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(1)

The Effect ofJapanese Export Promotion Systems,1950〜1970

Tai Teramura

1.lntroduction

Thisarticlewillelucidatetotheextentpossiblein what way and to what degreeeachexportpromotionpolicymeasureinJapanprovedeffectivein

thelightofitspolicyobjective.

TobeglnWith,thereisnotnecessarilyanestablishedopinionregardingthe

effects ofJapan sindustrialpolicy or export promotion policy measures

onthenation,seconomicgrowth orexportexpansion・Forinstance,While

ChalmersJohnsonin his MITI and theJapanese Miracle 1applauds

Japan Spoliciesincludingherdoubletierbankingsystem,fiscalinvestment

andadvance,eXpOrtprOmOtionmeasures,fiercecompetitionamongdiffer−

entlines of banks,COmprehensive regulation of forelgn CurrenCy and the preferentialtaxsystemforbusinessesfor whichJapan wasreferred to as

businessman sparadise ,forhavlnghadtheeffectsofgreatlycontributing

to her post−War high growth ,ToshimasaTsurutacontends that Japan

owesherhighgrowth,SOphisticationofindustrialstructureandstrength−

enlngOfexport competitiveness realizedin the1960slargely to the prlCe mechanism which functioned almost satisfactorily and to the voluntary choiceofbusinessesandtheiradaptivecapacity rather than herindustrial

policy 2andthatgovernmentinterventionoftenhadtheadverseeffect of

impalrlngprOperfunctionlngOfthemarketmechanism・

Thema]OrreaSOnforthisgreatdifferenceinevaluationliesinthedifficulty

(2)

toquantitativelymeasuretheeffectsofaneconomic policy・For example,

assumlngthata policy hadtheeffectofexpandingexports of a certain product,itispossible to quantify howmuchitsexternalcompetitiveness has been enhancedin terms of prlCe aSpeCt,butit would be difficult to isolateand quantify the effectifit weresuch factor asimprovement of porductquality(forinstancebyimprovementoftheexportproductinspec−

tionsystem).Another reasonis the diverse policies for exploitation of overseasmarketsbeingdeployed,OneOntOpOftheother,SuChasimprovlng theinformationcollectionsystemandstrengthenlng the trading firms,SO

thattheireffectsalsooverlap.AIso,althoughtheindustrydeslgnatedasa

prlOrityindustry by governmentintervention may enJOy eXpanSionary effect,SuChapolicyusuallyhasanegativeeffectonthegrowthof nonpr1−

0rityindustriesbecausethey are not allocatedthe resources whichshould have been allocated to them,anditis extremely difficult to measure whetherthebalanceofthoseopposlng effectsimplies positive or negative

functionofthepolicytowardexportexpansionandeconomicgrowth.What

ismore,iftheeconomylSaClosedone,reSOurCeallocationaccordingtothe marketmechanismmaytheoreticallybeconsideredoptimal;butthereality

isthatresourceallocationwhich ought to beimplemented domestically

isregulatedbyactualconditions of competingindustries existing abroad,

anditis not necessarily sure that allocating resources according to the marketmechanismwithinonecountryalonewillinfactresultinoptimum

allocation.Carrylngthelogictoextremes,ifacountrylacks anyindustry

withinternationalcompetitiveness,themosteffectivepolicy may presum−

ablybetopreferentiallydevelop anindustry whichis anticipated to have

thehighestvalue−addedandthelargesttrickle−downeffect.

TheanalysISin this paragraphislimitative,but as a first step,data on monetaryvalue,numberofcaseshandled or extent of business expansion,

aswellastheireffectsdiscussedforeachtypeofbusinessor product cate−

gorywillbeanalyzedforeachpolicyitemofthe export promotion policy,

asfaraspossible.Theperiodoftime examinedin this paragraphis from

2(435)

(3)

The Effect ofJapanese ExportPromotionSystems,1950〜1970

around1950when export promotion measures began to be consolidated untilaround1970.

2.ExportFinanclng

Asapolicyfinanclngforpromotingexport,theexportbillsystemandthe loanlngSyStempledgedonforelgneXChangebytheBankofJapanandex−

portfinancingbytheExport−ImportBankofJapan(EXIM)areavailable.

Whiletheformertwosystemsmainlyprovideshorttermexportfinanclng,

theschemebytheEXIMBank provideslong term financlng for marine

VeSSels,industrialplantsandthelike.Tableslthrough3showestimated

interestreductioneffectsrespectivelyforeachofthesethreeschemes,While Table4showstheratioofthesumofinterestreductionandtheoutstanding balanceofloansagalnSttheamountofexports・Sinceloansforexportsof marinevesselsaccountedforthelargestshareofloansaccommodatedby

theEXIMBank,Table5showstheratiosofinterestreductiontoprofit

beforetaxforthefourmaJOrShipbuildingcompanies.

TheinterestratesofthesethreefinanclngSChemeswereconsiderablylow.

Loansundertheexportbillfinancingschemewaschangedatlto3%lower andloansundertheforeignexchangeloaningscheme4to5%lower(which

differencedeclinedtothe2%marksince1965)thantheinterestf。r 。ther

loans(ordiscounts)onbond inthecaseoftheBankofJapan.Th。inter。St

ChargedfortheexportfinanclngloansoftheEXIMBankwasalsolower by4to5%Comparedtothedomesticlongtermloaninterestrate。fthe

LongTermCreditBankofJapan.Theschemewhichwasutilizedfrom the VeryStartWaStheexportbillsystem,buttheamountofloans(ordiscounts)

didnotgrowmuch・Instead,loanspledgedonforelgneXChangegrewsince around1960presumablybecausetheinterest rate waslower than other Similarshorttermloans・Thegrowth of export financlng by the EXIM Bank,alongtermfinanclngSCheme,WaSalsoremarkable.Ofcoursethe

amountofJapaneseexportsitselfhadgrownremarkablydurlngthisperiod,

(4)

andthiswasaccompaniedbyagrowthintheamountofsuch schematic loansanddiscounts.Areviewoftheratiosofthecombinedtotaloutstanding

balanceofloansanddiscountstototalexportsdurlngeaChyearshowsthat

therateofloanutilizationincreasedyearlyfromaround10%inthelatter halfofthe1950sto36%in1970.

Next,letusseehowmuchinterestwassavedbythoselowinterestbearing loans.As shownin Table4,the totalamount ofinterest reductionis

estimatedtohavebeenaround0.5%tol.0%ofthetotalexportvaluessince 1955,Whichisnotnecessarilylargeasexportsubsidies・However,JuStaS financlngbytheEXIMBankwasconcentratedonexportsofmarinevessels anindustrialplants,theeffectsof thoselowinterest bearlngloans are consideredtohavebeendifferentforeachtypeofindustry・Thus,itwould beunreasonabletodisregardthispointandjudgetheeffectsofthoselow interestbearlngloansmerelyintermsoftheratioofinterestreductionto thetotalamountofexport・Inviewofthis,Table5reviewstheeffectsof

financlngbytheEXIMBankforthefourrepresentativeshipbuildingcom−

paniesofJapanasanexample・Thefiguresareonlyforfiscalyears1965

and1967,buttheTableshowsthattheamountofinterestreductionesti一

matedfromtheoutstandingbalanceofloansextendedtoeachofthecom−

paniesbytheEXIMBankaccountedfor40to65%ofthenetprofitbefore taxoftheeachofthreecompaniesotherthanMitsubishiHeavyIndustries whoseshipbuildingsegmentwasoutweighedby other business segments・

anditisapparentfromthisthattheprofitsofthesethreecompanieswould havebeenapproximatelyhalvedwereitnotforthelowinterest bearlng

loansmadeavailablebytheExport一ImportBankofJapan・AIso,aSShown

laterinTable12,theeffectofinterestreductionasaresult offinanclng

bytheEXIMBankaloneamountedtoaround5%ofmarinevesselexport

valuesincearound1960.Asof1958−1959, Ship prlCeS OfJapan were5to

6%lowercomparedtothoseofWesternrivalcountries 3and since the

lownessofshipprlCeSWaSthemaJOrfactorwhichcausedJapan smarine

vesselexportstoexpand,WemayCOnCludethatlowinterestfinanclnghad

4(433)

(5)

TheEffectofJapaneseExportPromotionSystems,1950〜1970

playedabigrolealongwithotherexportpromotionmeasures.

Asabove,itmaybepointedoutthatthesalientfeaturesofJapan,spolicy−

guidedexportfinanclngdurlngthisperiodwere,firstly・aSaneXpOrtSubsidy,

itstotalamountwasnotnecessarilylarge;SeCOndly,aSWitnessedbythe

expansionofexportfinanclngbytheEXIMBank・lowinterestbearlngloans,

WereprOVidedtostrateglCindustriessuchasmarinevessels,rOllingstock andotherplantsonaprioritybasiswhichwereconsideredtohavehadan expansionaryeffectonexportsbyitsactionofmarglnallylowelngthe PrlCeSOfthoseindustries;andthirdly・ithadcomplementedfinanclngOf areasinvoIvinglongcredittermandlargeunitsizeloanswhichweredifficult forprlVatefinanclngduetothesizeoftherequiredfundandrisksinvoIved.

