paper_nakasaki.dvi

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

1.1 . . . 1 1.2 . . . 6 1.3 . . . 7 2 自動車空調音の印象を調査する主観評価実験 10 2.1 . . . 10 2.2 . . . 10 a) . . . 10 b) . . . 13 c) . . . 16 2.3 . . . 22 a) . . . 22 b) . . . 23 2.4 . . . 25 a) . . . 25 b) . . . 25 c) . . . 26 iv

(5)

3 心理音響評価量を用いた主観評価 32 3.1 . . . 32 3.2 . . . 32 a) . . . 32 b) . . . 33 c) . . . 35 3.3 . . . 36 a) . . . 36 3.4 . . . 37 a) . . . 37 b) . . . 39 3.5 . . . 41 4 自動車空調音の温感を含む主観評価 42 4.1 . . . 42 4.2 . . . 42 4.3 . . . 44 a) . . . 44 b) . . . 44 c) . . . 45 d) . . . 46 e) . . . 53 4.4 . . . 57 v

(6)

5.2 . . . 66 a) . . . 66 b) . . . 67 c) . . . 67 5.3 . . . 69 a) . . . 69 b) . . . 69 c) A . . . 70 d) . . . 71 e) . . . 74 5.4 . . . 77 5.5 . . . 85 6 結論 86 謝辞 90 参考文献 92 vi

(7)

1.1 本研究の背景

1), 2)

(8)

1.1 (A) (Blower Unit) (B) (HVAC Unit) (C) (Duct)

(9)

(A) Blower Unit

(

ブロワーユニット

)

(B) HVAC Unit

(

ヒーター

&

クーラーユニット

)

(C) Duct

(

ダクト

)

図 1.1 2

(10)

A A 40 dB 1 kHz (0 dB) 1.2 dB(A) A A 1. 2.

(11)

100 1000

10000

−60

−50

−40

−30

−20

−10

0

10 Relative response (dB)

Frequency (Hz)

Flat

A−weighting

図 1.2 (A ) 3. HVAC A A

(12)

7–13)

1.2 本研究の目的

1.1 “ ” 1. 2.

(13)

3. 4.

1.3 本論文の構成

6

(14)

3 A

4 3

2 7

2

(15)

20 ∼ 50

(16)

2.1 はじめに

A A A

2.2 評価語選定実験

a)

自動車空調音の選定，及び収録

10

(17)

1.1

“Vent-mode” “Foot-mode” “Defroster-mode” 3

“Vent-mode”

“Foot-mode”

“Defroster-mode”

3

(18)

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

(c) Defroster mode

inlet

outlet

図 2.1 2. “Foot-mode” “Defroster-mode” 3. (Fan-Hi)

5 (LL class, Sedan type) 15 3

×5 2.1

40 dB(A) 2

(19)

b)

1), 14–16) 120 2.1 50 2.2 30 2.3 3 5 3 30 1 3 15 1 1 15 5

3 (Vent-mode Foot-mode Defroster-mode)

15 (HEAD acoustics) PC SENHEISER HD-595 (D-30) 120 30 4 4 20 18 15 ×18 × 4 1080

(20)

" ! ! %# $ $ (& * + ,$,$ -' / () 1. 3 4 5 6 7 8 0$ :'2 < 2 =' >> ?9 A; > @ DB FC > ( HEG K L' M N O P QI SJR V KT U @ YW [ \ ]X X \Z ` a b^_ ec a (( +d h f W ! jT k Jg m n ( oi ) # l op q r TUs g v w Bp x t 'u X { x $y 'z>| } 9 l $ ' ~ q

(21)

(22)

30s

3s

5s

3s

5s

3s

Air-conditioning sound presentation (3 times per test)

図 2.3

c)

実験結果

2.2 20 2.3 20 2.2 2.3

(23)

表 2.2 Order Adjective Select Order Adjective Select ratio (%) ratio (%) 1 33.3 11 26.3 2 30.6 12 26.3 3 29.0 13 26.3 4 29.0 14 25.5 5 28.6 15 25.1 6 28.6 16 24.7 7 27.5 17 24.7 8 27.5 18 24.3 9 26.7 19 24.3 10 26.7 20 23.5

