㫽 ྲྀ Ꮫ Ꮫ 㝔 ᕤ Ꮫ ◊ ✲ ⛉㸭ᕤ Ꮫ 㒊 ◊ ✲ ሗ ࿌ ➨㸱㸷ྕ ᅗ୰㸪ୖ㝈ୗ㝈┦ᙜࡍࡿ a ࡢ್㸪࠾ࡼࡧ㸪 ࡑࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ㸬a ࡢྛ್ᑐࡋ࡚ᘧ ࡽ Ibࢆ s fࡢ㛵ᩘࡋ࡚⾲ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ㛵ಀࢆ ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᘧ ࡼࡾ qu sfࡢ㛵ಀࢆィ⟬࡛ࡁࡿ㸬⤖ ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪3 ᮏࡢ᭤⥺ࡣ a ࡢྛ್ ᑐᛂࡍࡿィ⟬್㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡣᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᅗ 10 ࡼࡾ㸪Ibࡢ s fᑐࡍࡿ㠀⥺ᙧᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ ࡇࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ㦂್ࢆ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁ ࡿ㸬㠀⥺ᙧᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧ ࡛ࡣᐇ㦂್ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 0 50 100 150 200 sf (kPa) qu (kPa) 40 50 55 65 70 80 ᘧ ᘧ ࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓィ⟬್ a =䇲0.27 a =-0.19 a =-0.23 ᅗ Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧࡼࡿホ౯ 㸲㸬⤖ㄽ ౪ヨయస〇 ౪ヨయస〇࣮ࣔࣝࢻෆ࿘㠃ࢩࣜࢥࣥ࢜ࣝ ࢆሬᕸࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾ㸪࣮ࣔࣝࢻࢆྲྀࡾࡣࡎࡋࡓ㝿 ࡢ౪ヨయ⾲㠃ࡢࢀࢆ㜵ࡄࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬 ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㺃ࡦࡎࡳ㛵ಀ ᛂຊ̺ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ㺃ࡦࡎࡳࡢᣲືࡣᅽ⦰୰ࡢࢧࢡ ࢩࣙࣥࡢኚືࡀࡁ࠸ࡶࡢᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢศࡅࡿࡇ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢప࠸ࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࢧࢡࢩ ࣙࣥࡢኚືࡀࡁࡃ㸪ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࡀ᭱࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ ࡦࡎࡳࡀࡁ࠸㸬୍᪉㸪ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ ࡣ㸪ࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡢኚືࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ᅽ⦰ᛂຊࡀ᭱ ࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢࡦࡎࡳࡀᑠࡉ࠸㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ึᮇࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥࡀ㧗࠸ࡶࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉ ᗘࡣࡁ࠸㸬 ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ Bishop ࡢ᭷ຠᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃ㸪㣬ᗘࡢ㧗࠸౪ ヨయࡢ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ quࡣホ౯࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪㣬ᗘࡢ ప࠸౪ヨయࡢᙉᗘ quࡣ㐣ᑠホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 Fredlund ࡽࡢᙉᗘᘧ࡛ࡣᖜᗈ࠸㣬ᗘࡢヨ㦂⤖ᯝ ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡣ㸪Ibࡢࢧࢡࢩࣙࣥ౫Ꮡᛶࢆ⪃៖ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣ㸪➨ⴭ⪅ࡀᅵᮌᕤᏛ⛉༞ᴗ◊✲ ࡋ࡚ᐇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅵᮌᕤᏛㅮᗙᴮ᫂₩ᩍ ᤵ㸪ᢏ⾡㒊ᒾᡂᩗẶࡈᣦᑟࢆ㈷ࡗࡓ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ 㦂㝿ࡋ࡚ᑎ᪉῟Ặ࠾ୡヰ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬グࡋ࡚ㅰ ពࢆ⾲ࡍࡿ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ >@ΎỈṇ႐㸪ᮌୗ⪽㸪すᒸ㱟㸸⥾ᅛࡵࡓ㣬 ᅵࡢ⥾ᅛࡵ≉ᛶ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᣲື㸪ᅵᮌᏛ➨ ᅇᖺḟᏛ⾡ㅮ₇㸪Ϫ㸪㸬 >@ΎỈṇ႐㸪ᰗ℩ెྐ㸸⥾ᅛࡵࡓ㣬ࢩࣝࢺࡢ ୍㍈ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘ≉ᛶ㸸⢏Ꮚ㛫ᆶ┤ᛂຊᇶ࡙ࡃ⪃ ᐹ㸪ᅵᮌᏛ➨ ᅇᖺḟᏛ⾡ㅮ₇㸪Ϫ̺㸪 㸬 㸦ཷ⌮ ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥㸧
◁ࡢ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ౪ヨయస〇ヨ㦂ᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ྂ⃝♸
㫽ྲྀᏛᏛ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ♫ᇶ┙ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Methods of Preparing Specimens and Testiong Procedures for Direct Shear Box Test
Masayoshi SHIMIZU and Keisuke FURUSAWA
Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering
The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University
Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: The objective of the study is to improve the method of conducting shear box tests on dry sand. An improved method of
preparing specimens is proposed. By the method, specimens of a specified density can be prepared with high reproducibility. It is also discussed how the behavior of normal stresses are affected by the procedures, to be followed before shearing, for detaching one shear box from the other box and for fixing the detached box.
Key Words: Direct shear box test, Dry sand, Normal stress, Shear strength.
㸯㸬ᗎㄽ ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ㸪᧠ⅆᒣ⅊㉁⢓ᛶᅵࡸ⇱◁ࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚㸪ຍᅽᯈഃ࠾ࡼࡧຊᯈഃ࡛ᆶ┤ᛂຊࢆ ᐃ࣭ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪୍ 㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂≉᭷ࡢ౪ヨయ࿘㠃ᦶ᧿ࡀᙉᗘ≉ᛶ ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ>@㸬ᮏ◊ ✲࡛ࡣ⇱◁ࡢࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿ၥ㢟 ࡞ࡿ౪ヨయࡢస〇᪉ἲࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ㸪ࡲࡓヨ㦂 ᶵࡢᶵᵓ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ᧯సᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟 ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ◁ࡢ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ౪ヨయࡢస〇᪉ἲ ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᆅ┙ᕤᏛᇶ‽>@࡛ࡣ㸪₃ᩯࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ◁ࢆ⮬⏤ⴠୗࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬༶ࡕ㸪 ඛ➃ࢆሰ࠸ࡔ≧ែ࡛₃ᩯෆヨᩱࢆධࢀ㸪ᡤᐃࡢ 㧗ࡉࡽヨᩱࢆⴠୗࡉࡏࡿ㸬ḟ㸪ヨᩱࡢୖ㠃ࢆ ᖹࡽୖࡆ㸪⥾ᅛࡵ⏝ල࡞࡛ヨᩱୖ㠃ࡽᢲ ࡉ࠼࡚ᡤᐃࡢᐦᗘ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺⥾ᅛࡵࡿ㸬⦆ワࡵ ࡢ౪ヨయࡣヨᩱࢆ୍ᅇࡢᢞୗ࡛స〇ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᐦ࡞ ≧ែࡍࡿࡁࡣヨᩱࢆ 㹼 ᒙศࡅ࡚⾜࠺㸬 ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪≉ᐦワࡵࡢሙྜ㸪ᒙศࡅࡿ ࡇ࡛౪ヨయࡢᐦᗘࡀᆒ୍࡛࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀᠱᛕ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲>@࠾࠸࡚㸪 ᅇࡢ ⴠୗ࡛ヨᩱࢆࡏࢇ᩿⟽ᢞධࡋࡓᚋ㸪ᡭᣢࡗࡓ ᮌᵔ࡛ᡤᐃࡢ㊥㞳ࡽࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆ྇࠸࡚⥾ࡵᅛࡵ ࡿࡇࡼࡾ౪ヨయࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪 ᒙศࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ᒙู⥾ᅛࡵ㉳ᅉࡍࡿᐦᗘࡢ ᆒ୍ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ 㠃㸪ᮌᵔ࡛྇ࡃຊࢆ୍ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡓ ࡵ㸪┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢ㧗࠸⌧ᛶࢆᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ㸪✵୰ⴠୗἲᡴᧁἲࢆే⏝ࡋࡓ౪ ヨయస〇᪉ἲࢆ᪂ࡓᥦࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿ ⌧ᛶࡢ㧗࠸౪ヨయస〇ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽㛫ࡢ㝽㛫ࡢ᭷↓ࡸ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿๓ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᅛᐃࡍࡿ᧯సᡭ㡰ࡀᆶ┤ᛂຊࡢᣲື ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬 㸰㸬ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ౪ヨయస〇᪉ἲ 㸰㸯ヨᩱ ヨᩱࡣ㇏ᾆ◁࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅵ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ JFP㸪 ᭱ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᭱ ᑠ 㛫 㝽 ẚ ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ emax=0.990 㸪 emin=0.605 ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ࢆᅗ㸯♧ࡍ㸬 㸰㸰✵୰ⴠୗἲ ✵୰ⴠୗἲ࠾࠸࡚㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ㸪₃ᩯࡢᙧ≧࠾ 65
◁ࡢ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ౪ヨయస〇ヨ㦂ᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ྂ⃝♸
㫽ྲྀᏛᏛ㝔 ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉ ♫ᇶ┙ᕤᏛᑓᨷ
Methods of Preparing Specimens and Testiong Procedures for Direct Shear Box Test
Masayoshi SHIMIZU and Keisuke FURUSAWA
Department of Management of Social Systems and Civil Engineering
The Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University
Tottori, 680-8552 Japan
Email: [email protected]
Abstract: The objective of the study is to improve the method of conducting shear box tests on dry sand. An improved method of
preparing specimens is proposed. By the method, specimens of a specified density can be prepared with high reproducibility. It is also discussed how the behavior of normal stresses are affected by the procedures, to be followed before shearing, for detaching one shear box from the other box and for fixing the detached box.
