図式的推論に基づく数学授業に関する基礎的考察 : 記号論と身体化理論の視座から

著者

和田 信哉, 山本 貴之

雑誌名

鹿児島大学教育学部研究紀要. 教育科学編

巻

72

ページ

15-28

発行年

2021-03

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/10232/00031652



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  ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᩘᏛⓗάືࢆグ㏙࡛ࡁࡿࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪グྕㄽ࡜㌟య໬⌮ ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡛㇏࠿࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢグ㏙ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪グ㏙ⓗࢶ ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟つ⠊ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿつ⠊ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♧၀ࢆᚓ ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡢ ࡘࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ໬ࢫࢺࣛࢸࢪ࣮㸦3UHGLJHUHWDO㸧 ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢ஦౛ࢆグྕㄽ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࡋࡓᚋ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㌟య໬⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ༠ ᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡞ㄝ᫂࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࢀ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪஦౛ศᯒࡢ㝿࡟.LQDFK 㸦㸧ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥཎ⌮ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ  ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ḟࡢ♧၀ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋձᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡀ㐍ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕ࠿ࡽᣦ ᶆグྕ࡬ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ㌟యᛶࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋղᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕࡢࡲࡲ ࡛᧯సつ๎ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㌟యⓗ࡞௓ධࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋճ.LQDFK ࡢᅗᘧࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ ࡓグྕㄽⓗ㐃㙐ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥཎ⌮ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࢆ㐃㙐ⓗ࡟ពᅗࡍࡿᤵᴗࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ㔜せ ࡞ᣦ㔪࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ_  ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ㸪ᩘᏛᤵᴗ㸪グྕㄽ㸪㌟య໬⌮ㄽ _{ 㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫἲᩥᩍ⫱Ꮫᇦᩍ⫱Ꮫ⣔ ෸ᩍᤵ ᪂₲ᕷ❧୓௦㧗➼Ꮫᰯ ᩍㅍ}

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟  ࠸࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ᩘᏛⓗάື࡟ࡣᩘᏛࢆ๰ࡾฟࡍάືࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡛ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ άືࡢᐇ⌧ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦_{FI ྂ⸨㸪㸹)UHXGHQWKDO㸧ࠋࡲࡓࢃࡀᅜࡢᩘᏛⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡢ} ⫱ᡂࢆᶆᴶࡍࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ㸪๰㐀ⓗ࡞άືࡢᐇ⌧ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦FI ୰ᓥ㸪㸧ࠋᐇ㝿㸪 ᖺ࠾ࡼࡧ  ᖺ࡟࿌♧ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿㸦ᩥ⛉┬㸪D㸪E㸪㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᩘᏛࡢୡ⏺࡜⌧ᐇࡢୡ⏺ࡢࡑ ࢀࡒࢀࢆᚠ⎔ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩘᏛⓗάືࢆ㔜どࡋࡘࡘ㸪ᡤㅝ࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡶᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠕ๰㐀ᛶࡢᇶ♏ࠖࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀㅻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜ ࡣ㸪⿬ࢆ㏉ࡏࡤ㸪⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᩘᏛⓗάືࡢᐇ⌧ࡣ㸪≉࡟㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࡲࡔ ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟➼ࡋ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ_  ࡲࡓ㸪ᩘᏛⓗ⬟ຊࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿどぬ໬㸦YLVXDOL]DWLRQ㸧ࡣ㸪 ᖺ௦࠿ ࡽ㔜せ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚◊✲ࡀ⥆ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦FI&OHPHQWV3UHVPHJ㸧ࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪どぬ໬ࡢഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ⪅㸦YLVXDOL]HU㸧࡜ゝㄒ໬ࡢഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ⪅㸦YHUEDOL]HU㸧࡜࠸࠺ㄆ▱ ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪どぬ໬ࡢഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ⪅ࡣ✵㛫ⓗ࡞どぬ ໬ഴྥ㸦ᑐ㇟ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᅗ♧ࡍࡿഴྥࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅㸧࡜ᑐ㇟ⓗ࡞どぬ໬ഴྥ㸦ᑐ㇟ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆᅗ♧ࡍࡿ ഴྥࡢ࠶ࡿ⪅㸧࡜࡟㆑ูࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦.R]KHYQLNRYHWDO㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟ ࠾࠸࡚㸪✵㛫ⓗ࡞どぬ໬ഴྥࡣ㸪ᩘᏛⓗ๰㐀ᛶ㸦3LWWD3DQWD]LHWDO㸧ࡸ௦ᩘⓗ⬟ຊ㸦&KU\VRVWRPRX HWDO㸧࡜┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ  ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞どぬ໬ࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࢫࢣࢵࢳࡢࡼ࠺࡞⮬⏤ᗘࡢ㧗࠸⤮ᅗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡑࢀ ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢつ๎࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿᅗᘧ㸦GLDJUDP㸧࡬╔┠ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪.LQDFK5LYHUD  ࡞࡝㸧ࠋᅗᘧࡣ㸪ඛࡢどぬ໬ഴྥ࡛࠸࠼ࡤ✵㛫ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᅗᘧࢆ⏝࠸ࡓάືࡣ๰㐀 ⓗ࡞άື࡜ぶ࿴ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋᐇ㝿㸪ᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪㧗 ᗘ࡞ᩘᏛࢆ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡀᩘᏛࡢ๰㐀࡟ᙺ❧ࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ◊✲㸦_{'|UIOHU } +RIIPDQQ㸧ࡸ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᩘᏛ⪅ࡢ๰㐀ⓗάືࡸ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ๰㐀ⓗᏛ⩦ࡢᵝᏊࢆࡑࢀ࡛グ㏙ࡍࡿ◊✲ 㸦ᒣᮏ㸪㸹%DNNHU +RIIPDQQ.DGXQ]0HQ] 6LQFODLU㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᩘᏛ ⓗάືࡸᤵᴗࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡢ࡟㐺ࡋࡓࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ  ௚᪉࡛㸪ᅗᘧࢆグྕㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡍࡿ◊✲㸦౛࠼ࡤ6iHQ]/XGORZ ࡞࡝㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡣ 㢮ఝグྕ㸦LFRQ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᅗᘧࢆ㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡍࡿ◊✲㸦౛ ࠼ࡤ_{0HQ] 6LQFODLU ࡞࡝㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᣦᶆグྕ㸦LQGH[㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠࡌ} ᅗᘧࢆ◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪୍᪉ࡣ㢮ఝグྕ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㏙࡭㸪௚᪉ࡣᣦᶆグྕ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୍ぢ ࡍࡿ࡜▩┪ࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ⌮ㄽࡢࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ໬㸦3UHGLJHUHWDO㸧ࡢほⅬ࠿ ࡽࡣ㸪グྕㄽ࡜㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡀᑐẚࡉࢀ࡚┦㐪Ⅼࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࠿ࡽ㸪 ࡑࡢ⤫ྜࡢᗘྜ࠸ࢆࡶ࠺୍Ṍ㐍ࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ༠ᛂࡉࡏ࡚ᅗᘧࡢㄝ᫂ࢆࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡟ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ  ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪๰㐀ⓗ࡞ᩘᏛⓗάືࢆグ㏙࡛ࡁࡿࢶ࣮࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪グྕㄽ࡜

㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡛㇏࠿࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢグ㏙ᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪グ㏙ⓗࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟つ⠊ᛶࢆࡶࡓࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍ ࡿつ⠊ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♧၀ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ໬ࢫࢺࣛ ࢸࢪ࣮㸦3UHGLJHUHWDO㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢ஦౛ࢆグྕㄽ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࡋࡓᚋ࡟㸪 ࡑࢀࢆ㌟య໬⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ༠ᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡾ㇏࠿࡞ㄝ᫂࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋࡲ ࡓ㸪つ⠊ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♧၀࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪஦౛ศᯒࡢ㝿࡟㸪.LQDFK㸦㸧ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥཎ⌮ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ  ᮏ✏ࡢᵓᡂࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸪3HLUFH ࡢᅗᘧ࡜ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋ㸪グ ྕㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡃࠋḟ࡟㸪㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡳ ࡓᅗᘧࡢ≉ᚩ࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓᚋ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯࡢ୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡢྜᡂࡢᤵᴗࢆグྕㄽⓗ࡞ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡀ ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦౛࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ࡟㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡢ༠ᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸ ࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࡢつ⠊ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♧၀࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ  㸰㸬3HLUFH ࡢグྕㄽ࡜ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ  'LDJUDP ࡜ࡣ㸪2[IRUG/HDUQHUV'LFWLRQDU\ ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠕఱ࠿ࡀ࡝ࡇ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿㸪ఱ࠿ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᶵ⬟ ࡍࡿ࠿㸪࡞࡝ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ⥺ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ⡆༢࡞ᥥ⏬࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖ㸪ࠕᅗᘧࠖ࡜ヂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪 㛵ಀࢆ⾲ࡍᅗࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿグྕㄽⓗ࡞ᅗᘧࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪3HLUFH ࡢᤊ࠼᪉ ࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᒣᮏ㸪㸹࿴⏣㸪㸹'|UIOHU+RIIPDQQ ࡞࡝㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪3HLUFH ࡢᅗᘧࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡳࡿ๓࡟㸪ᙼࡢᛮ᝿ࢆᴫほࡋࡼ࠺ࠋ  3HLUFH ࡢᛮ᝿ࡣ㸪グྕࡸᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛ࡶ⌧㇟࡜ࡋ㸪⌧㇟ࢆࠕᏑᅾࡢᵝ┦ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ ศ㢮ࡍࡿ⌧㇟Ꮫࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡣ㸪୍ḟᛶ㸦)LUVWQHVV㸹ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶ ࡢࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸪✚ᴟⓗ࡞㉁ⓗྍ⬟ᛶ㸪_{HJ ᛶ㉁࡞࡝㸧㸪஧ḟᛶ㸦6HFRQGQHVV㸹୍ḟᛶࢆྵࡴ஧㡯㛵ಀⓗ} ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸪⌧Ꮡࡍࡿ஦ᐇ㸪HJ స⏝࡜཯స⏝࡞࡝㸧㸪୕ḟᛶ㸦7KLUGQHVV㸹஧ḟᛶࢆྵࡴ୕㡯㛵 ಀⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡢᅾࡾ᪉㸪ᮍ᮶ࡢ஦ᐇࢆᨭ㓄ࡍࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ἲ๎㸪HJ ⩦័࡞࡝㸧࡜࠸࠺  ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦&3 㸧ဵ㸧_ࠋ  ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⌧㇟Ꮫ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪3HLUFH ࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟グྕࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕグྕ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⾲ពయࡣ㸪࠶ ࡿே࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪࠶ࡿほⅬࡶࡋࡃࡣ࠶ࡿ⬟ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ఱ࠿ࡢ௦ࢃࡾࢆࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣㄡ࠿࡟ ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ேࡢᚰࡢ୰࡟➼౯࡞グྕ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡼࡾⓎᒎࡋࡓグྕࢆ๰ࡾฟࡍࠖ㸦&3㸧ࠋ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪グྕࡣࠕࠕࢃࢀࢃࢀࡢὀពࡀูࡢࡶࡢ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࢀࡣ┤ࡕ࡟グྕ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠖ㸦_2WWH S㸧࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜ࡟ᚑ࠺࡜㸪グྕࡣ  ࡘࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽᤊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⾲ពయ㸦グྕࡑࡢࡶࡢ㸹୍ḟᛶ㸧㸪ᑐ㇟㸦グྕ࡜ᑐ㇟࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸹஧ḟᛶ㸧㸪ゎ㔘㡯㸦グྕ࡜ ᑐ㇟࡜ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿゎ㔘స⏝㸹୕ḟᛶ㸧࡜࠸࠺ ࡘࡢほⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢほⅬࡑࢀࡒࢀ ࡟ࡶ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵ࡚㸪3HLUFH ࡣ  ࡘࡢグྕ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦&3㸧㸪ᮏ✏࡛ࡣᑐ ㇟ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢศ㢮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࢀࡣḟࡢศ㢮࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