(24)

表 2.3 Order Adjective Standard Order Adjective Standard deviation deviation 1 5.27 11 3.80 2 5.02 12 3.62 3 4.72 13 3.60 4 4.41 14 3.59 5 4.37 15 3.54 6 4.37 16 3.46 7 4.34 17 3.44 8 4.29 18 3.39 9 4.27 19 3.26 10 4.24 20 3.23

(25)

(2.1) r= P (xi−x)(yi −y) (N − 1)SxSy (2.1) r x y Sx Sy 2.4 1 25 0.2 120 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15% 2.4 7 1. (quiet) 2. (refreshing) 3. (heavy)

(26)

(27)

表 2.4

Adjective

Standard Select

Adjective

Standard Select

deviation ratio (%) deviation ratio (%)

おとなしい 4.34 22.7 1.23 9.8 1.06 8.6 濁った 1.99 21.2 爽快な 1.6 16.9 1.33 12.2 厚みのある 2.75 17.6 激しい 5.27 33.3 広がりのある 2.22 26.3 かさかさした 1.45 15.3 4. (wide) 5. (muddy) 6. (violent) 7. (dry) 7 0% 100% 0 2.5 35% 2.5

(28)

Standard deviation

S

el

ec

t

ra

ti

o

0

50

図 2.5

2.3 自動車空調音の主観評価

a)

自動車空調音の選定，及び収録

2.5 2.2 a) 2 DAT

(29)

表 2.5

No. Class Model No. Class Model

1 LL Sedan 7 M Minivan 2 LL Sedan 8 S Hatchback 3 LL Sedan 9 S Sedan 4 LL Sedan 10 SS Hatchback 5 LL Sedan 11 SS Hatchback 6 L Sedan Vent-mode Foot-mode Defroster-mode 3 2.2 a)

Fan-Hi Vent-mode Foot-mode

Fan-Middle

10 5 (Vent-mode: Fan-Hi & Middle

Foot-mode: Fan-Hi & Middle Defroster-mode: Fan-Hi) 1 4

(Vent-mode Fan-Hi & Middle Foot-mode Fan-Hi & Middle) 54

(HEAD acoustics)

b)

実験方法

(30)

図 2.6 7 2.6 7 0: 2: 4: 6: 2.3 3 5 3 30 0 ∼ 6 7 1 1 14 13 1 1 15 54 4 5 7 20 14 54 ×14 × 5 3780 (D-30) DAT (SENNHEISER HD-595)

(31)

2.4 a)

因子分析

SPSS17) p Z1 Z2 Z3 Zp m Z1i= a11fi+ + a1mfmi + ε1i Z_2i= a21fi+ + a2mfmi + ε2i Zpi = ap1fi+ + apmfmi + εpi (2.2) f ε f

b)

因子抽出方法

2

(32)

Factor Variance Cumulative Total ratio (%) contribution ratio (%) 1 2.54 36.24 36.24 2 1.89 26.98 63.23 3 0.95 13.61 76.83 4 0.60 8.64 85.47 5 0.45 6.47 91.95 6 0.34 4.79 96.74 7 0.23 3.26 100.00

c)

因子分析結果

2.6 3 75% 3 2.7 1

(33)

表 2.7 (1) Adjective Factor 1 2 3 −0.637 0.084 0.446 −0.034 0.102 0.723 0.047 0.961 0.075 0.091 0.542 0.407 0.894 0.219 −0.079 0.491 0.391 −0.036 0.711 −0.017 0.125 0.45 2 0.45 0.45 2.8 2.8 4 1 2 2 1 3 . 1 2 3 . Bartlett Anderson-Rubin A 2.7–2.9 2.7 A

(34)