Key Words: Direct shear box test, Dry sand, Normal stress, Shear strength.
㸯㸬ᗎㄽ ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ㸪᧠ⅆᒣ⅊㉁⢓ᛶᅵࡸ⇱◁ࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋ࡚㸪ຍᅽᯈഃ࠾ࡼࡧຊᯈഃ࡛ᆶ┤ᛂຊࢆ ᐃ࣭ไᚚ࡛ࡁࡿ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ᶵࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪୍ 㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂≉᭷ࡢ౪ヨయ࿘㠃ᦶ᧿ࡀᙉᗘ≉ᛶ ࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ>@㸬ᮏ◊ ✲࡛ࡣ⇱◁ࡢࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࢆᐇࡍࡿ㝿ၥ㢟 ࡞ࡿ౪ヨయࡢస〇᪉ἲࢆᨵၿࡍࡿࡇ㸪ࡲࡓヨ㦂 ᶵࡢᶵᵓ㉳ᅉࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ᧯సᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟 ࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ◁ࡢ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ౪ヨయࡢస〇᪉ἲ ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᆅ┙ᕤᏛᇶ‽>@࡛ࡣ㸪₃ᩯࢆ⏝࠸࡚ ◁ࢆ⮬⏤ⴠୗࡉࡏࡿ᪉ἲࡀつᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬༶ࡕ㸪 ඛ➃ࢆሰ࠸ࡔ≧ែ࡛₃ᩯෆヨᩱࢆධࢀ㸪ᡤᐃࡢ 㧗ࡉࡽヨᩱࢆⴠୗࡉࡏࡿ㸬ḟ㸪ヨᩱࡢୖ㠃ࢆ ᖹࡽୖࡆ㸪⥾ᅛࡵ⏝ල࡞࡛ヨᩱୖ㠃ࡽᢲ ࡉ࠼࡚ᡤᐃࡢᐦᗘ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺⥾ᅛࡵࡿ㸬⦆ワࡵ ࡢ౪ヨయࡣヨᩱࢆ୍ᅇࡢᢞୗ࡛స〇ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ᐦ࡞ ≧ែࡍࡿࡁࡣヨᩱࢆ 㹼 ᒙศࡅ࡚⾜࠺㸬 ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪≉ᐦワࡵࡢሙྜ㸪ᒙศࡅࡿ ࡇ࡛౪ヨయࡢᐦᗘࡀᆒ୍࡛࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀᠱᛕ ࡉࢀࡿ㸬 ⴭ⪅ࡽࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲>@࠾࠸࡚㸪 ᅇࡢ ⴠୗ࡛ヨᩱࢆࡏࢇ᩿⟽ᢞධࡋࡓᚋ㸪ᡭᣢࡗࡓ ᮌᵔ࡛ᡤᐃࡢ㊥㞳ࡽࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆ྇࠸࡚⥾ࡵᅛࡵ ࡿࡇࡼࡾ౪ヨయࢆస〇ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ㸪 ᒙศࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ᒙู⥾ᅛࡵ㉳ᅉࡍࡿᐦᗘࡢ ᆒ୍ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ 㠃㸪ᮌᵔ࡛྇ࡃຊࢆ୍ᐃࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡓ ࡵ㸪┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢ㧗࠸⌧ᛶࢆᮇᚅ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠸࠺ ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬 ᮏሗ࿌࡛ࡣ㸪✵୰ⴠୗἲᡴᧁἲࢆే⏝ࡋࡓ౪ ヨయస〇᪉ἲࢆ᪂ࡓᥦࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿ ⌧ᛶࡢ㧗࠸౪ヨయస〇ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽㛫ࡢ㝽㛫ࡢ᭷↓ࡸ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿๓ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᅛᐃࡍࡿ᧯సᡭ㡰ࡀᆶ┤ᛂຊࡢᣲື ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿ㸬 㸰㸬ヨᩱ࠾ࡼࡧ౪ヨయస〇᪉ἲ 㸰㸯ヨᩱ ヨᩱࡣ㇏ᾆ◁࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅵ⢏Ꮚᐦᗘ JFP㸪 ᭱ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᭱ ᑠ 㛫 㝽 ẚ ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ emax=0.990 㸪 emin=0.605 ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ࢆᅗ㸯♧ࡍ㸬 㸰㸰✵୰ⴠୗἲ ✵୰ⴠୗἲ࠾࠸࡚㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ㸪₃ᩯࡢᙧ≧࠾ ࡼࡧ₃ᩯཱྀࡢཱྀᚄࡼࡿᐦᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ㸬 㸦㸯㸧₃ᩯᙧ≧ࡢᙳ㡪 ヨ㦂ࡣ㸪ᅗ㸰♧ࡍ㸰✀㢮ࡢᙧ≧ࡢ₃ᩯࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓ㸬9 ᆺ₃ᩯࡣ⣬〇࡛ -,6$ ࠾ࡼࡧ -*6 ࡛つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬< ᆺ₃ᩯࡣࣉࣛࢫࢳ ࢵࢡ〇࡛㸪ᮏయ㒊ศࡀ㗹ᙧ࡛㡬ୖ㒊ࡽ⟶ࡀఙ ࡧ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡣ₃ᩯඛ➃ヨᩱୖ㠃ࡢ㊥㞳࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ヨᩱࡢᢞୗ୰㸪୍ᐃಖࡘ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸲 D E ♧ࡍ㸬 D ࡣ 9 ᆺ₃ᩯ㸪 E ࡣ < ᆺ₃ᩯࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡁࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬₃ᩯࡢ ᙧ≧౫ࡽࡎ㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆࡁࡃࡍࡿ┦ᑐᐦᗘ ࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᭱ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࡛ࡶ┦ ᑐᐦᗘ ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡇࡽ₃ᩯࡢᙧ≧౫ࡽࡎⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆኚ ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢᖜᗈ࠸ㄪᩚࡣ↓⌮࡛࠶ࡿ ุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡣ᭱ 8cm ࡋࡓࡀ㸪 ࡑࢀ௨ୖࡍࡿヨᩱࡀ࣮ࣔࣝࢻእⴠࡕࡿࡇ㸪 ࡲࡓⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ୍ᐃಖࡘࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓ ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㸦㸰㸧₃ᩯཱྀᚄࡢᙳ㡪 9 ᆺ₃ᩯࢆ⏝࠸ཱྀ࡚ᚄࢆኚࡉࡏ࡚㸪ཱྀᚄࡼࡿ ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡓ㸬ヨ㦂᪉ἲࡣୖグྠ 㻜 㻟 㻢 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻡 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 㼂ᆺ₃ᩯ䚷ཱྀᚄ㻝㻚㻞㻔㼏㼙㻕 D 9 ᆺ₃ᩯ 㻜 㻟 㻢 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻡 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐ ᐦᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 㼅ᆺ₃ᩯ E < ᆺ₃ᩯ ᅗ㸲 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦₃ᩯᙧ≧ࡢᙳ㡪㸧 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 ⢏ᚄ (mm) ㏻ 㐣ⓒศ⋡ (%) ㇏ᾆ◁ ᅗ ヨᩱࡢ⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ V ᆺ₃ᩯ Y ᆺ₃ᩯ 5.0 23.0 1.2 10.0 7.0 6.0 0.6 ༢[cm] ᅗ㸰 ₃ᩯ ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ H (cm) ヨᩱ ࣮ࣔࣝࢻ ෆᚄ6.0(cm) ῝ࡉ 4.0(cm) ₃ᩯ ᅗ㸱 ✵୰ⴠୗἲ 㻜 㻟 㻢 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻡 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌䠄 㻑 䠅 ཱྀᚄ㻜㻚㻤㼏㼙 ཱྀᚄ㻝㻚㻞㼏㼙 ཱྀᚄ㻞㻚㻠㼏㼙 㼂ᆺ₃ᩯ 㻴㻩㻝 㻴㻩㻞 㻴㻩㻠 㻴㻩㻢 㻴㻩㻤 ᅗ㸳 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ཱྀᚄࡢᙳ㡪㸧