 z 㢮ఝグྕ㸦୍ḟᛶ㸧㸸グྕ࡜ᑐ㇟ࡀ㢮ఝᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ z ᣦᶆグྕ㸦஧ḟᛶ㸧㸸グྕ࡜ᑐ㇟ࡀ㏆᥋ᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ z ㇟ᚩグྕ㸦୕ḟᛶ㸧㸸グྕ࡜ᑐ㇟ࡀつ⣙ⓗ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ   ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡀグྕ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡑࡢゎ㔘㡯ࡀ᪂ࡓ࡞グྕ࡜࡞ࡾࡑ ࡢゎ㔘㡯ࡀࡲࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞グྕ࡬㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪ே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆグྕࡢ㐃⥆࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕグྕ㐣⛬ 㸦VHPLRVLV㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ 3HLUFH ࡣᤊ࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᛮ᝿ࡢୗ㸪_{3HLUFH ࡣ㛵ಀࢆ⾲ࡍᅗ࡟Ṇࡲࡽࡎ㸪௦ᩘグྕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⾲⌧ࡲ࡛ࡶᅗᘧ࡜} ⪃࠼࡚࠾ࡾ㸦&3㸧㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸸ࠕᅗᘧࡣ㸪୺࡟㛵ಀࡢ㢮ఝグྕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪័⩦࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ⾲ពయ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᣦᶆグྕࡶ㸪ከᑡࡣ౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪᏶඲ ࡟୍㈏ࡋࡓ⾲㇟య⣔࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪༢⣧࡟࠿ࡘᐜ᫆࡟⌮ゎྍ⬟࡞ᇶᮏⓗ࢔࢖ ࢹ࢔࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸦&3㸧ࠋࡇࡢᘬ⏝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࠕ୍㈏ࡋࡓ⾲㇟య⣔ࠖࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠶ ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪ᵓᡂつ๎࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ  ࡲࡓ㸪3HLUFH ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᩘᏛࡣㄽ⌮Ꮫࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡞࠸Ꮫၥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦&3㸧㸪ᚲ↛ⓗ࡞᥎ㄽ࡜ᐇᅾ ⓗᢳ㇟㸦K\SRVWDWLFDEVWUDFWLRQ㸧࡜࡛≉ᚩ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸦&3㸧ࠋࡇࡢᚲ↛ⓗ࡞᥎ㄽࡢ㐣⛬࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗ ᘧࡀ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕᩘᏛⓗ᥎ㄽࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗᣦ㔪࡟ᚑ࠺ᅗᘧࢆᵓᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᣦ㔪࡟ࡼࡗ ࡚᫂☜࡟せồࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡑࡢᅗᘧࡢ㒊ศ㛫ࡢ≉ᐃࡢ㛵ಀࢆほᐹࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛵ಀࡀࡍ࡭࡚ࡢࡑࡢࡼ࠺ ࡞ᅗᘧ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ಖࡓࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ࡑࡋ୍࡚⯡ⓗ⏝ㄒ࡛ࡇࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᐃᘧ໬ࡍࡿ㸪 ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ᮏ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡢጇᙜ࡞ᚲ↛ⓗ᥎ㄽࡣ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅗᘧ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦&3㸧ࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅗᘧࢆᵓᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ࠶ࡿ㛵ಀࢆほᐹࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᐃᘧ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᩘᏛⓗ᥎ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪༢࡟ᅗᘧࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣఱࡽ࠿ࡢ㛵ಀࢆほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ሙྜࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤᗄఱ࡛ࡣ⿵ຓ⥺ࢆᘬࡃࡇ࡜㸪௦ᩘ࡛ࡣྍ⬟࡞ኚ᥮㸦ᘧኚᙧ࡞࡝㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡞࡝ ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸦&3㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱ぬྍ⬟࡞ᅗᘧࢆᵓᡂࡋ㸪ᚲせ࡞ሙྜ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡟ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ ฎ⌮ࢆຍ࠼㸪ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽ᪂ࡋ࠸㛵ಀࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୍㐃ࡢὶࢀࡀᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ ࡿࠋ  㸱㸬ᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ_  ㏆ᖺ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞_{3HLUFH ࡢᅗᘧࢆᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟᥼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ'|UIOHU㸦㸧} ࡸ+RIIPDQQ㸦㸧㸪࿴⏣㸦㸧࡞࡝ࡣᅗᘧࡸᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡀᩘᏛࡢ๰㐀ࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡢ࡟᭷⏝࡛࠶ ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ஦౛ศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᒣᮏ㸦㸧ࡸ %DNNHU +RIIPDQQ㸦㸧㸪.DGXQ] 㸦㸧࡞࡝ࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᩘᏛⓗάືࢆᅗᘧࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᩘᏛⓗάືࢆグ㏙ࡍ ࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷⏝࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ௨እ࡟ࡶ㸪どぬ໬ࡢ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧ࡬ࡢ╔┠ 㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪.LQDFK5LYHUD ࡞࡝㸧ࡸ㌟య໬⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽࡳࡓᅗᘧ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪GH

)UHLWDV 6LQFODLU0HQ] 6LQFODLU ࡞࡝㸧ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅ ࡿᅗᘧࡢグྕㄽⓗ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆࡳ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࠋ_  _{'|UIOHU㸦㸧ࡣ㸪3HLUFH ࡢᅗᘧࡢᤊ࠼᪉࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ⣬࡞࡝ࡢ፹య࡟グ㖭㸦LQVFULSWLRQ㸧ࡉ} ࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪 ඛࡢᅗᘧࡢᐃ⩏࠿ࡽ㸪௦ᩘグྕࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⾲⌧ࡶᅗᘧ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ ࠺࡞ᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ '|UIOHU㸦㸧ࡀᣲࡆࡓࡶࡢࢆ㸪5LYHUD㸦㸧ࡣḟࡢࡼ ࠺࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦S㸧ࠋ  z ᵓ㐀ⓗ㸪㛵ಀⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸹ᅗᘧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐ㇟ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ᪉ἲ࡛㓄ิࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㒊ศ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᵓᡂ せ⣲ࡀ㛵ಀ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣ㛵ಀࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᅗⓗ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ㛵ಀⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ z ෆⓗព࿡ࢆࡶࡘ㸹ࡑࢀࡽࢆ᧯స㸪ኚ᥮ࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿつ๎ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ z እⓗ㸦ཧ↷ⓗ㸧ព࿡ࢆࡶࡘ㸹ࡑࢀࡽࢆᩘᏛෆእ࡛౑⏝㸪ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆチࡍつ๎ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ z ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸹ࡑࢀࡽࡣ㸪ྠࡌ㢮ࡢಶࠎࡢ౛ࢆໟྵࡍࡿ୍✀ࡢどぬⓗ୍⯡ᛶࢆఏ㐩ࡍࡿࠋ z ▱ぬⓗ㸪≀㉁ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸹㛵㐃ࡍࡿ᧯సࡣ㸪▱ぬⓗ㸪≀㉁ⓗᩥ⬦࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ⾜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ    Ⅼ┠ࡣᅗᘧࡢ㛵ಀⓗ≉ᚩࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ࠶ࡿ᪉ἲ࡛㓄ิࠖࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᅗᘧࡢᵓ ᡂつ๎ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪 Ⅼ┠ࡢෆⓗព࿡ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢ 3HLUFH ࡢ࠸࠺ࠕ୍㈏ࡋࡓ ⾲㇟య⣔ࠖࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅗᘧࡢ᧯సつ๎ࡢᏑᅾࢆ㸪 Ⅼ┠ࡢእⓗព࿡ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡢ㐠⏝つ๎ࡢᏑᅾ ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ ࡘࡢつ๎ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࡺ࠼࡟㸪⤮ᅗ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࢁ ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪 Ⅼ┠࡜  Ⅼ┠࠿ࡽどぬⓗ࡞㓄ิ࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚⯡ⓗ㛵ಀࢆッ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ ࢃ࠿ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㢮ఝグྕ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ  ࡲࡓ_{%DNNHU +RIIPDQQ㸦㸧ࡣ㸪3HLUFH ࡢᤊ࠼᪉࡟ᚑ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࢆḟࡢ  ẁ㝵࠿ࡽ} ᡂࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸦SS㸧ࠋ   ᅗᘧࡢᵓᡂ  ᅗᘧࡢᐇ㦂  ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝࡢほᐹ࡜ࡑࢀࡽࡢ┬ᐹ   ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ᵓᡂつ๎࡟ᚑ࠸ᅗᘧࢆᵓᡂࡋ㸪ḟ࡟᧯సつ๎㸦ྍ⬟࡞ኚ᥮ࡸ⾜Ⅽ㸪᧯సࡢไ⣙ࢆつᐃࡍ ࡿ㸧࡟ᚑࡗࡓ᧯సࡸኚ᥮࡞࡝ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᵓᡂࡢ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣẼ࡙࠿ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㞃ࢀ ࡚࠸ࡓ᪂ࡋ࠸㛵ಀࢆ᥎ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃほᐹࡢẁ㝵ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ  ࡲࡓ㸪+RIIPDQQ㸦㸧ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡿ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ⾲㇟య⣔ෆ࡛ ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿሙྜ࡜ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ㸦ࠕཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸⤒㦂ࠖ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪㸧࡜࠸࠺㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᚋ⪅ ࡢሙྜ㸪ᐇ㦂࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⾲㇟య⣔ࢆ␲ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡑࢀࡽࢆぢ┤ࡋࡓࡾ㸪᪂ࡓ