Adjective 1 2 3 0.894 0.219 −0.079 0.711 −0.017 0.125 −0.637 0.084 0.446 0.491 0.391 −0.036 0.047 0.961 0.075 0.091 0.542 0.407 −0.034 0.102 0.723 = 0.97 A A 60 dB(A) 60 dB(A) 2.8 A A = −0.03 A A

(35)

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80 −1.5

−1

−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Factor score

Sound pressure level (dB(A))

図 2.7

2.9 A

A = −0.72

A A

(36)

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80 −1.5

−1

−0.5

0

0.5

1 Factor score

Sound pressure level (dB(A))

図 2.8

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80 −1.5

−1

−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5 Factor score

Sound pressure level (dB(A))

(37)

2.5

120 10 10 15% 7 7 3 A A 2 A

(38)

3.1 はじめに

3 A A

3.2 心理音響評価

a)

心理音響評価量

1930 32

(39)

b)

ラウドネスの算出

(Loudness) sone 1 kHz (dB) phon 3.128) _{2 ∼} 4 kHz 1 kHz 40 dB 1 sone 2 3

(40)

図 3.1 28)

2 sone 3 sone

3.2 1 kHz

(41)

1000

Frequency (Hz)

S

ound

p

re

ss

ur

e l

eve

l

(dB

)

60 0 20 40 図 3.2 Zwicker 29) ISO 532B ISO 532B

c)

シャープネスの算出

(Sharpness) acum 1 kHz 1 Bark 60 dB 1 acum Zwicker (3.1) (3.2)

(42)

0 N′_dz g′_{(z) =}                              1 (z < 14) 0.00012z4₋_0.0056z3 +0.1z2₋_{0.81z + 3.51} _{(z ≥ 14),} (3.2) N′ _z _g′_(z) 30)

3.3 心理音響評価量を用いた主観評価

a)

ラウドネス，シャープネスと評価得点との関係

2 3.1 5 5 4 = 0.88

(43)

表 3.1

Adjective Loudness Sharpness

0.030 −0.239 −0.957 −0.891 0.897 0.934 −0.607 −0.385 0.834 0.623 0.982 0.890 −0.387 −0.471

3.4 空調編集音を用いた主観評価

a)

空調編集音の準備，及び実験方法

“Vent-mode” “Vent-mode”

(44)

(Muller-BBM PAK-system)

1.3 acum 7 sone 30 sone

1 sone 24

20 sone 0.8 acum 2.5 acum 0.1 acum 18

2.3 b) 2.3 3 5 3 30 0 ∼ 6 7 1 1 14 1 1 15 42 3 5 7 20 10 42 ×10 × 5 2100 (D-30) DAT (SENNHEISER HD-595)

(45)

b)

3.2 4 4 4 A A

(46)

表 3.2

Sharpness Loudness

Adjective const. const.

Loudness Sharpness 0.224 −0.546 −0.941 −0.189 0.855 0.833 0.137 −0.451 −0.057 −0.169 0.952 0.229 0.764 −0.466

(47)

3.5

A

7 4

(48)

4.1 はじめに

4.2 空調編集音の作成

“Vent-mode” “Foot-mode”

(LL class, Sedan type) “Vent-mode Fan-Hi” “Foot-mode Fan-Hi” “Defroster-mode Fan-Hi” 3

2.2 a)

(Muller-BBM PAK-system) 42

(49)

100 1000

10000

0

10

20

30

40

50

60 Sound pressure level (dB(A))

Frequency (Hz)

Sharpness

: 0.8

: 1.1

: 1.4

: 1.7

: 2.0

図 4.1 1/3 (Vent-mode = 14 sone ) Vent-mode Foot-mode 8 11 14 17 20 23 sone 6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 acum 5 30 Defroster-mode 11 14 17 20 23 26 sone 6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 acum 5 30 90 4.1 14 sone 1/3

(50)

a)

2.3 b) 2.3 3 5 3 30 0 ∼ 6 7 1 1 15 1 1 15 90 6 4 7 2 9 20 12 90 ×12 × 4 4320 (D-30) DAT (SENNHEISER HD-595)

b)

