▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒሗ࿌㻌

ㄪᰝ㈨ᩱ㻙㻞㻠㻣㻌 㻌

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒሗ࿌㻌

㻞㻜㻝㻢ᖺ 㻟 ᭶㻌 㻌

㻌

㻌

ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㻌 ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㻌

➨ 㻝 ◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥㻌

ᯇᮏ㻌 ஂோᏊ㻌 㻌 㻌 ඖᶫ㻌 ୍அ㻌

ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛾ᘬ⏝䜢⾜䛖㝿䛻䛿䚸ฟ඾䜢᫂グ㢪䛔䜎䛩䚹 㻾㻱㻿㻱㻭㻾㻯㻴㻌㻹㻭㼀㻱㻾㻵㻭㻸㻌㻺㼛㻞㻠㻣㻌

㻌

㻭㼚㼍㼘㼥㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼞㼑㼟㼡㼘㼠㼟㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㼍㼓㼓㼘㼛㼙㼑㼞㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼚㼠㼑㼘㼘㼑㼏㼠㼡㼍㼘㻌㼍㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥㻌 㻌

㻌 㻌

㻷㼡㼚㼕㼗㼛㻌㻹㼍㼠㼟㼡㼙㼛㼠㼛㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻷㼍㼦㼡㼥㼡㼗㼕㻌㻹㼛㼠㼛㼔㼍㼟㼔㼕㻌 㻌

㻹㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻞㻜㻝㻢㻌 㻌

㻲㼕㼞㼟㼠㻌㼀㼔㼑㼛㼞㼥㻙㻻㼞㼕㼑㼚㼠㼑㼐㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻳㼞㼛㼡㼜㻌

㻺㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㼍㼘㻌㻵㼚㼟㼠㼕㼠㼡㼠㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻌㻼㼛㼘㼕㼏㼥㻌㻔㻺㻵㻿㼀㻱㻼㻕㻌 㻹㼕㼚㼕㼟㼠㼞㼥㻌㼛㼒㻌㻱㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻘㻌㻯㼡㼘㼠㼡㼞㼑㻘㻌㻿㼜㼛㼞㼠㼟㻘㻌㻿㼏㼕㼑㼚㼏㼑㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼀㼑㼏㼔㼚㼛㼘㼛㼓㼥㻌㻔㻹㻱㼄㼀㻕㻌

㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㻌 㻌

http://doi.org/10.15108/rm247

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒሗ࿌㻌

ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㻌 ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䞉Ꮫ⾡ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㻌 ➨ 㻝 ◊✲䜾䝹䞊䝥㻌 ᯇᮏ㻌 ஂோᏊ㻌 ඖᶫ㻌 ୍அ㻌

せ᪨㻌

㻌 ㏆ᖺ䛾ᆅᇦᨻ⟇䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸⏘ᴗ㞟✚䛻䜘䜛⤒῭ಁ㐍ຠᯝ䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䚸ከᵝ䛺⏘ᴗศ㔝䞉ᢏ⾡ศ㔝 䛷䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾๰ฟ䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛⏘ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䜢ᆅᇦ䛻ᩚഛ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯ᨻ⟇䛜ᒎ㛤䛥 䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛷䛿䚸௒ᚋ䛾⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䛻╔┠䛧䛯ᆅᇦᨻ⟇䚸䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ᨻ⟇䛾ᐇ᪋䛻㈨䛩䜛

▱ぢ䛾ᥦ౪䜢┠ᣦ䛧䚸䛂ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䛃䚸䛂▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άືẁ㝵䛻 䜘䜛㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䛃䚸䛂௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䛃䚸䛂ᢏ⾡㛫䛷䛾▱

ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䛃䛾

4

䛴䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙ศᯒ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹

㻌 䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䚸኱༙䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛷≉チฟ㢪䞉Ⓨ᫂䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸άⓎ䛺ᆅᇦ䛿୍㒊䛻㞟୰䛧䛶 䛔䜛䛣䛸䚸ฟ㢪ே䜘䜚䜒Ⓨ᫂ே䛾᪉䛜ᙉ䛟㞟୰䛩䜛୍᪉䛷≉チⓎ᫂άື䜘䜚䜒≉チฟ㢪άື䛾᪉䛜 ᙉ䛟㞟୰䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸௻ᴗάື䜘䜚䜒▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾᪉䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻㞟୰䛩䜛䛣䛸䚸㢮ఝ䛧䛯ᢏ⾡㛫 䛷䜒ᆅ⌮ⓗ㞟୰ᗘ䜔㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁䛻㐪䛔䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹

㻌 㻌

Analytical results of Japan's agglomeration of intellectual activity

Kuniko Matsumoto, Kazuyuki Motohashi

1

^st

Theory-oriented Research Group, National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP), MEXT

ABSTRACT

In recent years, to create innovation and promote economic growth, a regional policy of industrial clusters has been implemented in various industries and technology fields. This study aims to contribute in the implementation of the regional cluster policy of science and technology, and conducts analysis from the following perspectives: the geographical distribution of

intellectual activities in Japan, and comparing the agglomeration features in phases of intellectual activity, features between business and intellectual activities, and in fields of technology. The results were as follows: patent application and invention activities are common in most cities;

however, these activities are concentrated in specific areas. Patent application activities have a

higher concentration than patent invention activities; more investors concentrate on patent

activities than applicants do. Intellectual activities have a higher concentration than business

activities. Similar fields of technology have different degrees of geographical concentration and

agglomeration patterns

┠ḟ㻌

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒሗ࿌

┠ḟ

䛆ᅗ⾲୍ぴ䛇

ᴫせ

... i

䛆ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾ᴫせ䛇

... i

1.

ㄪᰝ䛾┠ⓗ䛸᪉ἲ䠄ᮏ⦅

p.1

䡚䠅

... i

2.

ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䠄ᮏ⦅

p.12䡚䠅 ...    iii

3.

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άືẁ㝵䛻䜘䜛㞟✚ഴྥ䠄ᮏ⦅

p.48

䡚䠅

...

 

vi

4.

௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䠄ᮏ⦅

p.56

䡚䠅

... viii

5.

ᢏ⾡ู䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䠄ᮏ⦅

p.68

䡚䠅

... ix

ᮏ⦅

... 1

䛆ᗎㄽ䛇䛿䛨䜑䛻

... 1

0.1

ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛾┠ⓗ

... 1

0.2

ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛾ᵓᡂ

... 2

䛆➨

1

❶䛇 ศᯒ䝕䞊䝍䚸ศᯒ᪉ἲ

... 3

1.1

䝕䞊䝍ᴫせ

... 3

1.1.1

≉チࢹ࣮ࢱ

... 3

1.1.2

௻ᴗάືࢹ࣮ࢱ ... 4

1.1.3

ᆅ⌮ⓗࢹ࣮ࢱ ... 5

1.2

ศᯒ᪉ἲ ... 5

1.2.1

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άືࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ

... 5

1.2.1.1

≉チᣦᶆูࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ

... 5

1.2.1.2

ᆅ᪉ูࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᯒ

... 5

1.2.2

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άືࡢẁ㝵ู㞟✚ഴྥ

... 7

1.2.3

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື࡜௻ᴗάືࡢ㞟✚ഴྥ

... 8

1.2.4

ᢏ⾡ูࡢ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άືࡢ㞟✚ഴྥ

... 9

1.2.4.1

ᢏ⾡ศ㢮

... 9

1.2.4.2

ᢏ⾡ูࡢ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άືࡢ㞟✚ഴྥ

... 10

1.2.4.3

㞟✚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢศᯒ

... 10

䛆➨

2

❶䛇 ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ

... 12

2.1

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾ศᕸ

... 12

2.1.1

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢከ࠸ᆅᇦ

... 12

2.1.2

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢᆅᇦ㛫ᕪ␗ࡢ≧ἣ ... 14

2.1.3

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ

... 14

2.2

Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾ศᕸ

... 15

2.2.1

Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢከ࠸ᆅᇦ

... 15

2.2.2

Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢᆅᇦ㛫ᕪ␗ࡢ≧ἣ

... 17

2.2.3

Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ

... 17

2.3

ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛾ศᕸ

... 18

2.3.1

ฟ㢪ேᩘࡢከ࠸ᆅᇦ

... 18

2.3.2

ฟ㢪ேᩘࡢᆅᇦ㛫ᕪ␗ࡢ≧ἣ

... 20

2.3.3

ฟ㢪ேᩘࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ

... 20

2.4

Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛾ศᕸ

... 21

2.4.1

Ⓨ᫂ேᩘࡢከ࠸ᆅᇦ

... 21

2.4.2

Ⓨ᫂ேᩘࡢᆅᇦ㛫ᕪ␗ࡢ≧ἣ

... 23

2.4.3

Ⓨ᫂ேᩘࡢᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ ... 23

2.5

ᆅ᪉ู䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ

... 24

2.5.1

໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 24

2.5.2

ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 27

2.5.3

㛵ᮾᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 30

2.5.4

୰㒊ᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 33

2.5.5

㏆␥ᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 36

2.5.6

୰ᅜᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 39

2.5.7

ᅄᅜᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 42

2.5.8

஑ᕞ࣭Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉ࡢ࣍ࢵࢺࢫ࣏ࢵࢺ➼ࡢศᕸ

... 45

䛆➨

3

❶䛇 ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ẁ㝵ู䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

... 48

3.1

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

... 48

3.1.1

ẁ㝵ูࡢ㞟✚ഴྥ ... 48

3.1.2

άື୺యࠊάືᡂᯝࡈ࡜ࡢ㞟✚ഴྥ ... 49

3.2

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛻䜏䜛ẁ㝵䛤䛸䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື≧ἣ

... 50

3.2.1

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢⓎ᫂άືࡢ≧ἣ

... 50

3.2.2

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢฟ㢪άືࡢ≧ἣ

... 50

3.2.3

Ⓨ᫂άືࡢάⓎ࡞ᆅᇦ

... 51

3.2.4

ฟ㢪άືࡢάⓎ࡞ᆅᇦ

... 53

3.2.5

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢⓎ᫂άື≧ἣ࡜ฟ㢪άື≧ἣࡢẚ㍑

... 55

䛆➨

4

❶䛇 ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

... 56

4.1

௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

... 56

4.2

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛻䜏䜛௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື≧ἣ

