PowerPoint プレゼンテーション

受動態(講習)

1

Today’s goal

1. 受動態の作り方

2. 受動態 by以下の省略

3. by以外の前置詞を使う受動態

• 私の母親がこの夕食を作った。(cook)

• My mother

________ this dinner

.

3

S(主語)

• この夕食は私の母親によって作られた。

• This dinner _____ ________ ____

my mother

.

過去分詞:過去形と同じ,

動詞の原形

_{+ ______}

V(動詞)

O(目的語)

• 彼らはあのグループが大好きだ。

• They

_______ that group.

4

S(主語)

• あのグループは彼らによって愛されている。

• That group ____ _______ ____ _______.

過去分詞:過去形と同じ,

動詞の原形

₊

_(e)d

byの後ろの代名詞は_________

V(動詞)

O(目的語)

受動態…される

元々の目的語+be動詞

+過去分詞+by+元々の主語

• 有名な作家がこの本を書いた。(write)

• The famous writer

_______ this book.

5

S(主語)

• この本は有名な作家によって書かれた。

• This book _____ _______ ____

the famous writer

.

過去分詞:過去形と同じ,

動詞の原形

₊

_(e)d

過去分詞:不規則変化あり write-wrote-written

V(動詞)

O(目的語)

受動態…される

• 彼らがこれらの写真を撮った。(take)

• They

_______ _______

pictures.

6

S(主語)

• これらの写真は彼らによって撮られた。

• _______ pictures _____ _______ ____ ______.

過去分詞:過去形と同じ,

動詞の原形

₊

_(e)d

過去分詞:不規則変化あり take-took-taken

byの後ろの代名詞は代名詞

V(動詞)

O(目的語)

受動態…される

元々の目的語+be動詞

+過去分詞+by+元々の主語

受動態にしてみよう

1. He uses

that table.

2. She likes

those books.

3. Many children watched

this movie.

4. We cleaned

these rooms.

7

元々の目的語+be動詞

+過去分詞+by+元々の主語

過去分詞:過去形と同じ,

動詞の原形

₊

_(e)d

受動態にしてみよう

5. 太宰治

wrote

a lot of novels. (write-wrote-written)

6. That man broke

the window

. (break-broke-broken)

7. Mary read

these books. (read-read-read)

8. Mr. Children sings

this song. (sing-sang-sung)

8

元々の目的語+be動詞

+過去分詞+by+元々の主語

受動態にしてみよう

9. Those people built

these houses. (build-built-built)

10. They make

our school lunch. (make-made-made)

11. She found

my bag. (find-found-found)

12. Jack cut

this tree. (cut-cut-cut)

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元々の目的語+be動詞

+過去分詞+by+元々の主語

1. このシャツは中国製だ。(make-made-made) • This shirt _____ _______ ____ China.

2. シンガポールでは英語が話される。(speak-spoke-spoken) • English _____ _______ ____ Singapore.

3. 彼の財布が盗まれた。(steal-stole-stolen) • His wallet _____ _______.

4. このお寺は100年前に建てられた。(build-built-built)

• This temple _____ _______ one hundred years _____ . 5. 教室の窓が割られた。 (break-broke-broken)

• A ________ in the classroom _____ _______.

6. その宝物はこのあたりに隠されている。 (hide-hid-hidden) • The treasure _____ _______ around here.

1.2 言わなくても分かる

3.4 誰か特定できない

5.6 誰か隠したい _____以下を省略 10

7. 野菜はその店で売られている。(sell-sold-sold) • Vegetables _____ _______ ______ the store. 8. 彼はその戦争で殺された。(kill)

• He _____ _______ _____ the war.

9. たくさんの人がそのパーティーに招待されていた。 (invite) • A lot of people ______ ________ _____ the party.

10. 英語はたくさんの国で話されている。

• English _____ _______ _____ many _________. 11. サッカーは世界中でプレーされている。

• Soccer _____ _______ _____ ______ the world.

12. 私たちのオフィスは8月13日から18日まで閉まります。(close) • Our office will _____ ______ ______ August 13th _{____ 18}th_.

13. Mt. Fujiはここから見ることができる。 (see-saw-seen) • Mt. Fuji can _____ _____ ______ here.

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Photo by Thomas Hawk on Trend hype / CC BY-NC

1. 私の給料は今月支払われていない。(pay-paid-paid) • My salary _____ _____ ______ this month.

