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INVARIANT POLYNOMALS WITH THREE MATRIX ARGUMENTS, EXTENDING THE POLYNOMIALS WITH LOWER NUMBERS OF MATRIX ARGUMENTS-香川大学学術情報リポジトリ

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−37−

INVARIANTPOIXNOMALSWITH

THREEMATRIXARGUMENTS,

EXTENDINGTHE POIXNOMIALS

WITIILOWER NUMBERS OF

MATRIXARGUMENTS

byYasukoCHIKUSE

KagawaUniversity,Takamatsu,Japan Abstr・aCt Wed9fineaclassofinvariantpolynomialsC芸・1ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)withthree matrix arguments,thr・Oughthe theory of polynomialr・epreSentations of

GD(m,R)。These polynomials,eXtendingthe zonalpolynomials and the

invariantpolynomialswithtwomatrix ar・gumentSduetoA.W.Davis,ar’e

usefulinmultivariatedistributiontheory.Someproperties andrelations

satisfiedbythepolynomialsC;・”ar・eShown・Theinvestigationinthis

paper must be usefulfor・the further’gener’alization to the

polynomialsC言’X2’’埠withanynumberr’matr−ixargumentS,r24・

Key woYds and phYaSeS:Invariant polynomials with three matrix argu−

ments,grOup r・epr・eSentation theory,Laplace transforms,beta−typeinte− grals,incomplete gamma and beta functions,generalized LaguerT■e

polynomials,matricesofdifferentialoper’atOrS.

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−こ好一 香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ノクβイ

1.Introduction

Theinvariant polynomialswith r mxm symmetric matr・ix ar・gu−

mentsXいi=1,…,r’,r21,havingthepr’OpertyOfinvarianceunder the SimultaneoustransforImations Xi→H’ⅩiH,i=1,…,r・,forH∈0(m), (1い1) WhereO(m)isthegroupofmXm orthogonalmatrices,maybedefined thr’Oughthetheoryofgroupr・epreSentations,i息,thetheoryofpolynomial r・epr・eSentationsofGD(m,R),thegT・OupOfmxmrealnonsingularmatrices..

TheinvarIiant polynomialwith one matr・ix argument,the zonal

polynomial,Cx(Ⅹ),indexedbytheorderedpartitionxofthenonnegative

integer・kintonotmorethanmparts,generateStheuniqueone−dimensional Subspace containedin Vx[Ⅹ]occurrIingin the decomposition Pk[Ⅹ]=⑳xVx[Ⅹ]intoirr・educibleinvariantsubspacesofPk[Ⅹ],theclass

Ofhomogeneous polynomials of degree kin the elements of X.These polynomials have been discussed and utilized in the derivation of power

Ser’ies expansions of multivar・iate distr・ibutionsinnormaltheor・yin an

extensiveliterature(seee..gリConstantine[3],Herz[8],James[10]and manyothersintherIeCentliterature)巾 Davis[5],[6]extendedthezonalpolynomialsanddefinedtheinvariant polynomialsC言・入(Ⅹ,Y)withtwomatriⅩar・gumentS.Thesesatisfythebasic r’elationship

j;(m,C#(AH,ⅩH)Cl(BH,YH)d=

=∑如.AC芸,入(A,B)C;・1(Ⅹ,Y)/C≠(Ⅰ), (1小2) Wherex,入and¢denoteorderedpartitionsofk,Randf=k+Drespectively intonot mor.ethanmparts,and¢e x・^signifiesthattheirT・educible

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uMBERS。FMATRIXARGUMENTS −39一 I theKronecker・pr・Oduct2x⑱2A.oftheirr・educiblereprIeSentationsindexedby 2xand2入u C;,入(Ⅹ,Y)generatestheone−dimensionalsubspacecontained inV芸:孟=2¢[Ⅹ,Y]occurringinthedecompositionPk,B[Ⅹ,Y]=Pk[Ⅹ]⑳ P。[Y]=軌軌⑳。Ⅴ芸・A[Ⅹ,Y]intoirreduciblesubspacesofPk,b[Ⅹ,Y],the classofhomogeneouspolynomialsofdegr・eeSkandDintheelementsofX andYrespectivelyn Somedifficultyindistributionalpr・Oblemswhichcould

not be solvedin terms of zonalpolynomials have been soIved by these

polynomialsC芸,1小ApplicationsofthepolynomiAIsinmultivariatedistr’ibu− tiontheorIyarefoundinDavis[5],[6]andChikuse[2]… However,therearestillproblemsunsoIvedbytheC芸・入;theseare(i) thedoublynoncentr・alFdistributionswithunequalcovar・iancematrices,(ii) thedistributionsofSl+S2andSl+S2+S3,WheretheSiareindependent− 1ydistr・ibutedasWm(ni,∑i,ni),i=1,2,3,and weassumef)2=n3=O whenweconsiderSl+S2+S3,and(iii)thedistributionsoftherootsof W=(Sl+S2)−%so(Sl+S2).%,WheretheSiareindependentlydistributed aswm(ni,∑i,ni),i=0,1,2,andweassumeni=0,i=1,2・Theproblems (ii)and(iii)ariseinthemultivariateBehrens−Fisherdiscriminantanalysis andthesedistrIibutionsundermorerestr・ictedassumptionswereder・ivedin termsoftheC芸・入inChikuse[2]リInSection2weshalldefineaclassof invar・iantpolynomialsC㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)withthreematrixarguments,eXtend− ingtheC;一入(Ⅹ,Y),andsomeelementarypropertiesandfundamentalr’ela− tionssatisfiedbytheC;・入ルarIeShowninSection3lSection4presents Laplacetransformsandbeta−typeintegrals,andexpansionsforincomplete gammaandbetafunctions.、Gener・alizedLaguerT’epOlynomialswiththree matrixargumentsar・eCOnStrIuCtedinSection5.Someexpansionsar’egiven alongthelinesofDavis[5]inSection6,andfinallySection7presentssome differentialidentitiessatisfiedbytheC;ヤ Thedefinitionandthemostofthepr・OpertiesandrelationsoftheC;,^・y