... 58

4.2.1

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢ≉チฟ㢪ࡢ≧ἣ

... 58

4.2.2

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢ≉チⓎ᫂ࡢ≧ἣ

... 58

4.2.3

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢฟ㢪ேࡢ≧ἣ ... 59

4.2.4

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧูࡢⓎ᫂ேࡢ≧ἣ

... 59

4.3

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᆅᇦ䛾ศᕸ≧ἣ ... 60

4.3.1

≉チฟ㢪࡟≉໬ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢศᕸ≧ἣ

... 60

4.3.2

≉チⓎ᫂࡟≉໬ࡋࡓᆅᇦࡢศᕸ≧ἣ

... 62

4.3.3

ฟ㢪ேࡢ㞟୰ࡍࡿᆅᇦࡢศᕸ≧ἣ

... 64

4.3.4

Ⓨ᫂ேࡢ㞟୰ࡍࡿᆅᇦࡢศᕸ≧ἣ

... 66

䛆➨

5

❶䛇 ᢏ⾡ู䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

... 68

5.1

ᢏ⾡ู䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

... 68

5.2

ᢏ⾡ู䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁

... 71

5.2.1

㞟✚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ

... 71

5.2.2

ᢏ⾡ูࡢฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢ㞟✚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ

... 73

5.2.3

ᢏ⾡ูࡢⓎ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘࡢ㞟✚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ

... 74

5.2.4

ᢏ⾡ูࡢฟ㢪ேᩘࡢ㞟✚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ

... 75

5.2.5

ᢏ⾡ูࡢⓎ᫂ேᩘࡢ㞟✚ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ

... 76

䛆⤊❶䛇 䛚䜟䜚䛻 ... 77

䛆ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩䛇

... 79

ᕳᮎ௜㘓㈨ᩱ

... 83

䛆௜㘓㈨ᩱ䛇

... 83

1

໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 83

2

ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 84

3

㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 85

4

୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 88

5

㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 91

6

୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 94

7

ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 95

8

஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ୍ぴ

... 96

䛆ᅗ⾲୍ぴ䛇㻌 㻌

ᅗ I.1㻌 䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ 㻌 㻌 ᅗ I.2 㞟✚䛾❧ᆅ䝟䝍䞊䞁ศ㢮 ...  ii

ᅗ II.1≉チฟ㢪᭷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 ᅗ II.2㻌 ඲ᅜୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ ... iii

ᅗ II.3㻌 ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㝵⣭ูศᕸ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸4➼㔞ศ㢮䠅 ... iii

ᅗ II.4㻌 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... iv

ᅗ II.5㻌 ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ...   v

ᅗ II.6 ㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... v

ᅗ III.1 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䠅 㻌 㻌 ᅗ III.2 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄ᶒ฼໬ẁ㝵䠅 ... vi

ᅗ III.3㻌 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄άື୺య䠅 㻌 㻌 ᅗ III.4㻌 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄άືᡂᯝ䠅 ... vi

ᅗ III.5㻌 Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ III.6㻌 Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䠄ୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䠅 .... vii

ᅗ III.7㻌 ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ III.8㻌 ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䠄ୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䠅 .... vii

ᅗ IV.1 ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... viii

ᅗ IV.2㻌 ≉チฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 ᅗ IV.3㻌 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ู≉チฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘศᕸ ... viii

ᅗ V.1ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ... x

ᅗ 0.1. ඲ᅜ18䛾⏘ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ィ⏬䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᆅᇦᒎ㛤≧ἣ䠄ᖹᡂ21ᖺᗘ䠅 ... 1

ᅗ 0.2. ▱ⓗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊๰ᡂ஦ᴗ䠄➨ϩᮇ䠅ᐇ᪋ᆅᇦ䠄ᖹᡂ21ᖺ5᭶1᪥⌧ᅾ䠅 ... 1

ᅗ 1.2.1.㻌 䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ ... 6

ᅗ 1.2.2. 㞟✚䛾❧ᆅ䝟䝍䞊䞁ศ㢮 ... 10

ᅗ 2.1.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ ... 12

ᅗ 2.1.2. ≉チฟ㢪᭷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 ᅗ 2.1.3. ฟ㢪ே䞉≉チฟ㢪ᩘู䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘศᕸ ... 14

ᅗ 2.1.4. ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㝵⣭ูศᕸ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸4➼㔞ศ㢮䠅 ... 14

ᅗ 2.2.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ ... 15

ᅗ 2.2.2. ≉チฟ㢪᭷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 ᅗ 2.2.3. Ⓨ᫂ே䞉≉チฟ㢪ᩘู䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘศᕸ ... 17

ᅗ 2.2.4. Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㝵⣭ูศᕸ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸4➼㔞ศ㢮䠅 ... 17

ᅗ 2.3.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾ฟ㢪ேᩘ๭ྜ ... 18

ᅗ 2.3.2. ≉チฟ㢪᭷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 ᅗ 2.3.3. ฟ㢪ேᩘู䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ศᕸ ... 20

ᅗ 2.3.4. ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛾㝵⣭ูศᕸ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸4➼㔞ศ㢮䠅 ... 20

ᅗ 2.4.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ๭ྜ ... 21

ᅗ 2.4.2. ≉チฟ㢪᭷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 ᅗ 2.4.3. Ⓨ᫂ேᩘู䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ศᕸ ... 23

ᅗ 2.4.4. Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛾㝵⣭ูศᕸ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸4➼㔞ศ㢮䠅 ... 23

ᅗ 2.5.1. ໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 24

ᅗ 2.5.2. ໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 25

ᅗ 2.5.3. ໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 25

ᅗ 2.5.4. ໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 26

ᅗ 2.5.5. ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 27

ᅗ 2.5.6. ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 28

ᅗ 2.5.7. ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅... 28

ᅗ 2.5.8. ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅... 29

ᅗ 2.5.9. 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 30

ᅗ 2.5.10. 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 31

ᅗ 2.5.11. 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ 䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 31

ᅗ 2.5.12. 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 32

ᅗ 2.5.13. ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ 䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 33

ᅗ 2.5.14. ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 34

ᅗ 2.5.15. ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ 䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 34

ᅗ 2.5.16. ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 35

ᅗ 2.5.17. ㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 36

ᅗ 2.5.18. ㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 37

ᅗ 2.5.19. ㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ 䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 37

ᅗ 2.5.20. ㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 38

ᅗ 2.5.21. ୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ 䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 39

ᅗ 2.5.22. ୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 40

ᅗ 2.5.23. ୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 40

ᅗ 2.5.24. ୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 41

ᅗ 2.5.25. ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 42

ᅗ 2.5.26. ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 43

ᅗ 2.5.27. ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 43

ᅗ 2.5.28. ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 44

ᅗ 2.5.29. ஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 45

ᅗ 2.5.30. ஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 ... 46

ᅗ 2.5.31. ஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேᩘ䠅 ... 46

ᅗ 2.5.32. ஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅 ... 47

ᅗ 3.1.1. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ 3.1.2. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄ᶒ฼໬ẁ㝵䠅 ... 48

ᅗ 3.1.3. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄άື୺య䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ 3.1.4. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄άືᡂᯝ䠅 ... 49

ᅗ 3.2.1. Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ 3.2.2. Ⓨ᫂≉໬ಀᩘู䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ศᕸ ... 50

ᅗ 3.2.3. ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ 3.2.4. ฟ㢪≉໬ಀᩘู䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ศᕸ ... 50

ᅗ 3.2.5.Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䠄ୖ఩10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䠅 ... 51

ᅗ 3.2.6. Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘู䛾㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾ศᕸ ... 52

ᅗ 3.2.7. Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ከ䛔ୖ఩3㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ ... 52

ᅗ 3.2.8. ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䠄ୖ఩ 10㒔㐨ᗓ┴䠅 ... 53

ᅗ 3.2.9. ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘู䛾㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾ศᕸ ... 54

ᅗ 3.2.10.㻌 Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ከ䛔ୖ఩3㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ ... 54

ᅗ 4.1.1. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛸኎ୖ䠅 ... 56

ᅗ 4.1.2. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛸஦ᴗᡤᩘ䠅㻌 ᅗ 4.1.3. 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛸ᚑᴗဨᩘ䠅 ... 56

ᅗ 4.1.4. ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... 57

ᅗ 4.2.1. ≉チฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 ᅗ 4.2.2. ≉チฟ㢪≉໬ಀᩘูᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ ... 58

ᅗ 4.2.3. ≉チⓎ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 ᅗ 4.2.4. ≉チⓎ᫂≉໬ಀᩘูᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ ... 58

ᅗ 4.2.5. ฟ㢪ே≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 ᅗ 4.2.6. ฟ㢪ே≉໬ಀᩘูᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ ... 59

ᅗ 4.2.7. Ⓨ᫂ே≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 ᅗ 4.2.8. Ⓨ᫂ே≉໬ಀᩘูᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ ... 59

ᅗ 4.3.1. ≉チฟ㢪䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ከ䛔㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูศᕸ ... 60

ᅗ 4.3.2. ≉チⓎ᫂䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ከ䛔㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูศᕸ ... 62

ᅗ 4.3.3. ฟ㢪ே䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ከ䛔㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูศᕸ ... 64

ᅗ 4.3.4. Ⓨ᫂ே䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ከ䛔㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูศᕸ ... 66

ᅗ 5.1.1. ᢏ⾡ู䛾≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... 69

ᅗ 5.1.2. ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ே䚸Ⓨ᫂ே䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... 70

ᅗ 5.2.1. ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ... 73

ᅗ 5.2.2. ᢏ⾡ู䛾Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ... 74

ᅗ 5.2.3. ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ... 75

ᅗ 5.2.4. ᢏ⾡ู䛾Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ... 76

⾲ V.1 ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾ୖ఩5ᢏ⾡䚸ୗ఩ 5ᢏ⾡ 䠄ὀ䠅䜹䝑䝁ෆ䠖❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... ix

⾲ V.2㻌 ≉チᣦᶆ䛤䛸䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䚸Moran’s I䛾グ㏙⤫ィ䛸ྛ㢮ᆺ䛾㢖ᗘ ... ix

⾲ V.3ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ᗘ ... x

⾲ 1.1.1. ྛ≉チᣦᶆ䛾ศᯒᑐ㇟䝕䞊䝍ᩘ ... 3

⾲ 1.1.2. ྛ≉チᣦᶆ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾グ㏙⤫ィ ... 3

⾲ 1.1.3. 2012ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝕䞊䝍䛸2014ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝕䞊䝍䛾ᑐᛂ㛵ಀ ... 4

⾲ 1.1.4. ྛ௻ᴗάືᣦᶆ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾グ㏙⤫ィ ... 4

⾲ 1.2.1. ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ẁ㝵䛸ᣦᶆ䛾㛵ಀ ... 7

⾲ 1.2.2. ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾ᣦᶆ䛾㛵ಀ ... 8

⾲ 1.2.3. ᢏ⾡ศ㢮ᑐᛂ⾲ ... 9

⾲ 2.1.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩20ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ ... 12

⾲ 2.1.2. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูୖ఩3ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴ෆ䠅 ... 13

⾲ 2.2.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩20ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ ... 15

⾲ 2.2.2. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูୖ఩3ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴ෆ䠅 ... 16

⾲ 2.3.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩20ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ฟ㢪ேᩘ๭ྜ ... 18

⾲ 2.3.2. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูୖ఩3ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ฟ㢪ேᩘ๭ྜ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴ෆ䠅 ... 19