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ྂ⃝♸㸸◁ࡢ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ౪ヨయస〇ヨ㦂ᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ ࡼࡧ₃ᩯཱྀࡢཱྀᚄࡼࡿᐦᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ㸬 㸦㸯㸧₃ᩯᙧ≧ࡢᙳ㡪 ヨ㦂ࡣ㸪ᅗ㸰♧ࡍ㸰✀㢮ࡢᙧ≧ࡢ₃ᩯࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓ㸬9 ᆺ₃ᩯࡣ⣬〇࡛ -,6$ ࠾ࡼࡧ -*6 ࡛つᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬< ᆺ₃ᩯࡣࣉࣛࢫࢳ ࢵࢡ〇࡛㸪ᮏయ㒊ศࡀ㗹ᙧ࡛㡬ୖ㒊ࡽ⟶ࡀఙ ࡧ࡛࠸ࡿ㸬 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡣ₃ᩯඛ➃ヨᩱୖ㠃ࡢ㊥㞳࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ヨᩱࡢᢞୗ୰㸪୍ᐃಖࡘ㸦ᅗ㸱㸧㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸲 D E ♧ࡍ㸬 D ࡣ 9 ᆺ₃ᩯ㸪 E ࡣ < ᆺ₃ᩯࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡁࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬₃ᩯࡢ ᙧ≧౫ࡽࡎ㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆࡁࡃࡍࡿ┦ᑐᐦᗘ ࡣࡁࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᭱ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࡛ࡶ┦ ᑐᐦᗘ ࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢࡇࡽ₃ᩯࡢᙧ≧౫ࡽࡎⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆኚ ࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢᖜᗈ࠸ㄪᩚࡣ↓⌮࡛࠶ࡿ ุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࡣ᭱ 8cm ࡋࡓࡀ㸪 ࡑࢀ௨ୖࡍࡿヨᩱࡀ࣮ࣔࣝࢻእⴠࡕࡿࡇ㸪 ࡲࡓⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ୍ᐃಖࡘࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓ ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㸦㸰㸧₃ᩯཱྀᚄࡢᙳ㡪 9 ᆺ₃ᩯࢆ⏝࠸ཱྀ࡚ᚄࢆኚࡉࡏ࡚㸪ཱྀᚄࡼࡿ ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆㄪࡓ㸬ヨ㦂᪉ἲࡣୖグྠ 㻜 㻟 㻢 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻡 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 㼂ᆺ₃ᩯ䚷ཱྀᚄ㻝㻚㻞㻔㼏㼙㻕 D 9 ᆺ₃ᩯ 㻜 㻟 㻢 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻡 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐ ᐦᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 㼅ᆺ₃ᩯ E < ᆺ₃ᩯ ᅗ㸲 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢ㛵ಀ 㸦₃ᩯᙧ≧ࡢᙳ㡪㸧 0 20 40 60 80 100 0.01 0.1 1 10 ⢏ᚄ (mm) ㏻ 㐣ⓒศ⋡ (%) ㇏ᾆ◁ ᅗ ヨᩱࡢ⢏ᚄຍ✚᭤⥺ V ᆺ₃ᩯ Y ᆺ₃ᩯ 5.0 23.0 1.2 10.0 7.0 6.0 0.6 ༢[cm] ᅗ㸰 ₃ᩯ ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ H (cm) ヨᩱ ࣮ࣔࣝࢻ ෆᚄ6.0(cm) ῝ࡉ 4.0(cm) ₃ᩯ ᅗ㸱 ✵୰ⴠୗἲ 㻜 㻟 㻢 㻥 㻝㻞 㻝㻡 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌䠄 㻑 䠅 ཱྀᚄ㻜㻚㻤㼏㼙 ཱྀᚄ㻝㻚㻞㼏㼙 ཱྀᚄ㻞㻚㻠㼏㼙 㼂ᆺ₃ᩯ 㻴㻩㻝 㻴㻩㻞 㻴㻩㻠 㻴㻩㻢 㻴㻩㻤 ᅗ㸳 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢ㛵ಀ㸦ཱྀᚄࡢᙳ㡪㸧 㫽ྲྀᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸭ᕤᏛ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌➨㸱㸷ྕ ࡌ࡛㸪ヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸳♧ࡍ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᅗࢆぢࡸࡍ ࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵྠࡌⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶཱྀᚄࡈ ᶓ㍈ࡢ⨨ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྛⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ཱྀᚄࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆㄆ ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ྠࡌ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪 ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡶࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽཱྀᚄࡼࡿ ᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂☜⤖ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬 㸰㸱✵୰ⴠୗᡴᧁࡼࡿ⥾ᅛࡵ 㸦㸯㸧ணഛᐇ㦂 ᮌᵔࢆ⏝࠸࡚⥾ᅛࡵࡿሙྜ㸪ᚑ᮶⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ ࠺ᡭ࡛྇ࡃ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ౪ヨయࡢ⌧ᛶஈࡋ࠸㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪୍ᐃࡢᡴᧁຊࢆ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡢ➃ ࢆᨭⅬࡋ࡚⮬⏤ࡾୗࢁࡋ࡚⥾ᅛࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ ᪂ࡓ⪃ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓᡤᐃࡢᐦᗘ ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢᐦᗘࡢㄪᩚࡀྍ ⬟ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ㸴♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞⨨࡛ⴠୗ㧗ࡉᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ኚ࠼࡚ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᐜჾࡣ◁ࡢ࣭᭱᭱ᑠᐦᗘ ヨ㦂⏝ࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ヨᩱ ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ H ᮌᵔ ㉁㔞 ⣙ 210(g) 24.0(cm) 30.0(cm) ᅛᐃᯈ ᅗ㸴 ᮌᵔࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⥾ᅛࡵ⨨ ࡲࡎ㸪ᆅ┙ᕤᏛᇶ‽>@ࡢ⦆ワࡵ౪ヨయస〇᪉ ἲ㡰ࡌ࡚✵୰ⴠୗࡉࡏࡓ㸬ḟ㸪ヨᩱࢆᒣ┒ࡾ ࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ᮌᵔࢆⴠୗࡉࡏ࡚࣮ࣔࣝࢻࢆᡴᧁࡍ ࡿ㸬ᡴᧁ᪉ྥࢆ ᗘࡎࡘኚ࠼࡚ィ ᪉ྥࡽᡴᧁ ࡋࡓ㸬௨ୗ㸪୍ࡘࡢ᪉ྥ࡛྇࠸ࡓᅇᩘࢆᡴᧁᅇᩘ ゝ࠺㸬ᡴᧁᚋ㸪వ┒ࡾศࢆ┤ࢼࣇ࡛㝖ཤࡋ࡚ ౪ヨయ⾲㠃ࢆࢆỈᖹࡋࡓ㸬ྛヨ㦂᮲௳㸦ᮌᵔⴠ ୗ㧗ࡉᡴᧁᅇᩘ㸧࡛㸳ᅇ௨ୖヨ㦂ࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸵࠾ࡼࡧᅗ㸶♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗ㸵ࡣ㸪ᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ᅇࡋ࡚ᮌᵔⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ ኚ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾ㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ ẚࡋ࡚┦ᑐᐦᗘࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ ࡿ㸬ᡴᧁᅇᩘ㸯ᅇ࡛ࡣⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ᭱ FP ࡋ࡚ ࡶᚓࡽࢀࡿ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡣ㧗ࠎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᅗ㸶ࡣ㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ FP ᅛᐃࡋ㸪ᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ኚ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾ㸪ᡴᧁᅇᩘ ࡀከ࠸┦ᑐᐦᗘࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸪ࡉ ࡽ㸪⣙ 㹼ࡢᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢ┦ᑐᐦᗘ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪୧ᅗࡼࡾ㸪ヨ㦂᮲௳ࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪┦ ᑐᐦᗘ㧗࠸⌧ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ⴠୗ㧗 ࡉࡣᮌᵔࡢࡢ㛗ࡉ௨ୖࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᡴᧁᅇ ᩘࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࡞࠸㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ኚࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᡤᐃࡢᐦᗘࡢ౪ヨయࢆ స〇ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬 㸦㸰㸧ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࡛ࡢ⥾ᅛࡵ ணഛᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ヨᩱࢆᒣ┒ࡾࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ᡴᧁ ࡋ࡚㸪వ┒ࡾศࢆ┤ࢼࣇ࡛㝖ཤࡍࡿࡇ࡛౪ヨ యࢆỈᖹࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࡛ࡣࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡣ⏝ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢ῝ࡉࡀ౪ヨయึᮇ㧗ࡉࡼࡾ ῝࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ḟࡢ᪉ἲ࡛⥾ᅛࡵࡓ㸬 ᡤᐃ㔞ࡢヨᩱࢆ⥾ᅛࡵࡓᚋ㸪౪ヨయࡢୖ㠃ࢆỈ ᖹ࡞ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ౪ヨయ⾲㠃㒊ࡑࢀ௨እ࡛ ┦ᑐᐦᗘᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ ౪ヨయࡢୖ㠃ࢆỈᖹಖࡗ࡚⥾ᅛࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ ࡓ㸬༶ࡕ㸪ᅗ㸷♧ࡍࡼ࠺㸪✵୰ⴠୗᚋୖ㠃ࢆ Ỉ ᖹ ࡞ ࡽ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡁ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ୖ ᢲ ࡉ ࠼ ᯈ 㸦 ⣙ 500g㸧ࢆ㍕ࡏ㸪ୖ㠃ࢆỈᖹಖࡗࡓࡲࡲ⥾ᅛࡵࢆ 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 㻝㻞 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 ᅄ᪉୍ ᅇᡴᧁᅇᩘ㻝ᅇ ᅗ㸵 ᡴᧁᅇᩘ୍ᐃ⥾ᅛࡵヨ㦂 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 㻡 㻝㻜 㻝㻡 㻞㻜 㻞㻡 㻟㻜 ᡴᧁᅇᩘ ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻩㻠㻔㼏㼙㻕 ᅗ㸶 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ୍ᐃ⥾ᅛࡵヨ㦂 67
ࡌ࡛㸪ヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸳♧ࡍ㸬࡞࠾㸪ᅗࢆぢࡸࡍ ࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵྠࡌⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶཱྀᚄࡈ ᶓ㍈ࡢ⨨ࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ྛⴠୗ㧗ࡉ࠾࠸࡚㸪 ཱྀᚄࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࢆㄆ ࡵࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬ࡋࡋ㸪ྠࡌ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪 ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡶࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡽཱྀᚄࡼࡿ ᙳ㡪ࢆ᫂☜⤖ㄽࡍࡿࡇࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸬 㸰㸱✵୰ⴠୗᡴᧁࡼࡿ⥾ᅛࡵ 㸦㸯㸧ணഛᐇ㦂 ᮌᵔࢆ⏝࠸࡚⥾ᅛࡵࡿሙྜ㸪ᚑ᮶⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ ࠺ᡭ࡛྇ࡃ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣ౪ヨయࡢ⌧ᛶஈࡋ࠸㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪୍ᐃࡢᡴᧁຊࢆ࠼ࡿ᪉ἲࡋ࡚ࡢ➃ ࢆᨭⅬࡋ࡚⮬⏤ࡾୗࢁࡋ࡚⥾ᅛࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ ᪂ࡓ⪃ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓᡤᐃࡢᐦᗘ ࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢᐦᗘࡢㄪᩚࡀྍ ⬟ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬 ᅗ㸴♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞⨨࡛ⴠୗ㧗ࡉᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ኚ࠼࡚ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ᐜჾࡣ◁ࡢ࣭᭱᭱ᑠᐦᗘ ヨ㦂⏝ࡢ࣮ࣔࣝࢻ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ヨᩱ ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ H ᮌᵔ ㉁㔞 ⣙ 210(g) 24.0(cm) 30.0(cm) ᅛᐃᯈ ᅗ㸴 ᮌᵔࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⥾ᅛࡵ⨨ ࡲࡎ㸪ᆅ┙ᕤᏛᇶ‽>@ࡢ⦆ワࡵ౪ヨయస〇᪉ ἲ㡰ࡌ࡚✵୰ⴠୗࡉࡏࡓ㸬ḟ㸪ヨᩱࢆᒣ┒ࡾ ࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ᮌᵔࢆⴠୗࡉࡏ࡚࣮ࣔࣝࢻࢆᡴᧁࡍ ࡿ㸬ᡴᧁ᪉ྥࢆ ᗘࡎࡘኚ࠼࡚ィ ᪉ྥࡽᡴᧁ ࡋࡓ㸬௨ୗ㸪୍ࡘࡢ᪉ྥ࡛྇࠸ࡓᅇᩘࢆᡴᧁᅇᩘ ゝ࠺㸬ᡴᧁᚋ㸪వ┒ࡾศࢆ┤ࢼࣇ࡛㝖ཤࡋ࡚ ౪ヨయ⾲㠃ࢆࢆỈᖹࡋࡓ㸬ྛヨ㦂᮲௳㸦ᮌᵔⴠ ୗ㧗ࡉᡴᧁᅇᩘ㸧࡛㸳ᅇ௨ୖヨ㦂ࡋࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ㸵࠾ࡼࡧᅗ㸶♧ࡍ㸬 ᅗ㸵ࡣ㸪ᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ᅇࡋ࡚ᮌᵔⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ ኚ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾ㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ ẚࡋ࡚┦ᑐᐦᗘࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࢃ ࡿ㸬ᡴᧁᅇᩘ㸯ᅇ࡛ࡣⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ᭱ FP ࡋ࡚ ࡶᚓࡽࢀࡿ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡣ㧗ࠎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ᅗ㸶ࡣ㸪ⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ FP