The Effect ofJapanese Export Promotion Systems,1950〜1970
Tai Teramura
1.lntroduction
Thisarticlewillelucidatetotheextentpossiblein what way and to what degreeeachexportpromotionpolicymeasureinJapanprovedeffectivein
thelightofitspolicyobjective.
TobeglnWith,thereisnotnecessarilyanestablishedopinionregardingthe
effects ofJapan sindustrialpolicy or export promotion policy measures
onthenation,seconomicgrowth orexportexpansion・Forinstance,While
ChalmersJohnsonin his MITI and theJapanese Miracle 1applauds
Japan Spoliciesincludingherdoubletierbankingsystem,fiscalinvestment
andadvance,eXpOrtprOmOtionmeasures,fiercecompetitionamongdiffer−
entlines of banks,COmprehensive regulation of forelgn CurrenCy and the preferentialtaxsystemforbusinessesfor whichJapan wasreferred to as
businessman sparadise ,forhavlnghadtheeffectsofgreatlycontributing
to her post−War high growth ,ToshimasaTsurutacontends that Japan
owesherhighgrowth,SOphisticationofindustrialstructureandstrength−
enlngOfexport competitiveness realizedin the1960slargely to the prlCe mechanism which functioned almost satisfactorily and to the voluntary choiceofbusinessesandtheiradaptivecapacity rather than herindustrial
policy 2andthatgovernmentinterventionoftenhadtheadverseeffect of
impalrlngprOperfunctionlngOfthemarketmechanism・
Thema]OrreaSOnforthisgreatdifferenceinevaluationliesinthedifficulty
toquantitativelymeasuretheeffectsofaneconomic policy・For example,
assumlngthata policy hadtheeffectofexpandingexports of a certain product,itispossible to quantify howmuchitsexternalcompetitiveness has been enhancedin terms of prlCe aSpeCt,butit would be difficult to isolateand quantify the effectifit weresuch factor asimprovement of porductquality(forinstancebyimprovementoftheexportproductinspec−
tionsystem).Another reasonis the diverse policies for exploitation of overseasmarketsbeingdeployed,OneOntOpOftheother,SuChasimprovlng theinformationcollectionsystemandstrengthenlng the trading firms,SO
thattheireffectsalsooverlap.AIso,althoughtheindustrydeslgnatedasa
prlOrityindustry by governmentintervention may enJOy eXpanSionary effect,SuChapolicyusuallyhasanegativeeffectonthegrowthof nonpr1−
0rityindustriesbecausethey are not allocatedthe resources whichshould have been allocated to them,anditis extremely difficult to measure whetherthebalanceofthoseopposlng effectsimplies positive or negative
functionofthepolicytowardexportexpansionandeconomicgrowth.What
ismore,iftheeconomylSaClosedone,reSOurCeallocationaccordingtothe marketmechanismmaytheoreticallybeconsideredoptimal;butthereality
isthatresourceallocationwhich ought to beimplemented domestically
isregulatedbyactualconditions of competingindustries existing abroad,
anditis not necessarily sure that allocating resources according to the marketmechanismwithinonecountryalonewillinfactresultinoptimum
allocation.Carrylngthelogictoextremes,ifacountrylacks anyindustry
withinternationalcompetitiveness,themosteffectivepolicy may presum−
ablybetopreferentiallydevelop anindustry whichis anticipated to have
thehighestvalue−addedandthelargesttrickle−downeffect.
TheanalysISin this paragraphislimitative,but as a first step,data on monetaryvalue,numberofcaseshandled or extent of business expansion,
aswellastheireffectsdiscussedforeachtypeofbusinessor product cate−
gorywillbeanalyzedforeachpolicyitemofthe export promotion policy,
asfaraspossible.Theperiodoftime examinedin this paragraphis from
2(435)
The Effect ofJapanese ExportPromotionSystems,1950〜1970
around1950when export promotion measures began to be consolidated untilaround1970.
2.ExportFinanclng
Asapolicyfinanclngforpromotingexport,theexportbillsystemandthe loanlngSyStempledgedonforelgneXChangebytheBankofJapanandex−
portfinancingbytheExport−ImportBankofJapan(EXIM)areavailable.
Whiletheformertwosystemsmainlyprovideshorttermexportfinanclng,
theschemebytheEXIMBank provideslong term financlng for marine
VeSSels,industrialplantsandthelike.Tableslthrough3showestimated
interestreductioneffectsrespectivelyforeachofthesethreeschemes,While Table4showstheratioofthesumofinterestreductionandtheoutstanding balanceofloansagalnSttheamountofexports・Sinceloansforexportsof marinevesselsaccountedforthelargestshareofloansaccommodatedby
theEXIMBank,Table5showstheratiosofinterestreductiontoprofit
beforetaxforthefourmaJOrShipbuildingcompanies.
TheinterestratesofthesethreefinanclngSChemeswereconsiderablylow.
Loansundertheexportbillfinancingschemewaschangedatlto3%lower andloansundertheforeignexchangeloaningscheme4to5%lower(which
differencedeclinedtothe2%marksince1965)thantheinterestf。r 。ther
loans(ordiscounts)onbond inthecaseoftheBankofJapan.Th。inter。St
ChargedfortheexportfinanclngloansoftheEXIMBankwasalsolower by4to5%Comparedtothedomesticlongtermloaninterestrate。fthe
LongTermCreditBankofJapan.Theschemewhichwasutilizedfrom the VeryStartWaStheexportbillsystem,buttheamountofloans(ordiscounts)
didnotgrowmuch・Instead,loanspledgedonforelgneXChangegrewsince around1960presumablybecausetheinterest rate waslower than other Similarshorttermloans・Thegrowth of export financlng by the EXIM Bank,alongtermfinanclngSCheme,WaSalsoremarkable.Ofcoursethe
amountofJapaneseexportsitselfhadgrownremarkablydurlngthisperiod,
andthiswasaccompaniedbyagrowthintheamountofsuch schematic loansanddiscounts.Areviewoftheratiosofthecombinedtotaloutstanding
balanceofloansanddiscountstototalexportsdurlngeaChyearshowsthat
therateofloanutilizationincreasedyearlyfromaround10%inthelatter halfofthe1950sto36%in1970.
Next,letusseehowmuchinterestwassavedbythoselowinterestbearing loans.As shownin Table4,the totalamount ofinterest reductionis
estimatedtohavebeenaround0.5%tol.0%ofthetotalexportvaluessince 1955,Whichisnotnecessarilylargeasexportsubsidies・However,JuStaS financlngbytheEXIMBankwasconcentratedonexportsofmarinevessels anindustrialplants,theeffectsof thoselowinterest bearlngloans are consideredtohavebeendifferentforeachtypeofindustry・Thus,itwould beunreasonabletodisregardthispointandjudgetheeffectsofthoselow interestbearlngloansmerelyintermsoftheratioofinterestreductionto thetotalamountofexport・Inviewofthis,Table5reviewstheeffectsof
financlngbytheEXIMBankforthefourrepresentativeshipbuildingcom−
paniesofJapanasanexample・Thefiguresareonlyforfiscalyears1965
and1967,buttheTableshowsthattheamountofinterestreductionesti一
matedfromtheoutstandingbalanceofloansextendedtoeachofthecom−
paniesbytheEXIMBankaccountedfor40to65%ofthenetprofitbefore taxoftheeachofthreecompaniesotherthanMitsubishiHeavyIndustries whoseshipbuildingsegmentwasoutweighedby other business segments・
anditisapparentfromthisthattheprofitsofthesethreecompanieswould havebeenapproximatelyhalvedwereitnotforthelowinterest bearlng
loansmadeavailablebytheExport一ImportBankofJapan・AIso,aSShown
laterinTable12,theeffectofinterestreductionasaresult offinanclng
bytheEXIMBankaloneamountedtoaround5%ofmarinevesselexport
valuesincearound1960.Asof1958−1959, Ship prlCeS OfJapan were5to
6%lowercomparedtothoseofWesternrivalcountries 3and since the
lownessofshipprlCeSWaSthemaJOrfactorwhichcausedJapan smarine
vesselexportstoexpand,WemayCOnCludethatlowinterestfinanclnghad
4(433)
TheEffectofJapaneseExportPromotionSystems,1950〜1970
playedabigrolealongwithotherexportpromotionmeasures.
