Title
と『テレビ・ウィークリー』の制作背景とテレビメディ
アを使った広報外交
Author(s)
名嘉山, リサ
Citation
沖縄工業高等専門学校紀要 = Bulletin of National Institute
of Technology, Okinawa College, 10: 41-53
Issue Date
2016-03-30
URL
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12001/19363
1970 ᖺ๓ᚋࡢ USCAR ไసࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌
̿ࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ࡢไస⫼ᬒ
ࢸࣞࣅ࣓ࢹࢆࡗࡓᗈሗእ̿
ྡᒣࣜࢧ ⥲ྜ⛉Ꮫ⛉ せ᪨ ᡓᚋ 27 ᖺཬࢇࡔࠕ࣓ࣜ࢝ୡ࣮ࣘࠖࡤࢀࡿ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡼࡿἈ⦖⤫௦⾜ࢃࢀࡓᗈሗάືࡢ࡞ ࠊᫎീ࣓ࢹࢆ࠺࠸࠺᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡼࡗ࡚⤫ᨻ⟇ࢆἈ⦖ఫẸᗈࡃ▱ࡽࡋࡵࠊ⌮ゎ ࢆồࡵࠊ⤫ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋ⤫๓༙ࡢ 1940 ᖺ௦ࡽ 1950 ᖺ௦ࡣࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎ⏬ࡸࢻ࢟ ࣓ࣗࣥࢱ࣮ࣜᫎ⏬࡞ࢆධᡭ࣭ไసࡋࠊᫎ⏬㤋ࡸᩥ㤋➼࡛ࡢୖᫎࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᕠᅇୖᫎࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊ 1960 ᖺ๓ᚋࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦ࡀጞࡲࡿࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡶไసࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⌰⌫ิᓥ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓ㸦USCAR㸧 ࡣࢸࣞࣅࡢᙳ㡪ຊᮇᚅࡋࠊ㟁Ἴࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇ࡸᐇ⦼ࢆ࠾Ⲕࡢ㛫ᒆࡅࡿࡇᢞ㈨ࡋࡓࢃ ࡅࡔࡀࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙Ἀ⦖㏉㑏ࡀỴࡲࡗࡓࡢࡕࡶࠊḟࡢ┠ᶆࢆぢᤣ࠼ࡑࡢάືࡀṆࡴࡣ↓ࡗࡓࠋ ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ 1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙௨㝆ࡢUSCARࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ไస↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࠊᗈሗᒁど⫈ぬㄢࡢ௵ົࡸUSCAR ࡢᗈሗᡓ␎࡞ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊᙜᆅඖࡢẸᨺᒁ࡛ᨺᫎࡉࢀࡓ␒⤌ࡢ୰ࡽ 3 ᮏࢆࣔࢹࣝࢣ࣮ࢫࡋ࡚ศ ᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᮇࡢUSCARไసࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢᐇែࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸 ⌰⌫ิᓥ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓ㸦␎⛠㸸USCARࠊ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓࠊ⡿ẸᨻᗓࠊẸᨻᗓ㸧ࠊᗈሗᒁど⫈ぬ ㄢࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝⤫ୗࠊࢸࣞࣅ࣓ࢹࠊἈ⦖㏉㑏 ࡣࡌࡵ㸸࣓ࣜ࢝⤫ୗἈ⦖࡛ࡢᫎ⏬࣭ᫎീࢆࡗࡓᗈሗእ ᡓᚋἈ⦖ࢆ⤫ࡋࡓ⌰⌫ิᓥ⡿ᅜ㌷ᨻᗓࡣࠊ1945 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 26 ᪥⡿㌷ࡀⰋ㛫ㅖᓥୖ㝣ࡋࠊࢽ࣑ࢵ ࢶᕸ࿌ࡀⓎ௧ࡉࢀࡓࡇࢁタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊ1950 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 15 ᪥ࡣ⌰⌫ิᓥ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓ㸦United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands, USCAR㸧⛣⾜ࡋࡓࠋἈ⦖ࢆ㛗ᮇ㛫⤫ࡍࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ㌷ᨻ ࡛ࡣఫẸࡢ⌮ゎࢆᚓ㞴࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡛Ẹᨻษࡾ᭰࠼ࡽࢀࡓࡀࠊ㌷ᨻࡽẸᨻ⛣⾜ࡋ࡚ࡶ⟶㎄ࡋࡓࡢ ࡣ㌷㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊ1950 ᖺ 6 ᭶ᮅ㩭ᡓதࡀຨⓎࡋࡓࡇ࡞࡛ࠊᐇ㉁ⓗࡣ㌷┠ⓗࡀ᭱ඃඛࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘ ࡲࡾࠊ㌷ᨻࡽẸᨻࡢ⛣⾜ࡣᙧᘧⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛ࠊ㌷ⓗ༨㡿ᨻ⟇ࢆጉࡆ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ࠾࠸࡚ࠊẸ⩏ࡀ ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿ࠸࠺▩┪ࡋࡓᵓ㐀࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ໃୗ࡛࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀἈ⦖ࢆ↓ᮇ㝈࡛⤫ࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡾࠊᆅඖఫẸᑐࡋ࡚༨㡿ࡢព⩏ࢆ ⌮ゎࡉࡏ⤫ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢᗈሗᨻ⟇ࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡓࠋᗈሗάືࡢᡭẁࡣฟ∧≀ࡢⓎ⾜ࠊᒎ♧ࡢ 㛤ദࠊࣛࢪ࢜ᨺ㏦࡞ᵝࠎ࡞᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ⤫㛤ጞᙜึࡢ㌷ᨻᗓࡢ௦ࡽࠊᫎീࡼࡿ ᗈሗάືࡶຊࢆධࢀࡓࠋ1940 ᖺ௦ࡽ 50 ᖺ௦ࡣࠊᩍ⫱ᫎ⏬ࡢᕠᅇୖᫎࡸࠊᩥࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࠊᫎ⏬㤋 ➼࡛ࡶᩍ⫱ᫎ⏬ࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎ⏬ࢆୖᫎࡋࠊఫẸࢆᴦࡋࡲࡏࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃẸ⩏ࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ౯್ほ࡞ ࡘ࠸࡚ࠕᩍ⫱ࠖࡋࡼ࠺ヨࡳࡓࠋ1ᫎ⏬ࡀ၏୍ࡢፗᴦ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ௦ࠊፗᴦࡋ࡚࣓ࣜ࢝ ࡢ౯್ほࡸຌ⦼࡞ࢆ↓ព㆑ࡢ࠺ࡕᏛࡤࡉࢀࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᙜࠊ₇ᫎ⏬ᨺ㏦┘╩ᐁࡔࡗࡓᕝ ᖹᮅ⏦ࡼࡿࠊ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡣ 1951 ᖺ᪩ࠎ 35 ࣑ࣜࡢᙳ࣓࢝ࣛࢆධᡭࡋࠊྠᖺ 2 ᭶⾜ࢃࢀࡓ⌰⌫ Ꮫ㛤Ꮫᘧ࡞ࢆᙳࡋࠊ4 ᭶ࡣࠗ⌰⌫ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࠘ࡋ࡚Ἀ⦖ࡀ⯆ࡍࡿᵝᏊࢆෆእሗⓎಙࡋࡓ 㸦ᕝᖹࠕᫎ⏬ࠖ217ࠊࠕ᫂ࡿ࠸ࠖ2㸧ࠋ 1960 ᖺ๓ᚋࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦ࡀጞࡲࡿᗈሗάືࡢሙࡀࢸࣞࣅࡶᗈࡀࡗࡓࠋᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ␒⤌ࡀᨺᫎࡉࢀࡓ Ἀ⦖ࡢẸᨺᒁࠊἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1959 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࠊ1960 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 1 ᪥㛤ᒁࡋࡓࡀࠊẸᨻᗓࡣࢸࣞࣅ㛤ᒁྠ␒⤌ࢆไసࡋᐃᮇⓗᨺᫎࡋࡓࠋ1965 ᖺࡽᗈሗᒁ㛗ࢆົࡵࡓࢪࣙࢭࣇ࣭ ࢚ࣦࣥࢫࡣࠊࢸࣞࣅࡀⓏሙࡋࡓ㝿ࠊἈ⦖࡛᭱ࡶຠᯝⓗ࡞࣓ࢹࡔ࠸ᮇᚅࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢ⌮ ⏤ࢆࠊࠕேࠎࡣ㞧ㄅࢆㄞࡲ࡞࠸ࡋࠊሗ㐨࡛࣓ࠝࣜ࢝ࠞ᭷࡞ᐇࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿࡇࢆಖドࡍࡿࡢࡣ ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡽࠖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Binnendijk 70㸧ࠋ4ࡇࡢࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡽࠊᗈሗᒁࡢάືࡢ୰࡛ࠊฟ∧≀ࡢⓎ ⾜ࡼࡾࡶࠊᏐࢆㄞࡲ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏐࡀㄞࡵ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁࠊࡼࡾᗈ⠊ᅖሗࢆఏ㐩࡛ࡁࡿࢸ ࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢᨺᫎᮇᚅࡀᐤࡏࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀศࡿࠋ ࣓ࣜ࢝⤫௦⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡀไసࡋࡓࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㎷ᮧ࣭⏣ࠊᐑᇛࠊᕝᖹࠊBinnendijk ࡞ࡢᨺ㏦ࡸゝㄽ㛵ಀࡢⴭసࡢ୰࡛ゝཬࡣࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᫎീࡢෆᐜ㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇ࡛ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ2ྜྷᮏ⚽Ꮚⴭࠗ⡿ᅜࡢἈ⦖༨㡿ሗᨻ⟇̿㌷⩏ࡢ▩┪࢝ࣔࣇ࣮ࣛ ࢪ࡛ࣗ࠘ࡣࠊ⡿Ẹᨻᗓᗈሗᒁࡢయീࡀ᫂ࡽࡉࢀࠊど⫈ぬㄢࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᗈሗᒁሗ㒊ࡢ୍㒊㛛ࡋ ࡚ヲ⣽グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ␒⤌ࡢ⣽࠸ෆᐜࡣศᯒᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࡋ ࡘࡘࠊ㏆ᖺ➹⪅ࡀ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋࡛ධᡭࡋࡓࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ࢆࡶࠕඖࠖࡋࡓ USCAR ไసࢸ ࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆศᯒࡋࠊ1970 ᖺ๓ᚋ࠾ࡅࡿ␒⤌ࡢไసពᅗࡸ⫼ᬒࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ 㸯㸬USCAR ᗈሗᒁど⫈ぬㄢࡢ௵ົ ᮏㄽ࡛ᢅ࠺ࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆไసࡋࡓࡢࡀ⡿Ẹᨻᗓᗈሗᒁࡢど⫈ぬㄢ࡛ࠊᗈሗᒁࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀἈ⦖࡛⾜ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿᨻ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊఫẸ⌮ゎࡉࡏᨭᣢࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࠊᗈሗ࣭ᗈ⫈άືࢆ⾜࠺㒊⨫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋẸ⩏ ࡢཎ๎ࠊඹ⏘⩏ࡢᘢᐖࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ⓗ౯್ほ࡞ࢆఫẸఏ࠼ࠊୡ⏺ໃࡢ୰࡛⌰⌫ࡀ⨨ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ ⨨ࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᙺ࡞ࢆ⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡇࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᙺࢆᢸ࠺㒊⨫ࡣ㌷ᨻᗓࡽẸᨻᗓ⛣⾜ ࡋࡓࡢࡕࠊᗄᗘ⤌⧊ᨵ⦅ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓ⩣ᖺࡢ 