評価得点と騒音レベル

A 4.2 – 4.4 A 3

(51)

4.2 A 2 A A A A 4.3 A A 50 ∼ 70 dB(A) 1 ∼ 2 A 4.4 A 4 A A A

c)

評価得点とラウドネス

4.5 4.6 4.3 b) 4.2 A

(52)

50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 Evaluation score

(b) quiet

Sound pressure level (dB(A)) Sound pressure level (dB(A))

Evaluation score

(a) violent

Vent Foot Defroster Vent Foot Defroster 図 4.2 (violent) (quiet) 0.8 ∼ 2.0 acum 1 2

d)

評価得点とシャープネス

4.7 4.8 4.9 – 4.11

(53)

50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vent Foot Defroster Evaluation score

(b) wide

Evaluation score

(c) refreshing

Sound pressure level (dB(A))

Evaluation score

(a) muddy

Vent Foot Defroster Vent Foot Defroster

(54)

50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50 55 60 65 70 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vent Foot Defroster Evaluation score

(b) heavy

Evaluation score

(c) warm

Evaluation score

(a) dry

(d) cool

Vent Foot Defroster Vent Foot Defroster Vent Foot Defroster

図 4.4 (dry) (heavy) (warm)

(55)

9 12 15 18 21 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 15 18 21 24 27 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loudness (sone) Evaluation score : 0.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 : 1.7 : 2.0 Loudness (sone) Evaluation score

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Sharpness : 0.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 : 1.7 : 2.0 Sharpness

violent

Loudness (sone) Evaluation score

(c) Defroster mode

: 0.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 : 1.7 : 2.0 Sharpness

violent

図 4.5 (violent)

(56)

9 12 15 18 21 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 12 15 18 21 24 27 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Loudness (sone) Evaluation score : 0.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 : 1.7 : 2.0 Loudness (sone) Evaluation score

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Sharpness : 0.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 : 1.7 : 2.0 Sharpness

quiet

Loudness (sone) Evaluation score

(c) Defroster mode

: 0.8 : 1.1 : 1.4 : 1.7 : 2.0 Sharpness

quiet

図 4.6 (quiet)

(57)

0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score

(a) Vent mode

Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score

(b) Foot mode

Loudness

heavy

(c) Defroster mode

heavy

: 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness Loudness : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness Loudness : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness 図 4.7 (heavy)

(58)

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Loudness

dry

(c) Defroster mode

dry

: 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness Loudness : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness Loudness : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness 図 4.8 (dry)

(59)

e)

温感評価語得点とシャープネス

4.12 4.13 4.3 d) 4.13(a) – (c) 1.4 acum 1.4 acum 4.3 c)

(60)

0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0

(a) Vent mode

: 23.0 Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score

(b) Foot mode

Loudness : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness

wide

(c) Defroster mode

: 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness

wide

図 4.9 (wide)

(61)

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Loudness

muddy

(c) Defroster mode

muddy

: 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness 図 4.10 (muddy)

(62)

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Loudness

refreshing

(c) Defroster mode

: 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness

refreshing

: 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness 図 4.11 (refreshing)

(63)

4.4 因子分析

2.4 b) 4.1 . 2 90% 2 4.2 2 2 4.2 4 1 5 2 . 1 2 . 2.4 c) 4.14 = 0.96 4.15

(64)

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Loudness

warm

(c) Defroster mode

: 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness Loudness : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness Loudness : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness

warm

図 4.12 (warm)

(65)

(a) Vent mode

(b) Foot mode

Loudness : 8.0 : 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 Loudness

cool

(c) Defroster mode

: 11.0 : 14.0 : 17.0 : 20.0 : 23.0 : 26.0 Loudness

cool

図 4.13 (cool)

(66)

表 4.1 Primary eigenvalue Factor Variance Cumulative Total ratio (%) contribution ratio (%) 1 5.42 60.18 60.18 2 2.97 33.04 93.22 3 0.38 4.26 97.49 4 0.12 1.33 98.82 5 0.05 0.53 99.35 6 0.02 0.23 99.58 7 0.02 0.17 99.75 8 0.01 0.15 99.90 9 0.01 0.10 100.00