Asabove,itmaybepointedoutthatthesalientfeaturesofJapan,spolicy−
guidedexportfinanclngdurlngthisperiodwere,firstly・aSaneXpOrtSubsidy,
itstotalamountwasnotnecessarilylarge;SeCOndly,aSWitnessedbythe
expansionofexportfinanclngbytheEXIMBank・lowinterestbearlngloans,
WereprOVidedtostrateglCindustriessuchasmarinevessels,rOllingstock andotherplantsonaprioritybasiswhichwereconsideredtohavehadan expansionaryeffectonexportsbyitsactionofmarglnallylowelngthe PrlCeSOfthoseindustries;andthirdly・ithadcomplementedfinanclngOf areasinvoIvinglongcredittermandlargeunitsizeloanswhichweredifficult forprlVatefinanclngduetothesizeoftherequiredfundandrisksinvoIved.
3・ExportPromot.ngTaxationSystem
Therearenegativeviewswithrespecttotheeffectivenessoftheexport promotingtaxationsystemonthegroundsthattheamountofconcession
COrreSpOndstoasubsidyofonlyaround1%ofthetotalamountofexports
asshowninTable6・( ForeignTradeandDirectInvestment byMotoshige
ItoandKazuharuSeino・ IndustrialPolicyofJapan editedbyKomlyaet
al・)・Itmaycertainlybesoclaimedaslongastheamountoftaxconcession iscomparedtothetotalamountofexports,butwhenone considers the factthatthelargestobjectiveforintroduclngthissystemwastostrengthen thetradingfirms,aneXaminationofitseffectbytypeoftradeisconsidered necessary・Thisisbecauseeachofthediverseexportpromotionmeasures hasitsownspecificfieldwhichitintendstoprotectandfosteronaprlOrity basis・anditisnecessarytoclarifywhatsortofeffecteachofthemhas hadonitsrespectivetargetfieldortypeoftrade・Tables7and81istthe dataontheeffectsoftheexportpromotingtaxationsystembytypeof
tradeonlyatacertainpointoftimebetweenMay1959through1SXX).Table
7reviewstheratioofdeductionsresultingfrom theExceptions to Tax
Lawstothetotaljncomeofma]OrCOrpOrationsbytypeoftrade・Thetrades
withahighratioofexportincomedeductionwerefisheries・rubberproduct
manufacturlng,COmmerCe,tranSpOrtationequlpmentmanufacturlng・etC・
Incontrast,preCisioninstrumentandmachinerymanufacturlng・teXtileand metalworkingmaybesaidto have mainly utilized the deductions made availablebyotherexceptionstothetaxlaws・Asthedataofthesetables areinrelationtothetotalincomesofbusinessesincludingdomesticincomes・
theydonotindicatetheweightof exportincome deductions relative to
exportitself・Table8reviews]uStthis・Accordingtothistable,aSfaras
somel00andoddenterprlSeSareCOnCerned,mOrethanhalfoftheirexport
incomes have been deducted,and furthermore,SuCh trades as commerce,
rubberproductmanufacturlng,flourmilling・metalworking,printing,Oil andcoalproductmanufacturlngandmarinetransporthavereceived80to
90%deductions,Whichmeansthatasfarasexportisconcerned,theywere
almosttotallyexemptedfromtaxes・Itisworthyofspecialnotethatpar−
ticularlythetradingfirmswhichprovidedtheoccasionforinduclngthis
systemwerestillen]Oylngpreferentialtreatmentevenatthispointintime・
Accordingly,althoughtheexportpromotingtaxationsysteminJapanhad
littleeffectasasubsidytosubstantiallyreduceexportproductprlCeS,We
canJuStifiablysaythatithadbroughtaboutamaJOreffectinrevamplng
thecorporatestrengthoftradingfirmswhichwasitsinitialobjectiveand,
asthesametime,made a certain contribution to export promotion by favorlngeXpOrtSintermsoftaxes・
4.Exportlnsurance
The exportinsurance system,unlike export subsidies,does not directly affectprlCeSbutcontributestoexportpromotionbyitsindirecteffectof havlngthegovernmenttakeoverallrisksinvoIvedin export・Especially durlngthisparticularperiodwhen development of the nonlifeinsurance systemintheprlVateSeCtOrWaSStillinadequateinJapanandthecondition
6(431)
The Effect ofJapaneseExport PromotionSystems,1950〜1970
wassuchthatevaluationofrisksinvoIvedinexportwasdifficult,theeffects Ofsuchagovernmentinsurancesystemareconsideredtohavebeengreat.
AsseeninTable9theexportinsurancesystemwasgraduallyexpandedand
strengthenedmainly around ordinary exportinsurance,and the amount insuredsteadilygrew・Byfiscal1970,thetotalamountinsured wasmore
thanhalfofallexportvalues・Although morethanhalf maynotquite
accuratebecauseinsurancebegantobesetup at many stages concerned Withexportasthesystemimproved,itisapparentthatthedemand for
thissystemwashighinviewofthefactthattheutilizationofthegeneral
exportinsurance,Whichwasthecoreof this system,greW aS far as to
accountfor20to30%ofexportvalues.
Inordertoavoidduplication・generalexportinsuranceonlywastakenup inTablelOanditscontentsexaminedforchanges.Itsfirstsalientfeature isthatblanketinsurancesonimportantexportproductscarryanoverwhe1−
mlnglylargeweightwhileindividualinsuranceshaveonlyasmallweight.
Secondly・amOngblanketinsurances,theamountofinsuranceespeciallyon marinevesselsgreatlyexceedstheactualexportvalue・Forexportofmarine VeSSelswhicharestronglycharacterizedasmanufacturlngtO Orders,the minimizationofrisks underthisinsuranceisconsideredtohavehadalarge exportexpandingeffect・Theblanketinsuranceonrollingstockisanother Withanalmostsimilarcoveragetothatonships.Theblanketinsurance OnmaChineryand equlpment under a specialcontract with theJapan MachineryExportAssociationisapplicabletoplantexports,butexcluding
Shipsandrollingstockalreadycoveredby blanketinsurances,and when COmparedwiththevalueofplantexportsexcludingtheaforesaidtwoitems,
itscoveragehasbeenhigh50tofX)%sincelSXX).TheexportproceedinsmanCe
Whichcommandsautilizationratenextonlytogeneralexportinsurance COVerSmainlythe riskin collecting bills for plant exports,andif this insuranceiscombined・theexportinsurancesystemduringthesaidperiod
maybeconsideredtohavebeenlargelycharacterizedashavlngbeenapplied
tostrateglCeXpOrtindustriessuchasmarinevessels,rOllingstockand plantswhicharethefieldswheretheamountsinvoIvedarelargeandrisks wererelativelydifficulttoevaluate・Inthissense,thesignificanceofthe existenceofsaidsystemmaybeconsideredtohavebeenfargreaterthan
itsweightinthetotalexportvalue・
5.ExportProductInspectionSystem
Theexportproductinspectionsystemwasestablishedinl別8asthe Export
productControIAct inordertoenhanceoverseasevaluationofJapanese
exportproductsandthuspromoteexports,andthesystemwasimproved afteranumberofrevisionssince・The1951revisionpavedthewaytocom−
pulsorylnSpeCtionbyprlVateagenCiesbutthenumberofinspectionagencies ofathirdpartynaturewassmall・Becauseofthis・theinspectionswerenot alwaysfairandjust・Anon−the−SpOtinspectionby a governmentagency
(theIndustrialProductInspectionlnstitute)infiscal1952exposedmany violationsoftherules.Therewasalsoseverecompetitionintheoverseas marketswhichledtodumplngatlowprlCeS・Thegovernmentfearedthat suchasituationwouldgivetheexportdestinationsanexcusetoraisetariffs
anddecided。nadrasticrevisionofthesystemin1953・(SeeVol・6, AHistory
ofMITIPolicies ).