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香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24

ー40− ノ タβイ

restrictionsonspace,thedetailsontheconstr’uCtionandtheapplicationsin

themultivariatedistributionalproblemsalreadycitedoftheC芸・1・ywillbe presentedin a subsequent paper.We note that someinterestin the polynomialshasbeenshownbypeopleworkinginthefieldofeconometric

theory. Finally we notice that our’COnSider’ation of the invar’iant

polynomialswiththreeargumentmatr・icesm山Stbeusefulforthefurther gener・alizationtothoseC芸’均’ ’杓(Ⅹ1,Ⅹ2,…,Ⅹr)withanynumberr’

matrIixargumentsい

2.Invar・iantPolynomialsWithThreeMatriⅩAr’gumentS

The argumentinDavis[6,Section2]canbedirectly extended for

defining a polynomialIl芸・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)whichisinvariant under the

simultaneoustransformations (2.1) Ⅹ→H′ⅩH,Y→H’YH,Z→H’ZH,H∈0(m), whereX,Y,Zaremxmcomplexsymmetr・icmatricesandO(m)denotes thegr・OupOfmxmorthogonalmatr’ices… Wesummarizeour.argumentin thefollowing

Let Pk[Ⅹ]and Pk,e,n[Ⅹ,Y,Z]be the classes of homogeneous

polynomialsofdegreekintheelementsofXandofdegreesk,Dandnin

theelementsofX,YandZr・eSpeCtively。Inconnectionwiththetheoryof polynomialrIepreSentationsofGD(m,R),thegroupofmxmrealnonsin− gularmatrices(Boerner・[1,Chapter・5]andJames(unpublishedlecture notes)),We have the decompositionsintoirT・educible subspaces ofthese polynomialclasses,

Pk[Ⅹ]=㊥xVx[Ⅹ],PD[Y]=◎入Ⅴ入[Y],Pn[Z]=⑳yVy[Z],

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POLYNOMIALS WITHLOWERNUMBERSOFMATRIXARGUMENTS −4l− Pk,B,n[Ⅹ,Y,Zコ=Pk[Ⅹ]㊨pD[Y]⑳Pn[Z] =◎〟◎1軌◎。Ⅴ芸ふy[Ⅹ,Y,Z]巾 (2.2) Here,X,入and yareorderedpartitionsofk,Dandnr・eSpeCtivelyintonot morethanmparts,and◎runsoverallorderedpartitionsof2f,f=k+D+ n,indexingtheirTeduciblerepresentations ofGP(m,R)occurringinthe decomposition ofthe Kr・OneCker product2x㊨2入㊤27JOf theirreducible representationsindexedby2x,2入and2ulVx[Ⅹ],forexample,andV詮≡紬 [Ⅹ,Y,Z]containexactlyoneone−dimensionalsubspacesgeneratedbythe suitably normalized zonalpolynomialCx(Ⅹ)and r芸・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)re−

spectively”ThedetailsontheconstructionoftheC㍗willbepr・eSentedin

asubsequentpaper.Asnotedsimilar・1yinDavis[6],arepreSentation2≠

mayoccur・in(2.2)withmultiplicitygr・eater・thanonefor・agivenx,入,

y・Hence,theV;;・Vandthecorrespondingr芸人yar・enOtuniquelydefined

When2≠occur・SWith multiplicity gr−eater’than one for agiven x,入,7/.

Table l

Decompositions of Kronecker products of three irTeducible representa-

tions(Number・Sinparenthesesgivemultiplicitiesand*indicatesinvar− iantrepresentations) 2f 2〟 2入 2ぴ ◎ 6 2 2 2 6*(2)51 (3)42 411 33(2)321 2き* 8 431 422* 8 332 3311(2)3221 24*

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−42− 香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ノクβ〃 TablelshowsthedecompositionsofKr・OneCkerproductsofsomeloworder・ X,入,y With multiplicitiesgivenin par・entheses,following theru1e for determiningtheKr・OneCker・pr・OductsgivenbyRobinson[13,Section3.3]. 上 Cx(AH′ⅩH)C入(BH′YH) Theevaluationofintegralsintheform (nl) Cリ(CH′ZH)dH,Whichalsoyieldsaresolutionofthenon−uniquenessprob−

1emmentionedabove,followsthedirectextensionofDavis[6,Section4].