⾲ 2.4.1. ඲ᅜୖ఩20ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ๭ྜ ... 21

⾲ 2.4.2. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ูୖ఩3ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ๭ྜ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴ෆ䠅 ... 22

⾲ 2.5.1. ໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 26

⾲ 2.5.2. ᮾ໭ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 29

⾲ 2.5.3. 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 32

⾲ 2.5.4. ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 35

⾲ 2.5.5. ㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 38

⾲ 2.5.6. ୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 41

⾲ 2.5.7. ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 44

⾲ 2.5.8. ஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ⦖ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ ... 47

⾲ 3.2.1. Ⓨ᫂≉໬ಀᩘ䠄ୖ఩10ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠅 ... 51

⾲ 3.2.2. ฟ㢪≉໬ಀᩘ䠄ୖ఩10ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠅 ... 53

⾲ 4.3.1. ≉チฟ㢪䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩ 10䚸ୗ఩10䠅 ... 60

⾲ 4.3.2. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛤䛸䛾≉チฟ㢪䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩ 3䠅 ... 61

⾲ 4.3.3. ≉チⓎ᫂䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩ 10䚸ୗ఩10䠅 ... 62

⾲ 4.3.4. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛤䛸䛾≉チⓎ᫂䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩ 3䠅 ... 63

⾲ 4.3.5. ฟ㢪ே䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩10䚸ୗ఩10䠅 ... 64

⾲ 4.3.6. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛤䛸䛾ฟ㢪ே䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩3䠅 ... 65

⾲ 4.3.7. Ⓨ᫂ே䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩10䚸ୗ఩10䠅 ... 66

⾲ 4.3.8. 㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛤䛸䛾Ⓨ᫂ே䛻≉໬䛧䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ୖ఩3䠅 ... 67

⾲ 5.1.1. ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾ୖ఩ 5ᢏ⾡䠄ὀ䠅䜹䝑䝁ෆ䠖❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... 68

⾲ 5.1.2. ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾ୗ఩ 5ᢏ⾡䠄ὀ䠅䜹䝑䝁ෆ䠖❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ ... 68

⾲ 5.2.1. ≉チᣦᶆ䛤䛸䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䚸Moran’s I䛾グ㏙⤫ィ䛸ྛ㢮ᆺ䛾㢖ᗘ ... 71

⾲ 5.2.2. ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ᗘ ... 73

⾲ 5.2.3. ᢏ⾡ู䛾Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ᗘ ... 74

⾲ 5.2.4. ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ᗘ ... 75

⾲ 5.2.5. ᢏ⾡ู䛾Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ᗘ ... 76

ᴫせ㻌

㻌 㻌

i

䛆ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾ᴫせ䛇㻌

㻝㻚 ㄪᰝ䛾┠ⓗ䛸᪉ἲ䠄ᮏ⦅ 㼜䠍䡚䠅㻌

㏆ᖺ䛾ᆅᇦᨻ⟇䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸⏘ᴗ㞟✚䛻䜘䜛⤒῭ಁ㐍ຠᯝ䜢ᮇᚅ䛧䚸ከᵝ䛺⏘ᴗศ㔝䞉ᢏ⾡ศ 㔝䛷䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾๰ฟ䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛⏘ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䜢ᆅᇦ䛻ᩚഛ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯ᨻ⟇䛜ᒎ㛤 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䚹ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛷䛿䚸௒ᚋ䛾⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䛻╔┠䛧䛯ᆅᇦᨻ⟇䚸䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ᨻ⟇䛾ᐇ᪋䛻㈨䛩 䜛▱ぢ䛾ᥦ౪䜢┠ᣦ䛧䚸ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗ≧ἣ䛾ᢕᥱ䞉ศᯒ䜢ヨ䜏䛯䚹

ᮏศᯒ䛷䛿䚸䐟ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䚸䐠▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άືẁ㝵䛻䜘䜛 㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䚸䐡௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䚸䐢ᢏ⾡㛫䛷䛾▱ⓗ⏕

⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䛾

4

䛴䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙ศᯒ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹

1

䛴┠䛾䛂ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື

䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䛃䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒ䛷䛿䚸㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༢఩¹䛷≉チᣦᶆ䠄≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸 ฟ㢪ேᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅䜢㞟ィ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸≉チᣦᶆ䛾ከ䛔ᆅᇦ䚸ᆅᇦ㛫䛷䛾ᕪ␗➼䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䚸 䜎䛯䚸䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ²䠄ᅗ䊠

.1

ཧ↷䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶ᆅ᪉ู䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ᆅᇦ䛾≉ᐃ䜢ᐇ᪋䛧䛯䚹

2

䛴┠䛾䛂▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άືẁ㝵䛻䜘䜛㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䛃䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒ䛷䛿䚸▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾 ẁ㝵䜢䛂Ⓨ᫂䛃䛸䛂ฟ㢪䠄ᶒ฼໬䠅䛃䛾

2

䛴䛾ẁ㝵䛻༊ู䛧䚸ྛẁ㝵䛾䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䛾ẚ㍑䚸ཬ䜃䚸 άື୺య䛻ᑐ䛩䜛άືᡂᯝ䛾≉໬ಀᩘ³䜢ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛻⟬ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸Ⓨ᫂άື䛸ฟ㢪ά

ື䛻䛚䛡䜛㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䛯䚹

3

䛴┠䛾䛂௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ

䛾┦㐪䛃䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒ䛷䛿䚸௻ᴗάື䛸▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䚸❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾ẚ㍑䚸 ཬ䜃䚸௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾≉໬ಀᩘ䜢ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛻⟬ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸௻ᴗά

ື䛸▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䛯䚹

4

䛴┠䛾䛂ᢏ⾡㛫䛷䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴ

ྥ䛾┦㐪䛃䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒ䛷䛿䚸

WIPO

䛾බᘧ⤫ィ䛷⏝䛔䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛⤫ྜᢏ⾡ศ㢮䛻‽䛨䛯ᢏ⾡ศ 㢮䠄

33

ศ㢮䠅䛤䛸䛻䚸ᆅ⌮ⓗ㞟୰ᗘ䜢♧䛩❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䚸✵㛫ⓗ⮬ᕫ┦㛵ᗘ䜢♧䛩 0RUDQ¶V ,⁴䜢

⟬ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䚸ᢏ⾡ศ㢮䛤䛸䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䚸㞟✚䛾❧ᆅ䝟䝍䞊䞁䠄ᅗ䊠

.2

ཧ↷䠅䜢ᢕᥱ䛧䛯䚹 ᮏศᯒ䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䚸≉チ䝕䞊䝍䞉௻ᴗ䝕䞊䝍䞉ᆅ⌮ⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛾

3

✀㢮䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹

≉チ䝕䞊䝍䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸୍⯡㈈ᅋἲே䛂▱ⓗ㈈⏘◊✲ᡤ䛃䛾ᥦ౪䛩䜛

IIP

䝟䝔䞁䝖䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇

2015

ᖺ∧

[7]

䛻཰㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛┤㏆

20

ᖺ㛫䠄

1994

ᖺ䡚

2013

ᖺ䠅䛾≉チฟ㢪᝟ሗ䛾䛖䛱䚸ฟ㢪ே䜎 䛯䛿Ⓨ᫂ே䛾ఫᡤ䛜ᅜෆ䛾㒔㐨ᗓ┴䝺䝧䝹䛒䜛䛔䛿ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝺䝧䝹䛷ྠᐃ䛷䛝䜛䝕䞊䝍䜢ศᯒ ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䚸ศᯒ䛻䛿ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸ฟ㢪ேᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛾䝕䞊䝍 䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹௻ᴗ䝕䞊䝍䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸⥲ົ┬䞉⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬䛾ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛ᖹᡂ

24

ᖺ⤒῭䝉䞁 䝃䝇άືㄪᰝ

[8]

䛛䜙䚸

2012

ᖺ

2

᭶

1

᪥᫬Ⅼ䛷䛾஦ᴗᡤᩘ䚸ᚑᴗဨᩘ䚸኎ୖ䠄཰ධ䠅㔠㢠➼䛾䝕䞊 䝍䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹ᆅ⌮ⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸

WEB[9]

䛷ᥦ౪䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛

2014

ᖺ

3

᭶

31

᪥᫬Ⅼ䛷 䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༊ᇦ䝫䝸䝂䞁䝕䞊䝍䜢౑⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹

1 ᮏศᯒ䛷䛿䚸ᮾி㒔䛻䛒䜛≉ู༊௨እ䛾ᨻ௧ᣦᐃ㒔ᕷ䛾༊䜒ᕷ⏫ᮧ䛸ྠ➼䛻ᢅ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹

2 ᮏศᯒ䛾䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ䛻䛚䛡䜛࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛸䛿䚸ቃ⏺䜢᥋䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛸ᐃ⩏䛩䜛䚹

3 䛂ᣦᶆA䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᣦᶆB䛾≉໬ಀᩘ䛃䛸䛔䛳䛯ሙྜ䚸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾ᣦᶆ A䛾඲ᅜ䝅䜵䜰䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᣦᶆB䛾඲ᅜ 䝅䜵䜰䛾ẚ⋡䜢ព࿡䛩䜛䚹

4 ㊥㞳䛾㏆䛔ᆅᇦ㛫䛷䛾䝕䞊䝍䛾┦㛵㛵ಀ䠄✵㛫ⓗ⮬ᕫ┦㛵䠅䜢♧䛩ᣦᶆ䛾1䛴䛷䛒䜚䚸⟬ᐃᘧ䛿ᮏ⦅p.11䜢 ཧ↷䛾䛣䛸䚹

ii

㻌

ᅗ 㻌 䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ

㻌 㻌 ᅗ

㞟✚䛾❧ᆅ䝟䝍䞊䞁ศ㢮

*LQL

0RUDQ¶V, 䛆➨2㢮ᆺ䛇

*LQL䍻ᖹᆒ 0RUDQ¶V,䠘ᖹᆒ

䛆➨1㢮ᆺ䛇

*LQL䍻ᖹᆒ 0RUDQ¶V,䍻ᖹᆒ

䛆➨3㢮ᆺ䛇

*LQL䠘ᖹᆒ 0RUDQ¶V,䠘ᖹᆒ

䛆➨4㢮ᆺ䛇

*LQL䠘ᖹᆒ 0RUDQ¶V,䍻ᖹᆒ ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾≉チᣦᶆ䠄z್䠅

࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛾

≉チᣦᶆ䠄z್䠅 䛆➨2㇟㝈䛇

High-Low

䛆➨1㇟㝈䛇 High-High 䠄䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖䠅

䛆➨3㇟㝈䛇 Low-Low 䠄䜽䞊䝹䝇䝫䝑䝖䠅

䛆➨4㇟㝈䛇 Low-High

iii

㻞㻚 ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䠄ᮏ⦅ 㼜㻚㻝㻞䡚䠅㻌

≉チฟ㢪䚸≉チⓎ᫂䛾⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾

95%

௨ୖ䛷䛒䜚䚸኱༙䛾ᕷ༊⏫

ᮧ䛷▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛯䚹≉䛻䚸ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チ ฟ㢪ᩘ䚸ฟ㢪ே䚸Ⓨ᫂ே䛾ከ䛔ᆅᇦ䛿ᮾி㒔䞉⚄ዉᕝ┴䞉኱㜰ᗓ䞉ឡ▱┴䛸䛺䜚䚸▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື

䛾άⓎ䛺ᆅᇦ䛿୕኱㒔ᕷᅪ䛻㞟୰䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾௦⾲౛䛸䛧䛶䚸ୗグ 䛻ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䜢≉チᣦᶆ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䛯ሙྜ䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䜢グ㍕䛩䜛䚹

㻌 㻌 㻌

ᅗ ≉チฟ㢪᭷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 ᅗ 㻌 ඲ᅜୖ఩

㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾≉チฟ㢪ᩘ๭ྜ

䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅 㻌 㻌 㻌 䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅

ᅗ

㻌 ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㝵⣭ูศᕸ䠄㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䚸

➼㔞ศ㢮䠅

iv

ᆅ᪉ู䛻▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άⓎ䛺ᆅᇦ䜢ぢ䛶䜏䜛䛸䚸໭ᾏ㐨ᆅ᪉䛷䛿໭ᾏ㐨ᮐᖠᕷ࿘㎶䚸ᮾ໭

ᆅ᪉䛷䛿ᐑᇛ┴௝ྎᕷ࿘㎶䚸㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛷䛿ᮾி㒔

23

༊䞉⚄ዉᕝ┴䛾୍㒊ᆅᇦ䚸୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛷䛿 ឡ▱┴ྡྂᒇᕷ䞉㟼ᒸ┴὾ᯇᕷ࿘㎶䚸㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛷䛿኱㜰ᗓ኱㜰ᕷ࿘㎶䚸୰ᅜᆅ᪉䛷䛿ᒸᒣ┴

ᒸᒣᕷ䞉ᗈᓥ┴ᗈᓥᕷ䞉ᒣཱྀ┴䛾୍㒊ᆅᇦ䚸ᅄᅜᆅ᪉䛷䛿ឡ፾┴䞉㤶ᕝ┴䛾୍㒊ᆅᇦ䚸஑ᕞ䞉Ἀ

⦖┴ᆅ᪉䛷䛿⚟ᒸ┴⚟ᒸᕷ䞉໭஑ᕞᕷ࿘㎶䛜䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹ศ ᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾௦⾲౛䛸䛧䛶䚸ୗグ䛻ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䜢≉チᣦᶆ䛸䛧䛶⏝䛔䛯ሙྜ䛾䚸୕኱㤳㒔 ᅪ䜢ྵ䜐㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䚸୰㒊ᆅ᪉䚸㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䜢グ㍕䛩䜛䚹

ᅗ 㻌 㛵ᮾᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅

v

ᅗ

㻌 ୰㒊ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅

ᅗ

㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᕸ䠄≉チᣦᶆ䠖ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅

vi

㻟㻚 ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άືẁ㝵䛻䜘䜛㞟✚ഴྥ䠄ᮏ⦅ 㼜㻚㻠㻤䡚䠅㻌

Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䚸ฟ㢪ẁ㝵䛾୧ẁ㝵䛸䜒䛻䚸άື୺య䠄Ⓨ᫂ே䚸ฟ㢪ே䠅䜘䜚䜒άືᡂᯝ䠄Ⓨ᫂ேู≉

チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䠅䛾᪉䛜ᙉ䛟㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜♧䛥䜜䛯䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䜘䜚䜒ฟ 㢪ẁ㝵䛻䛚䛔䛶ᙜヱഴྥ䛜ᙉ䛟ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹䛴䜎䜚䚸Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿άື୺య䠄Ⓨ᫂⪅䠅䛸άື

ᡂᯝ䠄≉チⓎ᫂䠅䛾ᆅᇦ䛾೫䜚ලྜ䛻䛒䜎䜚ᕪ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䛜䚸ฟ㢪ẁ㝵䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿άື୺య䠄ฟ 㢪⪅䠅䜘䜚䜒άືᡂᯝ䠄≉チฟ㢪䠅䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻ᙉ䛟೫䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䚹

㻌

ᅗ 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䠅㻌 㻌 ᅗ

䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄ᶒ฼໬ẁ㝵䠅

ḟ䛻䚸άື୺య䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䚸ฟ㢪ẁ㝵䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䛾᪉䛜ฟ㢪ẁ㝵䛻ẚ 䜉䚸ᙉ䛟㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜♧䛥䜜䜛䚹䛭䛧䛶䚸άືᡂᯝ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䚸ฟ㢪ẁ㝵䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸

Ⓨ᫂ẁ㝵䜘䜚䜒ฟ㢪ẁ㝵䛾᪉䛜ᙉ䛟㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸Ⓨ᫂⪅䛻ẚ䜉ฟ㢪⪅

䛾᪉䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䜈೫䜛ഴྥ䛿ᙅ䛔䛜䚸Ⓨ᫂άື䜘䜚䜒ฟ㢪άື䛾ᡂᯝ䛾᪉䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻ᙉ䛟೫ 䜛ഴྥ䛜䛒䜚䚸୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛾ฟ㢪ே䛜ከ䛟䛾≉チฟ㢪䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䚹

㻌

ᅗ

㻌 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄άື୺య䠅

㻌 㻌 ᅗ

㻌 䝻䞊䝺䞁䝒᭤⥺䠄άືᡂᯝ䠅

vii

Ⓨ᫂άື䛾άⓎ䛺ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠅䛿඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾⣙

9%

䛷䛒䜚䚸ฟ㢪άື䛾 άⓎ䛺ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠄ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䠅䛿඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾⣙

6%

䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹୧άື䛸䜒άⓎ䛺ᕷ༊⏫

ᮧ䛿䚸ឡ▱┴䞉኱㜰ᗓ䞉ᮾி㒔䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛻ከ䛟ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸ឡ▱┴䞉኱㜰ᗓ䛷䛿Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ

༊⏫ᮧ䚸ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛸䜒䛻㒔㐨ᗓ┴ᗇᡤᅾᆅ䛾࿘㎶䛻఩⨨䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸ᮾி

㒔䛷䛿Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿

23

༊እ䚸ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿

23

༊ෆ䛻఩⨨䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹

ᅗ

㻌 Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ

㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ

㻌 Ⓨ᫂≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䠄ୖ఩

㒔㐨ᗓ┴䠅

ᅗ 㻌 ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 㻌 ᅗ

㻌 ฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䠄ୖ఩

㒔㐨ᗓ┴䠅

viii

㻠㻚 ௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䠄ᮏ⦅ 㼜㻚㻡㻢䡚䠅㻌

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗ㞟୰ᗘ䠄❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䠅䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᣦ ᶆ䛷䛒䜛≉チᣦᶆ䠄ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸ฟ㢪ேᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅䛩䜉䛶 䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸ᑐᛂ䛩䜛௻ᴗάືᣦᶆ䜘䜚䜒㧗䛔್䜢♧䛧䛯䚹䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸௻ᴗάື䛻ẚ䜉䛶䚸▱ⓗ

⏕⏘άື䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻ᙉ䛟೫䜛ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜♧၀䛥䜜䜛䚹

ᅗ ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ

௻ᴗάື䜘䜚䜒≉チฟ㢪άື䛻≉໬䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿䚸඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾䛖䛱⣙

9%

䛷䛒䜚䚸ᮾி

㒔䞉⚄ዉᕝ┴䞉ឡ▱┴䞉኱㜰ᗓ䞉ி㒔ᗓ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛜ከ䛟䚸୕኱㒔ᕷᅪ䛻఩⨨䛧䛶䛔䛯䚹௻ᴗά

ື䜘䜚䜒≉チⓎ᫂άື䛻≉໬䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿䚸඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾䛖䛱⣙

14%

䛷䛒䜚䚸㛵ᮾ䞉୰㒊䞉

㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛻఩⨨䛩䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䚹௻ᴗάື䛾୺య䜘䜚䜒▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾୺య䛾๭ྜ䛾 ከ䛔ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿䚸඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾䛖䛱⣙

20%

䛷䛒䜚䚸㛵ᮾ䞉୰㒊䞉㏆␥䞉஑ᕞᆅ᪉䛻఩⨨䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ

༊⏫ᮧ䛜ከ䛛䛳䛯䚹௻ᴗάື䛻㛵䜟䜛ປാ⪅䜘䜚䜒▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛻㛵䜟䜛ປാ⪅䛾๭ྜ䛾ከ䛔 ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿䚸඲ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾䛖䛱⣙

14%

䛷䛒䜚䚸㛵ᮾ䞉୰㒊䞉㏆␥ᆅ᪉䛻఩⨨䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛜 ከ䛛䛳䛯䚹ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾௦⾲౛䛸䛧䛶䚸ୗグ䛻≉チฟ㢪άື䛻≉໬䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾ศᕸ䜢グ

㍕䛩䜛䚹

㻌 㻌

ᅗ 㻌 ≉チฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ๭ྜ㻌 㻌 ᅗ 㻌 㒔㐨ᗓ┴ู≉チฟ㢪≉໬ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘศᕸ

ix

㻡㻚 ᢏ⾡ู䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䠄ᮏ⦅ 㼜㻚㻢㻤䡚䠅㻌

ᢏ⾡ู䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗ㞟୰ᗘ䠄❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䠅䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸ᆅ⌮ⓗ㞟୰ᗘ䛾㧗䛔ᢏ⾡

䛿䛂ཎᏊ᰾ᕤᏛ䛃䚸䛂㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰䞉㏻ಙᢏ⾡䛃䚸䛂䛭䛾௚䛃䛺䛹䛾ᢏ⾡䚸ᆅ⌮ⓗ㞟୰ᗘ䛾ప䛔ᢏ⾡䛿 䛂㣗ᩱရ䛃䚸䛂㎰Ỉ⏘䛃䚸䛂ಶே䞉ᐙᗞ⏝ရ䛃䛺䛹䛾ᢏ⾡䛷䛒䛳䛯䚹

⾲ ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾ୖ఩

ᢏ⾡䚸ୗ఩

ᢏ⾡䠄ὀ䠅䜹䝑䝁ෆ䠖❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ

ḟ䛻䚸ᢏ⾡ู䛻Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛸ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸䜋 䛸䜣䛹䛾ᢏ⾡䛻䛚䛔䛶ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾᪉䛜❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾್䛜኱䛝䛟䛺䜚䚸≉チⓎ᫂άື

䜘䜚䜒≉チฟ㢪άື䛾᪉䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜ᙉ䛔䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹≉チⓎ᫂άື