(67)

表 4.2 Evaluation Factor words 1 2 −0.98 0.17 −0.96 −0.29 0.93 0.30 0.92 0.37 −0.11 −0.99 0.13 0.98 0.36 0.77 −0.64 0.70 0.57 0.64

(68)

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0 −2.0

−1.5

−1.0

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5 Loudness (sone)

Factor score

図 4.14 = −0.94 A 2

(69)

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5 −2.0

−1.5

−1.0

−0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0 Sharpness (acum)

Factor score

図 4.15

(70)

2

(71)

5.1 はじめに

30 ∼ 40

(72)

male 12 10 12 11 female 1 2 0 0 total 13 12 12 11

5.2 聴力検査

20 ∼ 50

a)

実験条件

(ITERA GN Otometrics A/S)

125 250 500 1000 2000 4000

8000 Hz 7 −20 dB ∼ 90 dB SPL

30 dB(A)

20 ∼ 58 48

(73)

b)

1000 Hz 8000 Hz 1000 Hz 125 Hz 2 1000 Hz 10 dB 1 1 1 ∼ 2 2 5 dB 5 ∼ 10 dB 3 1 2 3 2 4 1 – 3

c)

実験結果

5.1 20 30 40 50 4 5.1 5.1 1000 2000 Hz 125 250 500 Hz

(74)

100

0 1000

10000

5

10

15

20

25 Frequency (Hz)

Sound pressure level (dB)

40s

50s

図 5.1 4000 8000 Hz 8000 Hz 20 50 20 dB 1/3 20 Hz ∼ 20 kHz

(75)

5.3 a)

空調音の編集

(LL class, sedan

type) “Vent-mode Fan-Hi” “Foot-mode Fan-Hi” “Defroster-mode Fan-Hi”

3 4.3 c) – e) “Vent-mode” “Foot-mode”

(LL class, Sedan type) “Vent-mode Fan-Hi” (Muller-BBM PAK-system) 8 11 14 17 20 23 sone 6 0.8 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.0 acum 5 30 ( 6 × 5 ) 30

b)

実験方法

2.3 b) 2.3 3 5 3 30 0 ∼ 6 7 1 1 15 1 1 15

(76)

3 9 5.2 20 ∼ 50 48 30 × 48 × 3 4320 (D-30) DAT (SENNHEISER HD-595)

c)

ラウドネス及び

A

特性騒音レベルと評価得点

5.2(a) – (c) 0.8 1.4 2.0 acum (a) (b) (c) 5.3(a) – (c) 0.8 1.4 2.0 acum 3

(77)

5.2(d) – (f) 5.3(d) – (f) 0.8 1.4 2.0 acum A 5.2 5.3 (a) – (c) A

d)

シャープネスと評価得点

5.4 5.5 14 20 sone 5.6 – 5.8 14 20 sone

(78)

50.00 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 1 2 3 4 50.00 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50.00 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 0 1 2 3 4 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evaluation score 40s 50s

Evaluation score

Sharpness = 1.4 (acum) Sharpness = 2.0 (acum) Evaluation score Loudness (sone) Evaluation score Loudness (sone) Evaluation score Loudness (sone) Sharpness = 1.4 (acum) Sharpness = 2.0 (acum) 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

図 5.2 (violent) (a) – (c), (violent)

(79)

50.00 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50.00 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 50.00 55.0 60.0 65.0 70.0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 9.0 12.0 15.0 18.0 21.0 24.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evaluation score 20s 30s 40s 50s

Evaluation score

Sharpness = 0.8 (acum) Sharpness = 1.4 (acum) Sharpness = 2.0 (acum) Evaluation score Loudness (sone) Evaluation score Loudness (sone) Evaluation score Loudness (sone) Sharpness = 0.8 (acum) Sharpness = 1.4 (acum) Sharpness = 2.0 (acum) 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