2. 洋書はここでは売られていない。(sell-sold-sold) • Foreign books _____ _____ ______ here.

3. この機械はもう使われていない。

• This machine _______ ______ anymore. 4. 彼女は誰にも見られなかった。(see-saw-seen)

• She _______ ______ by anyone.

5. その手紙は彼のところに送られなかった。(send-sent-sent) • The letter ________ ______ ____ him.

6. このコンピューターは修理することができない。(fix) • This computer ___________ _____ _______.

7. 彼はそのパーティーに招待されないだろう。(invite)

• He ______ _____ ________ _____ the party. 13

1. この車はドイツ製ですか。

• _____ this car _______ _____ Germany? 2. フランス語はカナダで話されていますか。

• _____ French _______ _____ Canada?

3. これらの絵はあなたの娘によって描かれましたか。(draw-drew-drawn) • ______ these pictures ________ _____ your __________?

4. あれらの写真はどこで撮られたのですか。 • _______ ______ these pictures ________?

5. このグラフには何が示されていますか。(show-showed-shown) • _______ ______ ________ in/on this graph?

6. その山はいつ見ることができますか。

• _______ ______ the mountain ______ _______? 7. そのパーティーには誰が招待されていますか。

• _______ _____ _______ to the party? ₁₄

15 原形 過去形 過去分詞 be(am) be(are) be(is) begin become bring buy catch come cut do 原形 過去形 過去分詞 eat fall feel find get give go grow have hear know

16 原形 過去形 過去分詞 leave make meet put read run say see sell send set 原形 過去形 過去分詞 sing sit sleep speak swim take teach tell think understand write

17

肯定文 否定文 疑問文

Young people like this song. The students use this room. He loves those cats.

She made this cake. They wrote these letters. We took those pictures. <解答巻末>

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Yes no

Is this song liked by young people?

Is this room used by the students?

Are those cats loved by him?

Was this cake made by her?

Were these letters written by them?

Were those pictures taken by us?

1. I was surprised at his failure. (fail 失敗する) • surprise …を驚かす

2. I was disappointed at your behavior. (behave ふるまう) • disappoint …をがっかりさせる

3. He is satisfied with the result of the exam. • satisfy …を満足させる

4. We are pleased with her success. (succeed 成功する) • please …を喜ばせる

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訳は?

5. That road is covered with fallen leaves. (fall 落ちる/leaf 葉っぱ) • cover …を覆う

6. Our life is filled with love. = Our life is full of love. • fill …を満たす

7. Japanese manga is known to people all over the world. • know …を知る

8. I am interested in space and rockets. • interest …に興味を起こさせる

20

訳は?

9. They were caught in a storm on the way to school. • catch …捕まえる

10. This house is made of wood. • make …を作る

11. Paper is made from wood.

12. Wood is made into paper.

21

訳は?

by以外の前置詞を使う受動態

• ...に覆われている

• ...でいっぱいである

• …に知られている

• (雨など)にあう

• …に驚く

• …にがっかりする

• …に満足している

• …に喜ぶ

• ...に興味がある

22 <解答巻末>

23

This table

is

made of

wood.

An onigiri

is

made of

rice.

This bag

is

made of

leather.

Paper

is

made from

wood.

Sake

is

made from

rice.

Wine

is

made from

grapes.

This wood

is

made into

a table.

This rice

is

made into

an onigiri.

This leather

is

made

into

a bag.

This wood

is

made into

paper.

This rice

is

made into

sake.

These grapes

are

made into

wine.

be made of

be made from

be made into

材料が_________製品へ

原料が_________製品へ

1. そのグラスは水でいっぱいだ。

• The glass _____ _______ ______ water. • The glass _____ _______ ______ water. 2. あの役者はたくさんの人に知られている。

• That actor _____ _______ _____ many people. 3. あなたは、歴史に興味がありますか。 • ______ you __________ _____ history? 4. 彼らはにわか雨にあった。 • They ______ ________ _____ a shower. 5. 私たちは彼女の結婚に驚いた。(結婚する marry) • We _______ _________ _____ her marriage. 6. 私はあなたの頑張りを嬉しく思っている。

• I _____ _________ ______ your hard work.