1951 ᖺࡣ㌷ᨻᗓ௦タ⨨ࡉ ࢀࡓẸ㛫ሗᩍ⫱ᒁ㸦CIE㸧ࡀ⦅ࡉࢀࠊ࣓ࢹࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᗈ⫈ᗈሗάືࢩࣇࢺࡍࡿ㸦ྜྷᮏ 253㸧ࠋࡑ ࡢ 5 ᖺᚋࡢ 1956 ᖺࡣẸ㛫ሗᒁࡢሗ㒊ࡀᩍ⫱㒊ࡽ⊂❧ࡋ΅እሗ㐨ᒁ࡞ࡾࠊ⩣ᖺࡢ 1957 ᖺㄪ ᰝ࣭ศᯒ㒊ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࠊሗ㒊ㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒ㒊ࡀᗈሗᒁࡋ࡚⦅ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ྜྷᮏ 260㸧ࠋ3 1970 ᖺ๓ᚋࡢ ᗈሗᒁࡣࠊᒁ㛗ࡢୗࠊሗ㒊ࠊㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒ㒊ࠊᩥᴗ㒊ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ㒊ᒁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊሗ㒊ࡣ⡿ᅜࡢᨻ⟇ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆఫẸ▱ࡽࡏࡿࡇࠊホ౯࣭ศᯒ㒊ࡣᆅඖࡢୡㄽࡸᨻືྥ࡞ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢሗࢆ 㞟ࡍࡿࡇࠊᩥᴗ㒊ࡣᆅඖࡢᩥὶࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇࢆ௵ົࡋࠊලయⓗࡣࣉࣞࢫ࣮ࣜࣜࢫࡢ Ⓨ⾜ࠊࠗ᪥ࡢ⌰⌫࠘ࠗᏲ♩ࡢග࠘࡞ࡢฟ∧≀ࡢⓎ⾜ࠊࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢไసࠊᆅඖࢽ࣮ࣗࢫࡢ ⩻ヂࠊேྡ㘓ࡢసᡂࠊ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋ࡢ㐠Ⴀ࡞ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋど⫈ぬㄢࡣሗ㒊ࡢ୍㒊㛛ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ど⫈ぬㄢࡢ௵ົࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᆅඖࡢࣛࢪ࢜ࠊࢸࣞࣅࢆ㏻ࡌࠊ⡿ᅜࡢᨻ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ␒ ⤌ไసᨺᫎࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸᅜ㝿ໃࠊ⌰⌫ෆࡢⓎᒎࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢၟᴗ⏝࣭㠀ၟᴗ⏝ᫎ⏬ࣇ࣒ࣝࡢ ධᡭࠊ㓄ᕸୖᫎࠊ㘓㡢ࢫࢱࢪ࢜➼ࡢ⟶⌮ࠊᒎ♧ࡢᐇࠊᆅඖど⫈ぬ࣓ࢹࡢ㐃ᦠࡸᣦᑟࠊ㝣㌷ ➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲ࡸᴟᮾᨺ㏦ࡢ㐃ᦠ࡞ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦ᒣ➃ࠊ ྜྷᮏ 280㸧ࠋᗈሗᒁࡢᐇົ㒊㝲ࡣ⌧ᆅ᥇⏝ ࡢ⫋ဨࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊ⤫ᣓࡍࡿࡢࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࠊ≉᪥ᮏㄒࡢࢃࡿୡ࡞࡛ࠊ1970 ᖺ㡭ࡢど⫈ぬㄢࡢㄢ 㛗⫋ࢆࣇࣛࣥࢡ࣭ࢱࢼ࣋ࡸࢧ࣑࢚࣭ࣗࣝ࢟ࢱ࣒ࣛࡀົࡵࡓࠋ5 㸰㸬Ἀ⦖㏉㑏ྜពᚋࡢᗈሗᡓ␎ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢆ㈇࠸ᗈሗᒁࡣάືࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ⦅ࡉࢀ࡚ࡽ 10 ᖺࡶࡓࡓ࡞࠸ 1965 ᖺ㡭ᨻ⟇ ❧⪅ࡽࡀἈ⦖㏉㑏ࢆ⪃࠼ጞࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡾࠊࡑࢀక࠸ᗈሗᡓ␎ࡶᖜ࡞ኚ᭦ࢆవ࡞ࡃࡉࢀࠊࡑࢀ ࡲ࡛ࡢ࣓ࢹつไࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Binnendijk 70㸧ࠋ60 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙ṇᘧໃࡀኚࢃࡾࠊ1967 ᖺ 11 ᭶ ࡢబ⸨࣭ࢪࣙࣥࢯࣥㄯ࡛ 3 ᖺ௨ෆἈ⦖ࢆ㏉㑏ࡍࡿࡢኌ᫂ࡀฟࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࠊ1969 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 21 ᪥ࡢబ ⸨࣭ࢽࢡࢯࣥㄯ࠾ࡅࡿඹྠኌ࡛᫂ 1972 ᖺ㏉㑏࠸࠺ࡇࡀᐉゝࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡋࠊUSCAR యࡢ ண⟬ࡀῶࡿ࡞ࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢไసࡣ⥆ࡁࠊᗈሗάືࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿࡇࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ࠸࠺ࡢࡶࠊἈ⦖㏉ 㑏ྜពᚋࠊᗈሗᒁࡣἈ⦖ࡢேࠎࢆ㏉㑏ྥࡅ࡚ᚰ⌮ⓗ‽ഛࡉࡏࡿ࠸࠺ᚰ⌮సᡓࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࡽ࡛࠶ ࡿ㸦ྜྷᮏ 328-29㸧ࠋ1970 ᖺࡣᚰ⌮సᡓࢆಟṇࡋࡓࠕ㧗➼ᘚົᐁᗓࡢẸሗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࠖࡀసࡽࢀࠊ
ᗈሗᒁ➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᙉࡉࢀࡓࠋ㧗➼ᘚົᐁᐊᗈሗᒁ㛗ࡢࢪࣙࢭࣇ࣭࢚ࣦࣥࢫࡢ㛫࡛ ࢃࡉࢀࡓᶵᐦᩥ᭩࡛ࠊ࢚ࣦࣥࢫࡣࡇࡢಟṇ㡯┠ࡢ࠸ࡃࡘᑐពぢࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊUSCAR ࡢᗈሗᒁࡣࠊ࠸࡞ࡿ≧ἣୗ࡛ࡶ᪥ᮏᮏᅵἈ⦖ࡢࠕᐙ᪘႖ვࠖࡢ୰ࡗ࡚ධࡿࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⪃࠼ ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࠕἈ⦖ࡢேࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆࠊ᪥ᮏἈ⦖㛫ࡢၥ㢟㛵ࡍࡿ௰ᙺࡳࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࡇࢆㄆࡵࡿࠖ ࠸࠺㡯┠ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ែᗘࢆᑡࡋ࡛ࡶຓ㛗ࡍࡿࡇࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ࢆ࡞❧ሙ㏣࠸㎸ࡴࡇ ࡞ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢࡃࡔࡾࡣ๐㝖ࡍࡁࡔ㏙࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Evans㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ௰ᙺ࡞ࡗ࡚ ࡋࡲ࠺ࠊ᪥ᮏᮏᅵ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣἈ⦖ࡢࡕࡽࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᨭᣢࢆබ⾲ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ❧ࡕ⨨ࢆ᭷ࡋࡼ ࠺ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿᠱᛕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Evans㸧ࠋࡶࡋࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀἈ⦖ഃࡘ࠸࡚ၥ㢟ゎỴࢆࡋࡼ࠺ ࡋࡓཷࡅྲྀࡽࢀࢀࡤࠊ᪥ᮏࡽಙࢆ㈙࠸ࠊࡑࡢၥ㢟ࡢゎỴࡸࠊࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ᪥⡿㛵ಀࡶᝏᙳ㡪ࡀฟ ࡡ࡞࠸ᠱᛕࡋࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡉࡽ࢚ࣦࣥࢫࡣࠊ௨ୗᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࠊ㧗➼ᘚົᐁᗓࡢẸሗࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛ᥎ዡࡉࢀࡓᚰ⌮సᡓࡢ 㡯┠㸦e f㸧㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶᑐពぢࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋ a. ࣓ࣜ࢝᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡛ྜពࡋࡓᖐࡢ᮲௳㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊἈ⦖ࡢேࠎࢆᚰ⌮ⓗ‽ഛࡉࡏࡿࠋ b. ᖐࡢ‽ഛࡢ㐣⛬࡛⏕ࡌࡿၥ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚⋡┤⢭ᰝࡍࡿࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡣࡍ࡚࠺ࡲࡃ ゎỴࡉࢀࡿぢ㎸ࡳࡀ࠶ࡿࡇࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࠋ c. Ἀ⦖ேࠊ⌰⌫ᇶᆅࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝㌷ࡀᏑ⥆ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡿ᭷ᙧࠊ↓ᙧࡢᜠᜨࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡽࡏࡿࠋ d. Ἀ⦖ࡢேࠎࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ἀ⦖ࡢ⤒῭ࢆⓎᒎࡉࡏேࠎࡢ⏕άࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡓࡇࠊࡲࡓ ࡇࢀࡽࡶࡑࡢດຊࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡗࡁࡾ⌮ゎࡉࡏホ౯ࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࠋ e. Ἀ⦖ே⮬ࡽࡢᩥⓗ㑇⏘ࡢࡾࢆ㧗ࡵࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏛ⪅ࡸ➨୕⪅ࡼࡿἈ⦖ᩥࡢ㧗࠸ホ ౯ࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࠋ f. ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀຠ⋡ⓗ࡛ᐇຠᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᆅᇦ⾜ᨻࢆಁ㐍ࡋᨭࡍࡿࡓࡵᑾຊࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇᑐࡋࠊ Ἀ⦖ࡢேࠎࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣࠊẸ⩏ࡢཎ๎ᇶ࡙ࡁࠊ࡞㈈ᨻไᗘᨭ࠼ࡽࢀⓎ ᒎࡋࡓ♫ࡼࡗ࡚ᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ g. ඹ⏘⩏ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ㛫㐪ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᐇ㊶ࡋ࡚ࡶᝏ࡛ࠊἈ⦖ࡸ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢᏳࡸேࠎࡢఏ⤫ⓗ ࡞⏕άᵝᘧࡢ⬣ጾ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆἈ⦖ࡢேࠎ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡿࠋ h. ಶࠎࡢἈ⦖ே࣓ࣜ࢝ேࠊ≉㌷ேࡢ㛫ࡢࣇࣞࣥࢻࢩࢵࣉࡸ⌮ゎࠊ࠸ㄆࡵྜ࠺ែᗘࢆ ዡບࡍࡿࠋ i. ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ♫ࡸไᗘࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢேࠎࡸ⏕άᵝᘧࡢዲࡲࡋ࠸࣓࣮ࢪࢆⓎಙࡍࡿࠋ j. ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀୡ⏺ᖹࡸṇ⩏ࠊ⮬⏤ࠊ㐍Ṍࢆ㇟ᚩࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡸࠊ࠸࡞ࡿᙧែࡢయ⩏ࢆࡶ ᩛࡳ࡞ࡍࡀࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡢேࠎ࣭♫࣭ᩥࢩࢫࢸ࣒῝࠸ᩗពࢆᡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆ♧ࡍࡇ ࡛ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢዲࡲࡋ࠸࣓࣮ࢪࢆᅜ㝿ⓗⓎಙࡍࡿࠋ k. ୡ⏺ྐࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉␗࡞ࠊࡘࡢ␗࡞ࡿᩥ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ᪥⡿㛫ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀୡ⏺ࡢᖹ ࡸ⦾ᰤࡗ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࢆἈ⦖ࡢேࠎ⣡ᚓࡉࡏࡿࠋ㸦7th㸧 ࢚ࣦࣥࢫࡣୖグࡢ e f 㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡽࢆබ↛ᐉఏࡍࡿࠊ᪥ᮏഃࡽࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡳ㛵ࢃࡿᅜෆ ၥ㢟࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀᖸ΅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㠀㞴ࡉࢀࡡ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࠊ๐㝖ࡍࡿ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඃඛ㡰ࢆ᭱ࡶపࡃࡍ ࡁࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢලయⓗ࡞㡯┠ࡢグ㏙ࡢ࠶ࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ┠ⓗ㐩ᡂࡢࡓࡵࠊ࣓ࢹࢆ᭱㝈⏝ ࡍࡿࡇࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠊどぬ࣓ࢹࠊࣛࢪ࣓࢜ࢹࡢࠊ➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲ࡀど⫈ぬࢳ࣮࣒ࢆ㞠⏝ࡍࡿࠊ 6 㧗➼ᘚົᐁࡢẸ㛫ሗࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛᨭࡢࡓࡵࡢど⫈ぬ㈨ᩱࢆࡉࡽไసࡍࡿ࡞ࡢグ㏙ࡀ⥆ࡃࡀࠊࡑ ࢀࡽ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ≉ᑐពぢࡣ㏙࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡏࡼࠊ࢚ࣦࣥࢫࡢせㄳᩥࡽࠊᗈሗᒁࡀἈ⦖ ㏉㑏ࢆ┠๓ࡋࠊ⡿ᅜࡢࢪᨻ⟇࡛㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡍࠕ᪥ᮏᮏᅵࠖࢆ࡞ࡾព㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀ࠺ ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ⩣ 1971 ᖺࡣࠊ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࠊᨻ㢳ၥࠊᅾἈ⡿㌷ሗᑗᰯࡼࡿࠕᗈሗ⾜ືጤဨࠖࡀ⤖ᡂࡉࢀࠊ⮬ ⾨㝲ᑐࡍࡿᚰ⌮ⓗ‽ഛࠊ᪥⡿㛵ಀᙉࡢ᭷┈ᛶࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐉఏࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸦ྜྷᮏ 329㸧ࠋࡑࡢᖺࡢᗈ ሗᒁࡢᨻ⟇㛵ࡍࡿᥦ᭩ࡽࠊ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࠊ⡿ᅜᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࠊᅾἈ⡿㌷ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᙉࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ࠺ ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢᥦ᭩ࡼࡿࠊ1971 ィᖺᗘࠊྜ⾗ᅜሗࢧ࣮ࣅࢫ㸦USIS㸧ࡽᗈሗᒁᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ ணᮇࡏࡠ 2 ࢻࣝࡢ㈈ᨻຓࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠸㐨ࡘ࠸࡚⣽࠸ᣦ♧ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦“Public”
2㸧ࠋࡑࡢ୰ࡢࢸࣞࣅ࣭ࣛࢪ࢜㛵ࡍࡿࡶࡢࠊࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡢࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࢆᨵၿࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ
ࡼࡾⰋ࠸ࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࢭࢵࢺࡍࡿࡇ࡛ࠊᗈሗᒁࡢ␒⤌ࠊࡼࡾࣉࣟࣇ࢙ࢵࢩࣙࢼࣝ࡞㞺ᅖẼࢆฟࡍࡇ ࡀฟ᮶ࡿ࠸࠺⌮⏤ࡅࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦“Public” 9㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊࢤࢫࢺࢫࣆ࣮࣮࢝ࢠࣕࣛࢆᡶ࠺ࡇ࡛ࡼ ࡾⰋ࠸ᡯ⬟ࢆⓎぢ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࠊᒁ࡛ࡑࡢேࡀ࠸ࡃࡽࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢆཧ⪃ࡋࠊ୍ே୍␒⤌ࡘࡁ 10 ࢻࣝ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ 30 ࢻࣝࢆᨭᡶ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡇࢀࡣࡍู࡛ዎ⣙ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ࢆ㝖ࡃࠊ Ꮫᩍᤵࠊ࢚ࢥࣀ࣑ࢫࢺࠊࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺ࡞ᣍᚅࡉࢀ࡚␒⤌ฟ₇ࡍࡿேࠎࢆᣦࡋࠊࡇࢀࡽᚲせ࡞ண ⟬ࡀ 1000 ࢻࣝ᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦“Public” 9㸧ࠋᙜࠊࢫࢱࢪ࢜ࢆ࠺⏕␒⤌ࡣᆅඖࡢࢸࣞࣅᒁ࡛⾜ࢃ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊࡑࡕࡽ㈨㔠ࢆᢞධࡋࡓᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ ࡉࡽࠊᥦ᭩ࡣᗈሗᒁ㛗➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲ࡀ㠀බᘧヰࡋྜ࠸ࠊ1972 ィᖺᗘࡣࠊ➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲ࡀ ᨺᫎᩱࡸே௳㈝ࢆฟ㈨ࡍࡿពᛮ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦“Public” 9㸧ࠋᗈሗᒁࡢࣛࢪ࢜ࡸ ࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡣࠊUSCAR ࡢẁ㝵ⓗᗫṆ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㛗ࡃ⥆ࡅࡿࡁࡔࡋࠊᖐࡲ࡛ࡣ␒⤌ ࡢᙧែࡸࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࡣኚ࠼ࡎࠊ➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲ࡀᨺᫎᩱࡸே௳㈝ࢆฟ㈨ࡍࡿࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦“Public” 9㸧ࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛ࡢࣛࢪ࢜ࢸࣞࣅࡢ␒⤌ไసண⟬ࡣᖺ 41,748 ࢻ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦“Public” 9㸧ࠋ USCAR ไసࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡣᖖࠕᥦ౪ࡣẸᨻᗓ࡛ࡍࠖ࠸࠺ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢸࣟࢵࣉࡀධࡗ࡚ ࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊࠕ␒⤌ࡢᙧែࡸࢫ࣏ࣥࢧ࣮ࢆኚ࠼ࡎࠖసࡾ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡣࠊฟ㈨ඖࡀ㌷ࡢ➨ 7 ᚰ⌮㒊㝲࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡣ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇ࡞ࡾࠕ㠀බ↛సᡓࠖ7ࡢᙧែࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡇࡢィ⏬᭩ࡢ᭱ᚋࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᚋࠊ⌰⌫ิᓥ࠾ࡅࡿつᶍ࡞࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡀ↓ᮇ㝈⥆ࡃࡇࡀணࡉࢀࡿࠋ ᖐࡸ USCAR ࡢゎయࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢࣉࣞࢮࣥࢫࡢᢎᨭ ᣢࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡢࠊ⌧ᅾࡢᗈሗᒁࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢࢽ࣮ࢬࡀῶࡿࡇࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⌧ᅾࡢ㌷ࢥ࣑ࣗ ࢽࢸ࣮㛵ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᗈሗᒁࡀᖐྥࡅ࡚ࡢィ⏬᭩࡛♧ࡋࡓ ࡼ࠺ࠊሗࢥ࣮ࢹࢿ࣮ࢱ࣮ࡢࡶࠊ㌷ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᗈሗ㒊ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢ⤌⧊ࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ࠶ࡓࡾࠊUSCAR ᗈሗᒁࢫࢱࢵࣇࡢ㇏ᐩ࡞⤒㦂ࢆ⏕ࡍࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᖐ ๓ᚋࡢΰࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵࠊᖐ๓యไࢆᩚ࠼ࡿࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸦
“Public” 12㸧
ࡇࡢᩥ᭩ࡽࠊἈ⦖↓ᮇ㝈㌷ᇶᆅࢆ⨨ࡃࡓࡵࠊᖐ๓ࡢᗈሗᨻ⟇ࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃ ࡿࠋ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶࡢど⫈ぬㄢไసࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡣࡇࡢᮇࡢࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡢࡣࠊἈ⦖㏉㑏ࡀỴࡲࡾࠊ ᫎീࡸ㈨ᩱ࡞ࡢಖᏑࢆព㆑ࡋࡓࡓࡵ࡞ࡢࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤ࡣᐃ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊᖐ┤๓ࡢ␒⤌ไసࡢ⫼ᬒ ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰ⌮సᡓࡢኚ᭦ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋἈ⦖㏉㑏࠶ࡓࡾࠊẸᨻᗓࠊ⡿ᅜᨻᗓᶵ㛵ࠊ⡿㌷ࡀ༠ຊࡋࠊ ᮍ᮶ྥࡅ࡚ᗈሗᡓ␎ࢆ⦎ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀࢃࡿࠋ 㸱㸬USCAR ไసࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡑࡢඖ ࡛ࡣࠊUSCAR ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࢆไసࡋࠊࡢࡼ࠺ᨺᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ Ἀ⦖࡛⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᨻ⟇ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊఫẸ⌮ゎࡉࡏᨭᣢࢆᚓࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀᗈሗᒁࡢ௵ົࡢ᰾࡞ࡿࡶࡢ ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ␒⤌ࡢෆᐜࡶࠊ⡿Ẹᨻᗓദࡢᩥ࣋ࣥࢺࠊබඹᴗࠊឿၿᴗࠊ㧗➼ᘚົᐁࡢྛᆅ ゼၥ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ1967㹼1968 ᖺࡢࠗ⌰⌫ิᓥࡢẸᨻ࠘8ࡼࡿࠊࡇࡢᮇࡢ␒ ⤌ࡣᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀἈ⦖㥔␃ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡿ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⤒῭ࠊᩥࠊ♫Ⓨᒎࡢ㈉⊩ࠊ⌰⡿ぶ ၿ┦༠ຊࡢࠊࢪࡢ⮬⏤ᅜᐙࡢᗊㆤ⪅ࡋ࡚ࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⌰⌫࠾ࡅࡿᙺࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢୡ⏺ ࠾ࡅࡿⰋ࠸࣓࣮ࢪࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿάືࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Civil, 