Bull.Fae.Bioresoul・eeS,MieUniv.
No.23:37一世62 Decemberl,1999
Eggs,Larvae乱ndJuvenilesortbeFishesOecu王・ring intbeN三唱胤raRiver】云stllary,CentralJapan
SeishiKIMURA■,MakotoOKADA,でsuyoshiYÅMAS王iIでA,‡zumiTÅNIYAMA,
TaigaYo00,MitsuruHIROSE,でetsuyaSADOandFumikoKIMURA
ダisheriesRes組rdlLaboraもOry,MieU王1iversity,
P.0.Boxll,W昭u,ShiIna,Mie517−07喝Japan
Abstract
でhelarvalandjuvenilerish紘unain theNagara Riv¢reSいJary,CenもralJapan,WaS Sul、\∫CyCdduringthcpclliodfromJull・199:1toApl・il1997,andLhecrfccts orthcl・CCCn巾・・
compleLCdesLuar)▼damwereeonsidered.Atotaloトl,丁71rishcg−gLSCOllectcdr叩r・CSentCd lltaxa,bei喝mainly coastalmarine speeies.Larvae and juvenま1e fish¢S COllected totalcd17,8L18rcpresenting27fall−ilies and37species,iI−Cludingbrackish,diadromous migratoryandcoaslalmarincrol・111S.ThclowerNElgEu−tlRiveresしuary,belo、、rthedam,
playedanimportanもroleasspawni11gandnurseryg・rOlユndsrorsomemarinerishes,
whichthedamdldnotdirectlyeffecも.でhelarvalfishraunaintheupp¢rNagara River estuary,abovethedarn,WaSlessdiversethanthatinthelowerestuary,Withsomeupper
esじuarinem
gaLes.Catadromous Plecog[ossl上S CZ仙:1elis c!ZtiuビIislal、、!ne,uSUallさ,dominanti】lthe lowerreachesortheNと噌araRiverまnNovember,b¢Cametrappedinthedambaekwater after thedam gateswereclosed,alarge proportion ofthelar・Vae OVera11thus being・
unableねmlgratenOrmally to thelowerestuarine area.Berore thedam gates were elosed,SaloTlgichL恒′S l(cT10doJ川,aSdisLributcd、、・idcly throughout tllC Nagara Ri、・er estuary,itsspawnlnggrOundapparentlybeingloca亡母dintheupperestuary.Followlng the closure o仁軌egates,the spawnlngandnurs訂y grOunds were destroyed and the
Sp肛iescompleとeまydisappearedぎromとbelo耶rreaC‡leSOf班eNagaraRiver.Thedam
apparentlydidllOtafrectcatadromousCoLtLLS(・eilliilar、Iac.althoughitinrlucncedonthe an乱dromousJuVenileBWh紺theypassedoverit.
Kc)・ll;ords:rishlal、\▼a・fishju\でnile・NagnraRi\′CreStuarydam■
㌘〜ecog払ββ㍑ぷα££iueヱiぶα£如e〜iざ・ぷαまα几g£c′血ッぶm£crodo花
Introduction
CoastalzonesLlrCgenerall),1■eCOgniヱCdasimportantnursel・yal、eaSforlal・、rnlandju、・Cnilcmarinefishcs
becauseoftheirhighnuもritiousenvironmentsandtopographicalvariabiliもy.Inra玖manyfまshesspend
Aeeepもed:September a,1999
−Sendreprintreque$も忌もOSK(e−maま1:1くimura・S@bio.mまe凡ae.jp) ヂ‥1 三澄大学生物資源学部附属水産実験所,517・0703三葛県志輝郡志輝町和邁志礫郵便局私沓箱11琴
S¢is
38 雷聡。㌻王室琵㌫Ⅰ雲琴誤諾三豊誉諾言語t霊!憲㌘
their¢arlylirehistorystag・eSinsuehzones一トユ〉Amo11gSもcoastalzonesandofrshoreareas,eSとuarieshave thehighestprimaryproductivityandmostabundantzooplankもers,用b¢ing・OneOどもhemo或important
nurserさ・grOundsfol・1ar、・aCand juveniles or
variousmarinefishes,=)However,Various
human acti\・ities ofrer to arfeelcstual・inc
environments directly and/orindirecも1y,resultingin 8eriousimplieations for the
resident.This has happc】1ed seriousl)′inJapan.HoⅥr8Ver,Stlユdies onlarvaland ju\▼enile fish faunasinJapanese esLuftries
arerew,beingknown only for the Yama−kuniRiver,Oita Prefecもure,Kyushu,g)
Roklほku River,Saga Pr◎feeもure,Kyu−
shu,10)Kaeda River,MiyazakiPrerect正¢,
Ⅰ(yushu,= and Shimanto Ri\・er,Kochi
Prer¢Cもure,Shikoku.8)
でheNagara RiverorlglnateSintheHida
highlands.GiruPrerecture,eenlralHonshu,
Japan,jOinlngWith theIbiRiver nearits mouLhanddrainingintotheinnermostpart OfTseBayatIくu\\・ana,MiePrefecture(Fig.
1).BecausethelowerNag・araRiverpasses throughlow・1yin凱 nOn−und山anも plains,
its estuaryextended some20km upstream
from the river mouth.Euryhaline fishes,
エα£eo〜αわrαエノ叩071ic㍑β(Percichthyidae),
13ら037.81E 1360d5●E
Fig.11Mapo=helo、、・errCaChesorLheNagaraRi\TeI・.
Fig.2.TheNagaraRiverestuarydaminNovember1995.
LarvalyishyaunaintheNag鼠raRまverEstuary
39
〟ug£〜c叩ゐα〜㍑ぶ(Mug・ilidae)andC′iegO氾ゐαemα加九££㍑ぶ(Mug・ilidae)occurredmoretban14kmupstream
fromthemouth,andcoastalfishes,KoTWSiT・uSPuTLCtatuS(Clupeidae)and Magochi Pla妙CqPhalussp.
(Platycephalidae)more than7km.12)In addition,COmmerCialfish紺ies for Sα〜α花g£c如ゐッぷmicro(ブ0托
(Salangichthyidae)andCorわ加ヱαノ叩0花£ごα(Bivalvia)wer¢Wellestablished.However,COnStruCtionor alargeresもuarydam(called Nagara−gaWakakozeki )beganca.5kmupstreamfromtheNa首ara Rivermouthinl.q88andwascompletedin1994(Figs.1,2)<Thedamincludesseveralverticallymovable gaも¢SinordertoadjusttheⅥ′aterlevelbehindthedam.Thegat¢SWereelosedtentaもiv¢1yfromMay1994
andbeg・anpermanentOPerationinJuly1995.Subsequently,thelowerreachesoftheNagaraRiverhave beendividedintoalarg・e8ta嘗nant,1ake−1ikebackwaterareaandsmallestuary・
Theaims orthispaperareto clariryもh8Chang・¢Sin軌elarvalandjuvenile鮎b faunain thelower
reachesortheNagaraRiverrrom1994to1997,andtodeも紺minetheinrluencesortheestuarydamon仇e
larvalandjuvenilerishass¢mblag・eS.