24

空欄を埋めよう

7. このテーブルは木でできている。

• This table _____ _______ ______ wood. 8. ワインはブドウから作られる。

• Wine _____ _______ ______ grapes. 9. そのブドウはワインになる。

• The grapes ______ _______ _____ wine.

10. 私は君がいなくてがっかりした。(be absent from …を欠席する) • I ______ ____________ _____ your absence.

11. 私は君の出席を嬉しく思っている。(be present 出席する) • I ______ _________ ______ your presence.

12. 私たちは全員、勝利に満足している。

• All of us ______ _________ ______ our victory.

25

空欄を埋めよう

1. This building is filled ______ people. 2. His wallet was full ______ cash(現金). 3. They are pleased ______ your support.

4. All of them are interested ______ this technology. 5. Ice is made ______ water.

6. This spoon is made ______ silver. 7. This bench is made ______ stone. 8. This stone is made ______ a bench. 9. The table was made ______ my father.

10. Mickey Mouse is known ______ all children in the world. 11. I was really satisfied ______ his performance.

12. She was disappointed ______ her child’s grade(成績).

13. The sky is covered ______ clouds. ₂₆

適切な 前置詞は?

14. We were caught ______ a traffic jam. (交通渋滞) 15. That man was caught ______ a police officer.

16. Her room is full ______ toys.

17. His room is filled ______ comic books. 18. We were surprised ______ the news. 19. He will be pleased ______ the present.

20. That teacher is known ______ all the students.

21. She won’t be disappointed ______ the result of the game. 22. They may be interested ______ this new service.

23. The top of Mt. Fuji is covered ______ snow. 24. Cheese is made ______ milk.

25. This house is made ______ bricks(レンガ).

26. These bricks will be made ______ a house. ₂₇

適切な 前置詞は?

解答

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原形 過去形 過去分詞

be(am) was been

be(are) were been

be(is) was been

begin began begun become became become

bring brought brought buy bought bought catch caught caught

come came come

cut cut cut

do did done

原形 過去形 過去分詞

eat ate eaten

fall fell fallen

feel felt felt

find found found

get got got(ten)

give gave given

go went gone

grow grew grown

have had had

hear heard heard

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原形 過去形 過去分詞

leave left left

make made made

meet met met

put put put

read read read

run ran run

say said said

see saw seen

sell sold sold

send sent sent

set set set

原形 過去形 過去分詞

sing sang sung

sit sat sat

sleep slept slept speak spoke spoken

swim swam swum

take took taken

teach taught taught

tell told told

think thought thought

understand understood understood

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動詞の意味

原形 意味 原形 意味 be(am) eat …を食べる be(are) fall 落ちる be(is) feel …と感じる begin …を始める find …を見つける become …になる get …を得る bring …を持って来る give …を与える buy …を買う go 行く catch …を捕まえる grow 成長する come 来る have …を持っている cut …を切る hear …が聞こえる do …する know …を知っている <解答巻末>

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動詞の意味

原形 意味 原形 意味 leave …を去る sing …を歌う make …を作る sit 座る meet …と会う sleep 寝る put …を置く speak …を話す read …を読む swim 泳ぐ run 走る take …を取る say …と言う teach …を教える see …が見える tell …に知らせる sell …を売る think …と思う/考える send …を送る understand …を理解する set …をセットする write …を書く <解答巻末>

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肯定文 否定文 疑問文

Young people like this song.

This song is liked by young people.

This song isn’t liked by young people.

Is this song liked by young people? The students

use this room.

This room is used by the students.

This room isn’t used by the students.

Is this room used by the students? He loves those

cats.

Those cats are loved by him.

Those cats aren’t loved by him.

Are those cats loved by him? She made this

cake.

This cake was made by her.

This cake wasn’t made by her.

Was this cake made by her? They wrote

these letters.

These letters were written by them.

These letters

weren’t written by them.

Were these letters written by them?

We took those pictures.

Those pictures were taken by us.

Those pictures weren’t taken by us. Were those pictures taken by us? <解答巻末>

34

Yes no

Is this song liked by

young people? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. Is this room used by the

students? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. Are those cats loved by

him? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Was this cake made by

her? Yes, it was. No, it wasn’t.

Were these letters

written by them? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

Were those pictures

taken by us? Yes, they were. No, they weren’t.