AsseeninTablell,the1953revisionbecametheturnlngpOinttowarda sharpdeclineinthepercentagerateoftroubles,andtheevaluationof Japaneseproducts begantorisegradually・The November1956survey
c。nductedthroughJapaneseembassiesandlegationsabroad disclosed an
increasednumberofcommentslikeHthequalityofmostproductshasbeen remarkablyimprovedcomparedtotheprewaryearsorJuStSeVeralyears
ago (LosAngeles)or therecentevaluationofJapanese productsis
graduallyimprovlnganddrivlnganddrivlngaWaythebadreputationof
cheapbutpoor ofyearsago (NewYork)・( OverseasCriticismsAgainst
JapaneseExportProducts bytheForeignExchangeStudySociety)・Onthe
β(429)
The Effect ofJapanese Export PromotionSystems,1950〜1970
0therhand,however,therewerenotafewcriticismslike〟theusers,reliance
onJapaneseproductsislow,・・・andforproductsofthesamespecifications.
thegeneraltendency(inIran)isnottoorderJapaneseproductsunlessthe priceismorethan20%lowerthancomparableWesternproducts ,andthe occasionoftheinferiorqualityfountainpenissueinthefallof19561edto theestablishmentoftheExportInspectionLawbytheoverallrevisionof theExportProductInspectionAct.
Itis difficult to numerically measure the effect of the export product inspectionsystem・butasthedecliningpercentageratesoftroublesasseen inTablellshowsitisconsideredtohavehadafavorableeffectinpromoting exportsbyimprovlngthequalityofJapaneseproducts.
6.ShortSummary
TheresultsoftheforegolngeXaminationmaybesummarizedasfollows.
Firstly・thedirectprlCereductioneffectcannotbesaidtohavebeenlarge Whenseeninterms ofits totalamount because even when theinterest reductioneffectofexportfinanclngandtheamountoftaxreductionmade possibleby theexportpromotingtaxationsystem werecombined,they
accountedforonlyabout2%oftotalexportvalue・However,bothexport
financlngandtheexportpromotingtaxationsystemwereappliedtostra−
teglCindustrieswithpriority,andinthecaseofmarinevesselexportsand thelike,thesesystemsareconsideredtohavehadtheeffectoflowerlng exportprlCeSatleastbyafewpercentagepointsthanistheyweretoutiiize OrdinarylongtermfinanclngOftheprivatesector,and wereimportant elementsinsupportingthelownessofJapaneseproductprlCeSinthearena Ofinternationalcompetition.
Secondly,aSanindirectexportpromotingeffect,theslgnificance of the
factthatthegovernmenthadtakenovertherisksassociatedwithoverseas
exportmaybeclaimednottohavebeensmallasseenbytheimprovement oftheexportinsurancesystemandexpansionintheamountofitsutiliza−
tion.ThissystemwasalsoappliedtosuchstrateglCindustriesasmarine vesselsandplantsonaprlOritybasis,andasthesewerefieldsthatwere difficulttobeinsuredbydomesticandforelgnnOnlifeinsurancecompanies durlngtheperiodconcerned,thedevelopmentandoperationofsuchan exportinsurancesystemisconsideredtohavehadalargeeffectinenhanclng
theexport一mindofthosetypeofindustryandtohaveexpandedexports,
thoughcomplementarily・Onexportfinanclng,tOO,itseffectonthebusiness
behaviorofbusinessenterprlSeSWhichwereglVenforreadyaccesstofinan−
clngbasedongovernmentpolicyforexportitems,forwhichprlVatefinan一
●
cingwasdifficulttoobtain,SeemStOhavebeenevengreaterthantheprlCe reduclngeffectmentionedasthefirstitem・
Onthewhole,thefundamentalnatureofJapan,sdirectexportpromotion measureswasnotsomuchastoencourageafloodingofhugesubsidies
whichmighthaveimpededratherthanstrengthenedcompetitveness・Its
largestcharacteristiclayinhavlngamaJOreffectinleadingandorienting strateglCeXpOrtindustriestowardexportexpansionbylesseningfinancial burdensandrisksassociatedwithexports・Ofcourse,aSmentionedearlier inthisparagraph,thereseemstobesomeroomforfurtherexamination astowhethertheaforesaidcharacterizationstillapplieswhentheeffects
ofvariousotherpolicieswereconsideredincombination・
(Notes)1.ChalmersJohnson・1982,MITIandtheJapaneseMiracle−
TheG,。Wth。fIndustrialPolicy1925−75・(Translatedinto JapaneseundertheeditorialsupervisionofToshihikoYano,
1982,TBSBritanica).pp.259−2620ftranslatedversion・
2.T。ShimasaTs。,uta, TheHighGrowthEra (Chapter2,
TheIndustrialPolicyofJapan,,editedbyRyutaroKomlya・
Masahiro Okuno and Kotaro Suzumura,February1984,
TokyoUniversityPrintingSociety)P・76・
JO(427)
TheEffectofJapaneseExportPromotionSystems,1950〜1970
3・ShintaroHayashi, DiscussionsonJapan,sMachineryEx−
ports ,1961,p・142.
※Thisarticleistherevisioninafewpointsofmywork significanceof
ExportPromotionSystems (2・2・ ExportPromotionpolicy−Lessons
fromJapaneseExperience− editedbyEnglneerlngConsultingFirms
Association,March1991).
(Unilsin¥l00mi ionand%p・a・)
ll(U e x 。r t b ill (d i父 O u n t ) H M e x p o rt b ill (lo a n ) tia n k r a Lc s (T O K Y O )
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Table2EstimatedEffectofExportFinancing−(2)BOJSystemofLendingPledgedonForeignExchange
F Y
n O J o rdin a ry lJO an ratCS O n rO rClg n O u Lsta n d in g ba Ia ncc o r Ioa n s
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1. 83
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1954 6 . 57 1. 83 57 4 . 7ノ l 2 . 7
1955 6. 57 1. 28 16ノ 1 5 . 29 8 . 7
1956 8. 0 3 2. 34 177 5. 6 9 10. 1
1957 8 . 40 2. 9 2 29 7 5. 48 16. 3
1958 9 . 13 1. 82 3ノ 15 7. 32 25 . 3
1959 7. 67 2 . 55 53 1 5 . 12 27 . 2
1兆 0 8 . 03 4 . 0 1 526 4. 0 2 2 1. 1
1% 1 7 . 30 2. 92 鎚) 3 4 . 38 35. 2
1淡; 2 8. 03 2. 555 1, 522 5 . 175 83 . 3
】 鮎 3 6. 94 2 . 555 1, 978 4. 385 86 . 7
l淡; 4 7. 30 2 . 555 2 , 88 9 4. 7ノ 15 137 . 1
1% 5 6 . 94 3. 65 3, 829 3. 29 126 . 0
1兆 6 6. 2 1 3 . 65 4 , 4 17 2 . 56 ‖3 . 1
l淡; 7 6. 2 1 3 . 65 4 , 08 3 3. 29 13/ 1. 3
1% 8 6. 94 3. 65 6, ( 裕6 3. 29 199 . 6
1! Xi9 6 . 57 3. 65 8 , 513 2. 92 2ノ 19 . 5
1970 6. 75 4 . 0 0 11, 税目 2. 75 3 I9 . 0
(N o tcs ) ( 1) H O J o rd ina ry rate rcrcrs t0 − o thcr ra tcs o r lo a ns sccu rcd o n pa pcr.