ᅛᐃࡋ㸪ᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ኚ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢᅗࡼࡾ㸪ᡴᧁᅇᩘ ࡀከ࠸┦ᑐᐦᗘࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ㸪ࡉ ࡽ㸪⣙ 㹼ࡢᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢ┦ᑐᐦᗘ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡀࢃࡿ㸬 ࡲࡓ㸪୧ᅗࡼࡾ㸪ヨ㦂᮲௳ࡀྠࡌ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪┦ ᑐᐦᗘ㧗࠸⌧ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ⴠୗ㧗 ࡉࡣᮌᵔࡢࡢ㛗ࡉ௨ୖࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᡴᧁᅇ ᩘࡣ㝈⏺ࡀ࡞࠸㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆ ኚࡉࡏࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᡤᐃࡢᐦᗘࡢ౪ヨయࢆ స〇ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓ㸬 㸦㸰㸧ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࡛ࡢ⥾ᅛࡵ ணഛᐇ㦂࡛ࡣ㸪ヨᩱࢆᒣ┒ࡾࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ᡴᧁ ࡋ࡚㸪వ┒ࡾศࢆ┤ࢼࣇ࡛㝖ཤࡍࡿࡇ࡛౪ヨ యࢆỈᖹࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࡛ࡣࡑࡢ᪉ἲࡣ⏝ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸㸬ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢ῝ࡉࡀ౪ヨయึᮇ㧗ࡉࡼࡾ ῝࠸ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ḟࡢ᪉ἲ࡛⥾ᅛࡵࡓ㸬 ᡤᐃ㔞ࡢヨᩱࢆ⥾ᅛࡵࡓᚋ㸪౪ヨయࡢୖ㠃ࢆỈ ᖹ࡞ࡽࡋࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ౪ヨయ⾲㠃㒊ࡑࢀ௨እ࡛ ┦ᑐᐦᗘᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ࡼࡗ࡚ ౪ヨయࡢୖ㠃ࢆỈᖹಖࡗ࡚⥾ᅛࡵࡿ᪉ἲࢆ⪃࠼ ࡓ㸬༶ࡕ㸪ᅗ㸷♧ࡍࡼ࠺㸪✵୰ⴠୗᚋୖ㠃ࢆ Ỉ ᖹ ࡞ ࡽ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡁ 㸪 ࡑ ࡢ ୖ ᢲ ࡉ ࠼ ᯈ 㸦 ⣙ 500g㸧ࢆ㍕ࡏ㸪ୖ㠃ࢆỈᖹಖࡗࡓࡲࡲ⥾ᅛࡵࢆ 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 㻞 㻠 㻢 㻤 㻝㻜 㻝㻞 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻌㻔㼏㼙㻕 ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 ᅄ᪉୍ ᅇᡴᧁᅇᩘ㻝ᅇ ᅗ㸵 ᡴᧁᅇᩘ୍ᐃ⥾ᅛࡵヨ㦂 㻜 㻞㻜 㻠㻜 㻢㻜 㻤㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻜 㻡 㻝㻜 㻝㻡 㻞㻜 㻞㻡 㻟㻜 ᡴᧁᅇᩘ ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘ㻰㼞㻌㻔㻑 㻕 ⴠୗ㧗䛥㻴㻩㻠㻔㼏㼙㻕 ᅗ㸶 ⴠୗ㧗ࡉ୍ᐃ⥾ᅛࡵヨ㦂 ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ୖ㠃ࢆ࡞ࡽࡍࡢ㸪ᢲࡉ࠼ᯈࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㐣⛬࡛ヨᩱࡀ⥾ᅛࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡁࡢ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡣ㧗ࠎ15~20%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᅛ ᐃ ᯈ ᢲࡉ࠼ᯈ ᅗ㸷 ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࡛ࡢ⥾ᅛࡵ᪉ἲ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍ㸬⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ ᅗࡢࡼ࠺⦆ワࡵࡽᐦワࡵࡢᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘࡢ౪ヨయࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ྠࡌᡴᧁᅇᩘ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢኚືࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛㸪౪ヨయస〇ࡀ㧗࠸⌧ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚⾜࠼ࡿ㸬ࡼ ࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸬ḟ❶࡛♧ ࡍࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛స〇ࡋࡓ౪ヨ యᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 10 20 30 40 ᡴᧁᅇᩘ ┦ᑐ ᐦᗘ D r (%) H=4cm ᅗ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⥾ᅛࡵ 㸱㸬୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࡢ᧯సᡭ㡰ࡢᙳ㡪 㸱㸯ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ᅛᐃᡭ㡰 ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂⏝ࡋࡓ⨨ࡣୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ᅛ ᐃ㸪ୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ྍືࢱࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ ࡏࢇ᩿ ⟽ࡢᵓ㐀స⏝Ⲵ㔜ࢆᶍᘧⓗ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡏࢇ᩿୰ ࡣୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡀᅛᐃ⏝ຊᯈᅛᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ᅽᐦ㐣⛬ࡢ๓ᅛᐃࡍࡿᅽᐦᚋ ᅛᐃࡍࡿ㸪㏻ࡾࡢ᪉ἲࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୧᪉ ἲ࡛ᅛᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡢ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ D ࠾ࡼࡧ E ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ D ࡣᅽᐦ㐣 ⛬ࡢ๓ୖ⟽ࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓሙྜ㸪 E ࡣᅛᐃࡋ࡞࠸ሙ ྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ୰㸪ȪMࡣຍᅽᯈഃ㸪ȪF ࡣຊᯈഃ ࡢᆶ┤ᛂຊ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㼠䚷㻔㼟㻕 䃢䚷㻔㼗㻼 㼍㻕 䃢㻹 䃢㻲 D ᅛᐃ 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㼠䚷㻔㼟㻕 䃢䚷㻔㼗㻼㼍㻕 䃢㻹䃢㻲 E 㠀ᅛᐃ ᅗ ᅽᐦ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿୖ⟽ᅛᐃࡢᙳ㡪 ୧ᅗࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪ᅽᐦ㐣⛬ධࡿ๓ୖ⟽ࢆ ᅛᐃࡍࡿ㸪ıM ıFࡢᕪࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ᅽᐦⲴ㔜 㸦ຍᅽ∧ഃࡢᆶ┤Ⲵ㔜㸧ࢆస⏝ࡉࡏࡿ౪ヨయ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࿘㠃ࡢᦶ᧿ࡼࡗ࡚㸪స⏝Ⲵ㔜ࡢ୍㒊 ࡀᅛᐃ⏝ຊᯈࡀཷࡅᣢࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㸪ຊᯈഃࡢᆶ┤Ⲵ㔜ࡀ స⏝Ⲵ㔜ࡼࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡇࡼࡾ㸪ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢᅛᐃࡣᅽᐦ㐣⛬ ⤊ᚋ⾜࠺࠺ࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬 ୖ⟽ ୗ⟽ ຊᯈഃⲴ㔜㸦ィ ್㸧 ୖ⟽ᅛᐃ⏝ຊᯈ ຍᅽᯈഃⲴ㔜 ᅗ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢᵓ㐀స⏝Ⲵ㔜