3・ExportPromot.ngTaxationSystem

Therearenegativeviewswithrespecttotheeffectivenessoftheexport promotingtaxationsystemonthegroundsthattheamountofconcession

COrreSpOndstoasubsidyofonlyaround1%ofthetotalamountofexports

asshowninTable6・( ForeignTradeandDirectInvestment byMotoshige

ItoandKazuharuSeino・ IndustrialPolicyofJapan editedbyKomlyaet

al・)・Itmaycertainlybesoclaimedaslongastheamountoftaxconcession iscomparedtothetotalamountofexports,butwhenone considers the factthatthelargestobjectiveforintroduclngthissystemwastostrengthen thetradingfirms,aneXaminationofitseffectbytypeoftradeisconsidered necessary・Thisisbecauseeachofthediverseexportpromotionmeasures hasitsownspecificfieldwhichitintendstoprotectandfosteronaprlOrity basis・anditisnecessarytoclarifywhatsortofeffecteachofthemhas hadonitsrespectivetargetfieldortypeoftrade・Tables7and81istthe dataontheeffectsoftheexportpromotingtaxationsystembytypeof

tradeonlyatacertainpointoftimebetweenMay1959through1SXX).Table

7reviewstheratioofdeductionsresultingfrom theExceptions to Tax

(6)

Lawstothetotaljncomeofma]OrCOrpOrationsbytypeoftrade・Thetrades

withahighratioofexportincomedeductionwerefisheries・rubberproduct

manufacturlng,COmmerCe,tranSpOrtationequlpmentmanufacturlng・etC・

Incontrast,preCisioninstrumentandmachinerymanufacturlng・teXtileand metalworkingmaybesaidto have mainly utilized the deductions made availablebyotherexceptionstothetaxlaws・Asthedataofthesetables areinrelationtothetotalincomesofbusinessesincludingdomesticincomes・

theydonotindicatetheweightof exportincome deductions relative to

exportitself・Table8reviews]uStthis・Accordingtothistable,aSfaras

somel00andoddenterprlSeSareCOnCerned,mOrethanhalfoftheirexport

incomes have been deducted,and furthermore,SuCh trades as commerce,

rubberproductmanufacturlng,flourmilling・metalworking,printing,Oil andcoalproductmanufacturlngandmarinetransporthavereceived80to

90%deductions,Whichmeansthatasfarasexportisconcerned,theywere

almosttotallyexemptedfromtaxes・Itisworthyofspecialnotethatpar−

ticularlythetradingfirmswhichprovidedtheoccasionforinduclngthis

systemwerestillen]Oylngpreferentialtreatmentevenatthispointintime・

Accordingly,althoughtheexportpromotingtaxationsysteminJapanhad

littleeffectasasubsidytosubstantiallyreduceexportproductprlCeS,We

canJuStifiablysaythatithadbroughtaboutamaJOreffectinrevamplng

thecorporatestrengthoftradingfirmswhichwasitsinitialobjectiveand,

asthesametime,made a certain contribution to export promotion by favorlngeXpOrtSintermsoftaxes・

4.Exportlnsurance

The exportinsurance system,unlike export subsidies,does not directly affectprlCeSbutcontributestoexportpromotionbyitsindirecteffectof havlngthegovernmenttakeoverallrisksinvoIvedin export・Especially durlngthisparticularperiodwhen development of the nonlifeinsurance systemintheprlVateSeCtOrWaSStillinadequateinJapanandthecondition

6(431)

(7)

The Effect ofJapaneseExport PromotionSystems,1950〜1970

wassuchthatevaluationofrisksinvoIvedinexportwasdifficult,theeffects Ofsuchagovernmentinsurancesystemareconsideredtohavebeengreat.

AsseeninTable9theexportinsurancesystemwasgraduallyexpandedand

strengthenedmainly around ordinary exportinsurance,and the amount insuredsteadilygrew・Byfiscal1970,thetotalamountinsured wasmore

thanhalfofallexportvalues・Although morethanhalf maynotquite

accuratebecauseinsurancebegantobesetup at many stages concerned Withexportasthesystemimproved,itisapparentthatthedemand for

thissystemwashighinviewofthefactthattheutilizationofthegeneral

exportinsurance,Whichwasthecoreof this system,greW aS far as to

accountfor20to30%ofexportvalues.

Inordertoavoidduplication・generalexportinsuranceonlywastakenup inTablelOanditscontentsexaminedforchanges.Itsfirstsalientfeature isthatblanketinsurancesonimportantexportproductscarryanoverwhe1−

mlnglylargeweightwhileindividualinsuranceshaveonlyasmallweight.

Secondly・amOngblanketinsurances,theamountofinsuranceespeciallyon marinevesselsgreatlyexceedstheactualexportvalue・Forexportofmarine VeSSelswhicharestronglycharacterizedasmanufacturlngtO Orders,the minimizationofrisks underthisinsuranceisconsideredtohavehadalarge exportexpandingeffect・Theblanketinsuranceonrollingstockisanother Withanalmostsimilarcoveragetothatonships.Theblanketinsurance OnmaChineryand equlpment under a specialcontract with theJapan MachineryExportAssociationisapplicabletoplantexports,butexcluding

Shipsandrollingstockalreadycoveredby blanketinsurances,and when COmparedwiththevalueofplantexportsexcludingtheaforesaidtwoitems,

itscoveragehasbeenhigh50tofX)%sincelSXX).TheexportproceedinsmanCe

Whichcommandsautilizationratenextonlytogeneralexportinsurance COVerSmainlythe riskin collecting bills for plant exports,andif this insuranceiscombined・theexportinsurancesystemduringthesaidperiod

maybeconsideredtohavebeenlargelycharacterizedashavlngbeenapplied

(8)

tostrateglCeXpOrtindustriessuchasmarinevessels,rOllingstockand plantswhicharethefieldswheretheamountsinvoIvedarelargeandrisks wererelativelydifficulttoevaluate・Inthissense,thesignificanceofthe existenceofsaidsystemmaybeconsideredtohavebeenfargreaterthan

itsweightinthetotalexportvalue・

5.ExportProductInspectionSystem

Theexportproductinspectionsystemwasestablishedinl別8asthe Export

productControIAct inordertoenhanceoverseasevaluationofJapanese

exportproductsandthuspromoteexports,andthesystemwasimproved afteranumberofrevisionssince・The1951revisionpavedthewaytocom−

pulsorylnSpeCtionbyprlVateagenCiesbutthenumberofinspectionagencies ofathirdpartynaturewassmall・Becauseofthis・theinspectionswerenot alwaysfairandjust・Anon−the−SpOtinspectionby a governmentagency

(theIndustrialProductInspectionlnstitute)infiscal1952exposedmany violationsoftherules.Therewasalsoseverecompetitionintheoverseas marketswhichledtodumplngatlowprlCeS・Thegovernmentfearedthat suchasituationwouldgivetheexportdestinationsanexcusetoraisetariffs

anddecided。nadrasticrevisionofthesystemin1953・(SeeVol・6, AHistory

ofMITIPolicies ).

AsseeninTablell,the1953revisionbecametheturnlngpOinttowarda sharpdeclineinthepercentagerateoftroubles,andtheevaluationof Japaneseproducts begantorisegradually・The November1956survey

c。nductedthroughJapaneseembassiesandlegationsabroad disclosed an

increasednumberofcommentslikeHthequalityofmostproductshasbeen remarkablyimprovedcomparedtotheprewaryearsorJuStSeVeralyears

ago (LosAngeles)or therecentevaluationofJapanese productsis

graduallyimprovlnganddrivlnganddrivlngaWaythebadreputationof

cheapbutpoor ofyearsago (NewYork)・( OverseasCriticismsAgainst

JapaneseExportProducts bytheForeignExchangeStudySociety)・Onthe

β(429)

(9)

The Effect ofJapanese Export PromotionSystems,1950〜1970

0therhand,however,therewerenotafewcriticismslike〟theusers,reliance

onJapaneseproductsislow,・・・andforproductsofthesamespecifications.

thegeneraltendency(inIran)isnottoorderJapaneseproductsunlessthe priceismorethan20%lowerthancomparableWesternproducts ,andthe occasionoftheinferiorqualityfountainpenissueinthefallof19561edto theestablishmentoftheExportInspectionLawbytheoverallrevisionof theExportProductInspectionAct.

Itis difficult to numerically measure the effect of the export product inspectionsystem・butasthedecliningpercentageratesoftroublesasseen inTablellshowsitisconsideredtohavehadafavorableeffectinpromoting exportsbyimprovlngthequalityofJapaneseproducts.

6.ShortSummary

TheresultsoftheforegolngeXaminationmaybesummarizedasfollows.

Firstly・thedirectprlCereductioneffectcannotbesaidtohavebeenlarge Whenseeninterms ofits totalamount because even when theinterest reductioneffectofexportfinanclngandtheamountoftaxreductionmade possibleby theexportpromotingtaxationsystem werecombined,they

accountedforonlyabout2%oftotalexportvalue・However,bothexport

financlngandtheexportpromotingtaxationsystemwereappliedtostra−

teglCindustrieswithpriority,andinthecaseofmarinevesselexportsand thelike,thesesystemsareconsideredtohavehadtheeffectoflowerlng exportprlCeSatleastbyafewpercentagepointsthanistheyweretoutiiize OrdinarylongtermfinanclngOftheprivatesector,and wereimportant elementsinsupportingthelownessofJapaneseproductprlCeSinthearena Ofinternationalcompetition.