TheutilizationoftheargumentsofJames[9,Section4]andSaw[14]1eads totheinvariantpolynomialsC㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)”Thesepolynomialsarelinear・ COmbinationsofr;ヤfor¢′=¢andarIe,△k,e,n−Orthogonal,,andaregenerat− edbythesetofalldistinctpr・Oductsoftr・aCeS (tr・ⅩalYblZClXdl…い)rl(tr・Ⅹa2Yb2ZC2Ⅹdz…)r2。. Oftotaldegr・eeSk,R,nintheelementsofX,Y,Zrespectively,andpr・OVide

Lm,Cx(AH′ⅩH)C入(BH′YH)Cy(CH′ZH)dH

=∑¢∈x.A.vC㍗(A,B,C)C;,入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/C¢(Ⅰ),(2・3) Wher・e¢∈x・入・Z/SignifiesthattheirT・educibler・epr・eSentationofGR(m, R)indexedby2¢occur・SinthedecompositionoftheKr・OneCkerproduct2x ㊧2Å.㊨2〝. 3・PropertiesoftheC㍗ Wegivethefollowingresults,theproofsofsomeofwhichar・eindicated inDavis[6,Section3]andomittedher・e..Thr・Oughoutthispaper・,additional

Subscriptsindicating multiplicities,Whenever・r・equired,ar・e Omitted for

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POLYNOMIALS WITHLOWERNUMBERSOFMATRIXARGUMENTS 一都− 3.1.Elementar・ C㍗(Ⅹ,Ⅹ,Ⅹ)=β芸・1ルC¢(Ⅹ), wheree;ふy=C;,入ル(I,I,Ⅰ)/C4(Ⅰ)・ def C:,0,0(Ⅹ,Y,Z)=Cx(Ⅹ), andcorr・eSpOndingresultsforC‡1・OandC:・0・V f 芸・Y,Z)c;・入(Ⅹ,Y), andcorT・eSpOndingr・eSultsfor・C;・0・VandC;1ル. C㍗(Ⅹ,I,Ⅰ)=[C㍗(I,I,I)/Cx(Ⅰ)]Cx(Ⅹ), andcorrIeSpOndingresultsforC芸・1ル(I,Ⅹ,Ⅰ)andC;・^・y(Ⅰ,I,Ⅹ)け C;’1ル(Ⅹ,Y,Ⅰ)=詭計・yチα;’1ル;4c;’入(Ⅹ,Y) (3.1) (3..2) (3廿3) (3..4) (3い5)

for a suitable choice oftheαWher・e of*denotesthe partition o’ignoring multiplicity,andcorr・eSpOndingresultsforC㍗(Ⅹ,I,Z)andC㌣(Ⅰ,Y,Z); inparticular’, C㍗(Ⅹ,Ⅹ・Ⅰ)=誌計・ツナα;’…β㌍J(Ⅹ), (3・・6) wheree;・入=C;入(Ⅰ,Ⅰ)/Cq(Ⅰ)。 C㍗(Y,Y,Z)=∑q・。x.1∑拘β;キ㌃≠c㌢(Y,Z), (3・・7) forasuitablechoiceoftheβり C;・入(Ⅹ,Y)Cy(Z)=∑拘・.v方;::・y;4c芸んγ(Ⅹ,Y,Z), (3小8) for・aSuitablechoice ofthe7T. C芸▼入ル(αⅩ,βY,γZ)=αkβDγnC芸▼入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)・ (3.9)

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香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ー44− ノクβイ Cx(Ⅹ)C入(Y)Cy(Z)=∑¢∈x.^.yげルC;・えル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)・ (3い10) Cx(Ⅹ)C入(Ⅹ)Cy(Ⅹ)=∑≠・。x.いv∑¢≡¢・(e;ふy)2C¢・(Ⅹ)l(3”11) 3.2.IntegralsoverO(m).

1(m,C;,入ル(AH,ⅩH,AH′YH,AH′ZH)dH

=C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)C¢(A)/C¢(Ⅰ)小

Lm,C㍗(A′H′ⅩHA,B,C)dH

=C㍗(A,A,B,C,)Cx(Ⅹ)/Cx(I)

上(m,C;んり(A′H′ⅩHA,A′H′YHA,C)dH

(3,.12) (3。.13) =誌針・リサ∑拘γ;’?;′;¢c㍗(A′A・C)C;’A(Ⅹ,Y),(31・14) for・Suitablydeflnedcoefficientsγ.,(3..13)and(3.14)givetheothercorT・e− spondingresultsforC芸・^”(A,B′H′YHB,C)andthelike 3.3 Tr・inomialEx anS10nS. C¢(Ⅹ+Y+Z)=∑抽(拘.入.y) ∑¢・≡¢(f!/k!R!n!)げ・VC㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z),(3l15) and,inparticular’ Cf(Ⅹ+Y+Z)=∑k.。.n=f(f!/k!R!n!)Cぎ・R・n(Ⅹ,Y,Z),(3..16) andasimilarIrIeSultforCl,(Ⅹ+Y+Z)isder・ivedintermsofC壬:・1L,1n(Ⅹ,Y,Z). C;・V(Ⅹ+Y,Z)=∑x,^(q∈x.入) ∑拘(s!/k!P!)β;・;言;Q’c㌢(Ⅹ,Y,Z), (3.17)