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8 .4 17 5 .7 7 7 5 .4 9 2 4 .舗 1
%
_0 .2 6 3 1 .4 7 ノl 4 .1 日 4 .4 6 1 5 .0 5 2
¥ l (氾 m l1110 n 6 9 .8 0 5 5 .tX ) 9 3 .9 8 2 4 4 .9 4 3 7 .4
m l 10
_0 .18 0 .8 2 3 .8 7 1 0 .9 2 2 2 .10 19 5 6
19 5 7 19 5 8 19 5 9 1潔犯 1!絡 l
10 .2 5 6 9 .4 潔)
9 .3 8 4 9 .3 9 1 9 .3 ノ10 9 3 6 6
5 4 1 .7 6 3 7 .1 6 4 9 .2 8 0 1 .3 1 17 3 16 9 5
2 6 .2 2 9 .2 2 8 .1 3 0 .5 5 2 .5 7 2 .4
4 .8 3 7 4 .5 8 3 4 .3 2 8 3 .8 鵬 4 ,4 7 6 4 .2 7 1
5 .4 1 9 4 .tX )7 5 .0 5 6 5 .5 8 5 4 .8 6 4 5 .0 9 5
6 2 2 .1 5 7 5 .1 5 4 1 .4 7 2 0 ,6 1 .(X 氾 1 .4 7 7
3 0 .5 3 2 8 .2 2 2 7 .3 7 4 0 .2 5 4 8 .6 4 7 5 .2 5
1% 2 9 2 6 0 2 2 9 8 9 8 .9 4 .3 0 ノl 4 .9 5 6 l ,9 5 7 9 6 .9 9
1% 3 9 1 3 6 3 0 18 12 9 4 .2 7 4 4 .8 6 2 2 ,56 5 12 ′1.7 1
1 !絡4 8 9 8 6 3 9 7 1 1 7 4 4 .4 2 6 4 .5 6 0 3 .3ノ19 15 2 .7 1
1% 5 8 9 17 4 9 2 8 2 2 1 4 .4 8 5 4 .4 3 2 3 .8 6 5 17 1 .3 0
1% 6 8 7 4 5 6 2 17 2 7 2 4 .3 7 5 4 .3 7 0 5 ,∝絡 2 1 8 .7 6
1% 7 8 ノ15 7 8 0 3 3 3 5 6 4 ,4 3 2 4 .0 2 5 6 .2 5 5 2 5 1 .7 6
1 兆 8 8 3 7 7 9 % 9 4 6 6 4 .6 7 4 3 .7 0 1 7 ,5 7 5 2 8 0 ・3 5
l!絡9 8 .3 1 1 1 2 0 1 6 5 8 0 4 .8 2 7 3 .4 8 ノー 9 .3 7 1 3 2 6 1 9
19 7 0 8 .3 2 0 1 4 5 5 6 7 3 6
^ v c r a g c o r th c b cg i n ln g a n d e n d o r th e
● d r
5 .0 5 6 3 .2 6 4 l l ,3 7 0 3 7 日 2
p er 10 1g u reS
(N o t c ) (l ) (^ ):a C CO rd in g to t h c ta rg c Ls o r rin a n cia l a n d m o n c t a ry st a t k L ic s ・(一り −‥a C C O rd in g to t h 州 s to r y o f T h ir ty Y ca 帽 ・ o r t h c にx p o rt −tm P O rt li a n k
(2)1.oan(H)kthcavcrageaHhebcginningandthccndorcachpcriodaccordingtothcba)anccshcct
(3)(C)‥aCCOrdingtothestatcmcntorPrOritandJo∬・
Table4 EstimatedEffectofExportFinancing−(4)EstimatedTotalAm。unt
OfInterestReductionanditsRatiotoExportValue
U n its in ¥ 】(カ m illio n
F Y
T a b k l T a b le 2 rIla b k 3 1 10 t a l a m o u n t o r li a tio n to to t a l T 0 ta l 0 日tSt a n d in g li a Lio n t o lo ta I
‖ 1. に (】 lo a n re d u c tio n e x p o r t v a lu e a m o u n l o ‖ o a n s
a n d d isc o u n ts
e x p o r い ・a lu e
19 5 1 0 0 0 −0 .18
¥ l00−0 .m illio n 18 %
0 .00
¥ 日刀 m iH o n 36 0 %
7 .4
1 9 5 2 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .8 2 0 ,8 3 0 .0 2 2 】9 4 .8
】9 5 3 0 0 .0 3 0 .7 6 3 .8 7 4 .6 6 0 .10 2 5 8 5 .6
19 54 0 0 .1 1 2 .7 10 .9 2 Ⅰ3 .7 0 .2 3 5 9 3 10 .1
19 5 5 0 0 .0 1 8 .7 2 2 .10 3 0 .8 0 .4 3 7 3 7 10 .2
1 9 5 6 1 .6 3 0 .4 9 10 .1 3 0 .5 3 4 2 ,7 0 .1 7 9 3 8 10 .4
19 5 7 2 .3 4 1 .4 6 】6 .3 2 8 .2 2 4 8 .3 0 .1 7 1,1 1 2 10 .8
19 5 8 3 .9 9 1.2 3 2 5 .3 2 7 .3 7 5 7 .9 0 .5 6 l ,0 8 ノl 10 ,5
19 5 9 3 .4 0 0 .8 1 2 7 .2 4 0 .2 5 7 1 .7 0 .5 8 り 7 5 1 1 .9
1 潔氾 3 .2 2 0 .9 6 2 1 .1 1 8 .64 7 3 .9 0 .5 1 1 ,7 4 7 】2 .0
柑引 4 .2 0 2 ,2 8 3 5 .2 7 5 .2 5 ‖6 .9 0 .7 7 2 .6 1 5 17 .1
1兆 2 7 ,0 4 6 .2 6 8 3 .3 9 6 .9 9 19 3 .6 1 .0 9 3 ,9 1 1 2 2 .1
1兆 3 5 .伯 5 .5 0 8 6 .7 1 2 4 .7 1 2 2 7 .9 1 .16 5 ,00 8 2 5 .5
1 鋤 9 .0 5 1 1 .4 5 13 7 .1 1 5 2 .7 1 3 10 .3 1 .2 9 6 ,9 8 5 2 9 .】
19 6 5 7 .7 7 1ノト9 5 12 6 .0 1 7 1 .3 0 3 2 0 .0 1 .0 5 8 ,6 3 3 2 8 .4
1 96 6 5 .8 7 1 1 .3 3 1 13 .1 2 i8 .7 6 3 ′19 .1 0 .9 9 】0 ,小目 2 9 .7
1% 7 7 .0 2 日 .n 5 】3 ノー.3 2 5 1 .7 6 1 0 7 .1 1 .0 8 日 ,5 8 7 3 0 .8
1兆 8 t 3 .8 2 2 2 .6 8 l!相.6 2 8 0 .3 5 5 16 .5 1 .1 1 15 ,1 5 8 3 2 .5
1% 9 1 3 .9 2 2 7 .8 6 2 ノI9 .5 3 2 6 .4 9 6 1 7 .8 ト0 7 1 9 ,9 2 1 3 ノ1 .6
19 7 0 19 .7 ノー 2 6 .9 9 3 19 .0 3 7 1 .12 7 3 7 .1 日光 2 5 .2 7 2 3 6 .3
T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e s e E 眉 O r
− P r O ヨ 0
− i O n S y s t e m s 二 琶 〜
− 3
o f J a p a n f o r th e M a jo r S h ip b u ild in g C o m p a n ) e S
C om pany nam e
( h tstanding balance or ト : X IM H ank loans
ドisCa1 1%5 ( H stim ates)
霊 慧 t Or N et prorit rcduction ( ∧) bcrorc ta x (lI)
∧/ Il
( h tstanding balance or H X IM liank loa ns
lJiscaI 1%7 ( ト : stim ateS)
霊 芸 : t Or N et prorit rcduction ( C ) bcrorc ta x (l) )
】 ) / C
lshikaw aJlm a 一 日arim a Ileavy lndustries