Secondly,aSanindirectexportpromotingeffect,theslgnificance of the

factthatthegovernmenthadtakenovertherisksassociatedwithoverseas

(10)

exportmaybeclaimednottohavebeensmallasseenbytheimprovement oftheexportinsurancesystemandexpansionintheamountofitsutiliza−

tion.ThissystemwasalsoappliedtosuchstrateglCindustriesasmarine vesselsandplantsonaprlOritybasis,andasthesewerefieldsthatwere difficulttobeinsuredbydomesticandforelgnnOnlifeinsurancecompanies durlngtheperiodconcerned,thedevelopmentandoperationofsuchan exportinsurancesystemisconsideredtohavehadalargeeffectinenhanclng

theexport一mindofthosetypeofindustryandtohaveexpandedexports,

thoughcomplementarily・Onexportfinanclng,tOO,itseffectonthebusiness

behaviorofbusinessenterprlSeSWhichwereglVenforreadyaccesstofinan−

clngbasedongovernmentpolicyforexportitems,forwhichprlVatefinan一

cingwasdifficulttoobtain,SeemStOhavebeenevengreaterthantheprlCe reduclngeffectmentionedasthefirstitem・

Onthewhole,thefundamentalnatureofJapan,sdirectexportpromotion measureswasnotsomuchastoencourageafloodingofhugesubsidies

whichmighthaveimpededratherthanstrengthenedcompetitveness・Its

largestcharacteristiclayinhavlngamaJOreffectinleadingandorienting strateglCeXpOrtindustriestowardexportexpansionbylesseningfinancial burdensandrisksassociatedwithexports・Ofcourse,aSmentionedearlier inthisparagraph,thereseemstobesomeroomforfurtherexamination astowhethertheaforesaidcharacterizationstillapplieswhentheeffects

ofvariousotherpolicieswereconsideredincombination・

(Notes)1.ChalmersJohnson・1982,MITIandtheJapaneseMiracle−

TheG,。Wth。fIndustrialPolicy1925−75・(Translatedinto JapaneseundertheeditorialsupervisionofToshihikoYano,

1982,TBSBritanica).pp.259−2620ftranslatedversion・

2.T。ShimasaTs。,uta, TheHighGrowthEra (Chapter2,

TheIndustrialPolicyofJapan,,editedbyRyutaroKomlya・

Masahiro Okuno and Kotaro Suzumura,February1984,

TokyoUniversityPrintingSociety)P・76・

JO(427)

(11)

TheEffectofJapaneseExportPromotionSystems,1950〜1970

3・ShintaroHayashi, DiscussionsonJapan,sMachineryEx−

ports ,1961,p・142.

※Thisarticleistherevisioninafewpointsofmywork significanceof

ExportPromotionSystems (2・2・ ExportPromotionpolicy−Lessons

fromJapaneseExperience− editedbyEnglneerlngConsultingFirms

Association,March1991).

(12)

(Unilsin¥l00mi ionand%p・a・)

ll(U e x 。r t b ill (d i父 O u n t ) H M e x p o rt b ill (lo a n ) tia n k r a Lc s (T O K Y O )

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Ⅰ)isC O u n t l」0 8 n

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  P

慧 訂 (ド)= C 一 茂 諾 鵠 l00

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1)k e o u n t (J )= .,− 1 禁 霊 豊 g 措 .00

ra te (t ) l(,a 。(K )

F Y

19 5 1 9 .帥 %    9 .3 0 % 5 .1 1 %    5 .8 4 %

5 ,朗 % 0 .0 % 9 0

6 .2 1 0 .3 6 4 0 ・0 1

6 .2 1 0 .3 6 8 0 ・0 3

6 .2 1 0 .3 6 3 1 0 ・1 1

6 .2 1 0 .3 6 4 0 ・0 1

6 .2 1 ト8 2 2 7 0 ・4 9

6 .5 7 1 .8 3 8 0 1 ・4 6

6 .2 1 2 .9 2 4 2 1 ・2 3

5 .4 8 2 .19 3 7 0 ・8 1

5 .8 4 2 .19 両 0 ・舗

5 .1 1 2 .19 t肌 2 ・2 8

4 .7 5 3 .2 8 19 1 6 ・2 6

4 .3 8 2 .5 6 2 1 5 5 ・5 0

4 .3 8 2 .9 2 3 9 2 1 1 ・4 5

ィ.3 8 2 .5 6 5 8 4 14 ・9 5

4 .3 8 1 .8 3 6 19 1 1 月3

4 .3 8 1 .8 3 7 6 8 1 1 ・0 5

4 .3 8 2 .5 6 8 8 6 2 2 t槌

4 .3 8 2 .19 1 .2 4 2 2 7 ・碓

4 .5 0 2 .0 7 1 ,3 肌 26 朋

19 5 2 9 .3 3      9 .0 4 5 .8 4      6 .5 7 5 .朗    0 .0    15 9     0 19 5 3 9 .2 6     8 .9 5 5 .8 4      6 .5 7 5 .糾    0 .0    14 0     0 19 5 ノl 9 .2 6     9 .0 5 5 .8 4      6 .5 7 5 .8 4    0 .0     2 00     0 19 5 5 8 .8 9     8 .7 2 5 .8 4      6 .5 7 5 朋    0 .0    1 19     0 19 5 6 8 .3 7      8 .19 7 .3 0     8 .0 3 5 .8 4    1 .4 6    1 1 2    1 ・6 3 1 9 5 7 8 .8 5     8 .5 3 7 .6 7      8 .4 0 6 .2 1   1 .4 6   1 餌     2 ・3 4 19 5 8 8 .4 2      8 .2 1 8 .4 0     9 .1 3 5 .8 4    2 .5 6    15 6     3 朋 19 5 9 8 .16     8 .0 9 6 .9 4      7 .6 7 5 .1 1   1 .8 3    18 6     3 ・4 0 1% 0 8 .0 8     8 .0 8 7 .3 0     8 .0 3 5 .4 8    1 .8 2    1 7 7     3 ・2 2 1 % 1 8 .2 3     8 .19 6 .5 7      7 .3 0 小7 5    1 .8 2    2 3 1    4 ・2 0 1% 2 8 .12     8 .0 7 7 .3 0     8 .0 3 4 .3 8    2 .9 2    2 4 1    7 ・0 4 l!絡3 7 .6 0     7 .7 1 6 .2 1     6 .9 4 4 .0 2    2 .19    2 5 0     5 ・4 8 1 兆 4 8 .00     7 .9 8 6 .5 7      7 .3 0 4 .0 2    2 .5 5    3 5 5     9 月5 1 !絡 5 7 .4 6     7 .6 7 6 .2 1     6 .9 ノl 4 .0 2    2 .19    3 5 5     7 ・7 7 1% 6 7 ,1 7     7 .4 6 5 .4 8      6 .2 1 十0 2    1 .4 6    4 0 2     5 ・8 7 1% 7 7 .1 7     7 .4 3 5 ,4 8     6 .2 1 4 .0 2    日 6    4 8 1    7 ・0 2 1 9 (迫 7 .2 2     7 .4 5 6 .2 1     6 .9 4 4 .0 2    2 .19    6 3 1   13 ・8 2

1% 9 19 7 0

7 .4 9  7 .6 5 7 .5 3  7 .7 6

5 .8 1 6 .5 7 6 .2 5  6 .7 5

4 .0 2 1 .8 2  7 6 5 13 ・9 2

4 .2 5  2 .00  鯛 7 19 ・馴

(N o t ) (1 ) T h e b a n k in te re s t o r J a p a n 【 1)a t a l

(2 ) O u s t a n d in g b a Ia n

is th c m e a n a n n u a I ra t c e r rcc t iY C d u r in g th c m o n th o r l加 m b c r c a c h y c a r (a cc o rd in g to ・・一1h e C cn t n Ia I I I.s to ry o r t h c lla n k io o k p p ^2 8 −4 3 0 )・O t h c r ra t cs a rc a S O r th c c n d o r M a rc h o r ca c h y ca r・

cc s a rc a s o f th e cn d o r M a r ch o r ca c h y c a r ・(一)iu o I P P ・3 2 日 2 5 )・

(3)li(1)discountratcsandIoanraLcsarcthchighcstraLcs・

翠 翠 等 肝 で ふ 止 ︵

− 笠 N 欄

(13)

Table2EstimatedEffectofExportFinancing−(2)BOJSystemofLendingPledgedonForeignExchange

F Y

n O J o rdin a ry lJO an ratCS O n rO rClg n O u Lsta n d in g ba Ia ncc o r Ioa n s

( l) ) = 八一日       ( 11: ) =C X l) ハ 00

loa n ra tes (∧) excha n ge ( lり O r rO rC短n cxcha ng c ( C )

195 1 1952

% p . a . 5. 84 6 . 57

% p . a .