1. I was surprised at his failure. (fail 失敗する) • surprise …を驚かす

• 私は彼の失敗に驚いた。

2. I was disappointed at your behavior. (behave ふるまう) • disappoint …をがっかりさせる

• 私はあなたの態度にがっかりした。

3. He is satisfied with the result of the exam. • satisfy …を満足させる

• 彼は試験の結果に満足している。

4. We are pleased with her success. (succeed 成功する) • please …を喜ばせる

• 私たちは彼女の成功を喜んでいる。

35

訳は?

5. That road is covered with fallen leaves. (fall 落ちる/leaf 葉っぱ) • cover …を覆う

• その道は落ち葉で覆われている。

6. Our life is filled with love. = Our life is full of love. • fill …を満たす

• 私たちの人生は愛で満たされている。

7. Japanese manga is known to people all over the world. • know …を知る

• 日本の漫画は世界中の人に知られている。

8. I am interested in space and rockets. • interest …に興味を起こさせる

• 私は宇宙とロケットに興味がある。

36

訳は?

9. They were caught in a storm on the way to school. • catch …捕まえる

• 彼らは学校に行く途中、嵐にあった。

10. This house is made of wood. • make …を作る

• この家は木で作られている。

11. Paper is made from wood.

• 紙は木で作られている。

12. Wood is made into paper.

• 木は紙になる。

37

訳は?

by以外の前置詞を使う受動態

• ...に覆われている

• ...でいっぱいである

• …に知られている

• (雨など)にあう

• …に驚く

• …にがっかりする

• …に満足している

• …に喜ぶ

• ...に興味がある

38

1. be covered

with

2. be filled

with

3. be known

to

4. be caught

in

5. be surprised

at

6. be disappointed

at

7. be satisfied

with

8. be pleased

with

9. be interested

in

<解答巻末>

1. そのグラスは水でいっぱいだ。

• The glass _____ _______ ______ water. • The glass _____ _______ ______ water. 2. あの役者はたくさんの人に知られている。

• That actor _____ _______ _____ many people. 3. あなたは、歴史に興味がありますか。 • ______ you __________ _____ history? 4. 彼らはにわか雨にあった。 • They ______ ________ _____ a shower. 5. 私たちは彼女の結婚に驚いた。(結婚する marry) • We _______ _________ _____ her marriage. 6. 私はあなたの頑張りを嬉しく思っている。

• I _____ _________ ______ your hard work.

39

空欄を埋めよう

filled with is is full of is _{known to} Are interested in were caught in were surprised at am pleased with <解答巻末>

7. このテーブルは木でできている。

• This table _____ _______ ______ wood. 8. ワインはブドウから作られる。

• Wine _____ _______ ______ grapes. 9. そのブドウはワインになる。

• The grapes ______ _______ _____ wine.

10. 私は君がいなくてがっかりした。(be absent from …を欠席する) • I ______ ____________ _____ your absence.

11. 私は君の出席を嬉しく思っている。(be present 出席する) • I ______ _________ ______ your presence.

12. 私たちは全員、勝利に満足している。

• All of us ______ _________ ______ our victory.

40

空欄を埋めよう

made of

is

is made from

are made into

was disappointed at

am pleased with

are _satisfied with

1. This building is filled ______ people. 2. His wallet was full ______ cash(現金). 3. They are pleased ______ your support.

4. All of them are interested ______ this technology. 5. Ice is made ______ water.

6. This spoon is made ______ silver. 7. This bench is made ______ stone. 8. This stone is made ______ a bench. 9. The table was made ______ my father.

10. Mickey Mouse is known ______ all children in the world. 11. I was really satisfied ______ his performance.

12. She was disappointed ______ her child’s grade(成績).

13. The sky is covered ______ clouds. ₄₁

適切な 前置詞は? of with with in from of of by to with into at with _{<解答巻末>}

14. We were caught ______ a traffic jam. (交通渋滞) 15. That man was caught ______ a police officer.

16. Her room is full ______ toys.

17. His room is filled ______ comic books. 18. We were surprised ______ the news. 19. He will be pleased ______ the present.

20. That teacher is known ______ all the students.

21. She won’t be disappointed ______ the result of the game. 22. They may be interested ______ this new service.

23. The top of Mt. Fuji is covered ______ snow. 24. Cheese is made ______ milk.

25. This house is made ______ bricks(レンガ).

26. These bricks will be made ______ a house. ₄₂

適切な 前置詞は? of in by with at with to at in with from of into _{<解答巻末>}