図 5.3 (quiet) (a) – (c), (quiet) (d) – (f)

(80)

0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 Evaluation score Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score Sharpness (acum) 40s 50s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.4 (muddy)

e)

シャープネスと温感評価語

5.9 5.10 14 20 sone 5.3 d)

(81)

0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evaluation score Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score Sharpness (acum)

Loudness = 14.0 (sone) Loudness = 20.0 (sone)

20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.5 (refreshing) 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evaluation score Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score Sharpness (acum)

20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.6 (heavy)

(82)

0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 Evaluation score Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score Sharpness (acum)

20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.7 (wide) 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.8 2.1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Evaluation score Sharpness (acum) Evaluation score Sharpness (acum)

20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.8 (dry)

(83)

20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.9 (warm) 5.3 c)

5.4 各年代における因子分析

2.4 b) 5.2 4.4 2 90% 2 5.3 20 ∼ 30 5.4 40 ∼ 50

(84)

20s 30s 40s 50s 20s 30s 40s 50s

(a)

(b)

図 5.10 (cool) 表 5.2 Factor Contribution ratio (%) 20s 30s 40s 50s 1 64.35 62.19 61.91 51.60 2 32.11 31.64 33.47 41.98 Total 96.46 93.83 95.38 93.58

(85)

20 ∼ 50 4.4 2 2 20 ∼ 50 2 5.3, 5.4 20 ∼ 40 6 1 3 2 50 5 1 4 2 50 2 1 2 . 2.4 c) 5.11 20 ∼ 50 5.12 20 ∼ 50

(86)

表 5.3 20 30 Evaluation 20s 30s word Factor Factor 1 2 1 2 0.994 0.064 0.965 0.258 −0.994 −0.013 −0.962 −0.125 0.977 −0.156 0.984 −0.132 0.958 0.175 0.752 0.407 −0.933 −0.232 −0.798 −0.500 −0.935 0.296 −0.899 0.354 −0.123 0.986 0.017 0.990 0.120 −0.972 0.089 −0.970 0.358 0.846 0.513 0.805

(87)

表 5.4 40 50 Evaluation 40s 50s word Factor Factor 1 2 1 2 0.983 0.154 0.981 0.033 −0.967 −0.168 −0.966 −0.197 0.950 −0.233 0.902 −0.387 0.944 0.186 0.877 0.017 −0.880 −0.390 −0.775 −0.505 −0.927 0.244 −0.578 0.757 −0.010 0.978 0.045 0.990 0.064 −0.979 0.017 −0.965 0.258 0.895 0.324 0.906

(88)

5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

Loudness (sone)

Factor score

Loudness (sone)

Factor score

Loudness (sone)

Factor score

40s

Loudness (sone)

Factor score

50s

(a)

(c)

(b)

(d)

図 5.11 2 5.3 c) 5.2 20 ∼ 50 1 2 20

(89)

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 −2.0 −1.5 −1.0 −0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 Sharpness (acum)

Factor score

20s

Sharpness (acum)

Factor score

30s

Sharpness (acum)

Factor score

40s

Sharpness (acum)

Factor score

50s

(a)

(c)

(d)

(b)

図 5.12

(90)

20 32%

50 42%

“ ”

5.2

(91)

5.5

20 ∼ 50 2 ( ) 1000 Hz 2000 Hz

(92)

120 10 7 3 A 7 86

(93)

A A 2 ( ) 2 2

(94)

(A ) 2

(95)

2

(96)

2005

(97)

2007 2008

( )

(98)

, 745 – 746 (2001). 2) , , , ,“ ,” , 979 – 980 (2003). 3) , , , “ - ,” , 38, 1485 – 1492 (1984). 4) , “ ,” , 38, 1408 – 1414 (1984). 5) , “ ,” , 27, 881 – 888 (1973). 6) , “ ,” , 33, 811 – 818 (1979). 7) , , , , , “ ,” , 61, 118 – 125 (2005). 8) , , , , “ ,” ,62, 1 – 6 (2003). 9) , , , , “ ,” , 63, 122 – 130 (1990). 92