1. 83

¥ 1( m m iHio n  0  0 %

4. 7ノ l

¥ 100 m 川io n 0

1953 6 . 57 16 0 0. 76

1954 6 . 57 1. 83 57 4 . 7ノ l 2 . 7

1955 6. 57 1. 28 16ノ 1 5 . 29 8 . 7

1956 8. 0 3 2. 34 177 5. 6 9 10. 1

1957 8 . 40 2. 9 2 29 7 5. 48 16. 3

1958 9 . 13 1. 82 3ノ 15 7. 32 25 . 3

1959 7. 67 2 . 55 53 1 5 . 12 27 . 2

1兆 0 8 . 03 4 . 0 1 526 4. 0 2 2 1. 1

1% 1 7 . 30 2. 92 鎚) 3 4 . 38 35. 2

1淡; 2 8. 03 2. 555 1, 522 5 . 175 83 . 3

】 鮎 3 6. 94 2 . 555 1, 978 4. 385 86 . 7

l淡; 4 7. 30 2 . 555 2 , 88 9 4. 7ノ 15 137 . 1

1% 5 6 . 94 3. 65 3, 829 3. 29 126 . 0

1兆 6 6. 2 1 3 . 65 4 , 4 17 2 . 56 ‖3 . 1

l淡; 7 6. 2 1 3 . 65 4 , 08 3 3. 29 13/ 1. 3

1% 8 6. 94 3. 65 6, ( 裕6 3. 29 199 . 6

1! Xi9 6 . 57 3. 65 8 , 513 2. 92 2ノ 19 . 5

1970 6. 75 4 . 0 0 11, 税目                       2. 75 3 I9 . 0

(N o tcs ) ( 1) H O J o rd ina ry rate rcrcrs t0 − o thcr ra tcs o r lo a ns sccu rcd o n pa pcr.

T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r

− P r O m O

− i

O n

S y

s t

e m

s L

琶 ユ

3

(14)

ト_▲

ヰゝ

CJ

(U。itsin¥l00mi ionand%p・a・)

F Y

A Y e r a g e lo 8 n r a eS

r h l T m l o a n S b IくX IM K X I M lla n k lo a n ドrr ec t iv e  r a t eS 1‡a la n C e O r lt a te s

(h ts t a n d in g b a la n Ce o r H X t M l‡a n k

A m o u n t o r lo a n re d u c t io n O t e −O n g l e r

C re d it Il a n k o r J a p a n (∧ )

■  y

Ii a n k (li )

r a tes (C ) 1)= C /ll E = 八 一 Ⅰ) e x p o rt lo a n S   tJ G = ド × 11 /100

¥ l00  ー11● n

1 9 5 1 19 5 2 19 5 3 19 5 4 1 9 5 5

% 9 .8 9 1 9 .8 9 1 9 .8 9 1 9 .9 5 3 9 .9 5 3

¥ l00 m illio n 4 0 .18 6 2 .8 5 7 5 .1 3 17 0 .6 0 3 4 7 .3

¥ l(M m illio n 4 .n 8 5 .2 9 4 .3 4 9 .3 7 1 7 .0 2

% 10 .1 54

8 .4 17 5 .7 7 7 5 .4 9 2 4 .舗 1

_0 .2 6 3 1 .4 7 ノl 4 .1 日 4 .4 6 1 5 .0 5 2

¥ l (氾 m l1110 n 6 9 .8 0 5 5 .tX ) 9 3 .9 8 2 4 4 .9 4 3 7 .4

m l 10

_0 .18 0 .8 2 3 .8 7 1 0 .9 2 2 2 .10 19 5 6

19 5 7 19 5 8 19 5 9 1潔犯 1!絡 l

10 .2 5 6 9 .4 潔)

9 .3 8 4 9 .3 9 1 9 .3 ノ10 9 3 6 6

5 4 1 .7 6 3 7 .1 6 4 9 .2 8 0 1 .3 1 17 3 16 9 5

2 6 .2 2 9 .2 2 8 .1 3 0 .5 5 2 .5 7 2 .4

4 .8 3 7 4 .5 8 3 4 .3 2 8 3 .8 鵬 4 ,4 7 6 4 .2 7 1

5 .4 1 9 4 .tX )7 5 .0 5 6 5 .5 8 5 4 .8 6 4 5 .0 9 5

6 2 2 .1 5 7 5 .1 5 4 1 .4 7 2 0 ,6 1 .(X 氾 1 .4 7 7

3 0 .5 3 2 8 .2 2 2 7 .3 7 4 0 .2 5 4 8 .6 4 7 5 .2 5

1% 2 9 2 6 0 2 2 9 8          9 8 .9 4 .3 0 ノl 4 .9 5 6 l ,9 5 7 9 6 .9 9

1% 3 9 1 3 6 3 0 18 12 9 4 .2 7 4 4 .8 6 2 2 ,56 5 12 ′1.7 1

1 !絡4 8 9 8 6 3 9 7 1 1 7 4 4 .4 2 6 4 .5 6 0 3 .3ノ19 15 2 .7 1

1% 5 8 9 17 4 9 2 8 2 2 1 4 .4 8 5 4 .4 3 2 3 .8 6 5 17 1 .3 0

1% 6 8 7 4 5 6 2 17 2 7 2 4 .3 7 5 4 .3 7 0 5 ,∝絡 2 1 8 .7 6

1% 7 8 ノ15 7 8 0 3 3 3 5 6 4 ,4 3 2 4 .0 2 5 6 .2 5 5 2 5 1 .7 6

1 兆 8 8 3 7 7 9 % 9          4 6 6 4 .6 7 4 3 .7 0 1 7 ,5 7 5        2 8 0 ・3 5

l!絡9 8 .3 1 1 1 2 0 1 6          5 8 0 4 .8 2 7 3 .4 8 ノー 9 .3 7 1        3 2 6 1 9

19 7 0 8 .3 2 0 1 4 5 5 6   7 3 6

^ v c r a g c o r th c b cg i n ln g a n d e n d o r th e

● d r

5 .0 5 6 3 .2 6 4 l l ,3 7 0        3 7 日 2

     p er 10 1g u reS

(N o t c ) (l ) (^ ):a C CO rd in g to t h c ta rg c Ls o r rin a n cia l a n d m o n c t a ry st a t k L ic s ・(一り −‥a C C O rd in g to t h 州 s to r y o f T h ir ty Y ca 帽 ・ o r t h c にx p o rt −tm P O rt li a n k

(2)1.oan(H)kthcavcrageaHhebcginningandthccndorcachpcriodaccordingtothcba)anccshcct

(3)(C)‥aCCOrdingtothestatcmcntorPrOritandJo∬・

(15)

Table4 EstimatedEffectofExportFinancing−(4)EstimatedTotalAm。unt

OfInterestReductionanditsRatiotoExportValue

U n its in ¥ 】(カ m illio n

F Y

T a b k l T a b le 2 rIla b k  3 1 10 t a l a m o u n t o r li a tio n to to t a l T 0 ta l 0 日tSt a n d in g li a Lio n t o lo ta I

‖         1. に (】 lo a n re d u c tio n e x p o r t v a lu e a m o u n l o ‖ o a n s

a n d d isc o u n ts

e x p o r い ・a lu e

19 5 1 0 0 0 −0 .18

¥ l00−0 .m illio n 18 %

0 .00

¥ 日刀 m iH o n 36 0 %

7 .4

1 9 5 2 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .8 2 0 ,8 3 0 .0 2 2 】9 4 .8

】9 5 3 0 0 .0 3 0 .7 6 3 .8 7 4 .6 6 0 .10 2 5 8 5 .6

19 54 0 0 .1 1 2 .7 10 .9 2 Ⅰ3 .7 0 .2 3 5 9 3 10 .1

19 5 5 0 0 .0 1 8 .7 2 2 .10 3 0 .8 0 .4 3 7 3 7 10 .2

1 9 5 6 1 .6 3 0 .4 9 10 .1 3 0 .5 3 4 2 ,7 0 .1 7 9 3 8 10 .4

19 5 7 2 .3 4 1 .4 6 】6 .3 2 8 .2 2 4 8 .3 0 .1 7 1,1 1 2 10 .8

19 5 8 3 .9 9 1.2 3 2 5 .3 2 7 .3 7 5 7 .9 0 .5 6 l ,0 8 ノl 10 ,5

19 5 9 3 .4 0 0 .8 1 2 7 .2 4 0 .2 5 7 1 .7 0 .5 8 り 7 5 1 1 .9

1 潔氾 3 .2 2 0 .9 6 2 1 .1 1 8 .64 7 3 .9 0 .5 1 1 ,7 4 7 】2 .0

柑引 4 .2 0 2 ,2 8 3 5 .2 7 5 .2 5 ‖6 .9 0 .7 7 2 .6 1 5 17 .1

1兆 2 7 ,0 4 6 .2 6 8 3 .3 9 6 .9 9 19 3 .6 1 .0 9 3 ,9 1 1 2 2 .1

1兆 3 5 .伯 5 .5 0 8 6 .7 1 2 4 .7 1 2 2 7 .9 1 .16 5 ,00 8 2 5 .5

1 鋤 9 .0 5 1 1 .4 5 13 7 .1 1 5 2 .7 1 3 10 .3 1 .2 9 6 ,9 8 5 2 9 .】

19 6 5 7 .7 7 1ノト9 5 12 6 .0 1 7 1 .3 0 3 2 0 .0 1 .0 5 8 ,6 3 3 2 8 .4

1 96 6 5 .8 7 1 1 .3 3 1 13 .1 2 i8 .7 6 3 ′19 .1 0 .9 9 】0 ,小目 2 9 .7

1% 7 7 .0 2 日 .n 5 】3 ノー.3 2 5 1 .7 6 1 0 7 .1 1 .0 8 日 ,5 8 7 3 0 .8

1兆 8 t 3 .8 2 2 2 .6 8 l!相.6 2 8 0 .3 5 5 16 .5 1 .1 1 15 ,1 5 8 3 2 .5

1% 9 1 3 .9 2 2 7 .8 6 2 ノI9 .5 3 2 6 .4 9 6 1 7 .8 ト0 7 1 9 ,9 2 1 3 ノ1 .6

19 7 0 19 .7 ノー 2 6 .9 9 3 19 .0 3 7 1 .12 7 3 7 .1 日光 2 5 .2 7 2 3 6 .3

T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e s e E 眉 O r

− P r O ヨ 0

− i O n S y s t e m s 二 琶 〜

− 3

(16)

o f J a p a n f o r th e M a jo r S h ip b u ild in g C o m p a n ) e S

C om pany nam e

( h tstanding balance or ト : X IM H ank loans

ドisCa1 1%5 ( H stim ates)

霊 慧 t Or N et prorit rcduction ( ∧) bcrorc ta x (lI)

∧/ Il

( h tstanding balance or H X IM liank loa ns

lJiscaI 1%7 ( ト : stim ateS)

霊 芸 : t Or N et prorit rcduction ( C ) bcrorc ta x (l) )

】 ) / C

lshikaw aJlm a 一 日arim a Ileavy lndustries

H itaChi Shipbuilding

M itsui Shipbuilding

M itSubishi lleavy Tndustrics

¥l00 m illion ¥l( M m i ion ¥100 m illion % ¥100 m illion ¥l( M m im on ¥l00 m illion % 6ノ lJ

65. 7

42. 1

11. 6 426. 7

2tX) . 1

200 . 0

699 . 8

18. 9

12. 9

8. 9

31. 0

39. 8

29. 4

17. 8

161. 8

47. 5

43. 9

50, 0

19. 2

1122. 7

47ノ ー . 9

118. 6

! 賞; 3. 8

15. 2

19. 1

16. 8

38 . 8

70. 2

29. 1

39 . 9

33人6

(So urcc) Ⅰ baIancc or lくX IM H ank loans or cach com pany ( √ igurcd out rrom thc N cgotia blc S∝uritics − tcport or cach com pany・T hc am ount or intcn st rcduction w as cstim atcd by m u) avcragc o r thc rigurcs at thc bcginning and thc cnd or thc tcrm )by thc raLc o r intcrcst rcd uction tiplying thcoutstanding 

shownin TabIc3

h● b ●ld●

野 等 肝 ㌘ ふ 血

︵ −

諾 N

欄 ︶

(17)

Table6 EffectoftheExportPromotingTaxationSystem(1)

(U n iLs in U .S .$ m i io n a n d % )

ドY

1 10 ta I a m o u n t o r ta x re d u c t io n b y t h e H x p o rt P ro m o t ln g T a x a tio n S y s le m (∧)

T o ta l a m o u n l o r t a x rc d u c lio n b y t h c ト:x c ep tio n S tO T a x L a w s ∧c t (Ii )

(∧)/(‖) 1 0 1 a I e x p o rt v a lu e (C ) (∧)/(C ) Ii a le o r e x p o h

S U b s id ics in K o re a

1 9 5 3 13 .1 16 2 .5 8 .0 1,2 7 5 1 .0

】9 5 ノl 1 L l 19 ト7 5 .8 1 ,6 2 9 0 .7

19 5 5 9 .7 2 5 9 .4 3 .7 2 ,0 1 1 0 .5

19 5 6 1 2 .5 2 6 4 .7 4 .7 2 ,5 0 1 0 ,5

】9 5 7 2 0 .8 2 0 ノ1 .2 10 .2 2 ,8 5 3 0 .7

1 9 5 8 3 ノ1.7 1 9 7 .5 17 .6 2 .8 7 7 1 .2 2 .3

19 5 9 2 7 .8 2 2 9 .7 1 2 .1 3 ,4 5 6 0 .8 2 .5

19 6 0 3 ト9 2 8 0 .8 1 1 .4 4 .0 5 5 0 .8 1 .9

1!裕 l 3 0 .6 2 8 4 .7 10 .1 4 .2 3 6 0 .7 6 .6

19 6 2 5 9 .7 3 ノー9 .4 17 .1 1 .9 16 1 .2 16 ,5

1 % 3 6 5 .3 4 7 1 .1 13 .9 5 ,4 5 2 仁2 15 .1

1㈲ 6 6 .1 5 9 6 .7 lL l 6 ,6 7 3 1 .0 12 .8

1% 5 6 8 .3 6 1 3 .3 1 1 .I 8 ,1 5 2 0 .8 14 .8

1% 6 7 2 .5 6 5 0 .3 l L l 9 ,7 7 6 0 .7 】9 .0

1 % 7 7 1 .6 6 3 5 .8 1 1 .3 10 ,4 4 2 0 .7 2 3 .0

1 % 8 l (H .2 7 2 0 .8 1ノ1 .5 1 2 ,9 7 2 0 .8 2 8 」

】% 9 1 3 9 .7 8 7 9 .3 15 .6 1 5 ,鰍 ) 0 .9 2 6 .1

】9 7 0 2 10 .8 1 ,0 4 0 .わ 2 0 .3 Ⅰ9 ,3 18 1 .1 2 7 .8

(A

h

、勺

))rcparcdrromthcTaxCommission・】Co‖cctionorMatcria]sand一)aLc,{cJatcdLothc,raxCommission・,MarchlfXS3issue・PPA22−423・May1972issuc,P・187:

T・ニconomicT))ann)ng∧gcney・−[・:Conomic,fandbook ・ksucsorcachyear=C・T日;rankctal・・SoulhKorca・NaLiona urcauo仙onomicTtc父arCh.1975,PP・70−7Ⅰ.

(1),11h POrtPrOmOtingtaxaLionsystcmrcrerstoaccekratcddcprceiationrorcxport・SPCCialdcductionoroverscasincome.rcSerVCrOrCXPIoitationor…r−

(2)ThcraLeorcxporlsubsidicsinKoroaisobtaincdbydividingthctolalam(untOrCXPOrtSUbsidicsbyLhclotaJamountorcxporLPrOVidcdthaLexport SUbsidicsrcrcrLothcdircctsubsidicspaid・domcstictaxcscxcmptcd,importduticscxcmptcd・andgovcrnmcntaidlorsubsidiZingmtcrcstburdcn.

T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r

− P r O ヨ 0

− i O n S y s t e ヨ S L 誤 ○

〜 −

3 0

(18)

r T de

1,     11 ・tio n S stem liy M ajo r C o rpo ra tio ns b y Lly pc o t L ra O C

ドO r b usin css y ca r Cn d cd b ctw ccn N o v cm ber lSX 59 a n d M a y 19 70

T y pe o r tra de

ド  b 、・  vca r cn dcd b ctw ccn M a y 196 9 a n d (k to bcr l!裕9 O r u Sln e6S

N o .o r co m p a n ies

S pe ia l ded u ctio n o r

n th er ex cep tl0 n S tO

T l

110 ta I N o .o r co m p a n ies

S pecia l d ed u ctio n o r ex po rt inco m e

()th er excep いO n S tO T a x tJa W S

T o ta l

ド0 0 d 10

exp o rt ln CO m e l.9 %

a X Ja W S 3 .8 %

5.7% 11 l.6% 3 .1 % 5 .0 %

m a n u ra ctu n n g

1 d 、t 5 5 .6 20 .0 25 .6 6 5 .6 2 1.6 2 7.2

16 3 1 extlIe ln u S ry

C h em ica l

10 2 .9 13.0 15 .9 11 4 .9 11.4

in d u stry

P h a rm a ccu tica ls 6 1.1 7 .9 9 .0 7 1.6 3.1 4 ,7

m a n u fa ctu rlng

R u b b cr p ro d ucts l 18 .1 _16 .4 1.7 1 13 .3 ■17 .4 _4 .1

m a n u ra ctu rln g

R a rth en w a re 5 4 .0 5 .8 9 .8 5 2 .6 12 .7 15 .3

m a n u ractu rln g k ●  

7 6 .2 22 .8 29 .0 7 4 .3 39 .2 43 .5

15 8 M eta lw o r −n g

H e∝tric m a ch in Cr a n d a pp lia nce m a n u ra ctu rln g T ra n spo rta tio n eq u lp m ent m a n u ra ctu rlng P recisio n m ach in ery an d in stru m cn t.

m a n u ractu rlng 1

5

12

3

7

2 .0

7 .5

1.0

13 .6

5.2

10 .4

15.7

_9 .4

7 .2

17 .9

16 .7

4 .2

5

12

3

8

2.0

11.0

1.0

9 .8

13 .8

日.4

7 .1

6 .9

22 .4

8 .1

16 .7 6 3 1 C o m m erce

F ish eries l 18 .2 5 1.1 6 9 .3 5 3 3 .8 29 .3

145 4 .1 17.5 2 l.6

T o ta l in clu d ing o ther tra des

136 3 .1 16 .5 19 .6

(S 。。,cc) l)rcpa red rro m −C o cctio n o r M a tcria Is

(N 。tC) ・ T hc ra tio w h cn thc to ta l in com c a ssy m   ra tc o r cx p o rt in co m e sp∝ia ld cd u ctlOn

a n d l)a te tl eIa tcd to thc J・reIim ina ry tt cp o rt o r th c T a x C o m m issio n (I}a rt l)【一八p ri1 1% I・P p ・524 −52 9 ・ in g n o extra o rd in a ry La x m ea su reS W CrC aV a i−a b−e w a s d 即 ed a s 10 0 % ・T y pcs o r tra d c w h osc u liliza tio n

is Icss th a n l% w crc cx clu dcd ・

b T

野 等 肝 ? ふ 血

︵ −

器 N

罰 ︶

(19)