MatcI・ials and Mcthods
Studyare免
官ieldcollections,mad¢arOundneaptideonceroreachseason oどtheyear,WereCarri¢dout12tまmes fromJuly1994toApril1997(Tablel).ThegaもesoftheNag・araRiverestuarydamwereopenduring・the
Tablcl.DateandTime,LunarAg・e,andTimeofHighandLowTidesatEachFieldCollection
2Jul,12Nov125Feb.22Apr.5Aug・.3Nov.10y8b.25May.27Jul.16Nov.15yeb.12Apr,
,94 ,94 ,95 −95 ,95 ,95 ,96 ,96 ,96 ,96 ,97 ,97 Lunar昭e 22.8 8.6 25.2 22.0 8.5 9.9 20.6 7.6
00:48 03:36 10:31 02:54 09:05 10沼6
11.4 4.9 7.5 4.7 02:13 09:48 11:13 08:25 16:18 20:53 21こ39 09:08 02:51 04:50 02:34 21:4115:19 18:40 15:08
Hig・hもideLow tide
12:37 14:00 14:30 12:52 15:29 21:37 23:43 06:47 07:10 08:50 05:01 06:11 08:59 02:49 04:27 18:12 20劇 21:2117:45 18:27 21:37 15:1117:01 Timewheneachhaulstarted
1 9 1 3 2 8 3 5 2 .4 1 3
1 0 0 9 9 8 1 1 1 0 0 0
3 5 1 0 0D 5
2 5 2 4 八‖> 3 1 0 0 9 9 ︵‖0 1 1 1 0 0 0
7 4 9 n八U 4 1
3 ∧‖> 2 A− 1 4
1 1 ハU 9 9 8 1 1 1 0 0 ∧=V9 0 9 2 6 5 1 5 5 2 jq− 0
5 4 3 0 9 9 1 1 1 1 0 0
2 0 ∧一〇 5 2 5 4 ∧りん 4 5 2 4
3 1 0 9 9 QU l l 1 0 0 0
1 5 A﹁ 2 6 2
5 2 勺リ 5 1 4 8 鎗U 9 1 1 八U
O O O l l l
StaもまonNl13:37 StaとionN212:49 StationN3 08:49 StationN4 09:11 StationN5 09:42 SもationN6 10:18 StationKl13:51 StationK2 15:10 StationII StationI2 StatioIlI3 SねtionI4
13:22 13:29 11:27 11:27 11:04 10:46 10:08 10:11
09:36 09:3508:40 08:46
13:55 1・l:03 1∠l:37 14:463 rヘリ 1 7
4 3 5 0 0 3 3 一﹂﹁ 3 5 8 4 3 5 1 0 9 1 1 1 0 0 1 1一礼● n入U 1 3 0 1 nO 4 5 1 2 2 5 1 2 2 3 3 1 0 9 9 4 5 1 1 1 1 nU O l 1
4 2 0 7 8 〇 .4 1 .4 jハH.一 2 2 .4 0 0 0
4 3 1 0 9 9 5 6 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
40
Seまsぎ鞄。慧等㌶蕊E筆端冨三三豊誓言奪憲‡諾
firsttothirdcol18Ctions(July1994toFebruary1995),butthey were closed thereafter・Six sampling・
stations,Nl・N6,WereeStablishedinthelowerreachesoftheriver,SもationsNl−N3(lowerNagaraRiver stations)b扇ngsituatedbelowth8damandN4−N6(upperNagaraRiverstaもi∞S)above(Fig・1,Table 2).In addition,2and4stations,reSpeCtively,in汰e Xiso(KlandIく2)andIbi(ⅠトⅠ4)Rivers were
establishedrorcomparativepurposes(Fi.g.1,Table2).Waもerもemperatur8andsaliniもyattheもimeor eachfieldcollecもionareshowninTable3.Watersalinitywasnotedatallstationsduringthe open 紳es period,butnotattheupperN昭araRivers七色tionsafterthegateswereelosed(exceptinApril1995 whenthegateswereelosedtentativelyandbrackishwaterremain¢dinthebottomlayeriustabovethe
dam).
SampIcgcarandproccdures
Fisheggs,larvaeandjuvenileswerecollectedusingarlnglarvalnetwithmouthdiameterl・3m,iength 4,5rnandO.33mmcodendmesh.Thenetringwasfittedwithaflowmeter(afterFebTuary1995)anda buoy,bywhichthenetdepthwasadjusted.Thenetwastowedhorizontallyatl・5−2・5kt for5min・
Surfaceandbottomtowsweregenerallycarriedoutaもeaeh如ation・でhesur払cetowstargeもedlmdepth
(atthecenterofthenetring)andthebottomtows3.7mdepth・Atstationsshallowerthan4・5mdepth,
thetar紳d叩thofthebottomtowwasadjusもedも01・2maboveもheriverb¢d・StationNl,beinglocatedin
theshallo\VeStallea,\VaSOrtenSha1lo\Verthan3.Orndepth.In Lhese cases,bottom tows werc abol,ted・
Watervolumessampledrar将edfrom200も0400m3.EachcatchwaspreservedinlO%rormalindiluもed withwatertakenrromtherespectiv8Station.
Laboratory procedures
でhesampleswereentirely sorted uslng a dまssecting micro8COpe at6−10Ⅹ・Allfish eggs,1arvae andjuveniles wereremovedandidenもiried toもhelowesttaxon possible,rOllowlng Nakabo18 and Okiyama14〉.Derinitiono=he組rlylirehistorystagesorrisheswasrollowedKendalletal・15)Bodylen酎h
Table2.LocaliLyandDepthofEaehStation
Station River
Approx.distancerromrivermouth(km) D叩th(m)2.5・3.5 3.5−5.5 5.0−6.5 5.0−7,5 5.5−6.5 5.5−7,5 4.5−6.5 5.0−6.5 3.5−5.0 4.0−6.0 3.5−5.5 5.5−7.0
NI Nagara
N2 Nagara N3 Nagara N4 Nagara N5 Nagara N6 Nagara XI Kiso X2 Kiso Il Ibi I2 Ibi I3 Ibi
‡4
Ibi
LarvalFまshyaunaintheNagaraRiverEstuary
41
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▼・・・・・{ ▼−・■ l・・・づ l・・・づ ▼・−1 ▼・・・・■
0〇 ト・ く)0 の く〉〇 トー l I・{ ▼−可 ぐ弓 ぐq Cq ぐq
▼・・・■ ■・・■ ■■ ■−・■ ▼・・・■ ▼・・・づ
0〇 くJ⊃ 00 の r■ の I l の 0〇 CO ¢ [■・− く D
N の 0 の の Cく) t l
卜・1は〉∝).D く」〇 くJ⊃
0〇 の の 卜 uつ Lrう I I 亡■− 【■、 の N N rl
▼・・・・{ ▼・・・・{ ▼・・・■ ■−{ ▼・・・一 I・−1
サ 的 l∫つ ぃー 「r qつ I l q> の 1㌣ N N r■
I・・・」 l・・・■ I・・一 − ■・・・■ I−−■
t=〉 く⊃ Cn ∽ くゎ O〇 l ト q⊃ くエ〉 寸 寸 1群 トー Cn の ぐq (=) 0〇 l は〉 ,サ+∪つ+『 Lr⊃ 寸 の サ リつ Lr⊃ l ∝〉 eq Lrつ
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N N N N N N N ぐq
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■・・・・・1 ■・・・■ ■・1 l・・・■ ▼・・・・1 ▼・・・■ ▼一■ ▼・・・・{
⊂⊃ 卜 (:0 ∽ N の ⊂り 書→
の ぐヾ N 内 的 N N N ▼・・} I・・・・・ぺ ▼・・・・・l l・−1 ナ・・」 −・・・」 −・・・■ ■・・・■
∝) ■マ Ln ▼T N Uつ N 【−
CO q⊃ d⊃ q⊃ の 【■− ロ〇 OD
⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ 【■■− 、=) ■▼コ・ 「r の 00 の 0〇 ト 仁一 ト ト 卜 ご−・
C⊃ 寸 0〇 0〇 トー ごq q⊃ m C> くゎ の ト ト IJつ の Cわ
