘘ௦⏫䛻䛶䛿᪉ሐ㜵䛾పୗ䛺䜛ᡤ䛃 ᐥṓฎ 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 㘓 䛂✺ᾉึ䜑䛶ධ᮶䛯䜛䠈ⴱᓥ䛾እ㍯ሐ ᅵబᅜᆅ 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 ༑୕㛫⛬ษ䜜䛃 㟈ᖼᚚᇛୗ ⅆୟ ộධஅᐇ㘓 அ. 䜢⾜䛳䛶䛝䛯䛜䠈䛣䛾ᗘ䠈ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇䛻䜘 䜛 Web 䝃䜲䝖ୖ䛷䛾ሗᥦ౪䛻䜘䜚䠈Ᏻᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈. 䜔ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ䛾⿕ᐖ䛻㛵䛧䛶䜒䠈᪂䛯䛺グ㏙ 䜢ぢฟ䛩䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊Ᏻᨻ䛾༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ㜵. -8-.
(9) ␒ྕ H1. H2. H3. H4 H5. H6. ⾲ 2 ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ Table 2 Damage to levee by Hoei Earthquake ᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䜛グ㏙ ᰿ᣐ䛸䛺䛳䛯ᩥ ᩥ⊩ࡀᥖ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྐᩱ㞟 ⊩ ࣭ᅵబᅜ⩌᭩㢮ᚑ➨ᕳ 䛂ᐆỌ䛾ὠᾉ䠈ᯇ䛛ᓮ䜢ᡴ㉺䛧䠈ᕮሐ䜢ᢲษ䠈 ୕⅏㘓 ᪂⏫䜈⁄ධ䠊䛃 䛂ᕮሐ䛸䛿ୗ▱䜘䜚୕䝒㢌䜈ฟ䜛୰ሐ䛺䜚䛸䛔 㧗 ▱ ᕷ ྐ ㊧ 䜑 ࣭㧗▱ᕷྐ㊧ࡵࡄࡾ 䛠䜚 䜅䠊䛃 ୰ሐ䛿ᐆỌᅄᖺ䛾ᆅ㟈䛻₻ᐖ䛷䛴䜆䜜䛯䠊 㧗 ▱ ᕷ ྐ ㊧ 䜑 ࣭᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨୕ᕳูᕳ 䛠䜚 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 䛂ᕮሐᢲษୗ▱ᑎ⏫ᜳ䛟ᾉධ◚ᦆ䛃 ༡㊰ㄅ ࣭᪥ᮏṔྐᆅྡయ⣔ ᑎ⏫䛾ḍ䛻䠈䛂ᐆỌᅄᖺ(1707)䛾ᆅ㟈䛻䜘䛳 ᪥ᮏṔྐᆅྡ 䛶ഃ䛾Ụ䝜ཱྀᕝ䛾ሐ㜵䛜Ỵቯ䛧䠈ᾐỈ䛾 య⣔ ⿕ᐖ䜢ཷ䛡䠈䞉䞉䞉䛃䛸䛒䜛䠊 ࣭᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨୕ᕳูᕳ 䛂ᐆỌᅄᖺ䛾ᆅ㟈䛾ᚋୗ▱ୗእ㍯䛾ሐ㜵◚༷ ⏫ㄅ 䛧₻ộ⁄䛩䜛䛾៧䛒䜛䜘䜚ㅖᑎ䜎䛯ྛᡤ䝙ᩓ⛣ 䛩䛸ப䛃 䛂ᚚᇛୗᘔ䝸ሐṧᡴ䝁䝦ᢲษ䝸䠈₻ධ㎸䛃 ᘯ ิ ➹ グ 䠄 ࣭᪂᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨୕ᕳูᕳ ࣭ᅵబᅜ⩌᭩㢮ᚑ➨ᕳ ኚグ䠅 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 䛂୕㤳䜘䜚྾Ụ䛾Ώ䛧䜎䛷䛾㛫䛺䜛㛗ሐ䛿௨䛶 ᐆỌᆅ㟈グ 䛾እ䛻ᔂ䜜䛶ộ䛾㏻㊰䛸䛺䜛䛻䛝䛶䠈䛾ᚋ 䛿ᇼワ䜘䜚ྛ(䡱䢅䡱䢅)⯚䛻䜚䛶྾Ụ䜈Ώ䜛䛻䠈 ᮏ䛾ሐ䛿ᡤ䛻䜘䜚䛶ộ䛾῝䛥୍(⣙ 3m) వ䜒 ᭷䜚䛧䛸ஓ䠊䛃 䞉ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲䝤䝇 