Table8 EffectoftheExportPromotingTaxationSystem(3)

F o r b usin css y ca r cn d cd b cLw cct M a y 196 9 a n d (k to b er l淡;9   J/O r bu sin css y ca r en dcd b ctw ccL N o vcm bcr 1% 9 a n d M a v 19 70

N o . T y Pe O r lra か ヽ0 .O r CO .I・:x po rt inco m … x p o rt in eo m c (∧)/ (り

d ed u clio n (∧) (li) N o .o r co .l・:x p o rt in co m e ded u ctio n (C )

  ■

ト:x p o rt in co m c (C )/(fi)

1 2

M eta I m in m g 1

lり 0 7     3 2,㈹5     5人2 3% 4 10 ,14 1 15 .830 64 .(裕%

C o a l m in .n g 58 72      80 .00

3 4 5 6 7 8

ドIo u r m iJJin g ド0 0d m rg , rrex tile in d uslry f)a p cr & p uJp in d u stry C h cm ica J in d ustry

I)h a rm a ccu tica Is m a n u ra etu r)n

2 8 7 1 6 6

2.5 18 2 ,794 淡).12

113 ,192 40 8 .0 日 35 .16 6 50 ,0 82 仁27 9,0別 50 .8 2 19 ,1潔; 朋 ,929 1 2 .7 2 6 7,09 7 110 ,66 5 60 .63

30 ,893 8 L 6 23 3 7.84

2 11 8 6 7 7

2 ,0 88 日6 ,10 7 828 ,498 23 .05犯 160 ,545

封 ,08 7

2 ,355 136 ,10 8 1,855 ,238 29 ,663 2 16 ,6 9 1 6 1 5 0 1

88 .66 33 .50 両 .6 5 77 .8′l 朗 .08 5 5 ノI2 9

10 11 12 13 日

0 11 & co a I p ro d u ct m rg ・ Ei u b bcr pro d uct m rg ・ l二a rth en w a rc m rg ・ I)rin h n g

M eta lw o rk in g

)・:Jcctric m a chincry & a p p Jia ncc m rg .

2

】 5

1 8 8

2 1.5ノ19 4 ,6 93 16 6 .9 11 6ノ12 86 7.286 154 ,958

23 ,50 4 5 .16 3 497 .18 7 738 1,115 ,39 】 し礪 1,8 27

9 1.6 7 90 .8 9 33 .5 5 86 .99 7 7.75 12 .8 ノl

3 1 5 1 8 8

39 ,(カ3 12 .48 2 14 5,255 688 8 2 1,9 77 5 17 .9餅)

4 5,5 10 13.66 7 507 ,071 789 99 3 .20 1 1,094 ,22 2

85 .70 9 1.3 3 28 .64 8 7 .19 82 .76 47 .33 15 T ra n sp o rta tio n eq L m rg ・ 】5 1.5 28 ,0ノ18 2 .20 】,53 2 60 .32 14 2,025 ,328 3 923 652 5 1 66 16 l)r∝lSlO n m aCh in ery &

in stru m en t m rg ・

2 1 1,389 26 ,856 4 2 .40 2 10 ,560 29 .0 19 36 .38

17 18

M ach in cry m fg ・ C o m m erce

3 1

11,4 11 4 0 ,16 2 28 .4 1 3 12 .5 30 56 ,5両 22 .】5

19 M a rin c tra n spo rt 1

2

66 6 ,3 30 20,(裕l

74 2,780 2 1.655

89 ,7 1 9 2 .63

15 70 7,929 776 ,9 13 9 1.1 1

20 2 1 2 2

(】as sup p ly in g l)ep a rtm en t stor

1 1

7 11 7%

2 ,0 22 1.9 27

3 5.16 4 1.3 1

1 2

1,0 20 2 .29 8

2 .3 94 3 ,46 1

1 2.60 66 .39 23

24

M o v IC rHm p ro d n F ish eries

M ela l p rod u ct m rg ・ T t l

イ l

12 ,563 101 ,325

4 5.63 5 1日,24 5

27 .52 9 1.3 】

イ 5

I

3 5,99 2 1,027 .92 7 6 .926

6 l.29 3 1.68 9 ,9 17 10 .375

58 .7 2 60 .8 2 66 .75

O a 10 7 ィ,鋭)2,4 19 7 ,鋸札 200 58 .55 118 6 5 72 ノ16 1 11 82 5 両 7 5 5 57

(1) T h c so u rcc is lh c sa m c a s th c prcccd in g ta blc・1,rcp a rcd lro m p p ・624 −6 27 .o p .cit.

T h e E f f e C t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r

− P r O m O

− i

O n

S y

s t

e ヨ

S 二

琶 ユ

3

(20)

(Unitsin¥million)

r o ta l a m o u n l (】en e r a l e x p o rt ln S U ra n C e

H x p o rt b ill ln Su r a n c c

H x  o rt C o n s ) g n m Cn t・O v e rs e a s O v t汀S e a S ()V e rs ea s

・ t n t

()V e rse a s

lくX p o rl v a lu e H X P O rt

p ro ce e d ln S u r a n C e

(′ lly p e H )

(ト:r rec t iv e

一 P rin a n c ln g ln Su ra n Ce

e 、P O rt ln S u ra n C e

a d v e rt ise m t n t ln S u ra n C e

ln V eS t m e n t p rln C 岬a l ln S u r a n C e

ln V eS m e p ro rit ln S u ra n Ce

in Y e S tm e n t ln S u r a n C e ドY

1 9 5 0 19 5 1 19 5 2

2 4 , 0 4 2 (8 .1 ) 13 , 7 7 3 (2 . 8 ) 2 . 34 5 (0 . 5 )

(T y p e ∧ )

(H rrc c tiv e r ro m (1・ :r rec t il・ e

(rIly p e C )

(ト:r rec t iv c (ト:r re ct iv e

(rr y p e l))

(ト :rre c t iv e (ll:r reC t iヽ ・ e (lC rre c lil・ e (11 r rec t iv e r

2 9 5 , 200 (10 0 ) 4 8 7 , 8 00 (10 0 ) 4 5 8 , 2 8 0 (100 ) 4 5 9 ( X 氾 (10 0 ) J u n e .19 5 0 ) J

2 川 M 2 (8 .1 ) 1 3 , 3 0 8 (2 . 7 ) 9 9 1 (0 . 2 )

rr O m M a r c h . 19 5 1 )

1 6 5 7 19

rr o m

∧u g u sL 19 5 3 )

3 6 1 r ro m M a y . 19 5 2 )

6 3 2

r ro m ∧ p r il,

19 5 4 )

4 9

r ro m tJu n ( ! . 19 5 2 )

0 , 1

rr o m

∧p e il.

19 56 )

9 5 6 33 1 1 8 2 7 5 2 , 0 4 7

! X )2 5 8 0

rr o m J u n e .

19 5 7 )

0 1 0 0 0

rO m M a y , 19 7 0 )

2 0 , 3 56

19 5 3 3 2 , 6 9 8 (7 . 1 ) 2 8 , 1 3 6 (6 .り 2 , 4 9 7 1 . 6 9 5 9 I

5 8 6 4 4 0 (100 ) 19 5 ノ l 7 0 , 4 8 3 (12 . 0 ) 1 9 . 5 0 8 (8 . 4 ) 14 , 3 1 9 1 , 8 0 1 4 , 7 両 3 1

7 2 3 % 0 (10 0 ) 19 5 5

19 5 6 19 5 7 19 5 8 19 5 9 19 6 0 1% 1

別 , 6 3 0 (1 3 .1 ) 1 1 日 8 6 (1 2 . 3 ) 12 1 , 6 3 4 (l l . 8 ) 16 7 . 5 % (16 . 0 ) 1 7 2 , 4 3 5 (13 . 8 ) 3 10 . 2 4 5 (2 1 . 6 ) 3 9 付 0 8 (2 5 . 8 )

(2 0 )

6 8 . 8 8 0 (9 . 5 ) 7 5 , 8 2 6 (8 . 4 ) 淡 ). 4 8 0 (8 . 8 ) 10 8 , 00 3 (10 . 4 ) 1 14 月7 8 (9 . 2 ) 19 6 . 7 1 3 (13 . 4 ) 2 5 3 , 2 18 (16 . 6 ) 2 6 8 6 7 7 (15 2 )

16 , 8 2 9 2 4 . 2 0 4 10 1 9 8 3 6 , 3 9 4 3 0 , 3 6 0 7 1 , 7 13 9 ノ 1, 6 3 9 1 1 7 6 5 8

2 , 5 7 7 6 . 3 4 6 12 , 淡 ) 4 2 0 , 5 4 3 2 5 . 0 2 0 3 7 , 4 17 4 2 . 8 6 7 5 3 5 3 3