(99)

10) , , “ ,” , 46, 759 – 763 (1990) 11) , , “ ,” , 48, 807 – 812 (1992) 12) , “ ,” , 53, 462 – 465 (1997) 13) , , “ ,” , 8, 164 – 167 (1987). 14) , , , , “ ,” , 1-7-8, 745 – 746 (2002). 15) , “ ” , 53, 456 – 451 (1997). 16) , , , ,“ , ,” 54, 343 – 349(1998). 17) IBM, http://www-01.ibm.com/software/jp/analytics/spss/

18) Zwicker E., Fastl H. and Dallmayr C., “BASIC-Program for calculating the loud-ness of sounds from their 1/3-oct band spectra according to ISO 532 B,” Acustica, 55, 63 – 67 (1984).

19) S.S.Stevens, “Procedure for Calculating Loudness: Mark ,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 33, 1577 – 1585 (1961).

20) S.S.Stevens, “Perceived Level of Noese by Mark and decibels (E),” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 51, 575 – 601 (1972).

(100)

22) , , “ ,” , 13 297 – 302 (1989). 23) Von Bismarck, G. “Sharpness as an Attribute of the Timbre of Steady State

Sounds,” Acustica, 30, 159 – 172 (1974).

24) Aures, W. “A model for Calculating the Sensory Euphony of Various Sounds,” Acustica, 59, 130 – 141 (1985).

25) P. Daniel and R. Weber, “Psychoacoustic Roughness: Implementation of an Op-timized Model,” Acustica, 83, 113 – 123 (1997).

26) W. Aures, “A Procedure for Calculating Auditory Roughness,” Acustica, 58, 268 – 281 (1985).

27) E Terhardt, “On the perceptions of periodic sound fluctuation (Roughness),” Acus-tica, 30, 201 (1974).

28) , “2

,” http://www.nedo.go.jp/content/100084730.pdf

29) E. Zwicker, “ ” ( ), ( , ), 185 – 212 (1992).

(101)

学・協会誌論文

1. Ryota Nakasaki, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Masao Kasuga, “Subjective evaluation of sound images of air-conditioning system in a vehicle,” Acoustical Science &

Technology ( ), 32, 137 – 142 (2011).

2. Ryota Nakasaki, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Masao Kasuga, “Evaluation of air-conditioning sounds in a vehicle to determine thermal feelings using

psychoa-coustic parameters,” Apsychoa-coustical Science & Technology ( ),

34, 159 – 165 (2013).

(102)

Kasuga, “Subjective evaluation experiment of air-conditioning sound in a vehi-cle,” JCA2007 The Japan-China Joint Conference of Acoustics 2007, No.026, Japan (2007).

2. Ryota Nakasaki, Yukio Ozeki, Masaharu Onda, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Masao Kasuga, “Subjective evaluation of air-conditioning sound in a vehicle using psy-choacoustic parameters,” ICA 2007 19th International Congress on Acoustics, Noi-02-011, Spain (2007).

3. Ryota Nakasaki, Yukio Ozeki, Masaharu Onda, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Masao Kasuga, “Sound quality evaluation of air-conditioning sounds in a vehicle using psychoacoustic parameters,” Acoustics ’08 Paris, pp. 3805 – 3810, France (2008). 4. Nakasaki, Takaharu Ogata, Yukio Ozeki, Masaharu Onda, Hiroshi Hasegawa, and Masao Kasuga, “Subjective evaluation experiment of air-conditioning sounds in a vehicle according to the differences between generations,” KEER 2010 Interna-tional Conference on Kansei Engineering and Emotion Research 2010, CD-ROM, France (2010).

(103)

1. 小林龍司, , , , , , , , “ ,” (2006). 2. 中崎良太, , , , , , “ ,” ( ), (2007). 3. 中崎良太, , , , , , “ ,” , , (2008). 4. 緒方貴春, , , , , , “ ,” , (2008). 5. 中崎良太, , , , , , “ ,” , , (2009).