H itaChi Shipbuilding
M itsui Shipbuilding
M itSubishi lleavy Tndustrics
¥l00 m illion ¥l( M m i ion ¥100 m illion % ¥100 m illion ¥l( M m im on ¥l00 m illion % 6ノ lJ
65. 7
42. 1
11. 6 426. 7
2tX) . 1
200 . 0
699 . 8
18. 9
12. 9
8. 9
31. 0
39. 8
29. 4
17. 8
161. 8
47. 5
43. 9
50, 0
19. 2
1122. 7
47ノ ー . 9
118. 6
! 賞; 3. 8
15. 2
19. 1
16. 8
38 . 8
70. 2
29. 1
39 . 9
33人6
(So urcc) Ⅰ baIancc or lくX IM H ank loans or cach com pany ( √ igurcd out rrom thc N cgotia blc S∝uritics − tcport or cach com pany・T hc am ount or intcn st rcduction w as cstim atcd by m u) avcragc o r thc rigurcs at thc bcginning and thc cnd or thc tcrm )by thc raLc o r intcrcst rcd uction tiplying thcoutstanding
shownin TabIc3
h● b ●ld●
草
野 等 肝 ㌘ ふ 血
︵ −
諾 N
欄 ︶
Table6 EffectoftheExportPromotingTaxationSystem(1)
(U n iLs in U .S .$ m i io n a n d % )
ドY
1 10 ta I a m o u n t o r ta x re d u c t io n b y t h e H x p o rt P ro m o t ln g T a x a tio n S y s le m (∧)
T o ta l a m o u n l o r t a x rc d u c lio n b y t h c ト:x c ep tio n S tO T a x L a w s ∧c t (Ii )
(∧)/(‖) 1 0 1 a I e x p o rt v a lu e (C ) (∧)/(C ) Ii a le o r e x p o h
S U b s id ics in K o re a
1 9 5 3 13 .1 16 2 .5 8 .0 1,2 7 5 1 .0
】9 5 ノl 1 L l 19 ト7 5 .8 1 ,6 2 9 0 .7
19 5 5 9 .7 2 5 9 .4 3 .7 2 ,0 1 1 0 .5
19 5 6 1 2 .5 2 6 4 .7 4 .7 2 ,5 0 1 0 ,5
】9 5 7 2 0 .8 2 0 ノ1 .2 10 .2 2 ,8 5 3 0 .7
1 9 5 8 3 ノ1.7 1 9 7 .5 17 .6 2 .8 7 7 1 .2 2 .3
19 5 9 2 7 .8 2 2 9 .7 1 2 .1 3 ,4 5 6 0 .8 2 .5
19 6 0 3 ト9 2 8 0 .8 1 1 .4 4 .0 5 5 0 .8 1 .9
1!裕 l 3 0 .6 2 8 4 .7 10 .1 4 .2 3 6 0 .7 6 .6
19 6 2 5 9 .7 3 ノー9 .4 17 .1 1 .9 16 1 .2 16 ,5
1 % 3 6 5 .3 4 7 1 .1 13 .9 5 ,4 5 2 仁2 15 .1
1㈲ 6 6 .1 5 9 6 .7 lL l 6 ,6 7 3 1 .0 12 .8
1% 5 6 8 .3 6 1 3 .3 1 1 .I 8 ,1 5 2 0 .8 14 .8
1% 6 7 2 .5 6 5 0 .3 l L l 9 ,7 7 6 0 .7 】9 .0
1 % 7 7 1 .6 6 3 5 .8 1 1 .3 10 ,4 4 2 0 .7 2 3 .0
1 % 8 l (H .2 7 2 0 .8 1ノ1 .5 1 2 ,9 7 2 0 .8 2 8 」
】% 9 1 3 9 .7 8 7 9 .3 15 .6 1 5 ,鰍 ) 0 .9 2 6 .1
】9 7 0 2 10 .8 1 ,0 4 0 .わ 2 0 .3 Ⅰ9 ,3 18 1 .1 2 7 .8
(A
害
h
、勺
))rcparcdrromthcTaxCommission・】Co‖cctionorMatcria]sand一)aLc,{cJatcdLothc,raxCommission・,MarchlfXS3issue・PPA22−423・May1972issuc,P・187:
T・ニconomicT))ann)ng∧gcney・−[・:Conomic,fandbook ・ksucsorcachyear=C・T日;rankctal・・SoulhKorca・NaLiona urcauo仙onomicTtc父arCh.1975,PP・70−7Ⅰ.
(1),11h POrtPrOmOtingtaxaLionsystcmrcrerstoaccekratcddcprceiationrorcxport・SPCCialdcductionoroverscasincome.rcSerVCrOrCXPIoitationor…r−
(2)ThcraLeorcxporlsubsidicsinKoroaisobtaincdbydividingthctolalam(untOrCXPOrtSUbsidicsbyLhclotaJamountorcxporLPrOVidcdthaLexport SUbsidicsrcrcrLothcdircctsubsidicspaid・domcstictaxcscxcmptcd,importduticscxcmptcd・andgovcrnmcntaidlorsubsidiZingmtcrcstburdcn.
T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r
− P r O ヨ 0
− i O n S y s t e ヨ S L 誤 ○
〜 −
3 0
r T de
1, 11 ・tio n S stem liy M ajo r C o rpo ra tio ns b y Lly pc o t L ra O CドO r b usin css y ca r Cn d cd b ctw ccn N o v cm ber lSX 59 a n d M a y 19 70
T y pe o r tra de
ド b 、・ vca r cn dcd b ctw ccn M a y 196 9 a n d (k to bcr l!裕9 O r u Sln e6S
N o .o r co m p a n ies
S pe ia l ded u ctio n o r
n th er ex cep tl0 n S tO
T l
110 ta I N o .o r co m p a n ies
S pecia l d ed u ctio n o r ex po rt inco m e
()th er excep いO n S tO T a x tJa W S
T o ta l
ド0 0 d 10
exp o rt ln CO m e l.9 %
a X Ja W S 3 .8 %
5.7% 11 l.6% 3 .1 % 5 .0 %
m a n u ra ctu n n g
1 d 、t 5 5 .6 20 .0 25 .6 6 5 .6 2 1.6 2 7.2
16 3 1 extlIe ln u S ry
C h em ica l
10 2 .9 13.0 15 .9 11 4 .9 11.4
in d u stry
P h a rm a ccu tica ls 6 1.1 7 .9 9 .0 7 1.6 3.1 4 ,7
m a n u fa ctu rlng
R u b b cr p ro d ucts l 18 .1 _16 .4 1.7 1 13 .3 ■17 .4 _4 .1
m a n u ra ctu rln g
R a rth en w a re 5 4 .0 5 .8 9 .8 5 2 .6 12 .7 15 .3
m a n u ractu rln g k ●
7 6 .2 22 .8 29 .0 7 4 .3 39 .2 43 .5
15 8 M eta lw o r −n g
H e∝tric m a ch in Cr a n d a pp lia nce m a n u ra ctu rln g T ra n spo rta tio n eq u lp m ent m a n u ra ctu rlng P recisio n m ach in ery an d in stru m cn t.