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INVARIANTPOLYNOMIALSWITHTHREEMATRIXARGUMENTS,EXTENDINGTHE uMBERS。FMATRIXARGUMENTS −45− andacorr・eSpOndingresultfor・C;’1(Ⅹ,Y+Z)isobtained,Wheretheβare givenin(3い7). C㍗(Ⅰ+A,B,C)/C≠(Ⅰ) =∑き=。∑。(r∈。.入.v,b認㍍c;人り(A,B,C)/Cr(Ⅰ)”(3一18) C芸,入ル(Ⅰ+A,Ⅰ+B,C)/C$(Ⅰ) =∑さ=。∑…=。∑。,q({∈。.d.v,b;:ま::;;fcr・V(A,B,C)/Cr(Ⅰ)・ (3、.19) ThecorIreSpOndingr・eSultsforC芸・1ル(A,I+B,C)andthelikefor(3・18)and (3−19)hold. C;・入ル(Ⅰ+A,Ⅰ+B,I+C)/C¢(I)

=∑き=0∑…=0∑F=0&3.;fTb;:;::;fcr’r(A,B,C)/Cr(I)・(3・20)

Pr・00f。(3り17)ispr・OVedfromthatC;ル(Ⅹ+Y,Z)isthecoefficient of C言,V(A,B)/s!n!C¢(Ⅰ)in j:(m,etr・[AH,(Ⅹ・Y)H+BH′ZH]dH =∑:入ル;4C;人γ(Ⅹ,Y,Z)C;・1ル(A,A,B)/k!D!n!C。(Ⅰ)

=∑:入ル;¢C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)∑〆∈〟.入∑拘βニキ㌃¢

C㌢(A,B)/k!Q!n!C¢(Ⅰ)・(U/(317)) (3い18)−(3。20)arIeShownbyasimilarmethodtoDavis[5,Eq。(6・、6)]

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香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 Jクβイ −46−

4.Completeandincompletegammaandbeta−typeintegTals

Weshallshowsever・alLaplacetr・anSformsandbeta−typeintegr’als of theC;・””Incompletegammaandbetafunctionsarealsoestablished・ 1ace Transforms. 4.1.La

上,。etr(−WR)lRla ̄pC;・入ル(AR,BR,CR)dR

=rm(a,$)EWl−aC芸・1ル(AW−1,BW−1,CW−1),(4…1) andinparticular EvC;・1ル (Ⅴ′AV,Ⅴ′BV,Ⅴ′CV)

=2f(%n)¢C;・1ル(W,AW,W,BW,W,CW),

WhereVV′∼Wm(n,∑)andWW’=∑,andp=(m+1)/2

1,。etr・(−WR)lRla−pC芸人y(ARA′,B,C)dR

=rm(a,X)EWraC;・入ル(AW−1A′,B,C)

1,。etr(−WR)肝pC;,^・P(AR−1,BR ̄1,CR ̄1)dR

=Ilm(a,−i)lWF ̄aC;ふy(AW,BW,CW), where rm(a,−¢)=(−1)f rm(a)/(−a+p)¢

L,。

etr(−WR)lRla ̄pC;・入ル(AR ̄1A,,B,C)dR (4.2) (4“3) (4い4) (4..5) =rm(a,−X)lWE.aC;▼1ル(AWA′,B,C)u (4”6) proof..TheseLaplacetransformsareconsequencesof(2。3)… Useismade

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INVARIANTPOLYNOMIALSWITHTHREEMATRIXARGUMENTS,EXTENDINGTHE

POLYNOMIALS

WITH LOWER NUMBERS OFMATRIX ARGUMENTS

ofConstantine[4,Eq.(10)]asforthepr・00fof(4.4)and(4..6)” −47− 4.2.Beta−t LILIISla−P]Tlb.pEIpS−TEC ̄pC㍗(S,T・I−S−T)dSdT O<S+T<l =Ilm(a,X)Ilm(b,入)rm(c,y)[Ilm(a+b+c,4)]−1e;・入ルC≠(Ⅰ)・ (4..7) LIlILIISla−pLT[b ̄plUICII−S−TqUld−p O<S+T+U<I C㍗(S,T,U)dSdTdU=Ilm(a,X)Ilm(b,入) rm(c,U)rm(d)e芸・1ルC¢(I)/rlm(a+b+c+d,$)

LIISla,plトSFb ̄pC;・入ル(AS,BS,CS)dS

=rm(a,¢)rm(b)[rm(a+b,4)].1c芸・入ル(A,B,C)

LrlSla ̄plI−SEb ̄pC芸,入′y(ASA′,B,C)dS

=rm(a,X)Ilm(b)[rm(a十b,X)] ̄1c芸・1ル(AA,,B,C)

LrJS[aLplI−Slb−pC芸・入・y(AS,1,BS ̄1,CS ̄1)dS

=Ilm(a,一¢)rm(b)[rm(a+b,−4)],1c;ふy(A,B,C)・

LIJSEa ̄plI−Slb,pC芸・入ル(AS ̄1A′,B,C)dS

=rlm(a,−X)rm(b)r。(a+b,−X)],1c芸・入ル(AA′,B,C) ProofToprIOVe(4.7)wefir・SteValuate

r=L,。L,。L,。etr−(Ⅹ+Y十Z)lXla−plY門ZIC ̄p

C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)dXdYdZ・ (4.8) (4.9) (4.10) (4…11) (4..12) (4“13)

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香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24