䜘䜚䜒≉チฟ㢪άື䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜≉䛻ᙉ䛔ᢏ⾡䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸䛂᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ䚸㎰⸆䛃䞉 䛂㑇ఏᏊᕤᏛ䛃䞉䛂䝞䜲䜸䚸䝡䞊䝹䚸㓇㢮䚸⢾ᕤᴗ䛃䛺䛹䝞䜲䜸䞉໬Ꮫ㛵㐃䛾ᢏ⾡䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸 ᢏ⾡ู䛻Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛸ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䚸䜋䛸䜣䛹䛾ᢏ⾡䛻䛚䛔䛶Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ

䛾᪉䛜❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䛾್䛜኱䛝䛟䛺䜚䚸ฟ㢪ே䜘䜚䜒Ⓨ᫂ே䛾᪉䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜ᙉ 䛔䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛻䛺䛳䛯䚹ฟ㢪ே䜘䜚䜒Ⓨ᫂ே䛜୍㒊ᆅᇦ䛻㞟✚䛩䜛ഴྥ䛜≉䛻ᙉ䛔ᢏ⾡䛸䛧䛶䛿䚸 䛂㌴୧䡠㕲㐨䡠⯪⯧䡠㣕⾜ᶵ䛃䞉䛂䜶䞁䝆䞁䡡䝫䞁䝥䡡ᕤᏛ୍⯡䛃䚸䛂ᅵᮌ䡠ᘓタ䡠ᘓ⠏䡠ఫᏯ䛃䛺䛹䛜ᣲ䛢 䜙䜜䜛䚹

ᢏ⾡ู䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢ぢ䜛䛸䚸㞟✚ᙧᡂ䛾୙᫂░䛺䝟䝍䞊䞁䠄➨

3

㢮ᆺ䠅䜢♧䛩ᢏ⾡䛜᭱䜒ᑡ 䛺䛟䚸୍䛴୍䛴䛾つᶍ䛿ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ⛬ᗘ䛾ᑠ䛥䛺䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䛜䛔䛟䛴䛛ᗈ䛔⠊ᅖ䛻ᩓ䛳䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺

✵㛫ศᕸ䝟䝍䞊䞁䠄➨

2

㢮ᆺ䠅䜢♧䛩ᢏ⾡䛜᭱䜒ከ䛟ぢ䜙䜜䛯䚹䜎䛯䚸໬Ꮫ㛵㐃䞉᝟ሗ㏻ಙ㛵㐃䞉་

⸆䞉་⒪㛵㐃䞉䜶䝺䜽䝖䝻䝙䜽䝇㛵㐃䞉ᶵᲔ㛵㐃䛺䛹㢮ఝ䛧䛯ᢏ⾡㛫䛷䜒␗䛺䜛㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁䜢♧䛩 䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛸䛺䛳䛯䚹ศᯒ⤖ᯝ䛾௦⾲౛䛸䛧䛶䚸ୗグ䛻ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟 䝍䞊䞁䜢グ㍕䛩䜛䚹

⾲ 㻌 ≉チᣦᶆ䛤䛸䛾❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ䚸

䛾グ㏙⤫ィ䛸ྛ㢮ᆺ䛾㢖ᗘ

ୖ఩ ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ ฟ㢪ேᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ

㻝 ཎᏊ᰾ᕤᏛ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻤䠅 ཎᏊ᰾ᕤᏛ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻤䠅 䛭䛾௚䠄㻜㻚㻥㻠䠅 ཎᏊ᰾ᕤᏛ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻢䠅

㻞 㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰䡡㏻ಙᢏ⾡䠄㻜㻚㻥㻤䠅 㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰䡡㏻ಙᢏ⾡䠄㻜㻚㻥㻣䠅 Ṋჾ䚸ⅆ⸆䠄㻜㻚㻥㻝䠅 㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰䡡㏻ಙᢏ⾡䠄㻜㻚㻥㻡䠅

㻟 䛭䛾௚䠄㻜㻚㻥㻤䠅 䛭䛾௚䠄㻜㻚㻥㻢䠅 ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ䡠㎰⸆䠄㻜㻚㻥㻜䠅 䛭䛾௚䠄㻜㻚㻥㻡䠅

㻠 㑇ఏᏊᕤᏛ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻤䠅  ᐃ䡡ගᏛ䡡෗┿䡡」෗ᶵ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻢䠅 ཎᏊ᰾ᕤᏛ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻜䠅 㧗ศᏊ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻟䠅 㻡 ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ䚸㎰⸆䠄㻜㻚㻥㻣䠅 ༳ๅ䡠➹グල䡠⿦㣭䠄㻜㻚㻥㻢䠅 ⾲♧䞉㡢㡪䞉᝟ሗグ㘓䠄㻜㻚㻤㻤䠅 ⣬䠄㻜㻚㻥㻟䠅

ୗ఩ ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ ฟ㢪ேᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ

㻝 ㎰Ỉ⏘䠄㻜㻚㻤㻡䠅 ㎰Ỉ⏘䠄㻜㻚㻤㻟䠅 㣗ᩱရ䠄㻜㻚㻢㻥䠅 㣗ᩱရ䠄㻜㻚㻣㻤䠅

㻞 㣗ᩱရ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻣䠅 ↓ᶵ໬Ꮫ䡠⫧ᩱ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻣䠅 ㎰Ỉ⏘䠄㻜㻚㻣㻞䠅 ㎰Ỉ⏘䠄㻜㻚㻤㻜䠅

㻟 ಶே䡡ᐙᗞ⏝ရ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻣䠅 ᅵᮌ䚸ᘓタ䚸ᘓ⠏䚸ఫᏯ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻣䠅 ษ᩿䡠ᮦᩱຍᕤ䡠✚ᒙయ䠄㻜㻚㻣㻠䠅 ಶே䡡ᐙᗞ⏝ရ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻞䠅 㻠 ษ᩿䡠ᮦᩱຍᕤ䡠✚ᒙయ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻜䠅 ฎ⌮䡠ศ㞳䡠ΰྜ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻣䠅 ಶே䡡ᐙᗞ⏝ရ䠄㻜㻚㻣㻢䠅 ᅵᮌ䚸ᘓタ䚸ᘓ⠏䚸ఫᏯ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻠䠅 㻡 ฎ⌮䡠ศ㞳䡠ΰྜ䠄㻜㻚㻥㻞䠅 㣗ᩱရ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻤䠅 ෬㔠䡠㔠ᒓฎ⌮䡠㟁Ẽ໬Ꮫ䠄㻜㻚㻣㻢䠅 ฎ⌮䡠ศ㞳䡠ΰྜ䠄㻜㻚㻤㻡䠅

≉チᣦᶆ ᗘ ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ 㻹㼛㼞㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㻵 ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ 㻹㼛㼞㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㻵 ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ 㻹㼛㼞㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㻵 ❧ᆅ䝆䝙ಀᩘ 㻹㼛㼞㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㻵

ᖹᆒ್ 㻜㻚㻥㻠 㻜㻚㻟㻡 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻡 㻜㻚㻤㻝 㻜㻚㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻥 㻜㻚㻟㻠

୰ኸ್ 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻜㻚㻟㻣 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻞㻞 㻜㻚㻤㻜 㻜㻚㻢㻜 㻜㻚㻤㻥 㻜㻚㻟㻡

᭱኱್ 㻜㻚㻥㻤 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻜㻚㻥㻤 㻜㻚㻠㻥 㻜㻚㻥㻠 㻜㻚㻣㻝 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻡㻤

᭱ᑠ್ 㻜㻚㻤㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻤㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻢㻥 㻜㻚㻠㻠 㻜㻚㻣㻤 㻜㻚㻝㻢

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻢㻜㻚㻜㻣 㻜㻚㻜㻠 㻜㻚㻝㻞

➨㻝㢮ᆺ䛾ᢏ⾡ศ㢮ᩘ

➨㻞㢮ᆺ䛾ᢏ⾡ศ㢮ᩘ

➨㻟㢮ᆺ䛾ᢏ⾡ศ㢮ᩘ

➨㻠㢮ᆺ䛾ᢏ⾡ศ㢮ᩘ 㻢

㻝㻝

㻝㻝㻢 㻝㻝㻡 㻟㻥

㻝㻞㻣 㻢㻤

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ ฟ㢪ேᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ

㻝㻞㻥 㻢

㻝㻜

x

ᅗ ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁

⾲ ᢏ⾡ู䛾ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛾㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 ᗘ

㻌

㻌 㻌

㞟✚䝟䝍䞊䞁 㻺㻮㻱㻾ศ㢮 ᢏ⾡ศ㢮 㻳㼕㼚㼕 㻹㼛㼞㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㻵 㻳㼕㼚㼕

䠄ᖹᆒᕪศ䠅 㻹㼛㼞㼍㼚㻓㼟㻌㻵 䠄ᖹᆒᕪศ䠅

໬Ꮫ 㧗ศᏊ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻟㻥 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻠

໬Ꮫ Ὑ๣䚸ᛂ⏝⤌ᡂ≀䚸ᰁᩱ䚸▼Ἔ໬Ꮫ 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻜㻚㻠㻣 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻝㻞

᝟ሗ㏻ಙ ᫬ィ䞉ไᚚ䚸ィ⟬ᶵ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻡

᝟ሗ㏻ಙ ⾲♧䞉㡢㡪䞉᝟ሗグ㘓 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻠㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻝㻜

䜶䝺䜽䝖䝻䝙䜽䝇  ᐃ䡡ගᏛ䡡෗┿䡡」෗ᶵ 㻜㻚㻥㻣 㻜㻚㻟㻣 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻞

䜶䝺䜽䝖䝻䝙䜽䝇 㟁Ẽ䞉㟁Ꮚ㒊ရ䚸༙ᑟయ䚸༳ๅᅇ㊰䚸Ⓨ㟁 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻟㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻜㻟

ᶵᲔ ᶵᲔせ⣲ 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻜㻚㻟㻣 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝

䛭䛾௚ 㖔ᴗ䚸ᆅ୰๐Ꮝ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻠㻥 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻝㻠

䛭䛾௚ 䛭䛾௚ 㻜㻚㻥㻤 㻜㻚㻠㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻡

໬Ꮫ ᭷ᶵ໬Ꮫ䡠㎰⸆ 㻜㻚㻥㻣 㻜㻚㻟㻠 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻝

᝟ሗ㏻ಙ 㟁Ꮚᅇ㊰䡡㏻ಙᢏ⾡ 㻜㻚㻥㻤 㻜㻚㻟㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜

་⸆䞉་⒪ ་⸆ရ 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻣

་⸆䞉་⒪ 㑇ఏᏊᕤᏛ 㻜㻚㻥㻤 㻜㻚㻟㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻜㻜

䜶䝺䜽䝖䝻䝙䜽䝇 ཎᏊ᰾ᕤᏛ 㻜㻚㻥㻤 㻜㻚㻞㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻠 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻜

ᶵᲔ ㌴୧䡠㕲㐨䡠⯪⯧䡠㣕⾜ᶵ 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻝

ᶵᲔ ෬㔠䡠㔠ᒓฎ⌮䡠㟁Ẽ໬Ꮫ 㻜㻚㻥㻡 㻜㻚㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻡

ᶵᲔ 䜶䞁䝆䞁䚸䝫䞁䝥䚸ᕤᏛ୍⯡ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻞㻜 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻡

䛭䛾௚ ༳ๅ䡠➹グල䡠⿦㣭 㻜㻚㻥㻣 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻥

䛭䛾௚ ⧄⥔䡠⧄⥔ฎ⌮䡠Ὑ℆ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻞㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻤

䛭䛾௚ ⣬ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻞㻢㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻥

䛭䛾௚ Ṋჾ䡠ⅆ⸆ 㻜㻚㻥㻢㻜㻚㻞㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻜

ᶵᲔ 㔠ᒓຍᕤ䡠ᕤసᶵᲔ 㻜㻚㻥㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻜

䛭䛾௚ ㎰Ỉ⏘ 㻜㻚㻤㻡 㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻙㻜㻚㻝㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻞㻣

䛭䛾௚ ↷᫂䚸ຍ⇕ 㻜㻚㻥㻠 㻜㻚㻞㻢㻙㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻥

໬Ꮫ ฎ⌮䡠ศ㞳䡠ΰྜ 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻠㻤 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻟 㻜㻚㻝㻟

໬Ꮫ ↓ᶵ໬Ꮫ䡠⫧ᩱ 㻜㻚㻥㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻣

་⸆䞉་⒪ ་⒪ᶵჾ䡡ፗᴦ 㻜㻚㻥㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻝 㻜㻚㻜㻢

་⸆䞉་⒪ 䝞䜲䜸䚸䝡䞊䝹䚸㓇㢮䚸⢾ᕤᴗ 㻜㻚㻥㻟 㻜㻚㻠㻢㻙㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻝㻝

ᶵᲔ ษ᩿䡠ᮦᩱຍᕤ䡠✚ᒙయ 㻜㻚㻥㻜 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻡 㻜㻚㻝㻡

ᶵᲔ ໟ⿦䚸ᐜჾ䚸㈓ⶶ䚸㔜ᶵ 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻠㻣 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻝㻞

䛭䛾௚ 㣗ᩱရ 㻜㻚㻤㻣 㻜㻚㻠㻞 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻤 㻜㻚㻜㻣

䛭䛾௚ ಶே䡡ᐙᗞ⏝ရ 㻜㻚㻤㻣 㻜㻚㻟㻢㻙㻜㻚㻜㻣 㻜㻚㻜㻜

䛭䛾௚ ᅵᮌ䚸ᘓタ䚸ᘓ⠏䚸ఫᏯ 㻜㻚㻥㻞 㻜㻚㻡㻜 㻙㻜㻚㻜㻞 㻜㻚㻝㻠

➨㻝㢮ᆺ

➨㻞㢮ᆺ

➨㻟㢮ᆺ

➨㻠㢮ᆺ

ᮏ⦅㻌 㻌

­ ± ­

䛆ᗎㄽ䛇䛿䛨䜑䛻㻌

㻜㻚㻝㻌 ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛾┠ⓗ㻌

㏆ᖺ䛾ᆅᇦᨻ⟇䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸⏘ᴗ䛾ᅜ㝿➇தຊ䛾ᙉ໬䞉ᆅᇦ⤒῭䛾άᛶ໬䛾䛯䜑䚸⏘ᴗ㞟✚䛻 䜘䜛⤒῭ಁ㐍ຠᯝ䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䚸ከᵝ䛺⏘ᴗศ㔝䞉ᢏ⾡ศ㔝䛷䚸䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾๰ฟ䜢ಁ㐍䛩䜛⏘

ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊䜢ᆅᇦ䛻ᩚഛ䛩䜛䛣䛸䜢┠ᣦ䛧䛯ᨻ⟇䛜䚸⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬䜔ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䜢୰ᚰ䛻ᒎ㛤䛥 䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄ᅗ

0.1.

䞉ᅗ

0.2.

ཧ↷䠅

[1][2]

䚹ᙜヱᨻ⟇䛷䛿䚸䝡䝆䝛䝇䝬䝑䝏䞁䜾䜔⏘Ꮫᐁ㐃ᦠ➼䛻䜘䜛䝛 䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽ᙧᡂ䛾ಁ㐍䜢㏻䛨䚸⏘ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ཧ⏬௻ᴗ䠄ᆅᇦ䛾୰ሀ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ䞉䝧䞁䝏䝱䞊௻ᴗ➼䠅 䛾᪂஦ᴗ๰ฟ䛻ྥ䛡䛯ྲྀ⤌ᨭ᥼䛜඲ᅜྛᆅ䛷ᐇ᪋䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䚸⏘ᴗศ㔝䞉ᢏ⾡ศ㔝䛾ෆᐜ䛻㛵 䜟䜙䛪䚸䝛䝑䝖䝽䞊䜽ᙧᡂ䛻㔜䛝䛜⨨䛛䜜䛶䛔䜛༳㇟䛷䛒䜛䚹

ᅗ ඲ᅜ

䛾⏘ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ィ⏬䝥䝻䝆䜵䜽䝖䛾ᆅᇦᒎ㛤≧ἣ䠄ᖹᡂ ᖺᗘ䠅 ฟ඾䠖⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬䠄

2009

䠅䛂⏘ᴗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ᨻ⟇䝟䞁䝣䝺䝑䝖䛃

ᅗ ▱ⓗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊๰ᡂ஦ᴗ䠄➨䊡ᮇ䠅ᐇ᪋ᆅᇦ䠄ᖹᡂ ᖺ

᭶

᪥⌧ᅾ䠅 ฟ඾䠖ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬䠄

2009

䠅䛂ᖹᡂ

21

ᖺᗘ ▱ⓗ䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊๰ᡂ஦ᴗ䝟䞁䝣䝺䝑䝖䛃

­ ² ­

㞟✚䛻㛵䛩䜛Ḣ⡿䛾ᐇド◊✲䛷䛿䚸௻ᴗάື䜘䜚䜒▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾᪉䛜ᙉ䛔㞟✚ഴྥ䜢♧䛩 䛣䛸䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚

[3][4][5]

䚸ᅜෆ䛾ᐇド◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒ᙜヱഴྥ䜢♧䛩䛣䛸䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 䛜

[6]

䚸⏘ᴗ䞉ᢏ⾡ู䛾ヲ⣽䛺▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲䛿༑ศ䛸䛿ゝ䛘䛺䛔䚹

ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛷䛿䚸

IIP

䝕䞊䝍䛾ᆅ⌮᝟ሗ䜢⏝䛔䛶䚸䐟ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䚸䐠

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾άືẁ㝵䛻䜘䜛㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䚸䐡௻ᴗάື䛻ᑐ䛩䜛▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴ

ྥ䛾┦㐪䚸䐢ᢏ⾡㛫䛷䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛾┦㐪䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸௒ᚋ䛾⛉Ꮫᢏ

⾡䛻╔┠䛧䛯ᆅᇦᨻ⟇䚸䜽䝷䝇䝍䞊ᨻ⟇䛾ᐇ᪋䛻㈨䛩䜛▱ぢ䛾ᥦ౪䜢┠ᣦ䛩䚹

㻜㻚㻞㻌 ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛾ᵓᡂ㻌

ᮏሗ࿌᭩䛾඲యᵓᡂ䛿௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛷䛒䜛䚹➨

1

❶䛷䛿䚸ᮏศᯒ䛻⏝䛔䛯䝕䞊䝍䚸ศᯒ᪉ἲ䛻䛴 䛔䛶グ㍕䛩䜛䚹➨

2

❶䛛䜙➨

5

❶䛻䛛䛡䛶䚸ᮏศᯒ䛾ෆᐜ䜢

4

䛴䛾䝟䞊䝖䛻኱ู䛧䛶グ㍕䛩䜛䚹➨

2

❶䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䛃䚸➨

3

❶䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ẁ㝵ู㞟✚

ഴྥ䛃䚸➨

4

❶䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛃䚸➨

5

❶䛻䛚䛔䛶䛂ᢏ⾡ู䛾▱ⓗ

⏕⏘άື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䛃䛻㛵䛧䛶グ㍕䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛜ᆅ⌮ⓗ䛻䛹䛾䜘䛖䛻 ศᕸ䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛛䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ᢕᥱ䜢ヨ䜏䜛䚹

­ ³ ­

䛆➨ 㻝 ❶䛇㻌 ศᯒ䝕䞊䝍䚸ศᯒ᪉ἲ㻌

㻝㻚㻝 䝕䞊䝍ᴫせ㻌

㻝㻚㻝㻚㻝 ≉チ䝕䞊䝍㻌

ᮏศᯒ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸୍⯡㈈ᅋἲே䛂▱ⓗ㈈⏘◊✲ᡤ䛃䛾ᥦ౪䛩䜛

IIP

䝟䝔䞁䝖䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇

2015

ᖺ∧䠄≉チᗇ

2013

ᖺᗘᥦ౪ศ䜎䛷䛾䛂ᩚ⌮ᶆ‽໬䝕䞊䝍䛃䠅

[7]

䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䚹

IIP

䝟䝔䞁䝖䝕䞊䝍䝧 䞊䝇

2015

ᖺ∧䛾䛖䛱䚸ฟ㢪ᖺ䛜┤㏆

20

ᖺ㛫䠄

1994

䡚

2013

ᖺ䠅䚸ฟ㢪ே䜎䛯䛿Ⓨ᫂ே䛾ఫᡤ䛜ᅜ ෆ䛾㒔㐨ᗓ┴䝺䝧䝹䛒䜛䛔䛿ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝺䝧䝹䛷ྠᐃ䛷䛝䜛䝕䞊䝍䜢ศᯒᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䚹

IIP

䝟䝔䞁䝖 䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇ෆ䛾ఫᡤ䝕䞊䝍䛾㒔㐨ᗓ┴䝺䝧䝹䛒䜛䛔䛿ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝺䝧䝹䛷ྠᐃ䛩䜛సᴗ䛻㛵䛧 䛶䛿䚸୍ᶫ኱Ꮫ䜲䝜䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁◊✲䝉䞁䝍䞊䠖⏣ᮧ≉௵ㅮᖌ䠄

NISTEP

ᐈဨ◊✲ᐁ䠅䛾䜰䝹䝂䝸䝈䝮 䛻䜘䜛⤖ᯝ䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䚹

ᮏศᯒ䛷䛿䚸▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᣦᶆ䛸䛧䛶䚸ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸ฟ㢪

ேᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛾

4

䛴䛾≉チᣦᶆ䜢⏝䛔䜛䚹ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛸䛿䚸┤㏆

20

ᖺ㛫䠄

1994

䡚

2013

ᖺ䠅䛻ฟ㢪䛥䜜䛯≉チ䜢ฟ㢪ே䛤䛸䛻䜹䜴䞁䝖䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒䜛䚹Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䛸䛿䚸