6 , 2 9 2 3 . 7 9 1 3 . 2 16 2 、 4 5 1 2 , 3 8 6 2 . 3 4 2 2 , 6 4 6 1 , 9 9 4

2 1 2 1 5 19 13 1ノ ー 2 8

7 7

3 3 4 2 0 2 2 1 9 0

t l

舗 0 , 3 6 0 (l00 ) 1 , 0 2 7 , 0 8 0 (l00 ) 1 . 0 3 5 , 7 2 0 (l 00 ) 1. 2 小目 6 0 (100 ) り 5 9 , 8 00 (100 ) 1 . 5 2 4 . 兆 0 (l00 ) 1 , 7 6 9 , 7 6 0 (10 0 ) l舗 2

l舗 3 1 御

l餅; 5 1潔箔 1% 7 1% 8 1% 9 19 70

朋 2 , 5 19 5 . 7 2 8 , 0 3 6 (3 7 .1 ) 8 】8 , 3 3 4 (3 1 .1 ) 1 ,12 軋7 6 9 (3 7 . 日 1 , 3 17 , 3 9 1 (3 7 . 4 )

1 . 6 8 1 . 3 1 6 (1 4 . 7 ) 1 , 8 鵬 . ㈹ l (3 8 . 7 ) 2 , 4 5 9 即 6 (1 2 . 7 ) 3 , 7 ∩8 畑 ) 8 (5 3 , 3 )

5 3 5 , 1 9 3 (2 7 . 3 ) 5 2 7 . 1 19 (2 2 . 0 ) 7 4 7 , 2 2 6 (2 1 . 6 ) 維 5 , 3 2 1 (2 小6 ) 8 5 2 , 5 5 2 (2 2 . 7 ) 胚 l , 7 5 3 (1 8 . 5 ) L l4 8 . 3 ( 将 (1 9 . 9 ) 1 . 紬 9 , 3 湘 (2 7 . 2 )

1 2 3 . 6 8 9 1餅), 3 9 5 2 5 1 , 7 6 8 2 9 1 , 00 1 6 3 3 . 4 8 8 6 9 8 , 5 ノ I l 9 7 9 . 7 9 2 1 , 3 鋸 , 2 9 1

6 5 , 8 3 3 9 7 ,19 9 1 1 9 . 6 6 6 15 3 , 4 4 3 18 9 , 6 9 2 2 4 2 , 8 1 7 3 2 2 7 7 4 4 13 日 3

1 , 5 6 ノ l 2 , 0 3 7 2 , 8 9 4 2 , 7 6 2 2 . 8 9 9 3 . 2 7 0 2 , 8 6 2 2 . 4 9 5

1 2 1 8 4 1価 3 9 2 3 8 8 3 0 2 2 ( ≠)

12 4

0 0 4 1 9 7 3 6 7 1 日) 7 12 6

1 , 3 3 4 1,19 2 4 , ( 精 7 1 , 3 7 7 2 , 2 9 1 2 , 2 7 6 4 . 餅) 8 1 , 0 7 1

0 7 0 0 0 0 4 2

l , 舗 2 , 7 2 0 (l00 ) 2 . 4 0 2 . 2 8 0 (l00 ) 3 , 0 4 2 , 7 2 0 (l00 ) 3 . 5 19 , 3 00 (100 ) 3 , 7 5 9 ,12 0 (l00 ) 4 , 鋪 9 . 9 2 0 (l00 ) 5 , 7 5 6 . 4 00 (l00 ) 6 , 9 5 4 . 4 8 0 (100 )

(1)l)rcparcdrrom・Mm^nnuallteportMf、orcachycarT

(2)r:xportva.ucsba父donthcdatabook0.−11hcTkvc.opmcntorModprnJapancsc肋nomy ・l{conomicHanning∧gency

草 野 等 膵

? ム 血 ︵

− 器 N 欄

(21)

TablelO CoverageRatesofExportsbyItemUndertheOrdinary

( A

ト一一▲

)の

【\)

ト、▲

J・二x p o r l l n s u r a n c c  u n i t s i n ¥ H X ) m H H o n iln d % )

巨 Y

′\n ln l川 t_

rn l t・r t−d b †・

in 山 l′id u 織l

‖八 m n 川 仙 n l 。 n ヽヽ・・t・r l−d (、n tt rln l−)・ )・は m n d b Ia n k l、l r ln t h

八 m (ll劃n l n l t・n d b I ′ b lh n k t,t

li a t i(l t n m Il n − m h d tt r ih ・r

∧ m n u n t ぐ∩ ヽ・P rt−d b I ・ b ln n k l、l

‖ 欄 t_iO t r〉

仙 n r晶 ・n g n n d H t†X P O r t・ぶ

八 m tl u n t r n l・l rl†d

b y h la n L t、t

tt n I in tの r−川 i叩 H I r〉r k e 大町 〉r 1−よ

∧ n llV U n t r n l′げ l†d h } b h n k t!t

1i h t in t r〉

Ilh n l t、X IH l r t・よ

∧ m rm n t r n ヽrP r l・d b y b la n k l・t

lt 州 tin l r〉

H h ilI l、X P n r lぶ

∧ m rIu n l r n v e rt・d b y b h n k p t

It n tin I n r n n l w はn l ぐX p r汀 1ぶ

八 m のU n l r n ヽ・l!r P d h y l l k

li h li(I tn in s u h t u d W lr Iヽ

(!入P r〉r lぶ n r (・O H rl n

y n m H n d r lfIt h

11人lIn r l−ゴ

r m a n 一 m a d l! y n 川 d r h b r k

)■はr n a n d rIl b rk lt二り いつrt S

ln S u r 一 d n (℃ O r w o n lt・n g −抑 lls

q r r r川 in g H t 。r k

O r P la n L

& 叫 u 岬 一 m e n L

O r S h ip o r

r 00 t VV a r P

l h n t亘

o r e h r t rk W trr

1 9 5 5 1 9 5 6 1 9 5 7

4 5 1 7 5 1

3 6 2 3 ノ日 朝 8

3 9 .6 % 3 2 .7 3 6 .1

2 0 2 2 5 0 3 】5

3 3 .3 % 2 9 .2 3 2 .2

ト:r r pr t iヽ′P r r n nn

(k t r〉h ・r 1 9 5 9

1 1 1 7 .1

8 0

〜始 7 8

1 0 2 .0 兆 8 3 .6 朗 .イ

ト二r r rr ti v l・

r rrI m

・M y M 5 7

日 ト 2

ト:r r打 t.iv e r rr〉m t h m m h −r

】腑 )

3 5 7 3 ノ1 .5

ト二r r or t iv p r rn m A p r il 1 % 2

2 2 7 」

ト:r r od iY e r ro m J u ly l !黙 5

4 1 3 8 」

1 9 5 8 6 3 3 3 3 3 L l 2 6 2 3 2 .3 1 8 5 5 .6 N .八 .

19 5 9 7 7 1 9 1 1 1 .1 3 1 7 1 2 .0 2 8 5 2 .1 2 2 7 2 5 .0

l S絡 () 6 Ⅰ 4 7 9 3 2 .9 3 2 1 3 5 .9 1 3 1 1 6 8 .I 5 7 9 8 6 .2

1 % 1 7 4 4 3 3 3 1 .6 3 4 8 3 7 .3 9 3 7 2 .5 2 3 0 18 7 .9 7 3 9 6 8 .7 6 1 6 6 0 .5

1 % 2 = 2 1 2 ノー 3 2 .1 1 1 2 4 1 .0 1 3 8 5 I .3 9 8 1 2 .わ 1 5 7 5 0 .3 l (謁 2 1 2 5 .0

1 % 3 1 3 6 1 3 3 3 6 .5 4 3 7 3 9 .8 】柑 3 5 .5 1 5 3 朗 .7 7 6 3 5 9 .3 2 2 9 1 1 8 7 .3 3 1 】2 .9

‖ 兼 1 レ ‖ 十 日 3 ノー.1 5 2 ノl 3 9 .0 1 8 9 ・1 7 .3 2 1 8 2 ノ1 0 .1 l ()1 2 6 8 .6 1 9 7 0 日 日 .5 2 6 8 .9

1 % 5 小 目 3 7 7 3 2 .1 6 6 9 1 0 .3 2 2 6 4 2 .4 日 日 7 8 .4 1 5 0 3 8 2 .4 3 4 0 6 1 2 6 .5 9 3 .0

1 兆 6 2 2 1 3 6 9 3 3 」 8 0 8 3 9 .6 1 9 5 3 1 .1 3 2 3 2 】6 .0 1 7 4 7 8 ノ1.3 朋 2 5 ‖ 9 .3 8 2 .4 3 5 2 3 .7

1 % 7 7 5 8 3 4 7 3 7 .2 8 6 8 4 0 .2 2 6 5 1 1 .5 ‖ 0 餅 ).4 2 1 5 4 6 8 ,8 3 3 2 5 訓 .0 6 L 5 8 9 6 5 .4

1 兆 8 1 5 3 3 2 3 3 5 .8 1 0 8 0 1 0 .5 2 7 2 3 3 .8 l I8 購 ,8 1 7 3 3 1 9 .9 3 2 0 3 8 2 .1 5 1 .1 3 0 1 8 .I

I% 9 2 ノ‖ 2 5 1 2 9 .6 1 2 8 】 3 8 .1 2 7 5 3 0 .7 1 1 2 4 8 .8 2 1 6 3 4 9 .1 3 7 2 3

9 ノ17 4

洪 ).9 1 8 6 .7

5 3

1 ,0 0 .7

6 1 4 9

2 9 .0 1 6 1

I9 7 0 3 0 9 2 ノ1 8 3 4 .0 ‖ 7 3 3 9 .1 2 2 0 2 2 .6 2 5 1 粥 .3 3 10 1 5 1 .7

(1 ) O m i u c d b Ja n k e t in s u r a n F e S O r t a X t ilc p r o d u c t s (c r r ∝ t iY e r r P m ∧ p r ‖ J 9 6 3 )・ i r o n & s t c e l (e r r c c t iY C r r O m )9 6 9 )・g a JY a n iz c d p Ja t e (c r r c c t iv c r r o m J a n u a r y l 9 6 9 ), C O u O n m a t c r ia l p .r p d u c t (e r r c c t J Y e r r O m J a n u a r y J 9 6 9 ) a n d s p e c ia J s L c e J (c r r c c t iv c r r o m N o Y C m b c r J 9 7 0 ).