ー亜− Jクβ〃

Making the transformations R=Ⅹ+Y+Z,S=R−1/2ⅩR−1/2, T=R ̄1/2YR ̄1/2 andusing(4い1)gives (4..14) r=rm(a+b+c,¢)A, whereAisthelefthandsideof(47)“Now,ingeneral,WeCanShowby using(2..3)and(4.3)that

L,。L,。L,。etr−(AX+BY・CZ)IXFa−plYlb−plzIC−p

C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)dXdYdZ=rm(a,X)rm(b,入)rm(c,U) [EAlalBlblCEC]−1c㍗(A,1,B ̄1,C−1), 1eadingto Il=rm(a,X)rm(b,入)Ilm(c,y)e芸・”c¢(Ⅰ) (4.14)and(4ユ5)establishtherequir・edresult(4.7)。 (4.8)isshownbyevaluatingtheintegr・alfor・m (4‖15)

L,。L,。L,。L,。etr・−(Ⅹ+Y・Z+Ⅴ)JX門Ylb−plZrC−PlVld ̄p

C;んy(Ⅹ,Y,Z)dXdYdZdV,

making the transformations R=Ⅹ+Y+Z+Ⅴ,S=R−%ⅩR−%,

T=R−%YR−%,U=R−%zR−% (4.9)and(4.10)areprovedusing(2.3)andConstantine[3,Eq。(22)]. (4巾11)and(4.12)areestablishedbyusing(23)andKhatri[11,Eq小(17)]い leteGamma Functions. 4.3.Incom 1Ⅹetr・(−CR)lRla−pCx(AR)C入(BR)dR =r。(p)lXla∑芸。∑y;拘.いyrm(a,¢)β;んy

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INVARIANTPOLYNOMIALSWITHTHREEMATRrXARGUMENTS,EXTENDINGTHE POLYNOMIALS

−49−

WITH LOWERNUMBERSOFMATRIX ARGUMENTS

[n!Ilm(a+p,4)] ̄1c;,^・V(AX,BX,PCX)” (4l16)

LXetr(−CR)lRLa ̄pC;,入(AR,BR)dR

=rm(p)lXla∑芸。∑y;拘・.リrm(a,¢)方言うル;げ

[n!Ilm(a+p,i)] ̄1c㍗(AX,BX,−CX)・ (4小17)

4.4.Incom 1ete Beta Functions.

LXJSJa−pJI−CSJb ̄pCx(AS)CA(BS)dS =Ilm(p)lXLa∑芸。∑v;≠∈x.^.リrm(a,¢)(p−b)ye;・入・y [n!rm(a+p,i)] ̄1c芸・入ル(AX,BX,CX)u (41・18)

LXLSla ̄pII−CSLb−pC;・入(AS,BS)dS

=rm(洲Ⅹla∑芸。∑y;担・.リrm(a,¢)(p一札花;;:ル;¢ [n!Ilm(a+p,$)]■1c芸,入ル(AX,BX,CX)・ (4”19)

LXISEa−pC芸・”(AS,BS,CS)dS

=rm(p)Ilm(a,4)[rm(a+p,i)] ̄1IXla C芸・入ル(AX,BX,CX)1・ (4。.20)

LXISla ̄pC㌣(ASA′,B,C)dS

=rm(p)rm(a,X)[rlm(a+p,X)] ̄11ⅩLaC言・1ル(AXA′,B,C)u (4.21) Proof.(4。18)and(4い19)ar・eShownasextensionsofDavis[5,Eq.(3.3)].(4. 20)and(4.21)ar・eprOVedbyapplyingConstantine[3,Eq“(22)],withthe useof(3…12)and(2り3)r・eSpeCtively.

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一甜− 香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ノクgす 5・Gener−alizedLaguer・repOlynomialswiththr・eematrixar・gumentS Wesha11showsomegeneralizationsofLaguerTIepOlynomials,having thr・eematrixarguments,alongthelinesofDavis[5] 5.1.DefinitionI. Define

Lヒ㍊;。(Ⅹ,Y・Z)=etr・(Ⅹ+Y・Z)L,。L,。L,。etr・(−R−S−T)

rRltlSluETIWc芸ふγ(R,S,T)At(RX)A。(SY) Aw(TZ)dRdSdT, Wher・eA.istheBesselfunctionofHer・Z[8] (5=1) 1acetr・anSform.

L,。L,。L,。etr(pRX−SY−TZ)FRltISFuFTIW

L霊∴(R,S,T)dRdSdT=Ilm(t+p,X)rlm(u+p,入) rm(w+p,U)lxl十pJYl ̄u−pJZl−W,p C芸・入ル(トⅩ ̄1,トY ̄1,トZ ̄1) (5..2) Serial ex r■eSSlOn. L霊TL ;¢ (R,S,T)=(t+p)x(u+p)1(w+p),C4(Ⅰ)

∑さ=。∑…=。∑ご=。∑仰;∈(−1)ー+s+tbニニ;ご≠ぎ

Cr’r(R,S,T)/(t+p)。(u+p)6(w+p)−CE(Ⅰ),(5い3) Wher・ethebaregivenby(3L.20)..