16, 210㸧ࠋ1969㹼1970 ᖺࡢ ሗ࿌ࡼࡿࠊࡍ࡚ࡢ␒⤌࡛ࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ⌰⌫࡛ࡢ㈉⊩ࡸࠊᆅᇦࡸୡ⏺ࡢ᭱㏆ࡢヰ㢟ࢆᐇᇶ࡙ࡁ ሗ㔞㇏ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢆᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Civil, 18, 241㸧ࠋୖ㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බ ᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶࡢᙜࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌⏝ࡢࣇ࣒ࣝࡣ 1970 ᖺ๓ᚋࡢࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࡀࠊࡑࡢ࡞ࢺࣆࢵࢡࡣࠊࠕձ ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓദࡢㄞ᭩㐌㛫ࠊ㟷ᑡᖺ⛉Ꮫࡢ᪥ࠊ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋࡛ࡢάື➼ࡢᩥᴗࠊղឡᴦᅬࡸឡ⇥ᅬ ࡞ࡢタࠊճ㉥࠸⩚᰿ເ㔠࣭⚟♴ᴗ㛵ࢃࡿ⌰⌫࣭⡿ᅜேࡢάືࠊմ㐨㊰࣭ᶫࡢᕤ⌧ሙࠊյỈ㐨࣭ ୗỈ㐨࣭㟁ຊタࡢᘓタ⌧ሙࠊࡲࡓࡣࡑࡢⴠᡂᘧࠊն㞳ᓥ⤂ࠊշ㧗➼ᘚົᐁࡢἈ⦖ྛᆅゼၥࠊո⡿㌷ ࡢ⌰⌫ఫẸࡢዊάືࡸຓάືࠊչ⡿ᅜࡢ␃Ꮫไᗘ࡞ࠖ㸦ᒣ➃㸧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᗈሗᒁど⫈ぬㄢࡣ୍㐌㛫ࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ 2 ᮏࠊࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌ 5㹼7 ᮏࢆᨺ㏦ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀ௨እࡶᖺ ఱᮏࢸࣞࣅࡢ≉ู␒⤌ࢆᨺᫎࡋࡓࠋ9ᆅඖᨺ㏦ᒁࡀ⯆ࡢ࠶ࡿࢺࣆࢵࢡࡔࡗࡓሙྜࠊᨺ㏦ᯟࢆᐤࡋ ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil, 15, 241㸧ࠋ10⌰⡿࣮࢞ࣝࢫ࢝࢘ࢺάືࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ㔜せ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓ␒⤌ ࡢ୰ࡣࠊ࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ᨺᫎࡍࡿࡓࡵࢿ࢞ࡀ㈚ࡋฟࡉࢀࡓࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil,16, 210㸧ࠋ11࠸ࡎࢀࡏ ࡼࠊࡰẖ᪥ࠊఱࡋࡽࡢ USCAR ไస␒⤌ࡀ㟁Ἴࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ Ἀ⦖ࢸࣞࣅ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦ࡢᨺ㏦ᯟࢆ㈙࠸ྲྀࡾᨺᫎࡉࢀࡓ␒⤌ྡࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ࠊࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭ ࣮࢘ࢡ࣮࡛ࣜ࠘ࠊࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ࡣ 1959 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 13 ᪥ࡽ 1972 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 9 ᪥ࡲ࡛⣙ 12 ᖺ༙ࠊࠗࢸ ࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ࡣ 1960 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 7 ᪥ࡽ 1972 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 8 ᪥ࡲ࡛⣙ 12 ᖺ⥆࠸ࡓࠋ12ᮇࡸࡑࡢࠎࡢ ≧ἣࡼࡾኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊ13 ᨺ㏦㛫ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢦ࣮ࣝࢹࣥࢱ࣒࡛ࠊ1969 ᖺࡽ 1970 ᖺ㡭ࡢ␒⤌ࡢᨺ㏦㛫ࡣࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ࡀⅆ᭙ࡢ 18:00 ࡽ 18:30㸦30 ศ㸧ࠊࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ࡀ᭶᭙ࡢ 18:15 ࡽ 18:30㸦15 ศ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil, 18, 242㸧ࠋ1967 ᖺࡢἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅࡢᨺᫎᩱࡣࠊ ୍␒㧗࠸ 18 ࡽ 23 ࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ᖏ࡛ 30 ศࡘࡁ 333.33 ࢻࣝ㸦12 㸧ࠊ␒⤌ᤄධࡢࢼ࢘ࣥࢫ࣓ ࣥࢺࡣ 1 ศࡘࡁ 69.44 ࢻࣝ㸦25,000 㸧ࡔࡗࡓ㸦ࠗἈ⦖࠘196㸧ࠋ1969 ᖺ࡞ࡿྠ㛫ᖏ 30 ศࡢᨺ ᫎᩱࡀ 695 ࢻࣝ㸦25 㸧࡞ࡿ㸦ࠗἈ⦖࠘197㸧ࠋ14 ᅇᩘᘬࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊ30 ศ␒⤌ࢆẖ㐌ไ స࣭ᨺᫎࡍࡿࡣ࡞ࡾࡢ㈨㔠ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇࡀศࡿࠋ1968 ᖺ㡭ࡣࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅࡢᨺᫎᩱࡀ ୖࡀࡗࡓࡇࡼࡿ㈈ᨻ㞴ࡸࠊẸᨺࡸබඹᨺ㏦࡛ࡢඃ⚽࡞ேဨࡢ⋓ᚓ➇தࡼࡿ៏ᛶⓗ࡞ேᡭ㊊ࡶᣦ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Civil, 16, 210㸧ࠋ 1968 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࡽ 1969 ᖺ 6 ᭶ࡲ࡛ไసࡉࢀࡓ 52 ᮏࡢࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊ39 ᮏࡣど ⫈ぬㄢࡼࡾไసࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ13 ᮏ㸦25㸣㸧ࡣ USIS ไࡢࠗ⛉Ꮫሗ࡛࠘࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil, 17, 209㸧ࠋど⫈ ぬㄢไస 39 ᮏࡢࢺࣆࢵࢡࡢෆヂࡣࠊ⤒῭άື࣭බඹᴗ 19.2㸣ࠊᩥ࣋ࣥࢺ➼ 19.2㸣ࠊ་⒪࣭ᩍ⫱࣭ ⚟♴㛵㐃ࡀ 13.4㸣ࠊ㧗➼ᘚົᐁ࣭Ẹᨻᐁࡢάື 11.5㸣ࠊ᭱㏆ࡢヰ㢟 11.5㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Civil, 17, 209㸧ࠋ ୍᪉ࡢࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ28 ᮏࡀࢫࢱࢪ࡛࢜ࡢࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ␒⤌࡛ࠊ12 ᮏࡀࣇ࣒࡛ࣝ㘓 ⏬ࡋࡓ␒⤌࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ7 ᮏࡀ USIS ไࠊ5 ᮏࡀど⫈ぬㄢไ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil, 17, 210㸧ࠋయࡢྜࡢ ෆヂࡣࠊ⌰⡿ぶၿ 20㸣ࠊUSIS ไస 17.5㸣ࠊබඹᴗ 15㸣ࠊ㎰࣭⏘࣭ほගᴗ 15㸣ࠊᩍ⫱࣭⚟♴ 12.5㸣ࠊ 㧗➼ᘚົᐁ࣭Ẹᨻᐁࡢάື 10㸣ࠊබඹࣥࣇࣛ 10㸣࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Civil, 17, 210㸧ࠋ Ἀ⦖ࢸࣞࣅ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦ࡢㄪᰝࡼࡿࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ USCAR ␒⤌ࡢど⫈⋡ࡣ 8㹼17㸣࡛ࠊࡑࢀᙳ㡪 ຊࡣ࡞ࡗࡓࡢሗ࿌ࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸦Binnendijk 70㸧ࠊ15 1970 ᖺ㡭ࡣ୍⯡ᐙᗞ࡛ࢸࣞࣅࡀᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ ࡽࠊព㆑ࡋ࡚ほࡓྰࢃࡽࡎࠊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ┠ぢ࠼ࡓᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࠺㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ␒⤌ࢆ┠ࡋࡓࡇࡢ࠶ࡿேࡣᑡ࡞ࡽࡎ࠸ࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ16 ࠼ࡤࠊUSCAR ࡼࡿࠊ1969 ᖺ 6 ᭶ 30 ᪥⌧ᅾࡢ⌰ࡢࢸࣞࣅᡤ᭷ᩘࡣ 168,940 ྎ㸦࠺ࡕ 5,048 ࡣ࣮࢝ࣛࢸࣞࣅ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil, 17, 217㸧ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ⌰⌫ᨻᗓࡀ 1969 ᖺᕷ⏫ᮧࡽ 400 ேࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓᗈ⫈ࡼࡿࠊࢸࣞࣅᬑཬ⋡ࡣ 88㸣 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ࠕᗢົࠖ10㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊ⌰⌫ᨻᗓࡀࡇࡢࡇࢁ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦ࡸἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅ࡛ᨺᫎࡋࡓࠗᨻᗓࡢ❆࠘ࡢ ࠺ࡕࠊἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦ศࡣẖ᭶➨ 4 ⅆ᭙᪥ࡢ༗ᚋ 6 30 ศࡽ 7 ࡲ࡛࡛ࠊ࡞ࡐࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ ࡢᨺ㏦㛫ྠ㛫ᖏ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࠗᨻᗓࡢ❆࠘࠸࠺␒⤌ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢࡣయࡢ 7 ࡛ࠊࡑ ࡢ୰࡛࠸ࡘࡶぢ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀ 11㸣ࠊࠎぢ࡚࠸ࡿேࡀ 72㸣࡛ࠊ8 ௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦ࠕᗢົࠖ11㸧ࠋ17 USCAR ไస␒⤌㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊUSCAR ไసࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡀࡢ⛬ᗘぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࢆ▱ࡿ࠺ ࠼࡛ཧ⪃࡞ࡿ⤫ィ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᙜࠊ␒⤌ࡣど⫈ぬㄢࡢ⫋ဨࡀ 16 ࣑ࣜࣇ࣒࡛ࣝᙳ࣭⦅㞟ࡋࠊ㡢ኌࡣู࡛㘓㡢࣭⦅㞟ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽ ࢆࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ࡶࢸࣞࣅᒁᣢࡗ࡚⾜ࡁࠊᨺ㏦㛫࡞ࡿࢸࣞࣅᒁࡢ⫋ဨࡀࡑࡢሙ࡛ᫎീࠊ 㡢ኌࠊ㡢ᴦࢆὶࡍ࠸࠺సᴗࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ18ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡶᨺ㏦ᡭࡀ✵࠸࡚࠸ࡓࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ࡀ ⏕࡛ㄞࢇࡔ࠸࠺ࠋᐇ㝿ࠊ࠶ࡿཎ✏ࢡࣜࢵࣉ࡛Ṇࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࣓ࣔࡣࠊࠕࡇࡢࣇ࣒ࣝࡣࢿ࢞ࣇ ࣒࡛ࣝ┤᥋ᫎࡣ࡛ࡁࡲࡏࢇࠋࡓࡔࡋ TV ᨺ㏦ᒁࡽᨺᫎࡍࡿࡇࡣฟ᮶ࡲࡍࠖグࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẸᨻ ᗓ࡛ࣇ࣒ࣝࢆ⦅㞟ࡋ࡚ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ Q ࢱ࣒࡞ࢆ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡳࠊᨺᫎࡣᨺ㏦ᒁ⫋ဨࡀ୰ᚰ࡞ࡗ ࡚⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊど⫈ぬㄢࡢ⫋ဨࡶ❧ࡕྜ࠸ࠊᣦ♧ࡔࡋ➼ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ19࣓ࣔࡢᚋ༙㒊ศࡣࠊ ࠕQ ࢱ࣒ࡀ㐪ࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࣇ࣮ࢺࢆฟࡋ࡚ Q ࢱ࣒ࢆ᪂ࡓタᐃࡋ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋBGM ࡣࣇ࣒ࣝ ࡢ⤮ྠࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡍࢀࡤࠊ⤮ࣀࢬྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࡍࠖ᭩ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᙜࡢࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ࡀࠊ ࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦ᒁ࡛ࡢࡼ࠺ᨺ㏦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ࠺ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡔࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊUSCAR ไసࡢࣇ࣒ࣝࡣࢇࡀ↓ኌ࡛ࠊᨺ㏦ࡢ࡞≧ែ࡛ṧ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ␒⤌ࡣࡰ࡞࠸ࠋ20 ࡋࡋࠊ㏆ᖺ➹⪅ࡀ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡇࢁࠊཎ✏ࡀ 12 సရศ ᡤⶶࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀศࡗࡓ㸦⾲ 1㸧ࠋࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊ㡢ᴦࠊࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ➼ࡀධࡗࡓ㡢ኌࢸ࣮ࣉࡶ 4 Ⅼධᡭ࡛ࡁࡓࡓࡵࠊඖᨺ㏦ᒁ⫋ဨࡢ᪉ࠎࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓ࡚ࠊ୕సࢆࠕඖࠖࡋࠊ2015 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 21 ᪥ Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋࡛⾜ࡗࡓබᩥ᭩ά⏝ㅮᗙ࡛ୖᫎࡋࡓࠋඖࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓඖ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦ࡢ᪂㔛ᙪẶࡣࠊᙜ ࡢ㡢ᴦࢆ࠸ࠊᫎീࡀ࡞࠸㒊ศࡣ㡢ᴦࡣࡪࡏࡿࡀᫎീࡣ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ࡛ࠊࢸࣟࢵࣉࢆ㏣ຍࡋࠊ࡞ࡿࡃᙜ ࡢ㞺ᅖẼࢆṧࡍࡼ࠺ࡋࡓ࠸࠺ࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࠊᅇඖࡉࢀࡓసရ㸦⾲ 1 ࡢ 1㺂2㺂7㸧ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋ ࢝ࢵࢥࡘࡁࡣཎ✏ࡢ➹㊧ࡽุᐃ 6 ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࠊ& ࣓࢝ࣛ ₇ዌࡢ㘓㡢ࡢࡳ ᥦ౪ࡣ⌰⌫㟁ຊබ♫ ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳ࣭ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ㡢ኌࡢࡳ 㹼 㡫ࡣḞⴠ ⾲㸯 ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶ⡿Ẹᨻᗓไసࢸࣞࣅ␒⤌ཎ✏㸦➹⪅㞟ศࠊ2015 ᖺ 12 ᭶⌧ᅾ㸧 㸱.㸯ࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ̿᪂ࡋࡃタࡅࡽࢀࡓᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑ࠘㸦1967 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 14 ᪥ᨺᫎ㸧 ᮏ␒⤌ࡣ⌧Ꮡࡍࡿཎ✏ࡢ୰୍࡛␒ྂࡃࠊ㡢ኌࢸ࣮ࣉࡶṧࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࠊ21ࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗ㡢 ኌ㡢ᴦࡀ㘓㡢ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋึࡵࡢ࠺ࢥ࣐࣮ࢩࣕࣝࡢ㡢※ࡶධࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊᨺ㏦ᨺ㏦ᒁ࡛␒ ⤌㛤ጞ┤๓ࡽ㘓㡢ࢆࡋࡓࡶࡢ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋⌧Ꮡࡍࡿᩘᑡ࡞࠸㡢ኌࢸ࣮ࣉࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ ࠶ࡿࠋ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺ࠊ␒⤌ࡣࢸࣞࣅᒁ࡛⏕࡛ᨺ㏦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ࡞ࡐࡇࡢ␒⤌ࡢ㡢ኌࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࠊ ࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋࡓ⌮⏤ࡣࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ22ไసᢸᙜࡣ᳃ୗ ᭷ࡓࡶࡘࠊᨺᫎ᪥ࡣ 1967 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 14 ᪥࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ␒⤌ࡣࠊ1967 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࠊᗈሗᒁࡢᩥᴗ㒊⟶㎄ࡢ㑣ぞ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋 1 㝵ࣟࣅ࣮タࡅࡽࢀࡓࠊ ෆ⫋ᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑࢆᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋദ⪅ࡣࠊ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋፬ே༠㆟࡛ࠊྠࠕ㛗ࡢ⩝㛗ྩ௦ࡉࢇࠊ ࣓ࣜ࢝፬ே༠㆟㛗ࠊࢢࣞࢫ࣭ࣈࣛ࢘ࣥࡉࢇࡢᡭ࡛ࢸ࣮ࣉࡀษࡽࢀࠊࡇࡇ᪂ࡋࡃἈ⦖ࡢෆ⫋ᡭ ᕤᴗ㈍ᗑࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡍࠖ࠸࠺ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀධࡿࠋ㸦ࡋࡋࡑࡢᫎീࡣḞⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ23㸧 ⌰⡿፬ே༠㆟ࡣࠊࠕ㑣ぞ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋ࡀ⾜࠺άືࢆࡼࡾ᭷ព⩏࡞ࡶࡢࡍࡿࡓࡵ༠ຊࡍࡿ⤌⧊࡛ࠖࠊ 1966 ᖺ 9 ᭶⤌⧊ᨵ⦅ࢆ⤒࡚タ❧ࡉࢀࡓ㸦ྥ 26㸧ࠋ ⥆࠸࡚ࠊෆ⫋ᡭᕤᴗࡢ㈍㊰ࡢᣑᙇࢆಁࡍ࠸࠺ࠊࡇࡢ㈍ᗑࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ⫼ᬒࡸ┠ⓗࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࠕࡈ ࡽࢇࡢࡼ࠺ࢩ࣮࣭ࣙ࢘ࣥࢻ࣮ࡣࠊࡠ࠸ࡄࡿࡳࡢேᙧࡸࠊẟ⣒ࠊ࣮ࣞࢫࡢ⦅ࡳ≀ࠊࢡࢭࢧ࣮ࣜࡸ ࣂࢵࢢ➼ࡢᐙᗞⓗ࡞ᴦࡋ࠸㞺ᅖẼࡢᡭ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᡭⱁရࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊᆅ᪉Ⰽ㇏࡞Ẹⱁရࡀࡗࡉࡾ୪ࡽ ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ࣭࣭࣭ࠖ࠸࠺ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡀධࡿࠋ୪ࡽࢀࡓࣂࢵࢢࡢ㞄ᑠࡉࡵࡢࢩ࣮ࢧ࣮ࡀయࡕࡻࡇ ࢇ୪ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢩࣙࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊࢩ࣮ࣙࢣ࣮ࢫࡢ୰ࡣ࠶ࢇࡀࡲࡢ࠾㠃ࡸࠊᚋࢁࡢᲴࡣἻ ┒ࢆධࢀࡿ࢝ࣛ࢝ࣛࡶ୪ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࠕᆅ᪉Ⰽ㇏࡞Ẹⱁရࠖࡼࡾࡶࠕᡭసࡾࡢᡭⱁရࠖࡢ ࠺ࡀᩘࡀከ࠸ࡼ࠺ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࢱࢺࣝࡸࡢࡕᫎࡉࢀࡿዪᛶࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᫎീࡽࡶศࡿࡼ࠺ࠊᡭⱁ ရࡢ㈍ࡀ┠ⓗ࡛ࠊẸⱁရࡣ࠾ࡑࡽࡃ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡸほගᐈྥࡅࡢ࠾ࡲࡅၟရࡔᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿᐈࡶ࣓ࣜ࢝ே࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᆅඖࡢዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑࡢࡓࡿᐈࡣ࣓ࣜ࢝ேዪᛶ࡛ࠊᖐᅜ ࡍࡿ࣓ࣜ࢝ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢドゝࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺ࡔࡀ㸦ྥ 27㸧ࠊᮏ␒⤌ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾ࡛ࡣࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᐈࡣ ᫎࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠾ࡽࡎࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶࠕࡣእேࡸほගᐈࡶ᮶ࡿࠖ㏙ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊᐇ㝿ࡣ ࠺ࡔࡗࡓࡢ᳨ドࡀᚲせᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡏࡼࠊ㐌୍ᅇࡢႠᴗࡶࢃࡽࡎ㈍ୖᡂ⦼ࡣᖹ ᆒ 50 ࢻࣝ௨ୖⰋࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࠋ ḟࠊ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋ࢆ㞳ࢀࠊἈ⦖ 30 ⤌௨ୖ࠶ࡿ፬ேෆ⫋ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢ୍ࡘࠊࡓࡕࡤ࡞ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ ࡢࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᐙᗞ፬ேࡓࡕࡀᡭⱁࢆࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀᫎࡉࢀࡿࠋࠕዪᛶࡀࡃࠊᐙᗞࡌࡇࡵࡽࢀࡀࡕ࡞ 䝅䝸䞊䝈ྡ 䝃䝤䝍䜲䝖䝹 ᨺᫎᖺ᭶᪥ ไసᢸᙜ ཎ✏䛾✀㢮 ᯛᩘ 㡢ኌ 㻝 䝔䝺䝡䞉䜴䜱䞊䜽䝸䞊 ᪂䛧䛟タ䛡䜙䜜䛯ᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑ 㻝㻥㻢㻣ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻝㻠᪥ ᳃ୗ᭷ 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻞㻞 䕿 㻞 䝔䝺䝡䞉䜴䜱䞊䜽䝸䞊 䜰䝯䝸䜹ே䛻䜘䜛ᖺᮎຓ䛡ྜ䛔 㻝㻥㻢㻣ᖺ㻝㻞᭶㻞㻤᪥ ᳃ୗ᭷䚸ୖᕞᬛ 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻝㻟 㽢 㻟 䝔䝺䝡䞉䜴䜱䞊䜽䝸䞊 Ⓨᒎ䛩䜛ఙ㕲ᴗ 㻝㻥㻢㻤ᖺ㻡᭶㻥᪥ 㻔᳃ୗ᭷㻕㻖㻝 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻝㻜 㽢 㻠 䝔䝺䝡䞉䜴䜱䞊䜽䝸䞊 ᭱㏆䛾ヰ㢟䛛䜙 㻝㻥㻢㻥ᖺ㻢᭶㻞᪥ 㻔᳃ୗ᭷㻕 䜹䝑䝖⾲ 㻟 㽢 㻡 ே䞉䞉ሙᡤ ᖹᏳᗙᓥ䛾㏆ἣ 㻝㻥㻢㻥ᖺ㻤᭶㻝㻞᪥ 㻔ఀἼගṇ㻕 䜹䝑䝖⾲ 㻠 㽢 㻢 ≉ู␒⤌ ➨㻞㻥㝣㌷䝞䞁䝗₇ዌ䛸➨㻢ᅇ୰Ꮫ䞉㧗ᰯ⾜㐍䝞䞁䝗䝁䞁䝔䝇䝖 㻝㻥㻢㻥ᖺ㻝㻝᭶㻞㻤᪥ ఀἼගṇ 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䚸䜹䝑䝖⾲ 㻥㻘㻟 㽢 㻣 ே䞉䞉ሙᡤ ᪥ᮏ䛾ᩥ䜢Ꮫ䜆䜰䝯䝸䜹䛾Ꮚ౪㐩䠋ᩥ䜽䝷䝇 㻝㻥㻣㻜ᖺ㻟᭶㻞㻠᪥ ఀἼගṇ㻔㻿㻕ୖᕞᬛ㻔㻯䠅㻖㻞 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻞㻞 㽢 㻤 ≉ู␒⤌ ぶၿ䛾䛡ᶫ䠄➨㻞㻥㝣㌷䝞䞁䝗䠅 㻝㻥㻣㻜ᖺ㻡᭶㻝㻡᪥ ఀἼගṇ 㐍⾜⾲ 㻞 䕧㻖㻟 㻥 ே䞉䞉ሙᡤ ➨䠐ᅇෆ⫋ᡭᕤⱁᒎ♧༶䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻝㻥㻣㻜ᖺ㻢᭶㻞᪥ 㻔᳃ୗ᭷㻕 㐍⾜⾲ 㻞 㽢 㻝 㻜 ே䞉䞉ሙᡤ ㏻Ᏻ䛾䛒䜚᪉ 㻝㻥㻣㻝ᖺ㻠᭶㻢᪥ 㻔ఀἼගṇ㻕 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁䚸䜹䝑䝖⾲ 㻞㻜㻘㻠 䕿 㻝 㻝 ≉ู␒⤌ ஂ⡿ᓥ㻖㻠 㻝㻥㻣㻝ᖺ㻢᭶㻝㻤᪥ 㻔ఀἼගṇ䚸᳃ୗ᭷䚸䠛㻕 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻞㻟 䕧㻖㻡 㻝 㻞 䝔䝺䝡䞉䜴䜱䞊䜽䝸䞊 ᪥⌰Ꮫ⏕⡿㧗ᰯ୍᪥ධᏛ 㻫 㻔ఀἼගṇ㻕 䝘䝺䞊䝅䝵䞁 㻣㻔㻝㻜㻕㻖㻢 㽢