N ▼・} ▼・・} l・・・→ I・・■ I・・一 「・・・・l 【・■
⊂⊃ 的 くD く=) uつ LJつ ㈹ ぐつ く=) ト くエ) く」D Lr〕 し つ 0〇 卜
N 】・・■ ▼・−ぺ ▼・・■ r■ ▼→ I−ぺ ▼・・■
q⊃ しっ ■−イ N N ⊂⊃ ■・・{ ⊂〕
『疇 「やl,寸 ■寸t や C巧 「デ 噌
N Cヾ N Cヾ ⊂勺 N N N
▼・・r N ●マ■ N 卜 ▼・・→ ロ⊃ ⊂⊃
く♪ く.D ▼サ 寸 の の Lゴつ くエ〉
ぐq N 鋼 C勺 ご勺 Cヾ N ぐヾ
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r■ ▼1
■て■■ 【、 N ⊂) ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
▼・・■ Cわ 0〇 く⊃ (=) く=)
亡†つ N ぐ勺 N 、てr ■可■ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
;Yつ −−1 0〇 ⊂⊃ e ⊂⊃
銅 N
卜・1−イ Lrつ こつ く> く>
の こ> の く> く:⊃ く>
N ぐ†つ N
⊂⊃ ▼・・→ CO ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
OD uつ 〔、 ○ くっ く⊃
「・−1 I→ t−・1
くp (=> 銅 く⊃ ⊂> く⊃
I・・づ N Cく) ⊂> ⊂> ⊂> ぐ)1∝〉 (N
マ ・・{ しD ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
【、 m ぐつ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
Cq 即 「■
0〇 0〇 【、 ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
N O〇 0〇 く⊃ ⊂⊃ (=〉
の N ぐq Lrつ 草つ uつ く⊃ t〇 亡⊃
N ⊂⊃ rつ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃ ⊂⊃
ぐ一つ N ▼・・■
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トの∵hd可 卜竿qむh 芦︐g之 誤.・q式
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ゃ N I−■ †→ ▼−・■ 事・・1
営両︼U遥︒Uぷじ感国憲︵〇S聖合冊霊−拐p莞︵p︶むhn扇恕d已むト恕竃き・椚む3dト 〇.的 〇.︻ ∽.コ=N.¢
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の N Cq
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の N I・−1
く:〉 N N
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Cヽ8 閃 こ〉 1式〉 lエ こ)1∝〉 く㌍
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銅 N N
N N Lごつ ⊂> Cわ ⊂⊃ ○ く> く⊃ Liつ「r −寸1 ぐq く⊃ ⊂> C) ヽ椚 Iごつ
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l l ▼・・{ m I・・−・+ごつ l ▼・→
t−1 の の く> N ぐつ N N ▼・・・− m 卜 しJつ Lr⊃ の ▼・} 一寸 寸 uつ の て㌢ N ⊂> の uつ P一 卜 N N ▼・・・」 ▼・・{ ▼・・{ N 【 L王つ め Lr) Ln t」つ Cq uつ IJつ
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N N 即 N N N N
Uつ N 【 ▼・・→ しiつ −・・「 爪 ⊂⊃
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N N †・・■ r叫 耶 N
の 卜 くエI u> q〇 亡− く> Lr)
寸 ⊂) 爪 Ln lJつ IJつ Lr) 蹄 耶 ▼−■ I→
.ぉおー∈0ゴOq:
.恕L訂完Od℃n∽.
むー焉−⁝d鳥ぢ蔦裟禁色ゴりp仁雨お苫hO叫霊dq
寸㌘.−nb 寸l
mI
N叫tH
N滅 ︷滅qN
∽Z 廿ZnZ NZ
一Z念叫∈コdS
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禦
−i 削減
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爪Z マN
nZ NZ
一Z
賀軍票乳首だ
GO霊dぶS
、;ン ト、●●−・−ニー、・.ミゝ:−、‥、‥∴・:さ.・−ミ∴、\∴∴.‥二二こ;∴−;主ミご、ご・:十ご:J・!、∴l‡:;∴ミ;∴、∴、−∴:、
(BL)wasdefined as thenotochordleng・thin yolksac,Preflexion and flexionlarvaeandthestandard le咽もhinposぱ1exionlarvaeandjuveniles.16)Alloftbe叩eeimenscollectedduringth8Sもudyared叩OSited
attheFまぶheriesR¢SearehLaboratory,MieUniver8iLy(FR工JM),
Results
Gencl・alaspcctoffishcggdistributionAtotalor4,771曙gSeOllectedwereclassiぎiedintolltaxa(でable4).ぶαrdi花eヱZα2比托α£;(Clupeidae)
eggsoccurredmostabundanも1yinthelowerstationsorthe‡ヾa嘗araandKisoRiv8rS(Nl−N3andKl)in summel∴Ko′10SinLSPとLTICEclttlSandTriocan血LSt>iactLLe血LS(Triacanthidae)eggswerealsoabundant.
beingrecordcdin spring and summer.LleSpeetivcly.Although cyprinid aIld Sa[ongicJithユ}S micT10doTl 曙gSareadhesive,theywerecollectedby軌elarvalnet,therormerprobablyhavingbecomedeもached rromsubstratapriortosampling.ScL[cmgicht)l)・SmicT・Odoneggswercco11ectedwheIlthenetjust・tOuChed
Lheril・erbed.Thlleet)▼peSO[unidenti[iElbユeeggswcrecaughtinthe、壷inityoftherivermouths.The)・Were
sphericalinshape,buoyantandwithasingleoilglobule,butcouldnotbeidentified(typeA:Ca.0.6mm ineggdiameterandea.0.15mminoilg・lobulediam¢ter;typeB:Ca.0.7mmin曙gdiameterandea.0.15 mminoilglobulediameter;typeC:Ca.1.Ommin曙gdiameもerandca.0.30mminoiまglobulediame短ご).
Thelo\\rel・Stations.Nl−N3andKl.weremoreabundantin both number ofeggs ELnd number of taxa thantheuppcrstations(Figs.3. l).TheuppcrNagaraRi、・erStations\VereVer)TPOOrinfisheggs.nonc atallbcingatstationN5.Theover811numberoreggsincreasedinsurnmeratthelo\VerStations,0\Ving
Tablc 1.ListofFishEggsCollecLed
Taxa No.0reggS Station(s)l Season(s)‥
Clupeidae
蝕rdご花egZαZ比乃αβ£
必粕淵血勘㍑枇紬加
Eng・raulidae
動脚Ⅷ通ゎ毎w諭闇 Cyprinidae
Salang・ichthyidae
2808 Nl−N4(0),Ⅹ1,Ⅹ2 Su 665
NトN3,Ⅰく1.11−】3Sp
16
Nl−N3,Jく1Sp−A
7
N6 Sp−Su
W
Sp,A Su 蝕gα托g£eゐ班ッきm£crodo71
8Callionymida8 月印Om扶Ce托昆ぷSp.
S01enoidei Tria(:anthidae
7ナiαCα托£九㍑∫わiαC比ヱeα£昆∂
Unidentiriablc A Unidenlifiable B Unidentifiable C
l l l K K K 2
−. ●√ ◆. 王 2 2 2 N N N l石 l・l︐l︐K
N N N
u u u P S くU S S9 1 7 0U
5 2 4
6 4 2
(0),,indieateseolleetionma血whenthed8mgateSWereOpen.
‥A:autumn(November);Sp:Spring(ApriトMay);Su:Summer(Juiy・August);W;Winter(February).
Lar、rEllFishFELunaintheNagar・aRil・・erEstuElrl・ 43
ね 叩aWnlng がぶαrdi乃eヱ〜α Z㍑花αβfand rわ血㍑igα£侵ぶ,∬0乃0ぶir㍑ぶ β㍑花ご£α£㍑古色nd jモ叩Om㍑ごe花㍑5
(Callionyrnidae)eggswerecapturedabundantlyat$tationsN3inM&y1996andNlandN2inNovember
1996,reSpeCtively.