䛂ேᐙ䛾㊧䛿ᾏ䛸ᡂ䜚ᅾ䚻ộ␃䛾ሐር㟈₻䛻 ᐆỌᆅ㟈グ ษ䜜ᔂ䜜䛶䠈ᅜ୰䛾Ỉ⏣ᩘ䚻ộᅵ䛸䛺䜚ಟ⌮ ྔ䜟䛦䜛ᡤከ䛧䠊䛃㻌. ⿕ᐖ䛿䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛸ྠᵝ䛺⟠ᡤ 䛻⏕䛨䛶䛔䛯䠊ᐆỌᆅ㟈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䠈䜔Ᏻᨻ䛾 ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛷ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛜㞟୰䛧䛯ᅜศᕝୗὶᇦ䛻䛿 ⿕ᐖ䛾グ㘓䛜ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛯䛰䛧䠈ᐆỌ䛾ᆅ 㟈ᙜ䠈ሐ㜵䛾ᩚഛ䛜ᐆỌሐ䛾䛒䛯䜚䜎䛷䛧䛛㐍䜣 䛷䛔䛺䛛䛳䛯䜒䛾䛸ᛮ䜟䜜䜛䠊㻌 㻌 ㅰ㎡㻌 㻌 㻌 ᮏ✏䛾సᡂ䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈ᒣᮏᑦ᫂Ặ䛻䛿ኚᑀ䛻 ෆᐜ䜢䝏䜵䝑䜽䛧䛶㡬䛝䠈䜎䛯⦅㞟⪅䛾ᑠᯇཎ⌶Ặ䛛 䜙ᅗ䜔ᮏᩥ䛾ᨵၿ䛻䛴䛔䛶ኚ㈗㔜䛺䜰䝗䝞䜲䝇䜢 㡬䛝䠈䛭䜜䜙䛿㠀ᖖ䛻᭷┈䛺ㄽᩥ䛾ᨵゞ䛻䛴䛺䛜䜚 䜎䛧䛯䠊⦅㞟㛗䛾㔠⏣ᖹኴ㑻ඛ⏕䛻䛿䠈ኚᑀ䛻 ㄽᩥ䛾᭱⤊䝏䜵䝑䜽䜢䛧䛶㡬䛝䠈䛭䛾䛚䛛䛢䛷䠈ぢⴠ 䛸䛧䛶䛔䛯ᮏᩥ୰䛾」ᩘ䛾ලྜ䜢ಟṇ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜 䛷䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊㤶ᕝᏛ䛾ᯇᑿ⿱ඛ⏕䛻䛿䠈㧗▱䛾 Ἑᕝሐ㜵䛻㛵䛧䛶ኚከ䛟䛾䛣䛸䜢ᩍ䛘䛶㡬䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊 ᮏ◊✲䛾ᐇ䛻䛒䛯䜚䠈♫ᅋἲேᅄᅜᘓタᘯ῭䛻 䜘䜛◊✲ຓᡂ㔠䜢⏝䛥䛫䛶㡬䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊◊✲ᐊ䛾㎷ 㔝Ꮚ䛥䜣䠄㧗▱ᏛᏛ㝔ಟ䠅䛻䛿䠈㧗▱䛾ᆅ ྡ䛻䛴䛔䛶Ⰽ䚻䛸ᩍ䛘䛶㡬䛝䜎䛧䛯䠊ᮏㄽᩥ䛾ᗄ䛴 䛛䛾ᅗ䛿䠈GMT䠄Generic Mapping Tools, Wessel and. Smith, 1991, 1998䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶సᡂ䛧䜎䛧䛯䠊グ䛧䛶ឤ ㅰ⮴䛧䜎䛩䠊㻌 㻌 ᑐ㇟ᆅ㟈䠖 1707 ᖺᐆỌᆅ㟈䠈1854 ᖺᏳᨻ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䠈 1946 ᖺ༡ᾏᆅ㟈㻌 㻌 ᩥ㻌 ⊩㻌 㻌 ᖹซ♫䠈1983䠈㧗▱┴䛾ᆅྡ䠈᪥ᮏṔྐᆅྡ⣔ 40䠊 㧗▱┴䠈1949䠈༡ᾏ㟈⅏ㄅ䠈692 pp䠊 㧗▱┴❧ᅗ᭩㤋䠈2005䠈ᅵబᅜ⩌᭩㢮ᚑ䠈➨ᕳ䠈 387 pp䠊 㧗▱ᕷ䠈2012䠈ᥥ䛛䜜䛯㧗▱ᕷ䠈219 pp䠊㻌 ᅜᅵ㏻┬㛵ᮾᆅ᪉ᩚഛᒁ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝䠈ᖹᡂ 㻞㻟 ᖺ㻔㻞㻜㻝㻝 ᖺ㻕ᮾᆅ᪉ኴᖹὒἈᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛Ἑᕝ⿕⅏≧ἣ 䠄㛵ᮾ䠅䠊㻌 ᅜᅵ㏻┬ᮾᆅ᪉ᩚഛᒁ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻝䠈ᮾᆅ᪉ᩚഛ ᒁᆅ㟈⅏ᐖሗ䠈➨ 㻢㻢 ሗ䠊㻌 㛫ᇛ㱟⏨䠈2011䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䠈91 pp䠊㻌 ୕⚄ཌ䠈㎷㔝Ꮚ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻞䠈㻝㻥㻠㻢 ᖺ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘 䜛㧗▱ᕷ䛾Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛸䛭䛾せᅉ䠈Ṕྐᆅ㟈䠈. -9-.
(10) ᅗ8. Ᏻᨻ䜔ᐆỌ༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛸༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛻䜘䜛ሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛾⨨䛾ẚ㍑䠊 ᅜᅵᆅ⌮㝔( 22 ᖺ)Ⓨ⾜ࡢ 2 5 ༓ศࡢ 1 ᆅᙧᅗ(㧗▱)ࢆ⏝㸬 ᮏᅗࡢ࣮࢝ࣛ∧ࡣཱྀ⤮ 1 ཧ↷㸬 Fig.8 Comparison of damaged sections of levees due to Nankai Earthquakes.. 㻞㻣䠈㻞㻣㻙㻟㻥㻚㻌 㻌 ୕⚄ཌ䠈㎷㔝Ꮚ䠈㰺⸨๛ᙪ䠈㻞㻜㻝㻟䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈 䛻䜘䜛㧗▱ᕷ䛾Ἑᕝሐ㜵⿕ᐖ䛸⿕ᐖせᅉ䛾 ホ౯䠈ᅵᮌᏛㄽᩥ㞟䠈㻵㻙㻝㻜㻟㻠㻙㻵㻙㻝㻜㻠㻤㻚㻌 㻌 ෆ 㛶 ᗓ 䠈 㻞㻜㻝㻞 䠈 㜵 ⅏ ሗ 䛾 䝨 䞊 䝆 䠈 㼔㼠㼠㼜㻦㻛㻛㼣㼣㼣㻚㼎㼛㼡㼟㼍㼕㻚㼓㼛㻚㼖㼜㻛㼚㼍㼚㼗㼍㼕㼠㼞㼛㼡㼓㼔㼋㼕㼚㼒㼛㻚㼔㼠㼙㼘㻌 䠄㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ 㻝㻝 ᭶ 㻝㻢 ᪥㜀ぴ䠅㻌 ᪥ᮏᅜ㝿ᆅᅗᏛ┘ಟ䠈㻝㻥㻥㻟䠈ఀ⬟୰ᅯ㻌 㻦㻌 ᪥ᮏ ἢᾏᐿ ᅯ䠈Ṋᥭᇽ䠊㻌 ⬥ಖᙪ䠈㻝㻥㻥㻠䠈㜵⅏ྐⓗ䛻䜏䛯㧗▱ᕷ䛸䛭䛾࿘㎶㻌 䠉ᩥ⊩䞉⤮ᅗ㈨ᩱ䛾⏝䛛䜙䠉䠈㻟㻜㻙㻟㻡䠈㧗▱ Ꮫ㯮₻ᅪ◊✲ᡤ㻌 ᡤሗ䠊㻌 ἑᮧṊ㞝䠈1951䠈༡ᾏᆅ㟈䛸ᆅẆ㐠ື䠈㧗▱Ꮫ Ꮫ⾡◊✲ሗ࿌䠊 ♫ᅋἲேᅄᅜᘓタᘯ῭䠈2012䠈ᅄᅜ⅏ᐖ䜰䞊䜹䜲 䝤䝇䠈http://www.shikoku-saigai.com/ 䠄2014 ᖺ 1 㻌 㻌 㻌. ᭶ 17 ᪥㜀ぴ䠅 ᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䠈1983䠈᪂ ᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ ୕ᕳูᕳ䠈590 pp䠊 ᮾிᏛᆅ㟈◊✲ᡤ䠈1987䠈᪂ ᪥ᮏᆅ㟈ྐᩱ➨ ᕳ䠈ูᕳ䠉䠈2528 pp䠊㻌 Ᏹ బ ⨾ 㱟 ኵ 䠈 2003 䠈 ᭱ ᪂ ∧ ᪥ ᮏ ⿕ ᐖ ᆅ 㟈 ⥲ ぴ [416]-2001䠈ᮾிᏛฟ∧䠈605 pp䠊㻌 ⱝᯇຍᑑỤ䠈2011䠈᪥ᮏ䛾ᾮ≧ᒚṔ䝬䝑䝥䠈ᮾி Ꮫฟ∧䠈71 pp䠊 Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F., 1998, New improved version of the Generic Mapping Tools released, EOS Trans. AGU, 79, 579. Wessel, P. and Smith, W. H. F., 1991, Free software helps map and display data, EOS Trans. AGU, 72, 441.㻌 㻌. - 10 -.
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In the study of asymptotic properties of solutions to difference equations the Schauder fixed point theorem is often used.. This theorem is applicable to convex and compact subsets
All (4 × 4) rank one solutions of the Yang equation with rational vacuum curve with ordinary double point are gauge equivalent to the Cherednik solution.. The Cherednik and the
I give a proof of the theorem over any separably closed field F using ℓ-adic perverse sheaves.. My proof is different from the one of Mirkovi´c
Keywords: continuous time random walk, Brownian motion, collision time, skew Young tableaux, tandem queue.. AMS 2000 Subject Classification: Primary:
Variational iteration method is a powerful and efficient technique in finding exact and approximate solutions for one-dimensional fractional hyperbolic partial differential equations..
This paper presents an investigation into the mechanics of this specific problem and develops an analytical approach that accounts for the effects of geometrical and material data on
discrete ill-posed problems, Krylov projection methods, Tikhonov regularization, Lanczos bidiago- nalization, nonsymmetric Lanczos process, Arnoldi algorithm, discrepancy
While conducting an experiment regarding fetal move- ments as a result of Pulsed Wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound, [8] we encountered the severe artifacts in the acquired image2.