m a n u ractu rlng 1
5
12
3
7
2 .0
7 .5
1.0
13 .6
5.2
10 .4
15.7
_9 .4
7 .2
17 .9
16 .7
4 .2
5
12
3
8
2.0
11.0
1.0
9 .8
13 .8
日.4
7 .1
6 .9
22 .4
8 .1
16 .7 6 3 1 C o m m erce
F ish eries l 18 .2 5 1.1 6 9 .3 5 3 3 .8 29 .3
145 4 .1 17.5 2 l.6
T o ta l in clu d ing o ther tra des
136 3 .1 16 .5 19 .6
(S 。。,cc) l)rcpa red rro m −C o cctio n o r M a tcria Is
(N 。tC) ・ T hc ra tio w h cn thc to ta l in com c a ssy m ra tc o r cx p o rt in co m e sp∝ia ld cd u ctlOn
a n d l)a te tl eIa tcd to thc J・reIim ina ry tt cp o rt o r th c T a x C o m m issio n (I}a rt l)【一八p ri1 1% I・P p ・524 −52 9 ・ in g n o extra o rd in a ry La x m ea su reS W CrC aV a i−a b−e w a s d 即 ed a s 10 0 % ・T y pcs o r tra d c w h osc u liliza tio n
is Icss th a n l% w crc cx clu dcd ・
b T
草
野 等 肝 ? ふ 血
︵ −
器 N
罰 ︶
Table8 EffectoftheExportPromotingTaxationSystem(3)
F o r b usin css y ca r cn d cd b cLw cct M a y 196 9 a n d (k to b er l淡;9 J/O r bu sin css y ca r en dcd b ctw ccL N o vcm bcr 1% 9 a n d M a v 19 70
N o . T y Pe O r lra か ヽ0 .O r CO .I・:x po rt inco m … x p o rt in eo m c (∧)/ (り
d ed u clio n (∧) (li) N o .o r co .l・:x p o rt in co m e ded u ctio n (C )
■
ト:x p o rt in co m c (C )/(fi)
1 2
M eta I m in m g 1
】
lり 0 7 3 2,㈹5 5人2 3% 4 10 ,14 1 15 .830 64 .(裕%
C o a l m in .n g 58 72 80 .00
3 4 5 6 7 8
ドIo u r m iJJin g ド0 0d m rg , rrex tile in d uslry f)a p cr & p uJp in d u stry C h cm ica J in d ustry
I)h a rm a ccu tica Is m a n u ra etu r)n
2 8 7 1 6 6
2.5 18 2 ,794 淡).12
113 ,192 40 8 .0 日 35 .16 6 50 ,0 82 仁27 9,0別 50 .8 2 19 ,1潔; 朋 ,929 1 2 .7 2 6 7,09 7 110 ,66 5 60 .63
30 ,893 8 L 6 23 3 7.84
2 11 8 6 7 7
2 ,0 88 日6 ,10 7 828 ,498 23 .05犯 160 ,545
封 ,08 7
2 ,355 136 ,10 8 1,855 ,238 29 ,663 2 16 ,6 9 1 6 1 5 0 1
88 .66 33 .50 両 .6 5 77 .8′l 朗 .08 5 5 ノI2 9
10 11 12 13 日
0 11 & co a I p ro d u ct m rg ・ Ei u b bcr pro d uct m rg ・ l二a rth en w a rc m rg ・ I)rin h n g
M eta lw o rk in g
)・:Jcctric m a chincry & a p p Jia ncc m rg .
2
】 5
1 8 8
2 1.5ノ19 4 ,6 93 16 6 .9 11 6ノ12 86 7.286 154 ,958
23 ,50 4 5 .16 3 497 .18 7 738 1,115 ,39 】 し礪 1,8 27
9 1.6 7 90 .8 9 33 .5 5 86 .99 7 7.75 12 .8 ノl
3 1 5 1 8 8
39 ,(カ3 12 .48 2 14 5,255 688 8 2 1,9 77 5 17 .9餅)
4 5,5 10 13.66 7 507 ,071 789 99 3 .20 1 1,094 ,22 2
85 .70 9 1.3 3 28 .64 8 7 .19 82 .76 47 .33 15 T ra n sp o rta tio n eq L m rg ・ 】5 1.5 28 ,0ノ18 2 .20 】,53 2 60 .32 14 2,025 ,328 3 923 652 5 1 66 16 l)r∝lSlO n m aCh in ery &
in stru m en t m rg ・
2 1 1,389 26 ,856 4 2 .40 2 10 ,560 29 .0 19 36 .38
17 18
M ach in cry m fg ・ C o m m erce
3 1
11,4 11 4 0 ,16 2 28 .4 1 3 12 .5 30 56 ,5両 22 .】5
19 M a rin c tra n spo rt 1
2
66 6 ,3 30 20,(裕l
74 2,780 2 1.655
89 ,7 1 9 2 .63
15 70 7,929 776 ,9 13 9 1.1 1
20 2 1 2 2
(】as sup p ly in g l)ep a rtm en t stor
1 1
7 11 7%
2 ,0 22 1.9 27
3 5.16 4 1.3 1
1 2
1,0 20 2 .29 8
2 .3 94 3 ,46 1
1 2.60 66 .39 23
24
M o v IC rHm p ro d n F ish eries
M ela l p rod u ct m rg ・ T t l
イ l
12 ,563 101 ,325
4 5.63 5 1日,24 5
27 .52 9 1.3 】
イ 5
I
3 5,99 2 1,027 .92 7 6 .926
6 l.29 3 1.68 9 ,9 17 10 .375
58 .7 2 60 .8 2 66 .75
O a 10 7 ィ,鋭)2,4 19 7 ,鋸札 200 58 .55 118 6 5 72 ノ16 1 11 82 5 両 7 5 5 57
(1) T h c so u rcc is lh c sa m c a s th c prcccd in g ta blc・1,rcp a rcd lro m p p ・624 −6 27 .o p .cit.
T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r
− P r O m O
− i
O n
S y
s t
e ヨ
S 二
琶 ユ
3
(Unitsin¥million)
r o ta l a m o u n l (】en e r a l e x p o rt ln S U ra n C e
H x p o rt b ill ln Su r a n c c
H x o rt C o n s ) g n m Cn t・O v e rs e a s O v t汀S e a S ()V e rs ea s
・ t n t
()V e rse a s
lくX p o rl v a lu e H X P O rt
p ro ce e d ln S u r a n C e
(′ lly p e H )
(ト:r rec t iv e
一 P rin a n c ln g ln Su ra n Ce
e 、P O rt ln S u ra n C e
a d v e rt ise m t n t ln S u ra n C e
ln V eS t m e n t p rln C 岬a l ln S u r a n C e
ln V eS m e p ro rit ln S u ra n Ce
in Y e S tm e n t ln S u r a n C e ドY
1 9 5 0 19 5 1 19 5 2
2 4 , 0 4 2 (8 .1 ) 13 , 7 7 3 (2 . 8 ) 2 . 34 5 (0 . 5 )
(T y p e ∧ )
(H rrc c tiv e r ro m (1・ :r rec t il・ e
(rIly p e C )
(ト:r rec t iv c (ト:r re ct iv e
(rr y p e l))
(ト :rre c t iv e (ll:r reC t iヽ ・ e (lC rre c lil・ e (11 r rec t iv e r
2 9 5 , 200 (10 0 ) 4 8 7 , 8 00 (10 0 ) 4 5 8 , 2 8 0 (100 ) 4 5 9 ( X 氾 (10 0 ) J u n e .19 5 0 ) J
2 川 M 2 (8 .1 ) 1 3 , 3 0 8 (2 . 7 ) 9 9 1 (0 . 2 )
rr O m M a r c h . 19 5 1 )
1 6 5 7 19
rr o m
∧u g u sL 19 5 3 )
3 6 1 r ro m M a y . 19 5 2 )
6 3 2
r ro m ∧ p r il,
19 5 4 )
4 9
r ro m tJu n ( ! . 19 5 2 )
0 , 1
rr o m
∧p e il.
19 56 )
9 5 6 33 1 1 8 2 7 5 2 , 0 4 7
! X )2 5 8 0
rr o m J u n e .