(2 ) ∧ m o u n ts )n S u r C d a rc b a s c d o n M J ・r J ^ n n u &川 e p o r t O r c a e h y c a r ・ a n d t h c c x p o r t Y a Ju c s a r c b a s d o n t h c ・・W h it 皿 p e r o n I ・10 r C ig n ・r r a d c a n d C o m m c r c c ・・ O r c a c h y e a r ・

(3川orplant POrtYaJucs・r gurcsbascdonexportlICCnS篤aCtuaIlyissucdonplanbandLhclikcwcreuscdsrtcrsubtraCt ngthc POrtamOUntOrrOllingstockand.

rromI9600nWard・aJsocxportamountorships・,Irom.9 onward・r.即rCSbascdoncxportJICCnSC CLualIyISSuCdonmachineryAndtheJikcwcreuscdarteTSub_

T h e E f f e c t O こ a p a n e S e E 眉 O r

− P r O m O

− i O n S y s t e ヨ S 二 望 〜

− 3

0

(22)

(O n − T h e − S p o t ln sp e c t io n S t a tis t ic s o f G o v e rn m e n t A g e n C le S ノ

G ra nd total

lndustriaI T exlile l, roducts M 八ドH xport lIrodLJClぶ lnspcction

a

lIygl川ic Sciences

( K nterprke l) ivision,

1) lStrtCt M arIt liurea us an d L and rllransp

lm e

Ⅰ ) istrict M anu ractures TnspccLion lnstitutc l〉 hilrm aCeutlCal A rralrS Iiurcaus or thc Ort lnsp∝tion lnstitute lnsu tu Le llurcau. M inistry or

Ilea圧h &W elrare)

   

M inistry or rranspo rt N r cases  % N o . or cases % N o. or cases  d %

troubles

N o. or cases inspected

% troubles

N o . o r cases inspecled %

troubles

N o . o rcases inspected

  0

trou btes 0. 0

inspected troubles F Y

1951 1952 1953 195ノ 1 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

lnSPeCted 47, 559 53. 213 54. 105 48, 879 両, 925 42. 081 35. 602 19, 610 24, 315

troublcs H . 9

14. 6 3. 9 4. 3 1. 8 4. 5 3. 9 3. 9 2. 8

lnSPCCte

l6. 305 201 16. 369 20 ・ 7 19. 405 3・ 1 17, 562 2・ 7 16, 654 4・ 9 15, 228 3・ 2 16. 737 3・ 7 12, 775 4・ 9 14. 309 3・ 3 2 ノ l

7. ( 裕4 1, 782 4, 淡; 9 4. 0 0 5 1, 838 4, 234 4. 791 4. 548 6, 120 6 983

17. 5 11, 9 5. 9 4. 6 8. 7 7. 6 4. 0 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 07

23, 224 20, 992 28, 761 26. 561 23, 407 22, 345 13. 983 2. 227 2, 289 2. 133

47 3. 0 4. 2 4. 5 3. 9 4 . 9 4. 1 6. 9 8. 5 6 . 2

89 1 87/ 1

589 544 26 53 18 58 45 50

3. 4 75

3. 2 257 3. 7 378 14. 5 207

0. 0 0

0. 0 221

0. 0 70

0. 0 2

0. 0 1. 552 0. 0

0 . 0 12. 1 0. 0 0. 0

0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 5 1%0

1961 1%2 日 絡3 1餅il l! 絡5 1966 1%7 l%8 1969 1970

24, 915 26, 158 22. 822 29. 719 30, 213 32, 175 35, 899 38. 2両 43, 144 43. 55 1 鳩, 265

2. 1 15, 719 2. 0 16, 594

】 . 9 13, 467 1. 1 29. 605 0. 9 2 1, 776 0. 8 24. 113 LU 26. 119 1. 1 28 . 22ノ 1 1. 1 32. 168 0. 6 33. 512 0. 4

2. 0 2. 4 0. 8 0. 8 0. 1 0. 6 1. 0 1. 3 0. 5

6, 428 7, 187 7, 211 6, 613 5, 946 7, 552 1, 151 8, 637 8, 536

0. 0 1 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 0 0. 0 0. 0 0 . 0 0. 0 0. 0

3, 099 2. 140 1, 887 1. 824 2, 018 2, 161 1. 817 2. 305 1. 470

6. 2 5. 4 8. 8 47 7. 9 8. 4 8. 0 7. 0 5. 1

37 28 43 0 0 47 43 2ノ l 2ノ l

0. 0 0

( ‖ ) 0

0, 0 0

0 0

0. 0 0

0. 0 0

0. 0 10

0. 0 9

20. 0 11. 1

(2)ドorlIY1952.lota.bcIwc ^pri−1952andJanuary1953(TotaIsuptothcendorJanuaryf・orthc.ndustriaIManuraeturclnspcctionlnstituteandt)istrict MaritimcIiurcaus)

草 野 等 併

㌘ ふ 血 ︵

− 謡 N 罰

(23)

Table12 EffectofExportPromotionMeasuresbyTypeofTrade(MarineVessels)

( A

ト・一 心

【、、○

l r Y

()u L s L a n d n叩 b a l a n c c o r I i a t () O r i n t e r e s t ^ m o u n t, 0 r i n L c r c s L

ト:x p o r L v a l u c o r s h i p s I i a t io L o c x p o r t l ′a Iu e H X I M H a n k e x p o r L r e d u c H o n o n J・: X T M r c d u c t io n   o n l・:X n ′1

r i n a n c i 叩 ( ∧ ) I i a n k r i n a n c m g 1 i a n k r i n a n c i 叩 O r S h 岬 S

1 9 5 1

¥ l r X ) m 川 i o n % ¥ 日 X ) m H i o n ¥ l (X ) m i m o n %

2 7 −0 .2 6 3 ー().()7 5 9 −0 .1

1 9 5 2 2 5 1 .1 7 1 0 .3 7 3 9 0 .9

1 9 5 3 3 2 1 .1 1 /l 1 .3 2 3 5 9 0 .1

1 9 5 ノl 1 1 4 1 .4 6 1 5 .0 9 2 0 3 2 .5

1 9 5 5 2 !賞 ; 5 .0 5 2 l ′1 .9 5 2 8 1 5 .3

1 9 5 6 1 5 ノl 5 .1 1 9 2 /1 .6 0 9 3 6 2 .6

1 9 5 7 1 1 0 4 .餅 )7 2 0 .1 2 1 2 6 6 1 .6

1 9 5 8 3 8 1 5 .0 5 6 1 8 .1 0 1 2 0 5 1 .5

1 9 5 9 1 (H 5 .5 8 5 2 2 .5 6 1 2 8 8 1 .7

1 9 6 0 5 2 3 4 .8 6 4 2 5 .両 1 0 3 7 2 .1

1 % 1 6 淡 ; 5 .(滑 5 3 5 .1 6 1 () 1 9 3 .5

1 淡 ;2 9 3 2 4 .9 5 6 1 6 .1 9 8 ノ1 7 5 .5

l f裕 3 1 ,3 日 4 .8 6 2 6 3 .7 /l 1 2 2 3 5 .2

1 % 1 1 ,9 (泊 4 .5 6 0 8 7 .0 5 1 7 6 6 1 .9

1 9 6 5 2 ,3 8 1 4 .1 3 2 1 0 5 .5 3 2 6 9 2 3 .9

H X i6 3 ,2 引 1 .3 7 0 l /1 2 .0 7 2 9 6 3 4 .8

l 淡 ;7 1 .1 7 0 4 .0 2 5 1 6 7 .馴 3 5 3 7 4 .7

1 % 8 4 ,9 3 6 3 .7 (‖ 1 8 2 .6 8 3 9 0 3 1 .7

1 餅 ;9 6 ,0 8 0 3 .4 8 ノ1 2 日 .8 3 1 0 9 1 5 ,2

1 9 7 0 7 ,1 7 2 3 .2 6 1 2 3 4 .(滑 5 0 7 5    l 1 .6

(1日/igurcsin(ⅠDsamcasin(Il:)or,rablc3.

T h e   E f f e C t O f J a p a n e S e E 眉 O r

− P r O m O

− i O n S y s t e m s 二 誤 ○

〜 −

3 0

参照

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