Generalaspcc10rlal・llalandjuYenilefishfauna
Atotalor17,8481arvaeandjuvenilescollectedwereclassiriedinto23familまesand37speci¢S,including Repom【LCenuSSp(p).,ChoeTlOgObtL上S!LrO加nhcolnplcx(Gobiidae)and⊥lforms of uIlidentiriablc
gobiids(Table5).でhelo耶rS七色もions,NトN3,Kl,K2andIIshowedagr組ter diversity oどspecies′
COmpOSitionthantheupperstations(Fig.5).Species compositionsaもthetwouppermost8tation$inthe NagaraRiver(N5and N6)were very simpie,COnSisti咽Or mainly unidentiriable Gobiidae NAin Summer,タ£ecogヱ0ぶぶ㍑βα〜£iueZ;ぷα〜抽e鮎(Plecoglossidae)in auもumn,andぷαg∽g£c如たッ∂m£crodo乃
(duringth8 Opengaとes period)orCo批βre〜花£よ(Cottまdae;a鮎rgateごloぷure)iれWint訂.Dominant
SpeCiesatthelowerN8,garaRiverstationsweresimilartothoseatthelowerstationsin the Kiso(Kト
Ⅹ2)andlbi(IトI2)Rivers,butdifferedfromthoseattheupperstationsintheNagara(N4−N6)andIbi
(王3・Ⅰ4)Rivers(Table6).DominantspeciesweresimまIarattheupperstationsintheNagaraandIbi
Rivers.
ー O l 巾 ■0 0 − 抽 10 1 コ帽十S
軋
約
0 1 10 1
0 1
0
1
10
1
1
00
10¢
10
1
︼二︻mm︼忘正−0もqEコ邑
Fig13・Seasonaleh飢一geSinnumberoffishcggseollectedaleaehstationl
・;;
\−−、、モ
∴.・
ThenumberorspeciesgenerallyincreELSedinsuInmCr and\、1nter.eXCCpt at the upper Nagara Ri\Tell
Stations,Whereonlyafewspecieswerefoundandtheseasonalchang・einnumberofspecieswasminimal
(Fig・.6).Therewerenoclearseasonalchangesinnumbersofindまvidualsateachstation(Fig.7),the annualfluctuationsin number orlfLr\・ae and juveniles ateaCh station being some\\▼hatlarge and
Obscurlnganyerどectorseasonalchang・eS.でheNovember1996and1997peaksattheupperNagaraRiver Statio】1SrCSultedfl・OmalargenumberorP.a.cz]Liucltslall\・ae.Thepcaksin August1995at stations N3 and K2were attributable to蝕rd王花eZgαZ㍑花αβ王,in April1995aもN2and Klandin April1997aもIlto
Aごα托班ogoむ£㍑ぷβαUgmα花uS(Gobiidae),andinyebruary1997aもN3toCo伽ぷrei乃i£.
Sirnpson sindexordi\・erSity一丁 for thelar\・alandjuvenile fish assemblageateachstation genel・allさ・
increasedinsummcl・and\\′inter(Fig.8).butdeercasedgraduallyfl・Omthelo\\,ertOthe upperstations intheNagaraand‡biRivers.AtstationN4,itclearlydecreasedafterApril1995,followlngClosure of
damgates.However,nOSlgnificantchangesintheindexbeforeandafterg・ateClosurewereapparentat
the other stations.
Pianka sindices or8imilarity18〉of thelarvaland juvenile fish assemblag・eS between station Nl
(lowermost)and the oもher Nagara River stations decreased somewhat graduallyin an upstream
心火出トm訊︼儀EちーぷEコヱ ﹂者 qO﹂トp >OZ ち﹁ L訂≡ 月○軋ゆの. >0之 功〇く ﹂倉﹁ qO﹂肌仇. >○ヱ ︻⊃﹁寸仇.
夢 歩
Fig.4.SeasonalchangesinnumbeTOffisheggtaxacollectedateachstation.
Larval】アish‡PaunainもheNagaraRiver】ヨstuary 45
Tablc5.ListorLal・\・alEuldJtl\・enile FishesCo11eeled
No.orinds.
StatioIl(s)●553 Nl−N4(0),N5(0),Kl,K2,I1
25
Nl−N3,Ⅰトほ171 NトN4(0),Kl,K2,Il,Ⅰ2
1 N4(C)
S闘On(s)‥ Sはどe(s)… MYle桐油(mm)
Su Ll−し1 1ふ10.5 Sp−Su L2
Ll.9・11.1Sp,A L2−u 2ふ16.4
Sp
L3 10.6
A−W L2_u 4.4_27.5 W−Su L2−J 4.臥32.3
Sl〕eCiesClupeidae
おd£托e£gα2乙〝tαS£
盈抑矧血勘叩邪知加 Eng・raulidae
ぷ花grα㍑〜£ぷノqpO7混比ぶ
Cyprinidae
フナ£わogo(ゴ0花んαゐ0乃e花βiざ
Plecoglossidac
アgecog£0β∂㍑gα££加ヱ王βα〜ぬei£β 7608 NトN6,Kl,K2,Il,Ⅰ3,Ⅰ4
Salangichthyidae
1097 Nl−N6(0),Kl,K2,ⅠトⅠ4
1
N3
6 NトN3.Ⅰく1.Ⅰ2
2
Nl
1816 NトN6.Kl,K2,Il,Ⅰ3,Ⅰ4
5
N2.N3.K1 30 Nl,N3,Ⅰ4
1 Ⅰ3
3 エく1
37 NトN3,Kl,K2 12 Nl−N3.K1
2 Il,Ⅰ2
10 Nl−N3,K2 202 Nl−N3,Il,Ⅰ3,王4
1
N1
3
Nl,K1
92 Nl・N4(0),Kl,K2,王1 118
NトN3,Il・Ⅰ4182 Nl−N3,Kl,K2,Il,Ⅰ2
1
N3
103 Nl・N6,Kl,K2,Il,Ⅰ3,Ⅰ4 こ1639 Nl−N3,N6(0).Kl.Ⅰく2.ⅠトH
6
Nl−N3.N4(0),Ⅰく1 908
Nl−N6.Ⅰく1.Ⅰく2,Il−Ⅰ 1111 NトN6,Ⅹ1,Ⅹ2,Il,‡3
33 N4・N6,K2
4
I1
298 Nl−N6∴Kl.11
1
N2
3 Nl.‖
ぶαZα7堵£ご加わ鳩m王ごrOdo托
Scorpaenidae
ぶeむαg£e8ま花erm£∂
ぶeむαざ£iぶC乙 gmαrmOrα£㍑ぶ
Platycephalidae
㌘払妙e印加〜比ぷSp. m8唱OChi Cottidae
Coと£比grei花ii
Co比uぷたαZiゐα
Percichlhyidae
エα£eoヱαbrα霊ノ8pO花£cαぶ
Centrarchidae
エepomiぶmαごrOC最r㍑g Carang・idae
升α亡ん㍑r㍑ぶノ叩Orも£e㍑S
かecqpね㍗捉βmαr猛αd∂i
Leiognathidae
エeiog花α£九㍑β花沈eゐαgiβ
Sparida¢
Acα乃£ゐopαgr㍑ggCゐ〜egeヱま
Sparidae
Ⅳiわeαmi£ぷ㍑ゐ比rii
Pholididae
タ九oZ£ぶ花eわ㍑〜0ぶα
Bl¢nniidae
タαrαむ〜e乃乃i比ぷツα£αわei
Omoむrα花Cゐ㍑ざZo£OZO花㍑∫
Omoむrα托Cゐぴgeヱegα花β
Ammodytidae
Ammoめ庖ぷperぶ0花α£比β Callionymida¢
属叩Om比Cerl㍑ぶ叩(p).