19 5 7 )
0 1 0 0 0
rO m M a y , 19 7 0 )
2 0 , 3 56
19 5 3 3 2 , 6 9 8 (7 . 1 ) 2 8 , 1 3 6 (6 .り 2 , 4 9 7 1 . 6 9 5 9 I
5 8 6 4 4 0 (100 ) 19 5 ノ l 7 0 , 4 8 3 (12 . 0 ) 1 9 . 5 0 8 (8 . 4 ) 14 , 3 1 9 1 , 8 0 1 4 , 7 両 3 1
7 2 3 % 0 (10 0 ) 19 5 5
19 5 6 19 5 7 19 5 8 19 5 9 19 6 0 1% 1
別 , 6 3 0 (1 3 .1 ) 1 1 日 8 6 (1 2 . 3 ) 12 1 , 6 3 4 (l l . 8 ) 16 7 . 5 % (16 . 0 ) 1 7 2 , 4 3 5 (13 . 8 ) 3 10 . 2 4 5 (2 1 . 6 ) 3 9 付 0 8 (2 5 . 8 )
(2 0 )
6 8 . 8 8 0 (9 . 5 ) 7 5 , 8 2 6 (8 . 4 ) 淡 ). 4 8 0 (8 . 8 ) 10 8 , 00 3 (10 . 4 ) 1 14 月7 8 (9 . 2 ) 19 6 . 7 1 3 (13 . 4 ) 2 5 3 , 2 18 (16 . 6 ) 2 6 8 6 7 7 (15 2 )
16 , 8 2 9 2 4 . 2 0 4 10 1 9 8 3 6 , 3 9 4 3 0 , 3 6 0 7 1 , 7 13 9 ノ 1, 6 3 9 1 1 7 6 5 8
2 , 5 7 7 6 . 3 4 6 12 , 淡 ) 4 2 0 , 5 4 3 2 5 . 0 2 0 3 7 , 4 17 4 2 . 8 6 7 5 3 5 3 3
6 , 2 9 2 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 2 16 2 、 4 5 1 2 , 3 8 6 2 . 3 4 2 2 , 6 4 6 1 , 9 9 4
2 1 2 1 5 19 13 1ノ ー 2 8
7 7
3 3 4 2 0 2 2 1 9 0
t l
舗 0 , 3 6 0 (l00 ) 1 , 0 2 7 , 0 8 0 (l00 ) 1 . 0 3 5 , 7 2 0 (l 00 ) 1. 2 小目 6 0 (100 ) り 5 9 , 8 00 (100 ) 1 . 5 2 4 . 兆 0 (l00 ) 1 , 7 6 9 , 7 6 0 (10 0 ) l舗 2
l舗 3 1 御
l餅; 5 1潔箔 1% 7 1% 8 1% 9 19 70
朋 2 , 5 19 5 . 7 2 8 , 0 3 6 (3 7 .1 ) 8 】8 , 3 3 4 (3 1 .1 ) 1 ,12 軋7 6 9 (3 7 . 日 1 , 3 17 , 3 9 1 (3 7 . 4 )
1 . 6 8 1 . 3 1 6 (1 4 . 7 ) 1 , 8 鵬 . ㈹ l (3 8 . 7 ) 2 , 4 5 9 即 6 (1 2 . 7 ) 3 , 7 ∩8 畑 ) 8 (5 3 , 3 )
5 3 5 , 1 9 3 (2 7 . 3 ) 5 2 7 . 1 19 (2 2 . 0 ) 7 4 7 , 2 2 6 (2 1 . 6 ) 維 5 , 3 2 1 (2 小6 ) 8 5 2 , 5 5 2 (2 2 . 7 ) 胚 l , 7 5 3 (1 8 . 5 ) L l4 8 . 3 ( 将 (1 9 . 9 ) 1 . 紬 9 , 3 湘 (2 7 . 2 )
1 2 3 . 6 8 9 1餅), 3 9 5 2 5 1 , 7 6 8 2 9 1 , 00 1 6 3 3 . 4 8 8 6 9 8 , 5 ノ I l 9 7 9 . 7 9 2 1 , 3 鋸 , 2 9 1
6 5 , 8 3 3 9 7 ,19 9 1 1 9 . 6 6 6 15 3 , 4 4 3 18 9 , 6 9 2 2 4 2 , 8 1 7 3 2 2 7 7 4 4 13 日 3
1 , 5 6 ノ l 2 , 0 3 7 2 , 8 9 4 2 , 7 6 2 2 . 8 9 9 3 . 2 7 0 2 , 8 6 2 2 . 4 9 5
1 2 1 8 4 1価 3 9 2 3 8 8 3 0 2 2 ( ≠)
12 4
0 0 4 1 9 7 3 6 7 1 日) 7 12 6
1 , 3 3 4 1,19 2 4 , ( 精 7 1 , 3 7 7 2 , 2 9 1 2 , 2 7 6 4 . 餅) 8 1 , 0 7 1
0 7 0 0 0 0 4 2
l , 舗 2 , 7 2 0 (l00 ) 2 . 4 0 2 . 2 8 0 (l00 ) 3 , 0 4 2 , 7 2 0 (l00 ) 3 . 5 19 , 3 00 (100 ) 3 , 7 5 9 ,12 0 (l00 ) 4 , 鋪 9 . 9 2 0 (l00 ) 5 , 7 5 6 . 4 00 (l00 ) 6 , 9 5 4 . 4 8 0 (100 )
(1)l)rcparcdrrom・Mm^nnuallteportMf、orcachycarT
(2)r:xportva.ucsba父donthcdatabook0.−11hcTkvc.opmcntorModprnJapancsc肋nomy ・l{conomicHanning∧gency
草 野 等 膵
? ム 血 ︵
− 器 N 欄
︶
TablelO CoverageRatesofExportsbyItemUndertheOrdinary
( A
ト一一▲
)の
【\)
ト、▲
J・二x p o r l l n s u r a n c c u n i t s i n ¥ H X ) m H H o n iln d % )
巨 Y
′\n ln l川 t_
rn l t・r t−d b †・
in 山 l′id u 織l
‖八 m n 川 仙 n l 。 n ヽヽ・・t・r l−d (、n tt rln l−)・ )・は m n d b Ia n k l、l r ln t h
八 m (ll劃n l n l t・n d b I ′ b lh n k t,t
li a t i(l t n m Il n − m h d tt r ih ・r
∧ m n u n t ぐ∩ ヽ・P rt−d b I ・ b ln n k l、l
‖ 欄 t_iO t r〉
仙 n r晶 ・n g n n d H t†X P O r t・ぶ
八 m tl u n t r n l・l rl†d
b y h la n L t、t
tt n I in tの r−川 i叩 H I r〉r k e 大町 〉r 1−よ
∧ n llV U n t r n l′げ l†d h } b h n k t!t
1i h t in t r〉
Ilh n l t、X IH l r t・よ
∧ m rm n t r n ヽrP r l・d b y b la n k l・t
lt 州 tin l r〉
H h ilI l、X P n r lぶ
∧ m rIu n l r n v e rt・d b y b h n k p t
It n tin I n r n n l w はn l ぐX p r汀 1ぶ
八 m のU n l r n ヽ・l!r P d h y l l k
li h li(I tn in s u h t u d W lr Iヽ
(!入P r〉r lぶ n r (・O H rl n
y n m H n d r lfIt h
11人lIn r l−ゴ
r m a n 一 m a d l! y n 川 d r h b r k
)■はr n a n d rIl b rk lt二り いつrt S
ln S u r 一 d n (℃ O r w o n lt・n g −抑 lls
q r r r川 in g H t 。r k
O r P la n L
& 叫 u 岬 一 m e n L
O r S h ip o r
r 00 t VV a r P
l h n t亘
o r e h r t rk W trr
1 9 5 5 1 9 5 6 1 9 5 7
4 5 1 7 5 1
3 6 2 3 ノ日 朝 8
3 9 .6 % 3 2 .7 3 6 .1
2 0 2 2 5 0 3 】5
3 3 .3 % 2 9 .2 3 2 .2
ト:r r pr t iヽ′P r r n nn
(k t r〉h ・r 1 9 5 9
1 1 1 7 .1
8 0
〜始 7 8
1 0 2 .0 兆 8 3 .6 朗 .イ
ト二r r rr ti v l・
r rrI m
・M y M 5 7
日 ト 2
ト:r r打 t.iv e r rr〉m t h m m h −r
】腑 )
3 5 7 3 ノ1 .5
ト二r r or t iv p r rn m A p r il 1 % 2
2 2 7 」
ト:r r od iY e r ro m J u ly l !黙 5
4 1 3 8 」
1 9 5 8 6 3 3 3 3 3 L l 2 6 2 3 2 .3 1 8 5 5 .6 N .八 .