࡞グྕࢆ⏕ᡂࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪᪂ࡋ࠸㛵ಀᛶࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀࡓᚋ࡟㸪 3HLUFH ࡢ࠸࠺ᐇᅾⓗᢳ㇟ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇᅾⓗᢳ㇟࡜ࡣ㸪஦≀࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࢆ஦ ≀࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿᢳ㇟໬ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࠶ࡿ㸦_{+RIIPDQQ㸪㸪S㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ 5LYHUD㸦㸧ࡣ㸪} ᅗᘧࡢᵓᡂ࠿ࡽ᪂ࡓ࡞ᅗᘧࡢᵓᡂࡲ࡛ࡢ୍㐃ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ₞㐍ⓗ࡞ᅗᘧ໬㸦SURJUHVVLYHGLDJUDPPDWL]DWLRQ㸧 ࡜࿧ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ  ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡣඛࡢ ẁ㝵࡛᏶⤖ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ほᐹࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠿ࡗࡓሙྜ ࡟ࡣ㸪¶ ᅗᘧࡢಟṇ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௚ࡢᅗᘧࡢ㑅ᢥ㸧ࡸ ¶ ᐇ㦂ࡢಟṇࢆ㐺ᐅ⾜࠺ࡼ࠺࡞෌ᖐⓗ࡞άື ࡛࠶ࡿࡋ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪㸧㸪ほᐹࡢẁ㝵ࡀḟࡢᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢࡣࡌࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿ㐃㙐ⓗ࡞άື࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ  ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪グྕㄽⓗ࡟ࡳࡓᩘᏛᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪_{3HLUFH ࡢᤊ࠼᪉࡟ᚑࡗࡓグ㏙} ⓗ࡞◊✲ࡀᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢつ⠊ⓗࢶ࣮ࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ◊ ✲ࡶᑡ࡞࠸࡞ࡀࡽᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ㸪௨๓㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡼࡿ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᤵᴗࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜ᅗࢆ ౑ࡗࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ᳨ウࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᤵᴗᵓᡂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢཎ⌮ࢆᣦ᦬ ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᒣᮏ㸪㸧ࠋ   ᅗᘧࡣ㸪⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸  ᐇ㦂ࡣ㸪࣮ࣝࣝ࡜┠ⓗࡀ᫂☜࡛࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸  ほᐹࡣ㸪๓ࡢ⾲⌧ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟↷ࡽࡋࡓ෌ゎ㔘ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸  ᪂ࡋ࠸ᛶ㉁࡞࡝ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍ㝿ࡣ㸪ࠕཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸⤒㦂ࠖࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸  ࠕཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡞࠸⤒㦂ࠖࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ㝿ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡲࡓࡣᐇ㦂ࢆಟṇࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸   ࡲࡓ.LQDFK㸦㸧ࡣ㸪3HLUFH ࡢ᥎ㄽࢆィ⏬ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞  ࡘࡢ᪉ἲ㸦(3㸧ࢆྲྀࡾ ୖࡆ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓグྕㄽⓗ㐃㙐ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥཎ⌮࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ_  ձ 」ᩘࡢ࿨㢟ࢆ୍ࡘࡢ」ྜ࿨㢟࡬࡜⤖ྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ղ ㄗࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࿨㢟࠿ࡽఱ࠿ࢆ㝖ཤࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ճ ㄗࡾࡀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟࿨㢟࡟ఱ࠿ࢆᑟධࡍࡿࡇ࡜   ௨ୖࡢᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿつ⠊ⓗ♧၀ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡀッ࠼࡚ࡃࡿᵓᡂ࡞࡝ࡢつ๎࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅗᘧ࡟ᇙ ࡵ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ♫఍ⓗ࣭ᩥ໬ⓗ࡞せᅉࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ❚࠼ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᤵᴗ࡛ไᚚࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡶࡋ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡋ࡚࠸ࡅࡤࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣࡲ ࡔ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ୖグࡢ.LQDFK ࡢཎ⌮ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢつ⠊ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ୍ࡘࡢᣦ 㔪࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᚋࡢ஦౛࡛ࡇࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ  ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞グྕㄽⓗ࡞ᅗᘧࡢ◊✲࡟ᑐࡋ㸪㌟య໬⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽᅗᘧࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸦FI GH)UHLWDV 6LQFODLU0HQ] 6LQFODLU㸧㸪௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㌟య໬⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽࡳࡓᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡳ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺ࠋ  㸲㸬㌟య໬⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽࡳࡓᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ  ㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢㄆ㆑ࡢ᰿ᗏ࡟ࡣ㌟య⾜Ⅽࡸࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪㌟యⓗ ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩘᏛⓗάືࡶㄏⓎࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ㸦FI ᙳᒣࡽ㸪㸹/DNRII 1~xH]㸧ࠋࡑ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫࡣ㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡘࡃࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᙳᒣ㸪㸧㸸ไ⣙ࡸつ๎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సࡽࢀ ࡿ⤒㦂ሙ㸪ไ⣙ࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿྍ⬟ሙ㸪つ๎ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆసࡾฟࡍ⌮ㄽሙࠋ  ࡲࡓ㸪㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡣ㸪ᅗᘧ࡜ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ㛵ಀ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ㸦ᙳᒣ㸪㸹GH)UHLWDV 6LQFODLU 0HQ] 6LQFODLU㸧ࠋࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡣグྕㄽⓗ࡟ࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㢮ఝグྕⓗ㸪㞃႘ⓗ㸪 ┤♧ⓗ࡞࡝ࡢศ㢮ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦6DEHQD㸧ࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪0HQ] 6LQFODLU㸦㸧ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧ ࡜ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ㛵ಀࢆㄽࡌࡿ୰࡛㸪ࡶࡋᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕࡔ࡜ࡋࡓࡽ㸪ࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡣࣉࣛࢺࢽࢵࢡ࡞ ᑐ㇟ࢆ༢࡟ࢥࣆ࣮ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺␲ၥࢆ࿊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ  ᣦᶆグྕࡣᩥ⬦࡟⦡ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪౛࠼ࡤ࣡ࢵࢡࢫࢆሬࡿᡭࡢࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡣ෇ࢆᣦᶆ ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࠺ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪෇ࡢᅗᘧࡣࡑࢀࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ㖄➹ࡢືࡁ࡟ゝཬࡍࡿᣦᶆ グྕ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦0HQ] 6LQFODLUS㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᅗᘧࡣࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ࡜ ᥥ⏬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚᧯స࣭ᐇ㦂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚⌧Ꮡࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ㊧࡛ࡶᛮ⪃ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ ࡶ࠶ࡿ཯㠃㸪ᚰⓗ஦ែࡢᙳ࡛ࡶᛮ⪃ࡢᢞᙳ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸㸦0HQ] 6LQFODLUS㸧ࠋᅗᘧࡣ㸪㠉᪂ⓗ ࡞ᩘᏛࡀᏑᅾ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ᪉ἲࡢࢫࢺ࣮࣮ࣜࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡣ㸪ᛮ⪃ࢆどぬ ໬ࡋࡓࡾࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢆᨭ࠼ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᅗᘧࡸࡑࡢព࿡࡜ࡢ㐠ືⓗ࣭ゐぬⓗ࡞⤒ 㦂࡟࠾࠸࡚୰ᚰⓗᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦0HQ] 6LQFODLUS㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᅗᘧ࡜ࢪ࢙ ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡣ㌟యࢆ௓ࡋ࡚┦஫స⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ౛࠼ࡤ㸪㛵ᩘᴫᛕࡢⓎ㐩㐣⛬ࢆ◊✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿஂಖ࣭ᒸᓮ㸦_{㸧࡛ࡣ㸪㛵ᩘࡢ⾲⌧㸦ᘧ࣭⾲࣭ࢢ} ࣛࣇ㸧ࡢࢩࣥ࣎ࣝ໬ࡸࢩࢢࢼࣝ໬࡟ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡀᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠ㔝⏣࣭ᒸ ᓮ㸦㸧ࡣ㸪ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㸪஦㇟࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㛵ᩘࡢᏛ⩦㐣⛬ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ୰࡛㸪 ୍⯡໬ࡢಁ㐍㸦6DEHQD㸧ࡸᴫᛕ⼥ྜ㸦<RRQHWDO㸧ࡢ௚࡟㸪ࠕࢢࣛࣇୖࡢⅬ࡜஦㇟ࡢ▐㛫ࡢ ሙ㠃ࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡢᙺ๭ࢆྠᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㛵ᩘࢆ౛࡟ࡍࡿ࡜㸪 ᩘᏛᏛ⩦࡟࠾࠸࡚ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᑐ㇟ࡀ⏕ᡂࡋࡓ ࡾ㸪ᅗᘧ໬ࡉࢀࡓࡾ㸪ᅗᘧ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᛮ⪃ࡸ⌮ゎࡀ㐍ࢇࡔࡾࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ_  ࡲࡓ㸪0HQ] 6LQFODLU㸦㸧ࡣ㸪 ேࡢᩘᏛ⪅ࡢඹྠάືࢆᅗᘧ࡜ࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮ࣕࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢほ Ⅼ࠿ࡽศᯒࡋ㸪ᅗᘧࡢ⏕ᡂ࣭㐍໬ࡢࣛ࢖ࣇࢧ࢖ࢡࣝࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟ྠᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦S㸧ࠋ   〇㐀㸸ᅗᘧࡢ⏕ᡂ  ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㸸ᅗᘧ࡜ேࡢ┦஫స⏝  ⤖ᮎ㸸ᅗᘧࡀ⏕ࡁṧࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢุ᩿