Gobiまdae
ブナidだ花よigeJ・わ擁βC£α£㍑ぷ
仇αe花OgOむi祝ぷ㍑rOぬe花iαCOmPlex
.4cロ†l【/10gOわ山s/JdLイJIlαn‖S Acα指摘ogoむi㍑ぶぬc£わeぷ
GobiidaeNA
Gobiidae NB GobiidaeNC GobiidaeNK
Dam喝ed(unidentiriable)
Gobiidae Centrolophidae
アβe花0卵とβα乃Omαgα
Pleul・OneCtidae
タ〜e㍑rO花eC£eぷVOゐ0んαmαe
L4 9.4 L2,L3 3.3−6.7
L3.J 5.9−11.2 L2_J 5.5_16.5 L2−J 6ふ12.O L4−J 12.5−20.0
し1
10.O
J 9.6−12.5
L3−J 5.5−20.O L2,L3 1.7−4.7
L2
3.0−3.4L2
1.8.3.3L2−し1 13.1−27.5 L3 5.9
L2
2.8.3.OL2−J l.8_16.O L2−L4 4.6−21.5 Ll−L4 1.2−8.0 W
A・Sp
Su W−Sp
W W−Sp
Su Su Su Su
Sp
Su W A Su Su
W Su−W
Su
A・SpW−Sp
Sし1
Sp−Su Sp−A
Su Su.W
10.▲1 3ふ30.0 3.9−18.0
2.3−3.2 1.8−6.0 2.ト4.5 2.2−4.0 1ふ5.8
J
L2.L3.J Ll−J Ll.L2
Ll−L3 L2.L3 L2 L2
J 12.O
L3_u 8.3■11.2(Tobe∽ntinu¢d)
い
ト‥一圭一−:1:∴・−・‥・二・㌍∴−、、よi・i・.:∴十‥ニ十」・J∴二∴・−∴、−/−ぅ‥・∴.:‥、、∴ト∴∴ニー・・Tablc5.Lis10fLal・\・alandJu\・enilcFishesCollccted(Continued)
Season(s)‥ Staどe(s)… Bodylength(mmj Slation(s)●
ドン・・こi・エ
こ。こ
でriaeanもhidae
27
Nl_N3.Ⅰく2Su L2
1.0−1.92
Nl,N3 Su−A L2−L3 2ふ3.6
コケiαCα花£ゐ㍑ぶわiαC乙£〜eα£㍑β
Monacanthidae
属昆dαr£比ぶereO亡プeぶ
Dama榊 ・ (0),,and (C) indicat¢ごO11ectまonmadeonlywh¢ndamgateswer屯Openandclosed,reSpeetively・
‥A‥autumn(November);Sp:Spring(ApriトMay);Su:Summer(July・Augu5t);W:Whter(y血ual・y)・
…Ll:yOllくSae18rVae;L2:preflexionlarvae;L3:ど1exionlarvae;L4:pOStど如ionlarv略Jりuveniles・
掴 拍 榊 相 加 ○00 ー︵邑
遥仁旦d−∽ ︵邑文⊂0呈慮ゆ
的 紺 朋 銅 ○∞ 附 桝 朝 綱
︵邑笠盲岬義明 1 ︵邑墓仁○琶S ︵ボ︶門−⊂○慧苗 ︵藍望琶慧苗
適錮 甜00⁝⁝﹄
竹邑M之ぢ9−冨︼∽ ︵藍亡○芯月∽ ︵邑N滅亡○芯月の
冨ごま繋留頗 閃 闘 紺 ○∞
︵邑;UO︼18S ○ ∧V 0 8 ¢ ■﹁ 冨ゞUOコ8S
h阜
一〇Lト小■
≧羞
︻⊃﹁
ト疇苫
月○軋ゆ研−
>○道
政−尋
h▲才
力也仏拍巾.
ゝ○之
︼コり蔑.
一号
妻だこ㌫.
○之
︻長.
き羞
電灯︻爪昂.
>0王
研コく
一号
qO﹂∽か.
ゝ○之
ち﹁茅
Fig.5.Seasonalehangesin叩eCiescomposiもionorlarvalandjuvenilefishesaもeaehstation・
Ar‥Acα花£如goあi比葺畑びimα乃uβ;Ap‥Ammoめ虚言perβ0乃α£㍑β;C・仇αenOgOわi∽㍑rO£?肌ぬ.complex;
Ck:CotEILSIeE7=i厄;Cl・:Co仙STleinil;Dm:DccnptenLS mnnLCZdsi:Ej:ETZgratLLisjopoT−iczLS:Ⅰくb:
∬α′・e去㍑βわieogorα£捕;Kp:∬0花05gr昆βp㍑花C拍£uぷ;Lj:エα如加rα芳ノ叩0花王c㍑g;Ln= エeよog乃α£九㍑g
乃㍑eたα触NA:Gobiidae NA;NB:Gobまidae NB;0:Others(1ess than13%in proportion);Oe:
Omoむ和花C克昆β gねgα那;01:Omoわ和乃eゐ㍍ Zo£OZO花㍑£;P: Magocl−i ダ払妙C呼んα最古sp・;Pa:
タヱecoggoぷぷ昆βα抽egigα紬eヱig;Pn:ダた0£iタ花eむ㍑Zo∂α;R:属印Om㍑ごe几昆βSp(p)・;S:励わα∂と£ぷC昆β
mαrmOrα£㍑β;Sm:助ぬngね如たッgmよcrodo托;Sz:蝕rdi托e肋z肌那i;Tb‥升iαCα花王九㍑βわ払c混血餌ぷ;でj:
升αごた比r㍑gノ叩071ic!上β.
Lar\・alFishFaunaintheNagaraRi\!erEstuary 47
西之む房p叫両β0ロ
亘Zむ頭p⁝30び
霊ld已00
ぷだむぷ23吟点心0軸0忌日威じ
めぷぷじだ3q巧霊L偏琶だ鳶叫
だ0℃OLU冊∈め息芯登明和だぷ叫巧
叫3だぢ∈囚毒管3ぶ0軸0雲だ警﹃
志ld∈OU
ぷだむぷOL3竃還0軸0だむe書︶
だ0℃OLO悌∈∽︑ぷぷじ馬だぷM巧
叫3だQ∈皿昌管3ぷ0恥○雲賀qU彗
玉td20U
霊だむぷOL3埼3ぷ0軸0だむ8べじ
斡盗むdp両両qOロ
<託¢dp両州qOぴ
︽盗む祀p霊qOび 宍登ど蔓た致ぎ嘆息ぎ童拐
∽3買q∈叫毒管∽3ぷQ軸Qべ竃警句
むじてds
二こ∵−ごソ三・ご︵†−こ∵⁚こ︑・ニ︶ここ叫−=章二ノ・きこハ川で∵ここニ︻⁚・三l二こ二:・≒二≡ごて宇二七ニ∴﹁一.竺二三一ご.