19 5 9 7 7 1 9 1 1 1 .1 3 1 7 1 2 .0 2 8 5 2 .1 2 2 7 2 5 .0
l S絡 () 6 Ⅰ 4 7 9 3 2 .9 3 2 1 3 5 .9 1 3 1 1 6 8 .I 5 7 9 8 6 .2
1 % 1 7 4 4 3 3 3 1 .6 3 4 8 3 7 .3 9 3 7 2 .5 2 3 0 18 7 .9 7 3 9 6 8 .7 6 1 6 6 0 .5
1 % 2 = 2 1 2 ノー 3 2 .1 1 1 2 4 1 .0 1 3 8 5 I .3 9 8 1 2 .わ 1 5 7 5 0 .3 l (謁 2 1 2 5 .0
1 % 3 1 3 6 1 3 3 3 6 .5 4 3 7 3 9 .8 】柑 3 5 .5 1 5 3 朗 .7 7 6 3 5 9 .3 2 2 9 1 1 8 7 .3 3 1 】2 .9
‖ 兼 1 レ ‖ 十 日 3 ノー.1 5 2 ノl 3 9 .0 1 8 9 ・1 7 .3 2 1 8 2 ノ1 0 .1 l ()1 2 6 8 .6 1 9 7 0 日 日 .5 2 6 8 .9
1 % 5 小 目 3 7 7 3 2 .1 6 6 9 1 0 .3 2 2 6 4 2 .4 日 日 7 8 .4 1 5 0 3 8 2 .4 3 4 0 6 1 2 6 .5 9 3 .0
1 兆 6 2 2 1 3 6 9 3 3 」 8 0 8 3 9 .6 1 9 5 3 1 .1 3 2 3 2 】6 .0 1 7 4 7 8 ノ1.3 朋 2 5 ‖ 9 .3 8 2 .4 3 5 2 3 .7
1 % 7 7 5 8 3 4 7 3 7 .2 8 6 8 4 0 .2 2 6 5 1 1 .5 ‖ 0 餅 ).4 2 1 5 4 6 8 ,8 3 3 2 5 訓 .0 6 L 5 8 9 6 5 .4
1 兆 8 1 5 3 3 2 3 3 5 .8 1 0 8 0 1 0 .5 2 7 2 3 3 .8 l I8 購 ,8 1 7 3 3 1 9 .9 3 2 0 3 8 2 .1 5 1 .1 3 0 1 8 .I
I% 9 2 ノ‖ 2 5 1 2 9 .6 1 2 8 】 3 8 .1 2 7 5 3 0 .7 1 1 2 4 8 .8 2 1 6 3 4 9 .1 3 7 2 3
9 ノ17 4
洪 ).9 1 8 6 .7
5 3
1 ,0 0 .7
6 1 4 9
2 9 .0 1 6 1
I9 7 0 3 0 9 2 ノ1 8 3 4 .0 ‖ 7 3 3 9 .1 2 2 0 2 2 .6 2 5 1 粥 .3 3 10 1 5 1 .7
(1 ) O m i u c d b Ja n k e t in s u r a n F e S O r t a X t ilc p r o d u c t s (c r r ∝ t iY e r r P m ∧ p r ‖ J 9 6 3 )・ i r o n & s t c e l (e r r c c t iY C r r O m )9 6 9 )・g a JY a n iz c d p Ja t e (c r r c c t iv c r r o m J a n u a r y l 9 6 9 ), C O u O n m a t c r ia l p .r p d u c t (e r r c c t J Y e r r O m J a n u a r y J 9 6 9 ) a n d s p e c ia J s L c e J (c r r c c t iv c r r o m N o Y C m b c r J 9 7 0 ).
(2 ) ∧ m o u n ts )n S u r C d a rc b a s c d o n M J ・r J ^ n n u &川 e p o r t O r c a e h y c a r ・ a n d t h c c x p o r t Y a Ju c s a r c b a s d o n t h c ・・W h it 皿 p e r o n I ・10 r C ig n ・r r a d c a n d C o m m c r c c ・・ O r c a c h y e a r ・
(3川orplant POrtYaJucs・r gurcsbascdonexportlICCnS篤aCtuaIlyissucdonplanbandLhclikcwcreuscdsrtcrsubtraCt ngthc POrtamOUntOrrOllingstockand.
rromI9600nWard・aJsocxportamountorships・,Irom.9 onward・r.即rCSbascdoncxportJICCnSC CLualIyISSuCdonmachineryAndtheJikcwcreuscdarteTSub_
T h e E f f e c t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r
− P r O m O
− i O n S y s t e ヨ S 二 望 〜
− 3
0
(O n − T h e − S p o t ln sp e c t io n S t a tis t ic s o f G o v e rn m e n t A g e n C le S ノ
G ra nd total
lndustriaI T exlile l, roducts M 八ドH xport lIrodLJClぶ lnspcction
a
lIygl川ic Sciences
( K nterprke l) ivision,
1) lStrtCt M arIt liurea us an d L and rllransp
lm e
Ⅰ ) istrict M anu ractures TnspccLion lnstitutc l〉 hilrm aCeutlCal A rralrS Iiurcaus or thc Ort lnsp∝tion lnstitute lnsu tu Le llurcau. M inistry or
Ilea圧h &W elrare)
%
M inistry or rranspo rt N r cases % N o . or cases % N o. or cases d %
troubles
N o. or cases inspected
% troubles
N o . o r cases inspecled %
troubles
N o . o rcases inspected
0
trou btes 0. 0
inspected troubles F Y
1951 1952 1953 195ノ 1 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959
lnSPeCted 47, 559 53. 213 54. 105 48, 879 両, 925 42. 081 35. 602 19, 610 24, 315
troublcs H . 9
14. 6 3. 9 4. 3 1. 8 4. 5 3. 9 3. 9 2. 8
lnSPCCte
l6. 305 201 16. 369 20 ・ 7 19. 405 3・ 1 17, 562 2・ 7 16, 654 4・ 9 15, 228 3・ 2 16. 737 3・ 7 12, 775 4・ 9 14. 309 3・ 3 2 ノ l
7. ( 裕4 1, 782 4, 淡; 9 4. 0 0 5 1, 838 4, 234 4. 791 4. 548 6, 120 6 983
17. 5 11, 9 5. 9 4. 6 8. 7 7. 6 4. 0 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 07
23, 224 20, 992 28, 761 26. 561 23, 407 22, 345 13. 983 2. 227 2, 289 2. 133
47 3. 0 4. 2 4. 5 3. 9 4 . 9 4. 1 6. 9 8. 5 6 . 2
89 1 87/ 1
589 544 26 53 18 58 45 50
3. 4 75
3. 2 257 3. 7 378 14. 5 207
0. 0 0
0. 0 221
0. 0 70
0. 0 2
0. 0 1. 552 0. 0
0 . 0 12. 1 0. 0 0. 0
0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 5 1%0
1961 1%2 日 絡3 1餅il l! 絡5 1966 1%7 l%8 1969 1970
24, 915 26, 158 22. 822 29. 719 30, 213 32, 175 35, 899 38. 2両 43, 144 43. 55 1 鳩, 265
2. 1 15, 719 2. 0 16, 594
】 . 9 13, 467 1. 1 29. 605 0. 9 2 1, 776 0. 8 24. 113 LU 26. 119 1. 1 28 . 22ノ 1 1. 1 32. 168 0. 6 33. 512 0. 4
2. 0 2. 4 0. 8 0. 8 0. 1 0. 6 1. 0 1. 3 0. 5
6, 428 7, 187 7, 211 6, 613 5, 946 7, 552 1, 151 8, 637 8, 536
0. 0 1 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 0 0. 0
3, 099 2. 140 1, 887 1. 824 2, 018 2, 161 1. 817 2. 305 1. 470
6. 2 5. 4 8. 8 47 7. 9 8. 4 8. 0 7. 0 5. 1
37 28 43 0 0 47 43 2ノ l 2ノ l
0. 0 0
( ‖ ) 0
0, 0 0
0 0
0. 0 0
0. 0 0
0. 0 10
0. 0 9
20. 0 11. 1
(2)ドorlIY1952.lota.bcIwc ^pri−1952andJanuary1953(TotaIsuptothcendorJanuaryf・orthc.ndustriaIManuraeturclnspcctionlnstituteandt)istrict MaritimcIiurcaus)
草 野 等 併
㌘ ふ 血 ︵
− 謡 N 罰
︶
Table12 EffectofExportPromotionMeasuresbyTypeofTrade(MarineVessels)
( A
ト・一 心
)
【、、○