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POLYNOMIALS WITHLOWERNUMBERSOFMATRIXARGUMENTS 一丘ヱー Generatin function.

j;(m,etr(−ⅩH′R(トR) ̄1H

lI−Rl十plI−Sl,u ̄plITTrW,p −YH′S(トS) ̄1H−ZH′T(I−T).1H〉dH =∑;入ル;¢L:TL;¢ (Ⅹ,Y,Z)C㍗(R,S,T) /k!β!n!C≠(Ⅰ)ハ ArelationwithKhatri,spolynomial(SeeKhatri[12])is (5.4)

Lm,L:(HAH,,Ⅹ)L;(HBH′,Y)L;(HCH,,Z)dH

=∑¢∈x.入.v C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)L:TL;4(A,B,C)/C¢(Ⅰ)・(5t・5) 5.2.DefinitionII. Define Ln,U;¢(Ⅹ,Y,Z)=etr(Ⅹ+Y)

上,。L,。etr・(−R−S)lRltlSluC芸んγ(R,S・Z)

At(RX)A。(SY)dRdSn lace tr・anSform. (5.、6)

上,。L,。etr(TRX−SY)lRltlSluL㌫再(R,S・Z)dRdS

=rm(t+p,X)rm(u+p,入)LXl十pEYL−u,p C;・入ル(トⅩ ̄1,トY ̄1,Z)・ (5‖7) Serial ex reSSlOn. Ln,V;4(R,S,T)=(t+p)N(u+p)入C4(Ⅰ)

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ー52− 香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ノクβイ

∑㌘=。∑…=。∑p,嗅∈p.…)(−1)汗s

b認㍍c言・q・V(R,S,T)/(t+p)。(u+p)qCE(I), Wher・ethebaregivenby(3.ユ9)., (5,.8) Generatin function. lI−Rrt−prトSI−u−pL(m) etr・(−ⅩH′R(I−R) ̄1H−YH′S(I−R) ̄1H)etr・(Z)dH =∑;入ル;¢Lnル;。 (Ⅹ,Y,Z)C;・入ル(R,S,Ⅰ)/k!D!n!C≠(I) 5.3.DefinitionIII. (5岬9) Define L:,…(Ⅹ,Y,Z)=etr・(Ⅹ)上,。etr(−R)JRlt C芸・入ル(R,Y,Z)At(RX)dR lace tr・anSform. (510)

上,。etr(−RX)lRltL:…(R,Y,Z)dR

=Ilm(t+p,X)FXl−t ̄pC;,^・V(Ⅰ−Ⅹ ̄1,Y,Z)一 (5.11) SerIialex r■eSSlOn. L:,Aル;4(R,S,T)=(t+p)xC¢(Ⅰ)∑さ=。∑。(狗.入.p, (−1)rb;:ま::‡fc;んy(R,S,T)/(t+p)。CE(Ⅰ), Wherethebaregivenby(3.18)巾 (5.12)

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POLYNOMIALS WITH LOWERNUMBERSOFMATRIXARGUMENTS −ゑヲー Gener・atin function.

LI−Rl−t ̄pj;(m,etr(−ⅩH′R(I−R) ̄1H)etr(Y・Z)dH

=∑:1ル;4L:,入ル;¢(Ⅹ,Y,Z)C芸,入ル(R,Ⅰ,Ⅰ)/k!D!n!C≠(Ⅰ)い (51・13) TheaboveLaguerr・epOlynomialshavetheorthogonalitypr’Operty小

6.Someotherexpansions

Thefollowingexpansions ar・eder・ived alongthelines ofDavis[5,

Section6].,Multiplyingthebothsidesof etr(AH′ⅩH+BH,YH+CH′ZH)dH =∑:入ル;¢C;・1ル(A,B,C)C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!D!n!C¢(I), byetr(−Ⅹ),etr(−Ⅹ−Y)andetr(−Ⅹ−Y−Z),WeObtain etr(−Ⅹ)∑:入ル;。C㍗(A,B,C)C;んy(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!P!n!C¢(Ⅰ) =∑:入ル;¢C;・1ル(A−Ⅰ,B,C)C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z) /k!ゼ!n!C¢(Ⅰ), etr(−Ⅹ−Y)∑:入ル;4C芸・入ル(A,B,C)C芸人y(Ⅹ,Y,Z) /k!R!n!C¢(Ⅰ)=∑;入ル;4C㍗(A−Ⅰ,B−Ⅰ,C) C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!R!n!C4(I), (6小1小1) (6.1い2) etr・(一Ⅹ−Y−Z)∑;入ル;¢C芸・1ル(A,B,C)C;,入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/ k!D!n!C4(I)=∑:入ル;¢C;ふy(A−Ⅰ,B−Ⅰ,C−Ⅰ) C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!D!n!C≠(Ⅰ)Lr (6.1…3)

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香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ノクβイ ー54一