薫扇勺0之
薫忘pOZ 属扇勺OZ 雨︸再p O之 尋一再pO之雨−dp OZ
叫旬叫覧ぶQ明道心鳶毒づ明宏切0芯OUむ叫軋だ0℃Qb叫∈叫ゝゼぷ0協だぷ一哉
篭だ叫むL勒3叫叫OU
宍導ど蔓E致ぎ嘆息ぎ薫拐
叫履だ叫むL的3明いちじ
明遣む鳶ぶぢ巧遣む鳶叫叫母巧3明叫0叫軸Oq選句
霊芯∈OU
ぷeむぷOL3切3叫心Q毎Q琶日々U
叫囚だ減むL∽330U
恕的0叫3竜むだ∽叫叫0べ札
的道警還ぢ巧叫叫む点心叫8∽誘的○〜軸Qむ鳶和
明減だ皿むL明330U
宏一d己OU
ぷだむぷOL3埼3還0旬0だむ漫々U
旬皿ぶむL叫3叫心OU 罠登ど蔓ヒ監ぎ嘆息ぎ蔓虜
篭だ叫むL巧3叫叫QU り3だB∈皿畠qり3還Q軸0霊ee彗
粥心td∈OU
ぷだむぷOL3功3叫心○恥0だむ8べU
日東叫N日々∽3霊OU篭だ旬むL的3叫叫OU
だQ℃OLU叫∈∽ゝゼぷじ旬軸ビぷM巧
JヱU−き
的遣警句叫〜8切遺賢還8切3り竃芯QOむ〜札
的3U叫だ0旨︑∽叫叫3BL知名
的遣む鳶ぶつ的叫叫む鳶ぶぢ∽誘的0芯○むむ叫勘
︵乱︶n∽∽3富む3∈Q詠唱
∽叫叫む鳶竜也明叫叫む鳥篭Q∽讃巧0芯QOむ叫q︵d︶d∽Ⅵ3§む3gO詠唱
的l︼叫む点心叫8∽叫叫む鳶ぷ窃巧3均等芯OUむ叫勘
切3.3だQ旨︑巧叫叫32沙嘩
∽3U竃○屯ぢへ叫遣32軸再痘﹁
叫叫叫む鳶叫叫巧巧遣宝ぷ8吻誘岩叫恥OU鳶札
.︵d︶dsヨだむU3∈○詠弼
3童萱診で童尋弘志
∽偏叫送還8∽吊叫む鳶竜田∽3明等芯OUむ叫恥
︵d︶d明竃監U3∈0詠唱
埼遣慧ぷQり遣む鳶曇Q3設○叫恥OUむ叫勘
当烏誓邑旦恵登戸ち点UEコ一コく 句盗むdp叫叫ぷ○び
簑誌憑壷童≧ぷ登兵
減り出だ3N窃〜叫むぷ℃LM巧
鍼之心頭p両叫ぷOU
∽だQ恥鳶む∽3彗だ2心Q∈○
西之む房p謡qOロ
叫りqだ3N8叫叫むだ偏℃Lぷ肌﹁
U之①dp霊q00
預託¢dp謡β00
可Z¢dp両州q00
斡之ふ蒜p霊βOU
岩島蔓壷養家ぷ登真電Qだ3N8叫叫むだ皿℃L再抗﹁
叫りqだ3Nぷ叫uだ叫℃LM巧
慨Z¢鰯p霊qOじ
Ⅵ§智叫む∽3べU§L竜QgO
.8G再Puぷ噌箋hむpLO一望p弘已巴hd巴再哲⁝出払s斡盗む尋p叫∴這OU
U之むdp叫叫qOU
可盗心dp沼qOロ
LU2∈コS dコOh地鳥0叫−霊S
︵p¢SOtO盗電0︶
叩N・tZ ︵p①∽0−U∽¢嵩び︶
uN・†N
︵U邑OSU一屯営
mN・tN
︵雲呑○岩雲d︶撃石・寸Z 叩頭J滅
サワ叩Ⅰ NT已
Seis
48 ぎ軍法。r王室農㌫E学描冨岩急監禁言語憲‡諾
Gales Opsn G8tOSCloさOd
6
4
2
0 8
ヰ
2
0 6
ヰ
2
0
12 10
8
6
ヰ
2
0
12 10
8
6
4
2
0
12 10
8
8
4
2
0
盟竃監好意症石膏牽き三吉ヱ空岳一−Oh心慮EOZ h替 月朗広トp >○之
−コつ
静玉 名正二嵩.
ゝ○之
野丘 象ぞ
妻広肌夢
>○之
︼コつ慕. J茸 qO﹂トp >○王 ■コ﹁ 許苫 一脛こ夢 >○ 野卑 一身 一〇﹂消印. >○王
︼コつ∀研.
Fig.6.Seasonalehang・eSinnumberoflarvalandjuvenilefishspeciescollec七¢dateachstationt direction(Fig.9).Tbeindicesbetweenn扇ghbori咽Stationsdecreasedabruptlybetw¢enN2andN3,and betweenN3andN4,eXCeptinNovember1995and1996,andFebruary1997whencatadromouslarvaeor㌘・
a.altiuelisorCo軌8T・einiiweredominantanddistributedwidely throughoutthelowerreaches ofもhe N昭araRiver(Fig.9).
ダ払∝甘ね朗肛針扉舘躇濫狛裏蝕川路1arvae
Catadromouspreflexionlarvaeorタ£eごOg払ββ㍑βαヱ如e£igαヱ£王びei£ぶ(4.4−8.8mmBL),WereCOlleetedin
NovemberatallstaLions,eXCePtSLationI2wherenocollections\Vere madein that mo11th.Thclar、・ae occurredabundantlyatstationN6in1994,atN4andN6in1995,andaもN4−N6andI4in1996(yig.10)・
Them組nbodylengthsofthelarvaecollectedat軌elo胴r(Nl−N3;6.85mm)andupper(N4−N6;6・49 mm)NagaraRiverstationsandRまsoRiverstations(KトK2;6.22mm)werealmostthesame,ther¢b扇ng nosignificantdifferences(β>0.05)in1994(Fig.11)・However,themeanbodylength at thelower NagaraRiversはもions(6.37rnm)was軸nificanuylessthanatもheupperNag色raRiversもaもions(7・20
LarvalFishFaunaintheNagaraRi\一erEstual・)▼ 49
琶£二ざ三選竃ぎ竜塵完璧ぎ弓;碧−0一党苫ヨ邑 1 翰 Ⅶ 1
0
1
鉦 霊屋要員ぎ羞歪富葛羞空音
羞鼻音羞膵屋澄吾
1
1M
l00
10
1
100
10
1
100
10
1
Fig・7・Sea$Onalcbangesinnumberorrishlarvaeandjuvenilescolleet8dateaehstation.
mm;p<0・01),andwasalmost沈esameasattheXisoRiverstations(6.16mm;p>0.05)in1995.In 1996,th¢m組nlengthatthelowerNagaraRiv¢rStations(5.73mm)wasalmosもthesameasatthelower IbiRiv¢rSもation(Il;5・92mm;p>0義05),butsignまricanuylessthanatもheupp¢rStationsortheNagara
(7・22mm)andIbiく払Ⅰ4;6.50mm)Riv肝Sb<0.01).でhem組nbodylenかhatもh¢lowerIbiRivers七色tion
(Il)wasalsosignirまean糎1¢SSthanat払eupperstationsb<0皿).Aft¢rthedamgateswereelosed,
1arvaewereeollectedinlargequantitiesaももheupp¢rNagaraRiver8ぬもions,themeanbodyleng払atN4 beingsignificantlygreaterthazlatN6(p<0.01)(Table7).
ByF¢bruary,thelarvaehadgrowntothefl狐ionorposもrl¢Ⅹion8ta酢S,11.4・27.5mmBL(Fig.11),
OCCurrま喝atthelowerNagaraRiversもaもionsin1996and1997,andtheIbiRiverstationsin1997(Fig 10).
InFebruary1997,汰emeanbodylen離hsatth¢lowerN昭araRiverstations(15.6mm)and血eupper
(15,6mm)andlower(15.9mm)IbiRiver8tationswerealmostth¢Same(p>0,05).
50
Seis観覧㌘鞄。㌣恕慧ど望響論旨Eア㍊冨譜ゝ竃三豊警抽一恕恋慕霊設㌘Å・_______二
L血
L皿−
」塩
二
野ig.臥 SeasonalchangesinSimpson,sindexofdiversityat8aChsね豆on・
SaEangicIzthysmicT10doTllarvaeandju、■eniles
PreflexionlarvalもOiuvenilestagesor蝕Zα花gic如ゐッβm£ero血乃Wer¢COlle由drromFebruarytoJuly
(ぎigs.12,13),althoughinFebruary,Onlypreflexionlarvae(4・9−臥2mmBL)occurred・InFめruary1995,
wh占nth¢damg扇eswer¢Open,numerOuSlarvae耶reeOllectedaも伽upperNagaraRiversぬtions・In Fめruary1996,When血¢gaも錯WereClosed,nOぶ・m£cro血花1arvae朋reeOllectedattheNagaraRivぼ stations,alもhough血yoecurredintheIbiRiversねもions・Inyebruary1997,Onlylllarvae(2もOWS)椚re collectedintheNagaraRiveratstationN3・
Thelarvae卵nerallyr8aChedtotbeflexionorposぱ1釘donstagesinAprilorMay,andthejuv¢nilestage inJuly・InAprまlorMay,汰elarvaeu$uallyoccurredat血lowerstationsinthethreeRivers,havi喝
widerangesinbodylength・rrhelengthcompositioninApril1995showedaunimodaldistribution,but thos¢inMay1996andApril1997椚rebimodal(Fig.14).Moreover,inApril1997,Smallerpreflexion
lar\・aeWeredominant.
Larvalyishyaunain払eNagaraRiverEsもuary
51
0 0 0 0 5
とて空∈−Sち×むp亡−S−帽よ亡巾一d M
F8b.,97
、 てトー‥−○−‥・−0
8 N
5 N
4 N
3 N
N2 N3 伸事 N5 N6NI N2
Stl爪10∩
Nl
Fig.9・Pianka,sindexofsimilarityroreach8amplingdate・Opencirclesindicateindices bet\Veen Station Nland the other stations;SOlid circles,indices between station N6
andtheotherstations;andstars,indicesbetweenneighboringstations.
CotLusreLniElarl・aeandjul・eniles
PreflexionlarvaltoJuVenilestagesofCo助Srein£iwerecouectedinFebruaryandÅpril・Althoughless abundantin1995and1996,they購reeXけemelyabundantin1997(Fig,15)・InF¢bruary1997,prerlexion topostrlexionlarvae(5ふ10.6mmBL)werecollected(Fig・16),themeanbodyl◎ngth8aもthe upper stationsofboththeNagara(N4−N6)andIbi(Ⅰ3−Ⅰ4)Riversbeingsigniricantlygreatertbanatも加lo椚r stations(Nl−N3andIl;P<0.01).
InApril1997,1arvaeonlyoccurredatthelowerNagaraRiversもationsandbothlarvaeandjuvenilesat theIbiRiverstations.Sampleseolleeもedat七heNagaraRiverstationseonsistedoronlyflexionlarvae
(8ふ10.7mmBL),Withara汰¢rnarrOWbodylengthra咽e(Fig,1軋 How飢er,沈oseattheIbiRiver
メ‥−−ミ!・・上さニデ、…ミ∴・:、∴ご〜ミミ〔三∴、ミ.Iトト:、∴∴−−・‥it:ミ∴:!.王∴ミ:二∴・、…ご:ぐミ・い.ご;て・二:∴:こ‥−ここ:−ニーミ∴‥∴・
52
警芸忘議Ⅷ5︒㌍U︒▼︒2−︒
川柳脚㈹⁝刷紺︒
●コ巾︑篤己コ望聖r空相S竜>≡巾S⊃Sの○︼官営孟−○︼中q∈コZ
NI N2 N3 N4 N5 N¢ KI K2
⁝㈹㈹ 摘㈹は㍑
N N K N N
NI N2 Nユ N4 N5 N8 K 氾⁝ 場印.d心﹂
NI N2 Nう Nヰ N$ N¢ 】2 椅
N N
刷㈹冊‖ 瞞㈹⁝MN‖ ‖N
NI N2 N3 Nq N5 N6 1113 14 200
1SO lOや
S0
0
ト仇∴qu﹂
10 20 30
Bodyしongthtm呵
Fig.11.Bodylengths orPLecogZossLLS CELLiueLis o吊uelislar\▼ae.Horizontalbarsindicate ranges,Verticalbars means and rectan−
glesmeans±sLandardde\・iation.
NI N之 N3 Nヰ N5 N8 St8t18∩
Fig.10.Numberofダ£eごOggOぶg㍑βαま如eヱよs OZt[L・eZislar\,aeCaPturedperhaul ateacbstation.
Table7.Range,MeqnandStandardDeviation(SD)ofBodyLength(mm)
Of Catadromous PZecogEossus oZtiuelis cLZtiuelis Lar\・ae at the UpperNagaraRiverStationsinNo\・ember
1995 1996
N4 N6 N4 N5 N6
Range 4.88−8,75 5,50−7.50 5,餌場.13 5.75・臥00 5.63・7.88 Mean 7.77 6.64 7.33 7.24 7.08
SD O,45 0.84 0.38 0.35 0.38
1001且rVaemeaSur8d at eachstation.
−(ヽ
LarvalFishFaunaintheNagaraRiverEstualT 53
K13。R. 革
⊃
N8g8ra札
1
0 2∞
$0
0 140
NIN2 N3 N4 N5 N$ KIK2
鵬鵬根 購M殿 桐M Kl 桐M椚
設.Ja 説∴月¢軋
NI N2 日8 N4 N5 N6 KI K2
ち苺︑め苫亡ぎコつP亡付駕己5亡○︼ぢ︼0琶玖雲竜笛完扇∽−○毎月EコZ ほほ
.
4小 N N
NIN2 N3 N4 Nさ N6
Nag8r8R・D8m 畏
ゆの..q︳﹂
β hふ縛胡 相
N4・N¢
Nl・N3 暮3
ほ
N4・NG Nl・N3
tユー仙
川
ゆの∴一っつ
NI Hヱ Nユ ー小IN5 N6 11 は 13 1l
‖
N N
0 1(〉 20 30
BodyLongth(m叫
Fig.1乱 Bodylen酎hs ofぶαぬ門gよご最/拶ぶmねrodo托
1arvae and juveniles.HoriヱOntalbars iれdまca紬rangeぷ,yerとicaibars means and rectanglesmeans±standarddeviation.NI N2 N8 N4 日き N6 11 ほ St8tlon
yig.12.Numberor勤王α托gic如九ッぶmか−
0(gO花1arvae alld juveniles cap−
turedperhaulateachstation.
stationsshowedwider乱【噂eSinbodyleng・抽(rlexionlarvae臥4−9.9mmBL,aSingleposげ1exionlarva 12.5nlI11BLandjuveniles15.1−16.5rnmBL;Figs.16,1了).
Gobiidlarl・aC lndjul・eniles.
Atotalor6.103gobiidlar\・aeandju\・eniles\\・CreCOllect、edinthelo\\▼errCaChesofthe Nagal・a.1biaIld KisoRivers・Approximately80%wereidentifiedas升ideTuigerb擁scialus,qhaeTWgObiusurota乾草ia eomplex,Acα乃£九ogoむ;㍑ぷ/ヱαUimα花㍑8andA・Zα£わeざ,theremainderbei咽unidentiriableand声Or七味intD
1rorms.GobiidaeNA.NB,NCandNK.Ofthegobiidlar\・aeand ju\・eniles.excluding badly damaged specimens,A.βαUimα托払gWaS払e greatest numerically,aCCOunting for79,9%ofもbe gobiidはteh.
メいこ、!?・J∴‥−、・:ご、二、−ご.・㌫∴−∴一i卜こ・∴・、Jl、モ!−、ミご∴−し1モ。∴‡●∴∴r、・一三ミ.ごごモーこ.‥−∴…∴J∴∴・
54
■U O ▲U ■U ︷リ 0 ■U ▲U ■u ■a ■/ ▲0 5 ■■ ■J ウ一 l − 1
NI N2 N3 N4ト15 N$
$$ヰ82 1︒謝掴組澗㈹駒︒3 2
一コ巾︑ゆ空モむ>⊃つPU巾山元>−q﹂∪芯﹂S⊃右OU−0﹂むq∈⊃ヱ
ち眉こ型空論一EOpOh登ヒ乳首玉島昏−柏崎葛L申q∈nZ
NI N2 Nュ N4 N5 N6 は 13
∧V 5
Nl舶 Nき 仙I N5 N$
NI N2 N3 Nヰ N5 N8 Stさt10∩
4 ¢ 8 用12 かl購†82022242¢28 ユO
Bodyしength(mm)
Fig.14.Size composition ofぶαgα花gic加ゎッβ
microdo花1arvae and juveniles coト 1ectedin April1995,May1996and April1997.
Fig.15.Number ofCo比㍑ざre£乃££1arvae and ju\▼eniles captured perhaulat eaeh station.
Gobiidae NA accounted for15.6%,and Gobiidae NB and C.urotaeniacomplexl.9 andl.7%,
respectively.Theremaindercomprisedlessthan196.