  ࡇࢀࡣ㸪グྕㄽⓗほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢẁ㝵࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᅗᘧࡢᤊ࠼᪉ ࡟㐪࠸ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྠࡌࡇ࡜ࢆ␗࡞ࡿどⅬ࡛㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡼ࠸࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ_  ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪ඛࡢ0HQ] 6LQFODLU㸦㸧࡟ࡼࡿᅗᘧࡀᣦᶆグྕ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬ࡣ㸪グྕㄽⓗ◊ ✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㢮ఝグྕ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᤊ࠼᪉࡜▩┪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛㸪ࡇࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ ࡿ&RRNH㸦㸧ࢆࡳ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ  &RRNH㸦㸧ࡣ㸪3HLUFH ࡢᩘᏛࡢ᥈✲ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜୍⯡ⓗ࡞㸦⛉Ꮫⓗ࡞㸧᥈✲ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜ࢆᑐẚࡉࡏ㸪 ᩘᏛࡢ᥈✲ࢆᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ௬ㄝ₇⧢ⓗ࡞⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡀ㸪஧ḟᛶ ࡢ᭷↓࡟኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪⛉Ꮫⓗ᥈✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㦂ᑐ㇟ࡣ஧ḟᛶ࡛ ࠶ࡿ⌧ᐇୡ⏺ࡢ஦≀࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᩘᏛⓗ᥈✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅗᘧࡣ୍ḟᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ㢮ఝグྕ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪஧ḟ ᛶࡀḞዴࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪㇟ᚩグྕ࡛࠶ࡿ୕ḟᛶ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛࡟஧ḟᛶࡀḞዴࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠿ࡽ㸪௬ㄝ࡛࠶ࡿ୍ḟᛶ࠿ࡽࡢ㐃⤡ࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ࠸࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ3HLUFH ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦ࣮ࣜࡢほ Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㸪஧ḟᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⌧ᐇᛶࡣ୕ḟᛶࢆ▱ࡿࡓࡵࡢ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿࠖ㸦&RRNHS㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪 &RRNH㸦㸧ࡣࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆゎᾘࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᅗᘧࢆ㢮ఝグྕ㸦௬ㄝ㸧࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡋᣦᶆグྕ㸦ᐇ㦂ᑐ ㇟㸧࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ᅗᘧࢆ㢮ఝグྕ࡜ࡶᣦᶆグྕ࡜ࡶࡳࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪3HLUFH ࡢᛮ᝿ࡢᢈุⓗ᳨ウ ࠿ࡽࡶᑟ࠿ࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢃࢀࢃࢀࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ୍ぢ▩┪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡳ࠼ࡿྛࠎࡢほⅬ࡛ඹ㏻ࡢ⌧ ㇟ࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ༠ᛂࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ  㸳㸬஦౛  ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡢྜᡂࢆ⏕ᚐࡀⓎぢ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ⩦㐣⛬ࢆᕤኵࡋࡓ㸪⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓ㧗➼Ꮫ ᰯ㸦_{㸧ࡢᐇ㊶ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᐇ㊶ࡣ㸪グྕㄽⓗ࡞ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ᚑࡗࡓᏛ⩦άື࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ} 㐣⛬࡛㌟య⾜Ⅽࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟⌧ࢀ࠿ࡘ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ✏ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࢀࡤ஦ ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋ  ᤵᴗࡢᴫせ   ᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ᭱ึ࡟㸪_{\ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ൅ …‘• ݔ ࡢࢢࣛࣇࡢᙧࢆண᝿ࡍࡿάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࢢࣛࣇࢆᥥࡃ} ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡀ_{ \ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ࡜ \ …‘• ݔ ࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ㓄௜ࡋࡓࠋࢢࣛࣇࢆᥥࡃ㝿ࡣ㸪\ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ࡜} \ …‘• ݔ ࡢ㏆ఝ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ƒࡈ࡜࡟ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡉࢀࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ㸪㛵ᩘࡢ್ ࢆࢢࣛࣇࡢ_{x ㍈࠿ࡽ \ ㍈᪉ྥࡢ⥺ศࡢ㛗ࡉ࡜㛵㐃௜ࡅࡿάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪x㸻ƒࡢⅬࢆࣉࣟ} ࢵࢺࡍࡿ㝿ࡣ㸪\ •‹ ݔࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ x㸻ƒࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ \ ㍈࡟ᖹ⾜࡟ᢡࡾ㸪ᢡࡾ┠ࡢ x ㍈࠿ࡽ \ ㍈᪉ ྥࡢ⥺ศࡢ㛗ࡉࢆ_{\ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡟⥅ࡂ㊊ࡍ࡜࠸࠺᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇࡢ⥺ศࡢ㛗ࡉࢆ⥅ࡂ} ㊊ࡍ᪉ἲࡣᩍᖌࡀ⏕ᚐࡢ๓࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟x㸻ƒࡢⅬࢆࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋ࡚ぢࡏࡓࠋ⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ࡇࡢసᴗ ࢆƒࡎࡘ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㸪ࢢࣛࣇࢆ᏶ᡂࡉࡏࡓ㸦ᅗ 㸧ࠋ 

ձ \ ܋ܗܛ ࢞ ࡢࢢࣛࣇ            ղ \ ξ૜ ܛܑܖ ࢞ ࡢࢢࣛࣇ       ճ ձࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ x ιࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ \ ㍈࡟  մ  ࡘࡢࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ x ι࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿ㛗ࡉࢆ ᖹ⾜࡟ᢡࡾ㸪\ ࡢ್㸦x㍈࠿ࡽࡢ㛗ࡉ㸧࡟    ⧅ࡂ㸪ྜᡂࡋࡓࢢࣛࣇࡢx ιࡢ್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍ ὀ┠ࡍࡿ                  յ մࡢࣉࣟࢵࢺࡢసᴗࢆƒ࠾ࡁ࡟㸪 ƒࡲ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡍ     ᅗ㸯 ࢢࣛࣇ࡟ࡼࡿ୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡢྜᡂ   ⏕ᚐࡣ㸪సᴗ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢢࣛࣇ࠿ࡽ ݕ ൌ ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ ଺ቁ ࡲࡓࡣ \ ʹ…‘• ቀݔ െ గ ଷቁ ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆண ᝿ࡋࡓࠋᩍᖌࡣࠕࡇࢀࡽࡢᘧࡀṇࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ☜࠿ࡵࡿ࡟ࡣ࡝࠺ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿ࠖ࡜ၥ࠸࠿ࡅ㸪ࡑࢀࡒ ࢀࡢᘧࡢྑ㎶ࢆຍἲᐃ⌮࡛ศゎࡍࢀࡤ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ൅ …‘• ݔ㸻ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ ଺ቁ ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᑟ࠸ࡓࠋ  ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ᚑࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦άືࡢグ㏙  ୖ㏙ࡢᤵᴗࢆグྕㄽⓗ࡞ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛グ㏙ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ  ➨ ẁ㝵ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡢᵓᡂ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᵓᡂࡍࡿᅗᘧࡣ㸪\ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ൅ …‘• ݔ ࢆศ㞳ࡋࡓ \ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ࡜ \ …‘• ݔ ࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡀ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟ \ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ࡜ \ …‘• ݔ ࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆᥥࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ ሙ㠃࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣƒࡈ࡜࡟ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡉࢀࡓᗙᶆࡢṇ☜ᛶࡀ࢝ࢠ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌ ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆᥥ࠸ࡓ⏝⣬ࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㓄௜ࡋࡓࠋ⏕ᚐࡀࡑࢀ࡟ྜពࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᅗᘧࡀᵓ ࡇࡇ࡟ ὀ┠ ͞͞Ͷϕϫρφ

ᡂࡉࢀࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ  ➨_{ ẁ㝵ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᘧࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ」ྜⓗ࡟⪃࠼ࡓୖ࡛㛗ࡉࢆ㊊ࡍᅗᘧࡢᐇ㦂࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐ࡟} ࡜ࡗ࡚࠶ࡲࡾ⤒㦂ࡢ࡞࠸᪉ἲ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᩍᖌࡀࢢࣛࣇࢆᢡࡗ࡚㛗ࡉࢆぢࡘࡅ㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡲ ࡛ࢆࢪ࢙ࢫࢳ࣮࡛ࣕ♧ࡋࡓࠋࢢࣛࣇ࡟ࡣࠕᶓ㍈ࡀ _{x ࡢ್㸪⦪㍈ࡀ \ ࡢ್ࠖࠕୖࡸྑࡀṇ㸪ୗࡸᕥࡀ} ㈇ࠖࢆ⾲ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ᵓᡂつ๎ࡀෆᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡞ࡀࡽ㸪 ࡘࡢࢢࣛࣇ ࢆྜᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋx ࡢ್ࡀ ƒ࠿ࡽ ƒࡲ࡛ࡣ㸪 ࡘࡢࢢࣛࣇࡢ \ ࡢ್ࡣṇ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪\ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ࡢࢢ ࣛࣇࡢ\ ᗙᶆ࠿ࡽ \ …‘• ݔ ࢢࣛࣇࡢ \ ᗙᶆࡢ್ࢆୖ࡟⥅ࡂ㊊ࡏࡤࡼ࠸ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪x㸻ƒࡢ࡜ࡁࡣ \㸻 ࡛㛗ࡉࢆࡶࡓ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪x㸻ƒ࠿ࡽᬻࡃࡣ \㸺 ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࢢࣛࣇࡢ⥺ศࡢ㛗ࡉࢆୗ࡟⥅ࡂ㊊ ࡉ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᧯సࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ࠺ࡕ࡟㸪⏕ᚐࡣ \ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ൅ …‘• ݔ ࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆ ƒ ࠾ࡁ࡟ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ  ࡇࡢᵓᡂࡸᐇ㦂࡟⥆ࡃ➨ ẁ㝵ࡀほᐹ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ᪤⩦▱㆑࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸㛵ಀࢆ ᥎ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ࣉࣟࢵࢺࡉࢀࡓࢢࣛࣇࡀ༢ㄪቑຍ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪x㸻గ ଺ ࡛ᴟ኱࡟ ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪┤⥺ x㸻గ ଺ ࢆᑐ⛠ࡢ㍈࡜ࡋ࡚⥺ᑐ⛠࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡟Ẽ࡙ࡃࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪 ᣺ᖜᖜࡀ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸࢢࣛࣇࡢᑐ⛠ᛶ࡞࡝࠿ࡽ㸪୕ゅ㛵ᩘࡢࢢࣛࣇࡔ࡜᥎ ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪x ㍈ ᪉ྥ࡬ࡢࡎࢀࡸ࿘ᮇࢆㄞࡳྲྀࡾ㸪ࢢࣛࣇࡀ \ ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ ଺ቁ ࡲࡓࡣ \ ʹ…‘• ቀݔ െ గ ଷቁ ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ ண᝿ࡍࡿࠋ_  ࡇࡇ࡛㸪\ ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ ଺ቁ ࢆᅗᘧ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࡓᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢ㐃㙐ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪」ྜⓗ࡟ ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ൅ …‘• ݔ 㸻_{ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅}గ ଺ቁ ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  㸴㸬㆟ㄽ  ୖグࡢ஦౛ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ࡲࡎグྕㄽⓗ࡟ศᯒࡋࡓᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽグ㏙ࡋ㸪 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌮ㄽࢆ༠ᛂࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢつ⠊ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウ ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ♧၀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚.LQDFK㸦㸧ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ  ㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ  ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢᵓᡂࡢẁ㝵ࡣ㸪ࢢࣛࣇࡀ༳ๅࡉࢀࡓ ᯛࡢ⏝⣬ࡀᩍᖌ࠿ࡽ⏕ᚐ࡟㓄௜ࡉࢀࡓሙ㠃ࡔ ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㓄௜ࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ᚐࡣᐇ㦂ࡢẁ㝵࡟㐍ࡴࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪⏕ᚐ࡟ ࡜ࡗ࡚ᅗᘧࡢ᧯సつ๎ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ஦౛࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀࢢࣛࣇࢆᢡࡗ࡚㔜ࡡ࡚㛗ࡉ࡜㛗ࡉࢆࡘ࡞ࡂྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺㌟య⾜Ⅽࢆక࠺ാࡁ ࠿ࡅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࢆぢࡓ⏕ᚐࡶᐇ㝿࡟㌟య⾜Ⅽࢆక࠸࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㛗ࡉ࡜㛗ࡉࢆࡘ࡞ࡂྜࢃࡏࡓࡾ㸪 㔜ࡡࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᅗᘧࡢ᧯సつ๎࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁࢢࣛࣇࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ᅗᘧࡢᵓᡂつ๎ࡶࠕୖ ࡣṇ࡛ୗࡣ㈇ࠖࡸࠕ࿘ᮇᛶ㸦ࣜࢬ࣒㸧ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㌟యᛶࡀᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㌟య⾜Ⅽࡢ ಁࡋ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡽࡀ࿧ࡧ㉳ࡇࡉࢀ㸪᧯సつ๎ࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ  ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅗᘧ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ᧯సつ๎ࢆㄞࡳྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡀᣦᶆグྕ࡜ࡋ࡚ാ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡴࡋࢁ᧯సつ๎ࡀㄞࡳྲྀࢀࡿሙྜࡣ㸪㢮ఝグྕ࠿ࡽᣦᶆグྕ࡬ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸

࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡇ࡟ᐇࡣ㸪㌟యᛶࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ஦౛࡛ࡣ㸪㢮ఝグྕ࠿ ࡽᣦᶆグྕ࡬ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ㌟య⾜Ⅽࢆᩍᖌࡀ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪⏕ᚐࡣᣦᶆグྕⓗ࡞ぢ᪉࡟ኚ ࢃࡾ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸᧯సࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ_  ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᅗᘧࡣグྕㄽⓗ࡟ࡣ㢮ఝグྕ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪᧯సつ๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚᧯సࢆຍ ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ᣦᶆグྕⓗ࡞ぢ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪㌟యࡣࡇࡢࡇ࡜ ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪᧯సつ๎࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ⌧ᐇୡ⏺࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᧯స㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㌟యࢆ ᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓ᧯సࢆಁࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᣦᶆグྕⓗ࡞ぢ᪉ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪 ᧯సつ๎࡟ᚑࡗ࡚᧯సࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㌟యࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡀᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ  ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᅗᘧࢆ㢮ఝグྕ࡜ᣦᶆグྕࡢ୧どⅬ࡛ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪グྕ ㄽ࡜㌟య໬⌮ㄽࢆ༠ᛂࡉࡏ࡚ᅗᘧࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ  ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢつ⠊ᛶ  ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕࡢࡲࡲ࡛᧯సつ๎ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ሙྜࡶ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌࡀᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ሙྜࡀᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪⏕ᚐࡀᐇ㦂࡛ ࡁࡿᅗᘧࢆᕤኵࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ኱ษ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕࡢࡲࡲ࡛᧯సつ๎ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪 ஦౛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩍᖌࡢ᪉࡛᧯సつ๎ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞㌟యⓗ࡞௓ධࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ  ࡲࡓ㸪ほᐹࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ᚐࡣࣉࣟࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢢࣛࣇࢆ\ ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ ଺ቁ ࡜ண᝿ࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ \ ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ ଺ቁ ࢆᅗᘧ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋࡓᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢ㐃㙐ࡀ㉳ࡇࡾ㸪ຍἲᐃ⌮࠿ࡽ㸪 ʹ •‹ ቀݔ ൅గ_଺ቁ㸻ξ͵ •‹ ݔ ൅ …‘• ݔ ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓࠋ.LQDFK ࡢほⅬ࡛㸪ࡇࡢ㐃㙐ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪ཎ ⌮ ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ㛵ᩘ࡜࠸࠺࿨㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᪂ࡋࡃぢฟࡉࢀࡓ㛵ಀ࡟ᑐࡋ ࡚㸪᪂ࡋ࠸࿨㢟ࢆࡘࡅ࡚」ྜ࿨㢟࡟ࡋࡓࡾ㸪㏫࡟ఱ࠿ࢆⴠ࡜ࡋ࡚⡆⣲࡞࿨㢟࡟ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪 ḟࡢ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ཎ⌮ ࡸ  ࡶྵࡵ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࢆ㐃㙐ⓗ࡟ពᅗ ࡍࡿᤵᴗࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ㔜せ࡞ᣦ㔪࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ_  㸵㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟  ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢ㐣⛬ࢆグྕㄽ࡜㌟య໬⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡛㇏࠿࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࡢつ⠊ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ♧၀ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ḟࡢ♧၀ࢆᚓ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࠋ  z ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡀ㐍ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕ࠿ࡽᣦᶆグྕ࡬ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣ ㌟యᛶࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ z ᅗᘧࡀ㢮ఝグྕࡢࡲࡲ࡛᧯సつ๎ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㌟యⓗ࡞௓ධࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ z .LQDFK ࡢᅗᘧࢆᇶ┙࡜ࡋࡓグྕㄽⓗ㐃㙐ࡢࢹࢨ࢖ࣥཎ⌮ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࢆ㐃㙐ⓗ࡟ពᅗࡍࡿᤵ ᴗࢆࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ㔜せ࡞ᣦ㔪࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ 

 ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽࡢつ⠊ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ♧၀ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪㧗➼ᏛᰯᩘᏛ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᮦࢆ 㛤Ⓨࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᐇ㊶ⓗ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᅗᘧⓗ᥎ㄽ࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ヲ⣽࡛㇏࠿࡞ㄝ᫂ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ_  ㅰ㎡  ᮏ◊✲ࡣ-636 ⛉◊㈝ -3. ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ✏ࡣ㸪඲ᅜᩘᏛᩍ⫱Ꮫ఍➨  ᅇ◊✲Ⓨ⾲఍㈨ᩱࢆຍ➹࣭ಟṇࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆࡃࡔࡉࡗࡓ᪉ࠎ࡟ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡲ ࡍࠋ  ト

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