ΎỈṇ႐࣭ྂ⃝♸㸸◁ࡢ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾ࡅࡿ౪ヨయస〇ヨ㦂ᡭ㡰㛵ࡍࡿ⪃ᐹ ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬࡞࠾㸪ୖ㠃ࢆ࡞ࡽࡍࡢ㸪ᢲࡉ࠼ᯈࢆ⏝ ࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㐣⛬࡛ヨᩱࡀ⥾ᅛࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࡁࡢ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡣ㧗ࠎ15~20%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬 ᅛ ᐃ ᯈ ᢲࡉ࠼ᯈ ᅗ㸷 ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࡛ࡢ⥾ᅛࡵ᪉ἲ ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡼࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ ♧ࡍ㸬⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ ᅗࡢࡼ࠺⦆ワࡵࡽᐦワࡵࡢᗈ࠸⠊ᅖࡢ┦ᑐᐦ ᗘࡢ౪ヨయࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀࢃࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪 ྠࡌᡴᧁᅇᩘ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ┦ᑐᐦᗘࡢኚືࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡢ ࡛㸪౪ヨయస〇ࡀ㧗࠸⌧ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚⾜࠼ࡿ㸬ࡼ ࡗ࡚ࡇࡢ᪉ἲࡣ᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿุ᩿ࡋࡓ㸬ḟ❶࡛♧ ࡍࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᪉ἲ࡛స〇ࡋࡓ౪ヨ యᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 0 20 40 60 80 100 0 10 20 30 40 ᡴᧁᅇᩘ ┦ᑐ ᐦᗘ D r (%) H=4cm ᅗ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⥾ᅛࡵ 㸱㸬୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࡢ᧯సᡭ㡰ࡢᙳ㡪 㸱㸯ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ᅛᐃᡭ㡰 ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂⏝ࡋࡓ⨨ࡣୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ᅛ ᐃ㸪ୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ྍືࢱࣉ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ ࡏࢇ᩿ ⟽ࡢᵓ㐀స⏝Ⲵ㔜ࢆᶍᘧⓗ♧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡏࢇ᩿୰ ࡣୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡀᅛᐃ⏝ຊᯈᅛᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞ࡅ ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ᅽᐦ㐣⛬ࡢ๓ᅛᐃࡍࡿᅽᐦᚋ ᅛᐃࡍࡿ㸪㏻ࡾࡢ᪉ἲࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬୧᪉ ἲ࡛ᅛᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡢ⤖ᯝࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ D ࠾ࡼࡧ E ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ D ࡣᅽᐦ㐣 ⛬ࡢ๓ୖ⟽ࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓሙྜ㸪 E ࡣᅛᐃࡋ࡞࠸ሙ ྜ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᅗ୰㸪ȪMࡣຍᅽᯈഃ㸪ȪF ࡣຊᯈഃ ࡢᆶ┤ᛂຊ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㼠䚷㻔㼟㻕 䃢䚷㻔㼗㻼 㼍㻕 䃢㻹 䃢㻲 D ᅛᐃ 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㼠䚷㻔㼟㻕 䃢䚷㻔㼗㻼㼍㻕 䃢㻹䃢㻲 E 㠀ᅛᐃ ᅗ ᅽᐦ㐣⛬࠾ࡅࡿୖ⟽ᅛᐃࡢᙳ㡪 ୧ᅗࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸪ᅽᐦ㐣⛬ධࡿ๓ୖ⟽ࢆ ᅛᐃࡍࡿ㸪ıM ıFࡢᕪࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᅛᐃࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛ᅽᐦⲴ㔜 㸦ຍᅽ∧ഃࡢᆶ┤Ⲵ㔜㸧ࢆస⏝ࡉࡏࡿ౪ヨయ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽࿘㠃ࡢᦶ᧿ࡼࡗ࡚㸪స⏝Ⲵ㔜ࡢ୍㒊 ࡀᅛᐃ⏝ຊᯈࡀཷࡅᣢࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬⤖ᯝࡋ࡚㸪ຊᯈഃࡢᆶ┤Ⲵ㔜ࡀ స⏝Ⲵ㔜ࡼࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡇࡼࡾ㸪ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢᅛᐃࡣᅽᐦ㐣⛬ ⤊ᚋ⾜࠺࠺ࡀዲࡲࡋ࠸ゝ࠼ࡿ㸬 ୖ⟽ ୗ⟽ ຊᯈഃⲴ㔜㸦ィ ್㸧 ୖ⟽ᅛᐃ⏝ຊᯈ ຍᅽᯈഃⲴ㔜 ᅗ ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢᵓ㐀స⏝Ⲵ㔜 㫽ྲྀᏛᏛ㝔ᕤᏛ◊✲⛉㸭ᕤᏛ㒊◊✲ሗ࿌➨㸱㸷ྕ 㸱㸰㝽㛫タᐃ᧯సࡢᙳ㡪 ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢ㝽㛫ࡣ㸪ᅽᐦ㐣⛬⤊ ᚋ㝽㛫タᐃࢿࢪ࡛ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆࡿࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚タᐃࡍࡿ㸬౪ヨయ࿘㠃ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ෆ࿘ 㠃ࡢ㛫ᦶ᧿ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛౪ヨయࡣୖྥࡁࡢຊ ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᧯సࡀᆶ┤ᛂຊ࠼ ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅽ ᐦࡽ㸦㝽㛫タᐃ࠾ࡼࡧ㸧ࡏࢇ᩿⮳ࡿ㐣⛬࡛ᆶ ┤Ⲵ㔜ࢆ㐃⥆ⓗィ ࡋࡓ㸬ᐦワࡵࡢ౪ヨయࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋࡓ㸬 ᅽᐦ㐣⛬๓ୖ⟽ࡣᅛᐃࡏࡎ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿㐣⛬┤๓ ᅛᐃࡋࡓ㸬༶ࡕ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㝽㛫タ ᐃᚋ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣᅽᐦ┤ᚋᅛᐃ ࡋࡓ㸬㝽㛫ࢆタࡅࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿୰㝽㛫ࡀಖ ࡓࢀࡿࡼ࠺ሀᅛᅛᐃࡋࡓࡀ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタࡅ࡞࠸ ሙྜࡣ㸪ᅛᐃࡼࡗ࡚ୖ⟽ࡀୗ⟽ࢆ㐣ᗘᢲࡉ ࠼ࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ୖ⟽ᅛᐃࡡࡌࢆ㐺ᗘ ⥾ࡵࡅࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ D E ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪IJ ࡣࡏࢇ᩿ᛂ ຊ㸪d ࡣᆶ┤ኚ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᆶ┤ኚࡣṇࡢ್ࡀ౪ヨ యࡢ⦰ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬 ᮏࡢ⦪⥺ࡢ㛫ࡀ㝽㛫タᐃ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸬 ᅗ D ࡼࡾ㸪㝽㛫タᐃࡢึᮇ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᆶ┤ኚ d ࡀࡰ▐ࢃࡎቑຍ㸦౪ヨయᅽ⦰㸧ࡋ㸪 ࡸࡸ㐜ࢀ࡚ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ıF ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡍࡿ๓㸪ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽⥾⤖⏝ࡢࢿࢪ 㸦㸲ᮏ㸧ࢆࡣࡎࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ᧯స ࡼࡗ࡚ d ኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸦㝽㛫ࢆタ ࡅ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ d ྠᵝࡢኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ㸬ᅗ E ཧ ↷㸧㸬୍᪉㸪ıFࡢῶᑡࡣୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆࡿ ࠸࠺㝽㛫タᐃࡢ᧯సࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタࡅ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ ıFࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ E ཧ↷㸧㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ࡀపୗࡍࡿ㸪ıF ࡀᅽᐦࡏࢇ᩿㛤ጞ࡛␗ ࡞ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ıF୍ᐃࡢᐃᅽࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ ࡁὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ḟࡏࢇ᩿㐣⛬࡛ࡢ ıFࡢᣲືࡘ࠸࡚ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬 ୍⯡㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿ㸪౪ヨయࡀ ⭾ᙇࡍࡿ౪ヨయࡣ࿘㠃ᦶ᧿㉳ᅉࡍࡿୗྥࡁ ࡢຊࡀാ࠸࡚㸪⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊࡀቑ ຍࡍࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋࡓヨ㦂࡛ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ D 㸧㸬࡞࠾㸪య✚⭾ᙇ ࡼࡗ࡚ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡶୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡶୖྥࡁࡢຊࢆ ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡀୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽స⏝ࡍࡿୖྥࡁ ࡢຊࡣᅛᐃᯈࡀཷࡅᣢࡘ㸬ୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ാࡃୖྥ ࡁࡢຊࡣ౪ヨయാࡃୗྥࡁࡢᦶ᧿ຊ┦ẅࡉࢀ ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸦ᅗ E 㸧㸪ඛゐ ࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿๓㸪ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽⥾⤖⏝ࡢࢿࢪ ࢆ⦆ࡵࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚ d ࡀࢃࡎቑຍࡋࡓࡀ ıF ࡣࡁࡃῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ḟ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿㛤ጞ ࡶᛴ⃭ d ࡀῶᑡ㸦య✚⭾ᙇ㸧ࡋ࡚ ıFࡣᛴ⃭ ῶᑡࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪య✚⭾ᙇࡼࡗ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ෆ ࿘㠃ୖྥࡁࡢຊࡀാ࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ୗ⟽ാ ࠸ࡓୖྥࡁࡢຊࡶ㸦ᜍࡽࡃࡑࡢ㒊ศࡀ㸧ᅛᐃᯈ ࡼࡗ࡚ཷࡅᣢࡓࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣୖ⟽ࡢᅛᐃᗘࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㝽㛫↓ࡋࡢሙྜୖ⟽ࡢᅛᐃࢆ⦆ࡃ ࡋࡓඛ㏙ࡓࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾୖୗ᪉ྥᅛᐃࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ᚋࡉࡽ᳨ウ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 㝽㛫タᐃ 㻙㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 䡐䚷㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 䃣㻘䃢 䚷 㻔㼗㻼㼍 㻕 㻙㻞㻚㻡 㻙㻞 㻙㻝㻚㻡 㻙㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻡 㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕 䃢㻹 䃢㻲 䃣 㼐 D 㝽㛫࠶ࡾ 㝽㛫タᐃ䛻䛒䛯䜛㒊ศ 㻙㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㼠㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 䃢㻘䃣 䚷 㻔㼗㻼㼍 㻕 㻙㻞㻚㻡 㻙㻞 㻙㻝㻚㻡 㻙㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻡 㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕 䃢㻹 䃢㻲 䃣 㼐 E 㝽㛫↓ࡋ ᅗ 㝽㛫タᐃࡢᙳ㡪 69
㸱㸰㝽㛫タᐃ᧯సࡢᙳ㡪 ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡢ㝽㛫ࡣ㸪ᅽᐦ㐣⛬⤊ ᚋ㝽㛫タᐃࢿࢪ࡛ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆࡿࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚タᐃࡍࡿ㸬౪ヨయ࿘㠃ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ෆ࿘ 㠃ࡢ㛫ᦶ᧿ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛౪ヨయࡣୖྥࡁࡢຊ ࢆ࠼ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ᧯సࡀᆶ┤ᛂຊ࠼ ࡿᙳ㡪ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅽ ᐦࡽ㸦㝽㛫タᐃ࠾ࡼࡧ㸧ࡏࢇ᩿⮳ࡿ㐣⛬࡛ᆶ ┤Ⲵ㔜ࢆ㐃⥆ⓗィ ࡋࡓ㸬ᐦワࡵࡢ౪ヨయࢆᑐ ㇟ࡋࡓ㸬 ᅽᐦ㐣⛬๓ୖ⟽ࡣᅛᐃࡏࡎ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿㐣⛬┤๓ ᅛᐃࡋࡓ㸬༶ࡕ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋࡓሙྜࡣ㝽㛫タ ᐃᚋ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣᅽᐦ┤ᚋᅛᐃ ࡋࡓ㸬㝽㛫ࢆタࡅࡓሙྜࡣ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿୰㝽㛫ࡀಖ ࡓࢀࡿࡼ࠺ሀᅛᅛᐃࡋࡓࡀ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタࡅ࡞࠸ ሙྜࡣ㸪ᅛᐃࡼࡗ࡚ୖ⟽ࡀୗ⟽ࢆ㐣ᗘᢲࡉ ࠼ࡘࡅࡿࡇࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ୖ⟽ᅛᐃࡡࡌࢆ㐺ᗘ ⥾ࡵࡅࡓ㸬 ⤖ᯝࢆᅗ D E ♧ࡍ㸬ᅗ୰㸪IJ ࡣࡏࢇ᩿ᛂ ຊ㸪d ࡣᆶ┤ኚ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᆶ┤ኚࡣṇࡢ್ࡀ౪ヨ యࡢ⦰ࢆ⾲ࡍ㸬 ᮏࡢ⦪⥺ࡢ㛫ࡀ㝽㛫タᐃ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸬 ᅗ D ࡼࡾ㸪㝽㛫タᐃࡢึᮇ࠾࠸࡚㸪ᆶ┤ኚ d ࡀࡰ▐ࢃࡎቑຍ㸦౪ヨయᅽ⦰㸧ࡋ㸪 ࡸࡸ㐜ࢀ࡚ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ıF ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡍࡿ๓㸪ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽⥾⤖⏝ࡢࢿࢪ 㸦㸲ᮏ㸧ࢆࡣࡎࡉ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ᧯స ࡼࡗ࡚ d ኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸦㝽㛫ࢆタ ࡅ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ d ྠᵝࡢኚࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ㸬ᅗ E ཧ ↷㸧㸬୍᪉㸪ıFࡢῶᑡࡣୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᣢࡕୖࡆࡿ ࠸࠺㝽㛫タᐃࡢ᧯సࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタࡅ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ ıFࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡽ ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ E ཧ↷㸧㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ࡀపୗࡍࡿ㸪ıF ࡀᅽᐦࡏࢇ᩿㛤ጞ࡛␗ ࡞ࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸬ıF୍ᐃࡢᐃᅽࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺ ࡁὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ḟࡏࢇ᩿㐣⛬࡛ࡢ ıFࡢᣲືࡘ࠸࡚ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㸬 ୍⯡㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿ㸪౪ヨయࡀ ⭾ᙇࡍࡿ౪ヨయࡣ࿘㠃ᦶ᧿㉳ᅉࡍࡿୗྥࡁ ࡢຊࡀാ࠸࡚㸪⤖ᯝࡋ࡚ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊࡀቑ ຍࡍࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋࡓヨ㦂࡛ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ᣲືࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅗ D 㸧㸬࡞࠾㸪య✚⭾ᙇ ࡼࡗ࡚ୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡶୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࡶୖྥࡁࡢຊࢆ ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡞ࡿࡀୖࡏࢇ᩿⟽స⏝ࡍࡿୖྥࡁ ࡢຊࡣᅛᐃᯈࡀཷࡅᣢࡘ㸬ୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽ാࡃୖྥ ࡁࡢຊࡣ౪ヨయാࡃୗྥࡁࡢᦶ᧿ຊ┦ẅࡉࢀ ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸦ᅗ E 㸧㸪ඛゐ ࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿๓㸪ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽⥾⤖⏝ࡢࢿࢪ ࢆ⦆ࡵࡓࡇࡼࡗ࡚ d ࡀࢃࡎቑຍࡋࡓࡀ ıF ࡣࡁࡃῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ḟ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿㛤ጞ ࡶᛴ⃭ d ࡀῶᑡ㸦య✚⭾ᙇ㸧ࡋ࡚ ıFࡣᛴ⃭ ῶᑡࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪య✚⭾ᙇࡼࡗ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿⟽ෆ ࿘㠃ୖྥࡁࡢຊࡀാ࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ୗ⟽ാ ࠸ࡓୖྥࡁࡢຊࡶ㸦ᜍࡽࡃࡑࡢ㒊ศࡀ㸧ᅛᐃᯈ ࡼࡗ࡚ཷࡅᣢࡓࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀࡘ࠸࡚ࡣୖ⟽ࡢᅛᐃᗘࡶᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸬㝽㛫↓ࡋࡢሙྜୖ⟽ࡢᅛᐃࢆ⦆ࡃ ࡋࡓඛ㏙ࡓࡀ㸪ࡸࡣࡾୖୗ᪉ྥᅛᐃࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬ᚋࡉࡽ᳨ウ ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 㝽㛫タᐃ 㻙㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 䡐䚷㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 䃣㻘䃢 䚷 㻔㼗㻼㼍 㻕 㻙㻞㻚㻡 㻙㻞 㻙㻝㻚㻡 㻙㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻡 㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕 䃢㻹 䃢㻲 䃣 㼐 D 㝽㛫࠶ࡾ 㝽㛫タᐃ䛻䛒䛯䜛㒊ศ 㻙㻡㻜 㻜 㻡㻜 㻝㻜㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻞㻜㻜 㻞㻡㻜 㻜 㻝㻜 㻞㻜 㻟㻜 㻠㻜 㻡㻜 㻢㻜 㼠㻌㻔㼙㼕㼚㻕 䃢㻘䃣 䚷 㻔㼗㻼㼍 㻕 㻙㻞㻚㻡 㻙㻞 㻙㻝㻚㻡 㻙㻝 㻙㻜㻚㻡 㻜 㻜㻚㻡 㼐㻔㼙㼙㻕 䃢㻹 䃢㻲 䃣 㼐 E 㝽㛫↓ࡋ ᅗ 㝽㛫タᐃࡢᙳ㡪 㸱㸱ᙉᗘᐃᩘᑐࡍࡿ㝽㛫タᐃࡢᙳ㡪 ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽㛫㝽㛫ࢆタࡅࡓሙྜタࡅ࡞࠸ ሙྜ࡛ࡏࢇ᩿ᢠゅࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ㸬⦆ワࡵᐦワࡵ ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ౪ヨయᑐࡋ࡚ຍᅽᯈഃᐃᅽヨ㦂ࢆ ᐇࡋࡓ㸬ࡏࢇ᩿ᢠゅIdࡣࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊ᭱ࡢ ࡏࢇ᩿ᛂຊᆶ┤ᛂຊࡢẚࡽồࡵࡓ㸬ᆶ┤ᛂຊ ࡋ࡚ຍᅽᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ıMຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ıF ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓ㸬⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯♧ࡍ㸬 ⦆ワࡵࡢሙྜ㸪ıM࡛ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㝽㛫ࢆタࡅࡓ᪉ ࡀIdࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ıF ࡛ᩚ⌮ࡍࡿ㝽㛫ࡢ᭷↓ ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀࢇ⏕ࡌ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ᐦワࡵࡢሙྜ㸪ıM࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡶ ıF࡛ᩚ⌮ࡋ࡚ࡶ Idࡣ㝽㛫ࢆタࡅࡓ᪉ࡀࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬 ௨ୖࡢࡇࡼࡾ㸪㝽㛫ࢆタᐃࡋ࡞࠸ୖୗࡏࢇ ᩿⟽㛫ᦶ᧿ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿ᢠゅࢆࡁࡃ᥎ ᐃࡍࡿ㸪Ᏻ᫆⪃࠼ࡿࡇࡀጇᙜ࡛࡞࠸ࡇࡀ ࢃࡿ㸬 ࡞࠾㸪ຊᯈഃᐃᅽヨ㦂ࡸᐃయ✚ヨ㦂࡞㸪 ࡢヨ㦂᪉ἲ࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࠺ࡣ ⌧Ⅼ࡛ࡣ࡛᫂࠶ࡿ㸬 㸲㸬⤖ㄽ ᮏ◊✲࡛⪃ࡋࡓ◁౪ヨయస〇᪉ἲࡼࢀࡤ㸪 ᮌᵔⴠୗ㧗ࡉࢆ୍ᐃࡋ࡚ᡴᧁᅇᩘࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ ࡼࡗ࡚⦆ワࡵࡽᐦワࡵ⮳ࡿ౪ヨయࢆ㧗࠸ ⌧ᛶࢆࡶࡗ࡚స〇ࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸬 ୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂࠾࠸࡚㸪 ୖୗࡏࢇ᩿⟽㛫ࡢ㝽㛫ࡣᅽᐦ㐣⛬⤊ᚋタࡅ ࡓ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタࡅࡿ᧯సࡼࡗ࡚㸪ຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊ ࡀኚࡍࡿ㸬ࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡏࢇ᩿㛤ጞ㸪ຍᅽᯈ ഃᆶ┤ᛂຊຊᯈഃᆶ┤ᛂຊࡀ␗࡞ࡿ㸬 㝽㛫ࢆタࡅ࡞࠸࡛ࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿࡏࢇ᩿⟽ࢆᅛᐃ ࡍࡿࡇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡇࡀᅔ㞴࡞ࡿ㸬 ⥲ྜⓗุ᩿ࡍࡿ㸪ᆶ┤ᛂຊࡢኚࢆ ᐃࡋ ࡘࡘ㝽㛫ࢆタࡅ࡚ࡏࢇ᩿ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸㸬 ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ୍㒊ࡣ➨ⴭ⪅ࡢᅵᮌᕤᏛ⛉༞ᴗ◊✲ ࡋ࡚ᐇࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡈᣦᑟࢆ㈷ࡗࡓᅵᮌᕤᏛㅮᗙ ᴮ᫂₩ᩍᤵ㸪ᢏ⾡㒊ᒾᡂᩗẶㅰពࢆ⾲ࡍࡿ㸬 ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
>@Shimizu, M. and Yamamoto, D.: Shear Strength and Suction Behavior of an Undisturbed Volcanic Soil, Proc. of the 13th Asian Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 141-144, Kolkata, India, 2007. >@ΎỈṇ႐㸪ᒣᮏ㍜㸪◶ ༤๎㸸ᐃᅽ୍㠃ࡏࢇ ᩿ヨ㦂ᇶ࡙ࡃ◁ࡢᙉᗘ≉ᛶ㸪ᆅ┙ᕤᏛ୰ᅜ ᨭ㒊ㄽᩥሗ࿌㞟㸪ᆅ┙ᘓタ㸪9RO㸪1R㸪 SS 㸪 >@ΎỈṇ႐㸪ྂ⃝♸㸸୍㠃ࡏࢇ᩿ヨ㦂ࡼࡿ◁ ࡢᙉᗘ≉ᛶ㸫࿘㠃ᦶ᧿ࡢᙳ㡪㸫㸪ᅵᮌᏛ୰ᅜ ᨭ㒊◊✲Ⓨ⾲Ⓨ⾲ᴫせ㞟㸪Ϫ㸪 >@ᆅ┙ᕤᏛ㸸ࠕᅵ㉁ヨ㦂ࡢ᪉ἲゎㄝ㸫➨୍ᅇ ᨵᐃ∧㸫ࠖ㸪SS㸪㸬 㸦ᖹᡂ ᖺ ᭶ ᪥ཷ⌮㸧 ⾲㸯 ヨ㦂᮲௳ูࡢࡏࢇ᩿ᢠゅ ヨ㦂᮲௳ ⦆ワࡵ ᐦワࡵ ıM ıF ıM ıF 㝽㛫᭷ q q q q 㝽㛫↓ q q q q