These yield the following

II+ⅩE−a∑:入ル;4(a)。C;・入ル (A,B,C)C㍗(Ⅹ(Ⅰ+Ⅹ) ̄1, Y(I+Y)−1,Z(Ⅰ+Z) ̄1)/k!D!n!C¢(Ⅰ) =∑;ぇル;¢(a)¢C言・入・V(A−Ⅰ,B,C) C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!D!n!C4(Ⅰ), lI+Ⅹ+Yra∑;入ル;≠(a)¢C;・入ル(A,B,C) (6小2、.1) C;・入ル(Ⅹ(Ⅰ+Ⅹ+Y) ̄1,Y(Ⅰ+Ⅹ+Y)−1,Z(Ⅰ+Ⅹ+Y)−1) /k!D!n!C¢(I)=∑;1ル;4(a)≠C;・^・V(A−I,B−Ⅰ,C) C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!D!n!C¢(Ⅰ), EI+Ⅹ+Y+ZE.a∑:1ル;¢(a)¢C;・入′y(A,B,C) C;一入,y(Ⅹ(Ⅰ+Ⅹ+Y+Z),1,Y(I+Ⅹ+Y+Z).1, Z(Ⅰ+Ⅹ+Y+Z) ̄1)/k!D!n!C¢(I) =∑:入ル;¢(a)¢C芸・入ル(A−Ⅰ,B−Ⅰ,C−I) C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!R!n!C¢(Ⅰ)・ AIso,WeCanderive (6い2小2) (6小2..3) 上 etr・(AH′ⅩH+CH’ZH)oFl(u;BH′YH)dH etr・(−Ⅹ) (m) =∑:1ル;≠C;・1ル(A−Ⅰ,B,C)C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/ k!ゼ!n!(u)入C¢(Ⅰ), (6ハ3、.1) etr(AH′ⅩH+BH′YH)oFl(w;CH′ZH)dH etr・(−Ⅹ−Y)

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INVARIANTPOLYNOMIALSWITHTHREEMATRIXARGUMENTS,EXTENDINGTHE POLYNOMIALS

WITH LOWER NUMBERS OF MATRIX ARGUMENTS

=∑;入,V;¢C芸・入ル(A−Ⅰ,B−Ⅰ,C)C芸・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/ k!D!n!(w)リC≠(Ⅰ), 一点ダー (6.3い2) 上 etr(AH,ⅩH+BH′YH+CH′ZH)dH etr(−Ⅹ−Y−Z) (nl) =∑;1ル;¢C;・入ル(A−Ⅰ,B−Ⅰ,C−Ⅰ)C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/ k!彪!n!C¢(Ⅰ), (6∩3リ3)

etr(−Ⅹ,−Y−Z)j;(m,。Fl(t;AH′ⅩH)。Fl(u;BH,YH)

。Fl(w;CH′ZH)dH=∑;ん〝;¢(−1)f L㌶:−p,W ̄p (A,B,C) C;・1ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!R!n!(t)x(u)A(w)vC¢(Ⅰ) (6.3.4) Thefollowingidentitieshold: ∑:入,y;。(a)。e芸人yc;んy(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!R!n! =lI+Wl ̄a∑:入ル;。(a)¢e芸・入ルC㍗((Ⅹ+W)(Ⅰ+W) ̄1, Y(I+W)−1,Z(Ⅰ+W).1)/k!D!n!, (6い4“1) ∑:1ル;¢(a)¢e;んyc;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)/k!R!n!(u)^(w)v =け+叫 ̄a∑:入ル;¢(a)≠げル C㍗((Ⅹ+W)(Ⅰ+W),1,Y(Ⅰ+W) ̄1, Z(I+W)−1)/k!R!n!(u)^(w)y (6l41・2) 7.Someusefuldifferentialidentities Wesha11derIivesomedifferentialidentitiessatisfiedbytheC;入・y;the

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−5β− 香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ノク♂イ COrT’espondingresultsforthezonalpolynomialsar・eObtainedbyFujikoshi [7].Puttinga=%n,A=(2/n)I,B=(2/n)Y,C=(2/n)Z,W=Ⅹ−1in(4‖1) yieldsthat

[rm(%n)Lxr%n]−1上,。etr・(−Ⅹ一1R)lRF%n−p(2/n)f

C芸,^,V(R,YR,ZR)dR=(2/n)f(n/2)。C㍗(Ⅹ,YX,ZX) =[1+(1/n)al(≠)+(1/6n2)(3aェ(¢)2−a2(4)+f〉 +0(n ̄3)]C芸・1ル(Ⅹ,YX,ZX) =[1+(1/n)tr(Ⅹ∂)2+(1/6n2)(3(tr(Ⅹ∂)2)2+8tr・(Ⅹ∂)3) +0(n ̄3)]C;・^TV(∑,Y∑,Z∑)F∑=Ⅹ (7.1) Her’e,aユ(¢)=∑ご=1fq(fq−α), a2(¢)=∑ご=1fα(成一6αfa+3α2)for・thepartition¢=(fl,f2,…,fm), ∂=(∂ij),With∂jj=%(1+6jj)∂/ao・jj and∑=(opjj),is the matrix of

differentialoperatorIS,andthelastidentityin(7。1)is obtained fromthe Taylor series expansion method(e…gり Sugiura and Fujikoshi[15])…

Comparingthecoefficientsofthetermsl/nandl/n2in(7一1)gives al(≠)C;・^・y(Ⅹ,YX,ZX) =tr・(Ⅹ∂)2C芸・1ル(∑,Y∑,Z∑)l∑。X, 〈3al(¢)2−a2(¢)+f)C;・1ル(Ⅹ,YX,ZX) (7、.2…1) =〈3(tr(Ⅹ∂)2)2+8tr(Ⅹ∂)3)C;ふy(∑,Y∑,Z∑)【∑=Ⅹ (7.2…2) Simi1arIlyfr・Om(43),WeObtain al(¢)C;・1ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)=tr(Ⅹ∂)2C;人y(∑,Y,Z)l∑=Ⅹ,(7.3..1) (3al(x)2∼a2(x)+k〉C㍗(Ⅹ,Y,Z)

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uMBERS。FMATRIXARGUMENTS −57T =〈3(trI(Ⅹ∂)2)2+8tr・(Ⅹ∂)3)C芸・1ル(∑,Y,Z)E∑=Ⅹ1・(7・3・2) ThecorT・eSpOndingr・eSultsfor・∑=Yand∑=Zfor(7.2)and(7…3)hold.