Morphologicalchal・aCtCristicsandecologicalaspectsortheunidentiriablegobiids\\rereaSrOllo\\▼S:
Goわ;i血e脳−Bodyelongated,Ca.26myomeres,pOOrly plgmented;dorsumlacking・m¢1anophores;
dorsalsurfaceofgasbladderheaYilypigmented;aSinglelal・gebranchedmelanophorepresentonvenLral midlineoftail(Fig.18A).Yolksactoflexionlarvaewerecollectedatallstations,mainlyinsummer.
Thelarvacoccu)Tedatboththeupperandlo、VerStationsintheNagaraRi\・erafterthe dam gates\Vere
elosed.
Goむ;Z血e〃ぷ−Bodyelo咽aもed,C臥26myomeres;aSl喝1elargebranched melanophore present on
dorsalmidlincoftail:aSeriesorrnelanophoresondorsalsurfaceofvisceralcavit)・COntinuous\\−iththose alongventralmldlin¢Ofと卑il,rOrming・aSing・1eblaekline(Fig.18B).Prerlexまonandflexionlarva¢Were COllectedrromspringtoautumn(p組kin$ummer)atallsもations,eXCepもⅠ2andI3.でbelan7aeOCCurred
atboththeupperandthelowerstationsintheNagaraRi、▼erafterthedamgntes\VereClosed.
GobfidoeNC−Bod)・Clon呂・atCd,Ca、26m)・Omel・eS;a SmalllllClanopI】OrepreSent On dorsalmidlineor
tail;melanophoresondorsalsurraceorvisc8raleav比ywells叩aratedrromeachother;aSlng・l¢Well
LarvalFishFaunainもheNagaraRiverEstuary
55
…
F¢b.●ささ
● 4 1
N N ⁝⁝削 ‖
N N
10 BodyLongth(mmI
Fig.16.Bodylengths or Co紬βrei花£ilarvae and juveniles.
Horizontalb8.rSindicaもe ran酢S,Verticalbars me8.nS andrectanglesmcans±standardde\・iation.
一1 0 2 3
一コqエ︑s−m⊃Pち葛∪OLむq∈⊃Z
8 9 10 11 12 13 1ヰ 15 18
日odyしOngth(mm)
Fig.17.Size composition o(Co血S reiTZ[ilal・VaCandju\・CIliles eol−
1ecとedまnApril1997.
Fig.18.Fourrormsofunidentiriablegobiidlar\・ae.
A…GobiidaeNA,ぎRLM24163,prerlexion larva,3.5mmBし2July1994,St.N4.
B−Gobiidac NB,FRL入;12√116・l,prCrlcxion larva,3.2mmBL,2July1994,St.N4.
C−GobiidaeNC,アRLM24165,preflexion laI・、・a.3.1mmBL,5August1996,SLlく2.
D−GobiidaeNK,FRLM24166,preflexion larva,5.7mmBし15下 ebruary1997,St.Il.
「.. ト∴:ミ..ミミ七:一十∴、:・1一二・..1∴■:ミ;、・:∴: −‥tミ;∴−1き二:、、こ.:∴.・.・・ノ、・−∴、∴、う㌧・:、・:;ご−ミこ.・ご:ト
branchedmelanophoreonventralmid‡ineortail(Fig.18C).Prが1exionlarvaewerecollecも¢dinsummer aも血eupperstationsinもheNagara(N4−N6)and‡乞iso(K2)Rまvers・
Goわii血e Ⅳ好一Body 8longaもed,Ca・30myomeres;dorsalmidlinelacking melanophores;6 melanophoresonvenもralmidlin¢Oftail(Fig.18D).Atotalor4prefl¢Ⅹionlarvaewerecoll¢Ctedin
summerandwinteratstaもionIl.
Discussion
CllaraCtCl・isticsofttlClarl・alandjul・enilcrishfaunainthelo\l・CrrCaChesorthcN噂araRil・er
ThelaTValandjuvenilefishescollectedattheNagaraRiverstationsconsistcdmainlybrackishwater
speciese・g・勤王α托gic如九ッぶm£crodo′1,diadromousmlgrakげySpedese・g・タ£ecogヱ0βぷ㍑ぷαヱ抽e〜i8α払 ueg£βandCo££昆ぶre£花i,andmanyeoasは1marin¢SpeCi8S臥g.βαr(ゴi花eヱZαZ㍑花αβi,gO′10ぷ王「比Sp㍑融α孟㍑ぷ,
励堺Ⅶ揖=極細祓肌(Engraulidae),OJ乃0むrα花C加βegegα托ぷ(Blenniidae)and Aeα乃班ogoわi昆ββαUi−
moTil上S.Marinefishes\\,ereCOllectedmainlyatthelowerstatiollS.Nl−N3,e、1enWhenthedamgateswel・e opⅢ,althougharewg.ノ叩0乃ic㍑β1arvaewereはken飢StationN4〈6.5kmfromtherivermouth)and SardineLla=lLTICZSiandKczrei!LSbicoLoratLES(Pleuronectidac)1arvacatN5(10.Okm).^ftel・thed8.mgateS werecIosed,nOmarinefishlarvaeor3uVenilesoccurredattheupperNagaraRiverstaもions.Therefore,
itwasclear血色tmarinefishlarvaeandjuvenileswereusuallyrestricもedtowithinca・5kmabov¢the rivermouth,rarelyoccurrl咽beyondthaも即enWhenthedamgateswereop弧 Althoughmostor汰e marinerまsheggsweretakenrrom如ationsNlandN2,助rdf汀eヱ〜αZ 乃αざieg卵OCCurredatstaもionN4
Whenthegateswereopen.
Amongsもthelarvae collected during thi8Sもudy,P・α・αヱ如eg£βW8re the greatest numerically−
accounti咽rOr42.6%of血eぬtalcatch.Acα花班ogoむi㍑ぶ刃αぴ£mα乃比gCOmprised26・0%ortheto七色lcatれ andCo血βrei花££,蝕加g£ご九頗ぶmかodo花,GobiidaeNAandぷαrdi花e£〜αg㍑花αぷ£7.4,6−1,5・1and3・1%,
respectively.Theremainlng SpeCies comprisedless than2%by number・Because ofthe different m如hodsandgearused,itisdi汀iculもtoeompare払epresenもresult$indetailwiththoseofprevious workers.However,P.a.altiuelisandgobiidlarvaewerealsofoundtobedominantintheShimanto Riverestuary,Shikoku,Japan.8〉
Thespeeiescomposi伍onorthelarvalandjuvenilefishesin血ekwerreachesorthe Nagara Riv群
chan酢dbothseasona11yandspaもially(Fig.5).Seasonalchangeswereperiodic.eachseasonbei咽 charaeteriヱedby a partieularfaunalcomplemenもat each staもion(Table6):鮎㌻ぬeヱZαZ比花α5£,0・egegα花gandothermarin¢risblarvaeandjuvenilesa=ムelowerstations(NトN3),andGobiida¢NAat血 upperstations(N4−N6),insummer;及ノ叩0花ic㍑点and点呼Om㍑ごe花㍑ぎSp(p)・atthelowerstationsandダ・
a.aztiL!elisatalmosLa11stations,inautumn;ChaenogoむilLSILrOLcLeT血complexandjl・j−laL・imaTlとJSatthe lo\VerStationsandColtLLSreiTliiEltmainlytheupperstations,inwinLcr;SaloTtgicht]り・S′涙crodonandjll βαU£mα托㍑ぶatthelowersもationsandGobiidaeNA,N】きandCゐαe花OgOわ£比ぶ沈rO比ほ花£αCOmplex at the
upp¢rStations,insprlng.Spatまalchangesintbelarvalandjuvenilefishrauna$appearedtobecomplex
(Fig.軌suchfaunaschan離ng abruptly between statまons N2and N30r beもWeen N8and N4,inもhe
summerseasons.However,beeausemlgratOrylarvaeweredistributedwidelylnthees七uary,汰elarval fishfaunagraduallychangedspatiallyduringtheotherseasons,eVenafterthedam g・ateS had been