┤㏆

20

ᖺ㛫䛻ฟ㢪䛥䜜䛯≉チ䜢Ⓨ᫂ே䛤䛸䛻䜹䜴䞁䝖䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䛷䛒䜛䚹ฟ㢪ேᩘ䛸䛿┤㏆

20

ᖺ 㛫䛻ฟ㢪䛥䜜䛯≉チ䛾ฟ㢪ே䛷䚸ྡ๓䞉ఫᡤ䛾ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒୍᪉䛾䝺䝁䞊䝗䛜␗䛺䜛ฟ㢪ே䛾ேᩘ䛷 䛒䜛䠄ྡ๓䞉ఫᡤ䛜ྠ୍䛾䝺䝁䞊䝗䛾ฟ㢪ே䛿ྠ䛨ฟ㢪ே䛸䜏䛺䛩䠅䚹Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䛸䛿┤㏆

20

ᖺ㛫䛻 ฟ㢪䛥䜜䛯≉チ䛾Ⓨ᫂ே䛷䚸ྡ๓䞉ఫᡤ䛾ᑡ䛺䛟䛸䜒୍᪉䛾䝺䝁䞊䝗䛜␗䛺䜛Ⓨ᫂ே䛾ேᩘ䛷䛒䜛 䠄ྡ๓䞉ఫᡤ䛜ྠ୍䛾䝺䝁䞊䝗䛾Ⓨ᫂ே䛿ྠ䛨Ⓨ᫂ே䛸䜏䛺䛩䠅䚹

ྛ≉チᣦᶆ䛾䝕䞊䝍ᩘ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿⾲

1.1.1.

䛻䚸ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾グ㏙⤫ィ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿⾲

1.1.2.

䛻グ

㍕䛩䜛䚹

⾲ ྛ≉チᣦᶆ䛾ศᯒᑐ㇟䝕䞊䝍ᩘ

⾲ ྛ≉チᣦᶆ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾グ㏙⤫ィ

ఫᡤ䛾ྠᐃ䝺䝧䝹

㒔㐨ᗓ┴ ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ 㻢㻘㻠㻟㻢㻘㻥㻤㻞 㻞㻘㻢㻤㻜 㻢㻘㻠㻟㻠㻘㻟㻜㻞

Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ 㻝㻞㻘㻤㻤㻢㻘㻞㻜㻟 㻟㻠㻘㻠㻢㻜 㻝㻞㻘㻤㻡㻝㻘㻣㻠㻟

ฟ㢪ேᩘ 㻞㻡㻡㻘㻜㻝㻜 㻣㻡㻤 㻞㻡㻠㻘㻞㻡㻞

Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ 㻟㻘㻟㻟㻢㻘㻡㻠㻞 㻝㻣㻘㻜㻠㻟 㻟㻘㻟㻝㻥㻘㻠㻥㻥

ྜィ

≉チᣦᶆ

ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ ฟ㢪ேᩘ Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ

ᖹᆒ್ 㻟㻘㻟㻤㻢㻢㻘㻣㻣㻥 㻝㻟㻠 㻝㻘㻣㻡㻡

୰ኸ್ 㻝㻝㻡 㻞㻥㻢㻟㻟 㻝㻡㻟

᭱኱್ 㻣㻡㻤㻘㻠㻜㻠 㻣㻤㻜㻘㻡㻡㻟 㻡㻘㻥㻝㻟 㻝㻣㻥㻘㻟㻟㻣

᭱ᑠ್ 㻜 㻜 㻜 㻜

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 㻞㻤㻘㻣㻜㻟 㻟㻡㻘㻜㻡㻜 㻟㻟㻟 㻣㻘㻡㻝㻥

­ ´ ­ 㻝㻚㻝㻚㻞 ௻ᴗάື䝕䞊䝍㻌

▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛸௻ᴗάື䛾㞟✚ഴྥ䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䠄➨

4

❶䠅䛯䜑䚸ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾௻ᴗάືᣦᶆ䛸 䛧䛶䚸⥲ົ┬䞉⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬䛾ᐇ᪋䛧䛶䛔䜛ᖹᡂ

24

ᖺ⤒῭䝉䞁䝃䝇άືㄪᰝ

[8]

䛾஦ᴗᡤᩘ䚸ᚑᴗ ဨᩘ䚸኎ୖ䠄཰ධ䠅㔠㢠➼䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䚹ྛ௻ᴗάືᣦᶆ䛿䚸䛂஦ᴗᡤ䛻㛵䛩䜛㞟ィ䠖⏘ᴗ ᶓ᩿ⓗ㞟ィ䛃䛾㒔㐨ᗓ┴ู⤖ᯝ䛻䛚䛡䜛஦ᴗᡤᩘ䚸ᚑᴗ⪅ᩘ䚸኎ୖ䠄཰ධ䠅㔠㢠➼䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢ᕷ

༊⏫ᮧู䛻㞟ィ䛧䛯䝕䞊䝍䠄䛯䛰䛧䚸እᅜ䛾఍♫ཬ䜃ἲே䛷䛺䛔ᅋయ䛾䝕䞊䝍䛿㝖እ䠅䛸䛺䜛䚹䛺 䛚䚸ᮏศᯒ䛷฼⏝䛩䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛿

2014

ᖺ

3

᭶

31

᪥᫬Ⅼ䛷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛷䛒䜚䚸⤒῭䝉䞁䝃䝇ά

ືㄪᰝ䛾ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ䛷䛒䜛

2012

ᖺ

2

᭶

1

᪥䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛸୍㒊ᑐᛂ䛧䛺䛔ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛜䛒䜛䠄

ex.

ᨻ ௧ᣦᐃ㒔ᕷ䛾ไᐃ䠅䚹䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺ሙྜ䚸ྍ⬟䛺㝈䜚

2014

ᖺ

3

᭶

31

᪥᫬Ⅼ䛷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛻ᑐᛂ䛩 䜛䜘䛖䛻䝕䞊䝍䛾㞟ィ䜢ヨ䜏䛶䛔䜛䚹ヲ⣽䛺ᑐᛂ᪉ἲ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸⾲

1.1.3.

䛻グ㍕䛩䜛䚹

䜎䛯䚸ྛ௻ᴗάືᣦᶆ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾グ㏙⤫ィ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿⾲

1.1.4.

䛻グ㍕䛩䜛䚹

⾲ ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝕䞊䝍䛸 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䝕䞊䝍䛾ᑐᛂ㛵ಀ

⾲ ྛ௻ᴗάືᣦᶆ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛾グ㏙⤫ィ

㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻞᭶㻝᪥᫬Ⅼ 㻞㻜㻝㻠ᖺ㻟᭶㻟㻝᪥᫬Ⅼ

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧྡ ᕷ༊⏫ᮧྡ

໭ᾏ㐨᰿ᐊ᣺⯆ᒁⰍ୹ᮧ ໭ᾏ㐨᰿ᐊ᣺⯆ᒁⰍ୹ᮧ

໭ᾏ㐨᰿ᐊ᣺⯆ᒁἩᮧ ໭ᾏ㐨᰿ᐊ᣺⯆ᒁἩᮧ

໭ᾏ㐨᰿ᐊ᣺⯆ᒁ␃ูᮧ ໭ᾏ㐨᰿ᐊ᣺⯆ᒁ␃ูᮧ

⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ᴍⴥ⏫ ⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ᴍⴥ⏫

⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ᐩᒸ⏫ ⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ᐩᒸ⏫

⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆኱⇃⏫ ⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆኱⇃⏫

⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆཮ⴥ⏫ ⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆཮ⴥ⏫

⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ᾉỤ⏫ ⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ᾉỤ⏫

⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ⴱᑿᮧ ⚟ᓥ┴཮ⴥ㒆ⴱᑿᮧ

⚟ᓥ┴┦㤿㒆㣤⯓ᮧ ⚟ᓥ┴┦㤿㒆㣤⯓ᮧ

ᒾᡭ㒆ἑᮧ ᒾᡭ┴ἑᕷ ᕷ༊⏫ᮧྡ䛾୙୍⮴䛿㻞㻜㻝㻠ᖺ㻝᭶㻝᪥䛾ᕷไ᪋⾜䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢䛭䛾䜎䜎㐺⏝䛩䜛䚹

༡ᇸ⋢㒆ⓑᒸ⏫ ᇸ⋢┴ⓑᒸᕷ ᕷ༊⏫ᮧྡ䛾୙୍⮴䛿㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻝㻜᭶㻝᪥䛾ᕷไ᪋⾜䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸 㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢䛭䛾䜎䜎㐺⏝䛩䜛䚹

ᒣṊ㒆኱⥘ⓑ㔛⏫ ༓ⴥ┴኱⥙ⓑ㔛ᕷ ᕷ༊⏫ᮧྡ䛾୙୍⮴䛿㻞㻜㻝㻟ᖺ㻝᭶㻝᪥䛾ᕷไ᪋⾜䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䚸㻞㻜㻝㻞 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢䛭䛾䜎䜎㐺⏝䛩䜛䚹

⇃ᮏ┴⇃ᮏᕷ୰ኸ༊

⇃ᮏ┴⇃ᮏᕷᮾ༊

⇃ᮏ┴⇃ᮏᕷす༊

⇃ᮏ┴⇃ᮏᕷ༡༊

⇃ᮏ┴⇃ᮏᕷ໭༊

ᖹᡂ㻞㻠ᖺ⤒῭䝉䞁䝃䝇άືㄪᰝ⤒῭䝉䞁䝃䝇䛾ㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ䛾䝕䞊䝍䛜↓䛔䛯 䜑䚸஦ᴗᡤᩘ䚸ᚑᴗဨᩘ䚸኎ୖ䠄཰ධ䠅㔠㢠➼䛾್䜢㻜䛸䛩䜛䚹

ᑐᛂෆᐜ

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧྡ䛾୙୍⮴䛿㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ㻠᭶㻝᪥䛾ᨻ௧ᣦᐃ㒔ᕷ⛣⾜䛻䜘䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒䜛 䛯䜑䚸㻞㻜㻝㻞ᖺ᫬Ⅼ䛾䝕䞊䝍䜢㠃✚ẚ䛷ᣨศ䛧㐺⏝䛩䜛䚹