(7…3)1eads to the following simultaneous differ・entialidentities,

With∂。=(∂D,ij)with∂R,i5=%(1+6i5)∂/∂qQ,ij,∑D=(0’c,ij),D=1,2,3: al(x)al(入)C芸,入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z) =tr(Ⅹ∂l)2tr(Y∂岳)2C芸んり(∑1,∑2,Z)l∑1=Ⅹ,∑2=Y,, (7.4、1) al(x)〈3al(入)2−a2(入)+D)C;・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z)=tr(Ⅹ∂1)2 〈3(tr(Y∂2)2)2+8tr(Ya2)3)C㍗(∑1,∑2,Z)l∑.=X,∑2=Y,(7・4…2) and al(x)al(入)al(u)CX・^・V(Ⅹ,Y,Z) =tr(Ⅹ∂1)2trI(Y∂2)2tr(Z∂,)2 C;・入ル(∑1,∑2,∑さ)l∑.=X,∑2=,,∑3=Z, al(x)al(入)〈3al(v)2Ta2(v)+n)C芸・入ル(Ⅹ,Y,Z) =tr(Ⅹ∂1)2tr(Ya2)2(3(tr(Z∂3)2)2+8tr(Z亀)3) C㍗(∑1,∑2,∑3)】∑.=X,∑2=,,∑き=Z・ (7‖5い1) (7い5い2)

The other possible results corr・eSpOnding to(7.4)and(7い5)are readily

obtained.

Acknowledgment

Theauthorwouldliketoexpresshersincer・ethankstoDr。A.WnDavis

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香川大学経済学部 研究年報 24 ーお− ノ夕β〃 Valuablediscussionsontheproblems. References [1]BOERNER,H.(1963).R砂YeSenhltions qf Gnt4)S巾 North−Holland, Amsterdam.

[2]CHIKUSE,Y..(1981)り Distr・ibutions of some matr・ix variates and latentr・00tSinmultivariateBehr−enS−Fisherdiscriminantanalysis.Ann. SおJねf.9401−407巾 [3]CONSTANTINE,A…G.(1963),.Somenon−Centr・aldistr・ibutionprob− 1emsinmultivariateanalysis..Ann.Math.Shltiu.341270−1285. [4]CONSTANTINE,A巾G、(1966)。Thedistr・ibutionofHotelling,sgener・− alizedTo2.Ann..Maih..Shlhst… 37215−225.. [5]DAVIS,A.W,(1979)。Invar・iantpolynomialswithtwomatr・ixargu−

mentsextendingthe zonalpolynomials:Applicationsto multivariate

distributiontheoryい Ann.hstSおtiu”Matk.A31465−485.

[6]DAVIS,A.W、(1980).Invar・iantpolynomialswithtwomatr・ixargu− ments,eXtending the zonalpolynomials.In Multivaridte AnabLSかⅤ

(ed.P,R.Krishnaiah),NorthHolland,Amsterdam,287−299. [7]FUJIKOSHI,Y.(1970).Asymptoticexpansionsofthedistributions Ofteststatisticsinmultivar・iateanalysis。J.Sci,mloshihw thdv。SeY」 A−J3473−144. [8]HERZ,CりS.(1955)。Besselfunctions ofmatriⅩar・gument.Ann.. 肋娩巾61474−523∼

[9]JAMES,AT。(1960)..The distribution of thelatent r・00tS Of the

COVariance matrix.Ann.肋thn Sh2ぬf..3115l−158り

[10]JAMES,AいT。(1964)“Distributions ofmatrix var・iates andlatent rootsderivedfromnorImalsamplesり Ann.Maih..Sおtist.35475−501. [11]KHATRI,C.G.(1966).Oncertaindistributionproblemsbasedon

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INVARIANTPOLYNOMIALSWITHTHREEMATRIXARGUMENTS,EXTENDINGTHE POLYNOMIALS WITH LOWERNUMBERSOFMATRIXARGUMENTS −59− Sぬぬf…37468−479り [12]KHATRI,C‖G小(1977).DistrIibutionofaquadr・aticforminnoncentral normalvectorsusinggener・alizedLaguerr・epOlynomials。励uih。4侮n S由ぬまJ.11167−179.

[13]ROBINSON,G.de B.(1961)..R¢YeSenhdion 7鞄eo737 qfihe Symmetric GYV砂EdinburghUniversitypr.ess,Edinburgh. [14]SAW,JいG.(1977)。Zonalpolynomials:analternativeapproachいJ 肋肋−〝αγ」AのαJ、.7461−467. [15]SUGIURA,N.ANDFUJIKOSHI,Y。(1969)…Asymptoticexpansions ofthenon・nulldistributionsofthelikelihoodr・atiocriteriaformultivar− iatelinearhypothesisandindependence…Ann.,Math.S由tist.40942−952。

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