୰ኸ༊䛾㠃✚ẚ䠖㻜㻚㻜㻢㻡䚸ᮾ༊䛾㠃✚ẚ䠖㻜㻚㻝㻞㻥䚸す༊䛾㠃✚ẚ䠖㻜㻚㻞㻞㻣䚸 ༡༊䛾㠃✚ẚ䠖㻜㻚㻞㻤㻟䚸໭༊䛾㠃✚ẚ䠖㻜㻚㻞㻥㻢

⇃ᮏ┴⇃ᮏᕷ

㻌 ஦ᴗᡤᩘ ᚑᴗ⪅ᩘ㻔ே㻕 ኎ୖ㻔཰ධ㻕㔠㢠㻔ⓒ୓෇㻕

ᖹᆒ್ 㻞㻘㻟㻠㻢㻞㻠㻘㻡㻠㻠 㻡㻞㻝㻘㻞㻣㻤

୰ኸ್ 㻝㻘㻝㻞㻞 㻥㻘㻠㻢㻟 㻝㻞㻟㻘㻜㻞㻥

᭱኱್ 㻞㻢㻘㻡㻥㻞 㻣㻣㻣㻘㻠㻡㻝 㻣㻝㻘㻝㻝㻟㻘㻞㻢㻢

᭱ᑠ್ 㻜 㻜 㻜

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ 㻟㻘㻟㻤㻜 㻠㻣㻘㻠㻥㻞 㻞㻘㻞㻤㻝㻘㻞㻣㻟

­ µ ­ 㻝㻚㻝㻚㻟 ᆅ⌮ⓗ䝕䞊䝍㻌

ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾఩⨨䝕䞊䝍䠄༊ᇦ䝕䞊䝍䠅䛿䚸

WEB

䛷ᥦ౪䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༊ᇦ䛾

GIS

䝕䞊䝍⏕

ᡂ䝒䞊䝹䠄

Municipality Map Maker

䜴䜵䝤∧䠖

MMM4W

䠅

[9]

䛻䜘䜚సᡂ䛧䛯

2014

ᖺ

3

᭶

31

᪥᫬

Ⅼ䛷䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༊ᇦ䝫䝸䝂䞁䝕䞊䝍䜢౑⏝䛩䜛䚹ᡃ䛜ᅜ䛾⾜ᨻ༊ᇦ䛻㛵䛩䜛

GIS

䝕䞊䝍䜢ᥦ౪䛩 䜛௦⾲ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛸䛧䛶䚸ᅜᅵ஺㏻┬ᅜᅵᨻ⟇ᒁᅜᅵ᝟ሗㄢ䛾䛂ᅜᅵᩘ್᝟ሗ䝎䜴䞁䝻䞊䝗䝃䞊䝡 䝇䛃

[10]

䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸௵ព䛾᫬Ⅼ䛷䛾

GIS

䝕䞊䝍䜢ධᡭ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛺䛔ㄢ㢟䛜䛒䜛

[11]

䚹

MMM4W

䛿ᙜヱㄢ㢟䛻ᛂ䛘䜛䛯䜑䛻సᡂ䛥䜜䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༊ᇦ䛻㛵䛩䜛᫬✵㛫ⓗ䛺䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇

䛷䛒䜚䚸 ᮏ ศ ᯒ 䛷䛿 ᒓ ᛶ ᝟ ሗ 䛾䝕䞊䝍 ᫬ Ⅼ 䛸 ᕷ ༊ ⏫ ᮧ 䛾 ༊ ᇦ 䝕䞊䝍 䛾 ᫬ Ⅼ 䜢ᥞ 䛘䜛䛯䜑䚸

MMM4W

䛾༊ᇦ䝕䞊䝍䜢㐺⏝䛩䜛䚹

㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾఩⨨䝕䞊䝍䛿䚸䜸䞊䝥䞁䝋䞊䝇䛾ᆅ⌮᝟ሗ䝅䝇䝔䝮

QGIS[12]

䜢฼⏝䛧䚸ୖグ䛾ᕷ༊

⏫ᮧ䛾఩⨨䝕䞊䝍䜢ྠ୍㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛷⼥ྜ䛧䛶సᡂ䛧䛯䝫䝸䝂䞁䝕䞊䝍䜢౑⏝䛩䜛䚹

㻝㻚㻞 ศᯒ᪉ἲ㻌

㻝㻚㻞㻚㻝 ▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䛻㛵䛩䜛ศᯒ㻌 㻝㻚㻞㻚㻝㻚㻝 ≉チᣦᶆู䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ㻌

ᮏศᯒ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䚸ᅜෆ䛾▱ⓗ⏕⏘άື䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸

4

䛴䛾≉チᣦᶆ 䠄ฟ㢪ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேู≉チฟ㢪ᩘ䚸ฟ㢪ேᩘ䚸Ⓨ᫂ேᩘ䠅䛻㛵䛧䚸≉チᣦᶆ䛾ከ䛔 ᆅᇦ䚸ᆅᇦ㛫䛷䛾ᕪ␗䚸ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ䛾≧ἣ䜢䜏䜛䚹≉チᣦᶆ䛾ከ䛔ᆅᇦ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸㒔㐨ᗓ┴

༢఩䚸ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༢఩⁵䛷≉チᣦᶆ䜢㞟ィ䛧ୖ఩䛾ᆅᇦ䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䚹ᆅᇦ㛫䛷䛾ᕪ␗䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸 ᕷ༊⏫ᮧู䛻≉チᣦᶆ䜢㞟ィ䛧䚸㞟ィ್䛾኱䛝䛥䛤䛸䛻ᕷ༊⏫ᮧᩘ䛾ศᕸ䜢ぢ䜛䚹ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ

≧ἣ䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䚸㒔㐨ᗓ┴༢఩䛷≉チᣦᶆ䜢㞟ィ䛧䛶䚸

4

➼㔞ศ㢮䛻䜘䜛Ⰽศ䛡ᆅᅗ䜢సᡂ䛧䚸

≉チᣦᶆ䛾ከ䛔㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ䜢ྍど໬䛩䜛䚹 㻝㻚㻞㻚㻝㻚㻞 ᆅ᪉ู䛾䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖➼䛾ศᯒ㻌

ྛ≉チᣦᶆ䛾㞟୰ᆅᇦ䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䜢ᢕᥱ䛩䜛䛯䜑䚸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䠄ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༢఩䠅䛾ᶆ‽

໬≉チᣦᶆ䠄

z

್䠅䛸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾࿘㎶䛻䛚䛡䜛ᖹᆒᶆ‽໬≉チᣦᶆ䛾

2

䛴䛾 ᗘ䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䛶䚸

ྛᆅᇦ䜢

4

䛴䛾䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻ศ㢮䛧䚸䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛤䛸䛾Ⰽศ䛡ᆅᅗ䜢సᡂ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸ྛ䜹䝔䝂䝸 䞊䛾ᆅ⌮ⓗศᕸ≧ἣ䜢ᆅ᪉ู䛻ぢ䜛䚹ᮏศᯒ䛷䛿䚸࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䜢ቃ⏺䛾᥋䛧䛶䛔䜛ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛸ᐃ

⩏䛩䜛䚹䜎䛯䚸ᒁᡤ✵㛫⤫ィ㔞䠄

LISA

䠅䛷䛒䜛ORFDO0RUDQ¶V,䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䚸ྛ䜹䝔䝂䝸䞊䛻ศ 㢮䛥䜜䛯ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䛾୰䛛䜙䚸✵㛫ⓗ⮬ᕫ┦㛵䛻㛵䛧⤫ィᏛⓗ䛻᭷ព䛺ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ䜢ᢳฟ䛧䚸䜹䝔 䝂䝸䞊䛤䛸䛾Ⰽศ䛡ᆅᅗ䜢సᡂ䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄᭷ពỈ‽

5%

䠅䚹

5 ᮾி㒔䛻䛒䜛≉ู༊௨እ䛾ᨻ௧ᣦᐃ㒔ᕷ䛾༊䜒ᕷ⏫ᮧ䛸ྠ➼䛻ᢅ䛖䠄௨ୗ䛾ᕷ༊⏫ᮧ༢఩䛾ศᯒ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒

ྠᵝ䠅䚹

­ ¶ ­ ORFDO0RUDQ¶V,䛾⟬ᐃᘧ䛿௨ୗ䛾㏻䜚䛸䛺䜛

[13]

䚹

݈݋݈ܿܽܯ݋ݎܽ݊^䈓ݏܫ ൌ ݊

ܵ_଴ήσ ܹ_{௝ ௜௝}ሺݕ_௜െ ݕതሻ൫ݕ_௝െ ݕത൯ σ ሺݕ_{௜ ௜}െ ݕതሻ^ଶ

䠄Q䠖ᆅᇦᩘ

,

ܵ଴䠖✵㛫㔜䜏⾜ิ䛾඲せ⣲࿴

,

ݓ௜௝䠖ᇶ‽໬䛧䛯䝹䞊䜽ᆺ䛾✵㛫㔜䜏⾜ิ

,

ݕ_௜䠖ᆅᇦ݅䛾ኚᩘ್

,

ݕത䠖඲ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾ኚᩘ್䛾ᖹᆒ್䠅

ᅗ

1.2.1.

䛻㞟୰ᆅᇦ䛾䝟䝍䞊䞁ศ㢮䛾㢮ᆺ䠄䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ䠅

[14]

䜢♧䛩䚹⦪㍈䛻ᶆ‽໬䛧䛯≉チ

ᣦᶆ䠄

z

್䠅䛾್䚸ᶓ㍈䛻࿘㎶䛻䛚䛡䜛ᖹᆒᶆ‽໬≉チᣦᶆ䠄

z

್䠅䛾್䜢䛸䜛䚹

ᅗ 㻌 䝰䝷䞁ᩓᕸᅗ

➨

1

㇟㝈䛿䚸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䚸࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛸䜒䛻≉チᣦᶆ䛾್䛜ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗䛟䛺䜛

High-High

ᆅᇦ䛸䛺䜛䚹

➨

2

㇟㝈䛿䚸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾≉チᣦᶆ䛾್䛿ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗䛔䛜䚸࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛾≉チᣦᶆ䛾್䛿ẚ㍑ⓗప䛟

䛺䜛

High-Low

ᆅᇦ䛸䛺䜛䚹➨

3

㇟㝈䛿䚸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䚸࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛸䜒䛻≉チᣦᶆ䛾್䛜ẚ㍑ⓗప䛟䛺

䜛

Low-Low

ᆅᇦ䛸䛺䜛䚹➨

4

㇟㝈䛿䚸ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾≉チᣦᶆ䛾್䛿ẚ㍑ⓗప䛔䛜䚸࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛾≉

チᣦᶆ䛾್䛿ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗䛟䛺䜛

Low-High

ᆅᇦ䛸䛺䜛䚹

ᑐ㇟ᆅᇦ䛾≉チᣦᶆ䠄z್䠅

࿘㎶ᆅᇦ䛾

≉チᣦᶆ䠄z್䠅 䛆➨2㇟㝈䛇

High-Low

䛆➨1㇟㝈䛇 High-High 䠄䝩䝑䝖䝇䝫䝑䝖䠅

䛆➨3㇟㝈䛇 Low-Low 䠄䜽䞊䝹䝇䝫䝑䝖䠅

䛆➨4㇟㝈䛇 Low-High