⚾ࡓࡕࡢ♫࡛ࡣࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉάືࡣࠊᐙᗞࡢ፬ࡢࠊ⏕ά࣭ᩥ࣭ࡑࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿ▱㆑ࡢὶ ࡢሙ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛ࠊࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡶព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿபࡲࡍࡀࠊࡋࡋࠊࡑࡢ㠃ࠊᢏ⾡ࡢྥୖࠊ㈍ ㊰ࡢᣑᙇபࡗࡓၥ㢟ࡶࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ෆ⫋ࢆࡋࡼ࠺ࡍࡿࡈ፬ேࡓࡕࡣࠊඹ㏻ࡋࡓࡁ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿ பࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊᡭⱁရࢥ࣮ࢼ࣮㛤タࡢຌ⦼ࢆࡓࡓ࠼ࡘࡘࠊㄢ㢟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋፬ே༠㆟ࡣᅾἈ࣓ࣜ࢝ே፬ேࢡࣛࣈࡢ⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡀᙉࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛ࠊ᪉ࡢ ဨࡣࠊ࠾࠸ࡢᐙᗞࢆゼၥࡋྜ࠸Ꮫࡧྜࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡀ㸦ྥ 27㸧ࠊࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࡢ␒⤌࡛ࡣ┤ ᥋ⓗࡣゐࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ ḟࡢ㒊ศ࡛ࡣࠊ⌰⡿፬ே༠㆟ࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓෆ⫋ᣦᑟヰ㢟ࡀ⛣ࡾࠊ㑣ぞ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋࡛㛤ࢀࡓ ᩍᐊࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ༞ᴗᘧࡀࣁ࣮ࣂ࣮ࣅ࣮ࣗࢡࣛࣈ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࠊ᮶㈱ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣮࢝࣌ࣥࢱ࣮Ẹ ᨻᐁኵேࡀ⚃㎡ࢆ㏙࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊᩍᐊᣦᑟ⪅ࡢ௰ᯇࣁࣝẶࡢ࠶࠸ࡉࡘࡀ⥆ࡃࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸἈ⦖ࡢせேࡢᣵᣜࡣ USCAR ไస␒⤌࡛ࡼࡃࡳࡽࢀࡿሙ㠃ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋせᡤせᡤ࡛Ⓩሙࡍࡿ ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࡣࠊෆ⫋ࡢᇦࢆฟ࡞࠸ࡏࡼࠊዪᛶࢆ⤒῭ⓗ࠸ࡃࡽ⮬❧ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡀ୍ᙺ㈙ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࢆࡢࡵࡍᙺࢆᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡣ௰ᯇẶࡢ࠶࠸ࡉࡘࡢ㏵୰࡛ษࢀࠊࢼࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ᯛศࡣᫎീࡶ㡢ኌࡶṧࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊཎ✏ࡢ᭱ᚋࡣࠊࠕࡇࡢ༞ᴗᘧࡣࠊ୍᪉ ࡣࠊෆ⫋ࡢ P࣭R࣭ࢆࡡࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶபࡲࡍࠖ࠸࠺グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊዪᛶࡢෆ⫋ࡀᐉఏࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿ࣋ࣥࢺࢆࠊẸᨻᗓࡢᗈሗ␒⤌ࡀࡉࡽᐉఏࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞㔜ᵓ㐀ࡀࡳ࠼ࡿࠋࠕど⫈ぬ࢘ࢺ ࣉࢵࢺࡣ⡿⌰ࡢࡢᨻᗓ࣭♫ᶵ㛵ࡢ༠ຊయไࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡇࡑᐇ⌧ྍ⬟ࠖ࠸࠺Ẹᨻᗓࡢබᘧぢゎࡀ࠶ࡿ ࡀ㸦Civil, 16, 210㸧ࠊᮏ␒⤌ࡸࡢ USCAR ไస␒⤌ࡣࡲࡉ⌰⡿፬ே༠㆟ࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ፬ேࢡࣛࣈ࡞ ࡢάືࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡇࡑᐇ⌧ࡋࡓࡶ࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡉࡽࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞࣋ࣥࢺࢆᙳࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣥ ࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࢆࡾࠊ⦅㞟ࢆࡋࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡛ࠊಸ௨ୖࡢຠᯝࢆ≺ࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ᅗ 1ࠗ᪂ࡋࡃタࡅࡽࢀࡓᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑ࠘ࡢࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ࠋୖ㒊ࠕ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓᗈሗᒁࠊど⫈ぬㄢࠖ༳ ๅࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ࡣᇶᮏⓗࡍ࡚ࡇࡢど⫈ぬㄢ≉〇ࡢ⏝⣬ᡭ᭩ࡁ࡛᭩ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢ ୗࡢవⓑ㒊ศࡣ⛊ᩘࡀ᭩ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊQ ࡢᩥᏐࡶぢ࠼ࡿࠋ
㸱.㸰ࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮࣓ࣜ̿ࣜ࢝ேࡼࡿᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸࠘㸦1967 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 28 ᪥ᨺᫎ㸧24 ᮏసࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ̿᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩࠘ࡣࠗ᪂ࡋࡃタࡅࡽࢀࡓᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑ࠘ ࢆཧ⪃ࠊ↓ኌࡢᫎീࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ᪂ࡓ㘓㡢ࡋ࡚ᫎീྜࢃࡏࠊ㡢ᴦࢸࣟࢵࣉࢆࡅຍ࠼ඖ ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࣥࢱࣅ࣮ࣗࡢ㡢ኌࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ࡀࡍ࡚ࡑࢁࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᫎീࡶ ẚ㍑ⓗ࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊୖᫎ㐺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᛮࢃࢀࡓࡓࡵඖᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋไసᢸᙜࡣ᳃ୗ᭷ࠊୖὪ࠺ ࠼ ࡎ ᬛࡕࡅࢇ࡛ࠊᨺᫎ᪥ࡀ 1967 ᖺ 12 ᭶ 28 ᪥࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠗᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑ࠘ࡀἈ⦖ࡢ፬ே༠㆟ᑟࡔࡗࡓ ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏑᅾࡣࡉ⾲❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ேࡼࡿᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸࠘ࡣࡑ ࡢྡࡢ㏻ࡾ࣓ࣜ࢝ேࠊࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡸࠊ㌷ࡢ㝲ဨࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࠋ࣓ࣜ ࢝ࡢၿពࡼࡿឿၿᴗࡢ࠶ࡾࡉࡲࢆయ⌧ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ෆᐜ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⌰⡿⚟♴༠㆟ࡀ 10 ᖺ๓㸦1957 ᖺ㸧ࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㈋ࡋ࠸ேࡓࡕࡢࡓࡵࡢᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸㐠ືࠊ ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ፬ேࢡࣛࣈ࡞㸵ᅋయࡀཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡞ࡗࡓ࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡲࡎㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⌰⡿⚟♴༠㆟ ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ␒⤌ࡢ୰┙࠶ࡓࡾ࡛ࠊ୍⾜ࡀᐑྂ⾜ࡁࡢ㣕⾜ᶵࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙ㠃࡛ㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡔࡀࠊࠕἈ ⦖ࡅࡿ⚟♴ᴗࡢᨵၿቑ㐍ࢆࡣࡿࡓࡵࠊẸᨻᗓබ⾗⾨⏕⚟♴ᒁࡀୡヰᙺ࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊ1952 ᖺ タ❧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࠖࠊ⚟♴ᴗ㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࡔࢀ࡛ࡶཧຍ࡛ࡁࡿࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢼ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ ࡗࡁࡾࠊ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡢᴗࡀࣆ࣮ࣝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ␒⤌ࡣࡇࡢ⌰⡿⚟♴༠㆟ࡀᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸㐠ືࡘ࠸࡚ィ⏬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡽጞࡲࡿࠋࡇࡢᖺ㐠 ືཧຍࡋࡓᅋయࡀࠊࠕࣇ࢛࣮ࢺ࣭ࣂࢡࢼ࣮ᑗᰯ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࠊẸᨻᗓ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࠊᅾ␃㌷ே፬ேࢡࣛࣈࠊ ࢝ࢹࢼᑗᰯ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࠊࢼࣁᑗᰯ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࠊࣇ࢛࣮ࢺ࣭ࣂࢡࢼ࣮ୗኈᐁ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࠊୡ⏺࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ ᅋయࠖࡢ 7 ࡘ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ከࡃࡢ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡀᇉ㛫ぢ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྜ ࡢ࠶㉗ࡾ≀ࢆ㈙࠺ሙ㠃ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮Ἀ⦖ࡢேࠎࡀඹάື ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࢁࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⌰⡿ࡀ༠ຊࡋ࡚άືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡓࡃࡉࢇࡢ㉗ࡾ≀ࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀࡓᵝᏊࡀᫎࡋฟࡉࢀࡓ࠶ࠊྡㆤᆅ༊ࢆ⓶ษࡾ⌰ࡢ㓄ᕸࡀࡣࡌࡵ ࡽࢀࡓㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࡀࠊྡㆤࡢᫎീࡣ࡞ࡃࠊࢥࢨ࡛㉗ࡾ≀ࢆཷࡅΏࡍࡇࢁࡽጞࡲࡿࠋ⚟♴ົᡤࢆ ゼၥࡋࠊࣇ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺ 100 ಶࢆᡭΏࡍࠋࡑࢀࡽᕷෆࡢಖ⫱ᡤࢆ 2 ᡤゼࢀࠊࢧࣥࢱࢡ࣮ࣟࢫࡢ ࡼ࠺Ꮚ౪㐩ࣉࣞࢮࣥࢺࢆ㓄ࡾࠊ㐟ᡙࢆᢨ㟢ࡉࢀࡿࠋ༗ᚋࡣ㑣ぞ⛣ືࡋࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࡲࡓ⚟♴ົᡤ ࡛ 100 ಶࡢࣇ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࢆ㉗࿊ࡋࠊᗘࡣ⪁ேタࢆゼࢀࠊ⪁፬ேࡓࡕ㉗ࡾ≀ࡀᒆࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࠕࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᖺ୰⾜ࡢ୍ࡘ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ⪁ேࡓࡕࡶࠊ12 ᭶࡞ࡿࠊࡇࡢ፬ேࡓࡕࡢ࠾ࡎࢀࢆᚰᚅ ࡕࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀධࡾࠊ㉗ࡾ≀ࢆࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠺ࢀࡋࡑ࠺࡞⪁ேࡓࡕࡢ➗㢦ࡀᫎࡋฟࡉࢀࡿࠋሙ ᡤࡀኚࢃࡿࡓࡧ㌴࡛⛣ືࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᫎീࡀᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣮ࣟࢻ࣒࣮ࣅ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺Ἀ⦖ᮏᓥࢆ⦪᩿ࡍ ࡿᵝᏊࡀᫎࡋฟࡉࢀࠊ࠼ࡿேࠊ࠼ࡽࢀࡿேࡢᑐẚࡀ㩭᫂ᫎࡋฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㉗ࡾ≀ࡢ㓄ᕸࡣᮏᓥෆ࡛ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㞳ᓥࡲ࡛⥆ࡁࠊ୍⾜ࡣᐑ࣭ྂඵ㔜ᒣࡲ࡛⾜ࡃࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡶࡲࡎ⚟♴ ົᡤ࡛ࣇ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࢆ㉗࿊ࡋࠊಖ⫱ᡤࡸ⪁ேタࢆᅇࡿࠋᮏᓥࡢሙྜࡣ㐪࠸ࠊᐑྂୖᕸࢆぢ Ꮫࡍࡿ࡞ࠊᐑྂࡢᩥࡸఏ⤫ࡢ⌮ゎດࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇࡀㄒࡽࢀࠊ⌰⡿ぶၿࡢ⢭⚄ࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋࠊ▼ᇉ࠶ࡿඵ㔜ᒣ⌰⡿ᩥ㤋࡛ࣇ࣮ࢻ࣭ࣂࢫࢣࢵࢺࡢ㉗࿊ᘧࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࠋ᭱ᚋࢼࣞ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡣࠕࡇࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝፬ேࡓࡕࡢၿពດຊࡣࠊ࠾࠾࠸Ꮫࡪࡁே㛫ᛶࡢᑛࡉࡀఛࢃࢀࡿࡶࡢ பࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖ⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡾࠊ፬ேࢡࣛࣈࡢάືࢆ⛠࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸㐠ືࡣࡇࢀ࡛⤊ࢃࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊḟูࡢάືࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࠋᗘࡣ➨ර❰㒊㝲ࡼࡿ ࢡࣜࢫ࣐ࢫ࣭ࣃ࣮ࢸ࣮࡛ࠊᾆῧ㑣ぞ࡛⪁ேࡸ⏕άᅔ❓ᐙ᪘ྥࡅദࡋࡓ࣋ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾆῧ࡛ࡣ 128 ேࠊ㑣ぞ࡛ࡣ 1500 ேࡶᣍᚅࡉࢀࡓࡋࠊ⡿㌷ࡢẼ๓ࡢⰋࡉࡀ⤂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶࠊࢡ ࣜࢫ࣐ࢫࡢᮇࠊ࢟ࣜࢫࢺᩍ⢭⚄ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ౯್ほࡸ⌰⡿ぶၿࡀᐉఏࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣋ ࣥࢺ࣭␒⤌ࡢሙྜࡶࠊ࣋ࣥࢺ⮬యࡀ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢⰋ࠸࣓࣮ࢪࢆ᳜࠼ࡅᐉఏࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࢀࢆ␒⤌ ࡋ࡚㟁Ἴࡏࡿࡇ࡛ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᐉఏຠᯝࢆࡡࡽ࠺࠸࠺㔜ᵓ㐀ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ㉗ࡾ≀ࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾឤ ㅰࡍࡿጼࡸឤㅰࡢゝⴥࡀ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࠊ㉗ࡾᡭ㈔࠸ᡭࡢ᪉ࡀ‶㊊ࡆ႐ࡪࠊၿពࡢ࣮ࣜࣞࡢࡼ࠺࡞ ࣋ࣥࢺࡣࠊ␒⤌ࡢ㢟ᮦࡋ࡚࠺ࡗ࡚ࡘࡅࡔࡗࡓ࠸࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋᡤࠎධࡿࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡽࡢሗࡸࢥ࣓ ࣥࢺࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆ⿵ᙉࡋࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ゎ㔘ࡸពࢆຍ࠼ࡿ㔜せ࡞ᙺࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸱.㸱ࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ̿᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩࠘㸦1970 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 24 ᪥ᨺᫎ㸧25 ࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ࡣࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ࡢಸࡢ 30 ศ␒⤌࡛ࠊࠗ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ Ꮚ౪㐩࠘ࡣ≉ࠊཎ✏ࡢሗ㔞ࡀከ࠸ࠋ26 ᐇ㝿ࡢࢧࣈࢱࢺࣝࡣࠗ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪ࡓ ࡕ࠘ࡔࡀࠊ࢝ࢵࢺ⾲ࡸࣇ࣒ࣝ⨁ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࣓ࣔ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࣇ࣒ࣝ⨁ࡣࠕᩥࢡࣛࢫࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕ࢝ ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࢡࣛࢫࠖ᭩ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ౽ᐅୖࡑࡢࢱࢺ࡛ࣝ㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᙳࡣୖὪᬛࠊࢫ ࢡࣜࣉࢺࡣఀἼගࡇ࠺ṇࡏ࠸࡛ࠊᨺᫎ᪥ࡣ 1970 ᖺ 3 ᭶ 24 ᪥ࡔࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ␒⤌ࡣ๓㏙ࡢࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ ࡣฟࡔࡋࡢసࡾ᪉ࡀᑡࡋ㐪࠺ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕே࣭࣭ሙᡤࠊᥦ౪ࡣẸᨻᗓ࡛ࡍࠖ࠸࠺ࢸࣟࢵࣉ࠶ࡿ ࠸ࡣࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢᚋࠊࢬࢣࣛࣥᑠᏛᰯࡢᫎീࠕ㐲ࡃᨾ㒓ࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚ᴟᮾࡢᏳᖹࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵ ከࡃࡢ࣓ࣜ࢝ே㌷ᒓࡑࡢᐙ᪘ࡀἈ⦖㥔ᒡࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠖ࠸࠺ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥጞࡲࡿࠋ␒⤌ࡢฟࡔ ࡋ࡛ࠊࡣࡗࡁࡾࠕ⡿㌷㸦⡿ே㸧ࡀ㥔␃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮⏤ࠖࡀᐉఏࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡋࡇࡢ㒊ศࡢཎ✏ࡢୖ 㒊వⓑࠊ࠶ࡽ㖄➹࡛ࠕᛴࡄࠖ᭩ࡁ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ⯆῝࠸ࠋ⡿ேᏛᰯࡸ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘࡘ ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ⥆ࡁࠊࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࡶ㐌୍㛫ࡽ㛫ࠊᚲಟ⛉┠ࡋ࡚ࠕ᪥ᮏᩥࠖ࠸࠺ᤵᴗࡀ࠶ ࡿㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀࣛࢪ࢜య᧯ࢆࡍࡿᫎീࡶᤄධࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚲಟ⛉┠ࡍࡿࠊ ࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᅜẸⓗయ᧯ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࠊ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢࡇࢆ୍⏕ᠱᏛࡧࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡼ ࠺ດࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࣆ࣮ࣝ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞๓⨨ࡁࡢᚋࠊࢧࣈࢱࢺࣝࡢࠗ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆ Ꮫࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩࠘ࡢᏐᖥࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࡸࠊࠕไస Ẹᨻᗓᗈሗᒁࠊᙳ ୖὪᬛࠊࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ ఀ Ἴගṇࠖ࠸࠺ࢫ࣮ࣃ࣮ࡀᤄධࡉࢀ␒⤌ࡀጞࡲࡿࠋ ࡲࡎࠊࢬࢣࣛࣥᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡢẚࣇ࣑ࡉࢇࡢࢯࣟࣂࣥࡢᤵᴗࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦ᫎീࡣḞⴠࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ㸧ࢥࣥࣆ࣮ࣗࢱ௦ࢯࣟࣂࣥࢆᏛࡪព⩏ࡣࠊ ࡢ᪥ᮏᩥࡢ୍➃ࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇࡋࠊ⟬ᩘ ࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ᪥ᮏᩥࡢ୍㒊ࡋ࡚⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟẚຬဴඛ⏕ࡢ᭩㐨ࡢᤵᴗࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࠊ ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀ୍⏕ᠱ◵࡛ቚࢆ☻ࡿጼࡀᫎࡋฟࡉࢀࡿࠋ㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡶᫎീࡣ᭱ึࡢᩘ⛊௨እࡣḞⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸧 ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣࠕ᪥ᮏࡢఏ⤫ⓗⱁ⾡ᩥࡢ୍ࡘࡋ࡚ᗈࡃᾏእࡢேẼࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࠖࡿㄝ᫂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ḟ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ㡢ᴦࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࠊᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀࣜࢥ࣮ࢲ࣮ࢆ྿࠸࡚࠸ࡿᫎീࡀὶࢀࡿࠋࠕ᪥ᮏᩥࡢ⛉ ┠࣭࣭࣭ࠖࠊࠕ௰ᮏ⨾ᯞᏊඛ⏕ࡢᣦᑟ࡛≉ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㡢ᴦࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࠖࡪࠊ᪥ᮏࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ グ㏙ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊἈ⦖ࡢ㡢ᴦ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࡇࡀࡢࡵࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࡇࡇ࡛ࡧẚࣇ࣑ඛ⏕ࡀⓏሙࡋࠊࠕ᪥ᮏᩥࢆᏛࡪୖ࡛ࠖ᭱ࡶษ࡞᪥ᮏㄒࡢᤵᴗࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࣇࣛࢵࢩ࣮ࣗ࢝ࢻࢆ࠸ࠊึṌⓗ࡞࠶࠸ࡉࡘࡸㅰ⨥ࡢ᪉ࠊ㌟㏆࡞≀ࢆᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྛᏛᖺࡈ ࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࢆసࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࠊ᪥ᮏㄒᩍ⫱ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛⩦ࡗࡓ᪥ᮏㄒࡣࡢ᪥ᮏᩥࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛⏕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸࠺ࡇ࡛ࠊࡢ⛉┠ ࡢᇶ♏࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡶࢃࡿࠋࡑࡢḟ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀࠕ࠾సἲࡢ㛫࡛ࠖࠊ⏕ᚐࡓࡕࡀ࠾㎡ࢆ ࡍࡿ⦎⩦ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᫎീࡀὶࢀࠊࠕ⚾ࡓࡕ᪥ᮏேࡢ㛫࡛ࡶసἲࢆ㔜ࢇࡌࡿேࡀ࠶ࡲࡾぢࡅࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ ࡗࡓ࣭࣭࣭ࠖ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀධࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶࠊࠕ᪥ᮏࠖࠕ᪥ᮏேࠖ࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᒃ㛫 ㏻ࡉࢀ࡚࠾Ⲕࢆ㣧ࡴ⦎⩦ࢆࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡢࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥཎ✏ࡢవⓑ㒊ศࡶࠕᛴࡄࠖ࠸࠺࣓ࣔ᭩ࡁࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ ࡇࡢ㒊ศ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᫎീࡢᑻᑐࡋࠊ୍ࡘ୍ࡘࡢືసࢆ㐣ㄝ᫂ࡋࡍࡂ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡇࡀ࠺ࡀ࠼ ࡿࠋ27 ḟࠊࢡࣛࢫ࡛ᇵࡗࡓ᪥ᮏᩥࡢ⣲㣴ࢆࡶࠊᰯእᐇ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ᵝᏊࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࠋᮏᓥ୰㒊ࡢᐅ㔝 ‴࠶ࡿࢪ࣮ࣟࣞࢫࢺ࣭࣮࣮ࣛࣥ࣋࢝ࣜࡢእほࡀᫎࡉࢀࠊࡇࡇ࡛ࠊཪྜྷᏊඛ⏕ࡽ᪥ᮏᘧࢸ࣮ࣈ࣭ࣝ ࣐ࢼ࣮࡞ࡢᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡿࠋࡇࡢᐇ⩦࡛ฟࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀࡾࡤࡋἈ⦖ࡑࡤࡔࡀࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ≉ ᪥ᮏἈ⦖ࡢࡑࡤࡢ㐪࠸ࡣゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀᗙᕸᅋࡢୖṇᗙࡋࠊࡾࡤࡋࢆ ࠸ⱞປࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࡤࢆ㣗ࡿᵝᏊࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࢬࢣࣛࣥᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᩥࢡࣛࢫࡢ⤂ࡀ୍㏻ࡾ⤊ࢃࡿࠊḟ㞄࠶ࡿࢡࣂࢧ࢟㧗ᰯ⯙ྎࡀ⛣ࡿࠋ ࡲࡎ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ⏨ࡔࡅࡢᐙᗞ⛉ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊࡧࡑࡤࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࠋࠕ≉ࡇࡢᐙᗞ⛉ࢡࣛࢫࡣ᪥ᮏ ࡢᩱ⌮ࡸࠊ⌰⌫ᩱ⌮ࡢసࡾ᪉ࡀᐇ⩦ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠖࡢㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊࢬࢣࣛࣥᑠᏛᰯࡢᑡࡋ㐪 ࠸ࠊ⌰⌫࠸࠺ゝⴥࡀࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡶ⏕ᚐࡽࡀ࠾⠂ࢆⱞປࡋ࡚ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀᫎࡋฟࡉࢀࡿࠋ ḟ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࡢࡀ࠾ⰼࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊࡇࡇࡽ⏕ᚐࡣዪᏊࡔࡅ࡞ࡿࠋᐙᗞ⛉ࢡࣛࢫ⥆ࡁࠊࡇࡇ࡛ ࡶཪྜྷඛ⏕ࡀࠊጼ࡛ᣦᑟ࠶ࡓࡿࠋࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࡣ⏕ࡅⰼࡢᇶ♏ࢆᏛࢇࡔ࠶ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉศࢀ࡚ᢈ ホࡋྜ࠸ࠊඛ⏕ࡶᢈホࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊ⏕ࡅ᪉ࢆṇࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᏛᰯࡢᩥࢡࣛࢫࡋ࡚
ࡣᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞༳㇟ࢆ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⏕ࡅⰼࡢḟࡣ⍆ࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࠊཪྜྷඛ⏕ࡀᗘࡣูࡢ╔≀ጼ࡛ᩍᤵ࠶ࡓ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᇶ♏ⓗ࡞ㄝ᫂ࡢᚋ୍ே୍ேᐇᆅᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ᵝᏊࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏసࡶࠊ࣓ࠗࣜ࢝ே ࡼࡿᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸࠘ࡢࡼ࠺ࡢࡇࢁ㡢※ࢸ࣮ࣉࡀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࠊᐇ㝿ࡢ⍆ࡢ₇ዌࢆ⫈ࡃࡇࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞ ࠸ࡀࠊ⍆ࡢ₇ዌࡀࡇࡢሙ㠃ࡢ᭱ᚋὶࢀࠊࡑࡢ㡢Ⰽ᭱ࡶㄪࡍࡿࡶࡢࡋ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ╔≀ࡀḟ⤂ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ╔≀ࡢࣞࢵࢫࣥࡣࢡࣂࢧ࢟㧗ᰯ୍࡛␒ேẼࡀ࠶ࡿࡉࢀࠊཪྜྷඛ⏕ࡀ⏕ᚐ╔≀ࡢ╔ࡅ ࢆࡍᫎീࡀὶࢀࡿࠋ ␒⤌୰┙ᕪࡋࡗࡓࡇࢁ࡛ࠊࡧἈ⦖࠶ࡿ࣓ࣜ࢝ேᏛᰯࡢᩘࡸࠊྛᏛᰯ≉タࡉࢀࡓ ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮࣮࣒ࣕࣝࡸഛရࠊ22 ேࡢἈ⦖ேᩍᖌࡀྛᏛᰯ࡛ᩍ㠴ࢆࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡞ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀධࡿࠋࡕ࡞ ࡳࠊࡇࡢ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮࣮࣒ࣕࣝࡢቨ୍ᮼᥖ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊἈ⦖ࡢᆅᅗࡸἈ⦖ࡢ⯙㋀ࡢ┿࡞࡛࠶ ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࡲࡓ᪥ᮏᩥࡢ⛉┠ࡢ⤂ᡠࡿࡀࠊḟ⤂ࡉࢀࡿ⯙㋀ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠊἈ⦖ࡢḷࠕ࠼ࢇ࠺ ࡢⰼࠖྜࢃࡏ࡚㋀ࡿ⏕ᚐࡀᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⯙㋀㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ᪥⯙⌰⯙ࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚ࠖ࠸ࡿࡀࠊ⌰⯙ ࡀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡀ⤂ࡉࢀࡿࠋ⌰⯙㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ≉ูᩍᖌࡢᗙ႐༓ᯞᏊࡉࢇࢆᣍࡁࠊࡢᩥ ᩍᖌࡶ⯙㋀◊✲ᡤ㏻࠸ᣦᑟࢆཷࡅࡓ࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣࠊࠕἈ⦖ᩥࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓࡇࡢ᪥ ᮏᩥࡢᤵᴗࡢពᅗࠖࢆḟࡢࡼ࠺ㄒࡿࠋࠕἈ⦖ࡢᗢẸࡢ㛫࡛ᇵࢃࢀࠊࡓࡔ୍ࡘࡢᚰࡢ⣊ࡋ࡚ࠊᗄ༑ ᖺࠊᗄⓒᖺࡶࡢ㛫ேࠎࡢᚰࢆᨭ࠼࡚᮶ࡓ⣲ᮔ࡞Ẹⱁࢆ⮬ࡽࡢᡭ࡛₇ࡎࡿࡁࠊࡑࢀࡣ⮬ࡎࡽἈ⦖ேࡢ యෆὶࢀࡿ⣧ᮔ࡞ᚰゐࢀᚓࡿ᭱ၿࡢ᪉ἲゝࡗ࡚ࡶỴࡋ࡚㐣ゝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋࠖࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࠊ ๓༙ࡢ㒊ศ࡛ࡣἈ⦖ࡑࡤࡀฟ࡚ࡣࡃࡿࡀࠊ≉Ἀ⦖ᩥࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡔࢇࡔࢇἈ⦖ ࡢゝཬࡀ⌧ࢀࠊࡇࡇࡁ࡚✺↛ࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࡢᤵᴗࡀἈ⦖ࡢᩥࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ Ṕྐࡢ࠶ࡿἈ⦖ࡢᩥࢆᐇ㊶ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡾἈ⦖ࡢᚰゐࢀࡿࡇ࠸࠺ࠊไస⪅ࡢゎ㔘ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡢ⟇࡛࠶ࡿ⌰⌫ᩥࡢಁ㐍ࡀࠊࡇࡢⅬ࡛ࡶᅾ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ᚋ༙ࡣ♫ぢᏛࡢᵝᏊ࡛ࠊูࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ⏕ᚐࡀேᙧ〇సᡤࢆゼࢀࡿࠋቭ࡞ࢆぢᏛࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡣᫎീ ࡀḞⴠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊேᙧࢆసࡿᵝᏊࢆぢᏛࡍࡿሙ㠃ࡣṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊἈ⦖ࡢቭࡸே ᙧ࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟゼࢀࡿࡢࡀ㤳㔛༤≀㤋࡛ࠊ⣚ᆺࠊཔᏊ⏎࡞Ἀ⦖ࡢᩥࢆᏛࡧࠊ᭱ᚋ୰ᇛᇛ㊧ࢆゼࢀ Ἀ⦖⊂≉ࡢ▼ീᘓ⠏ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫࡪࠋࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡃࡿࠊࡶࡣࡸࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩࡛ࠖ ࡣ࡞ࡃࠕἈ⦖ࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩ࠖ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋࡧᩥࢆᏛࡪࡇࡢព⩏ࢆࠊࠕᩥ ࡣࠊ⮬ศࡓࡕࡢ⏕ά⎔ቃࢆᨵၿࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ㛗ᖺࡢᡯ࣐ࠝ᭶࣐ࠞࢆࡅ࡚సࡾୖࡆࡓ୍ࡘࡢ⏕άᵝᘧ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ ࡑࡢ⏕άᵝᘧࢆ▱ࡿࡇࡣࠊࡑࡢᅵᆅఫࡴேࡓࡕࢆ▱ࡿ᭱ၿࡢ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡿゝ࠼ࡲࡋࡻ࠺ࠖࡋࠊࠕࡇ ࠺ࡋࡓぢᆅࡽᚋࡇࡢᩥᤵᴗࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚᪥⡿┦ࡢዲ㛵ಀࡀቑࠎ῝ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇࢆᮇᚅࡋ࡚ Ṇࡳࡲࡏࢇࠖ⥾ࡵࡃࡃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࠾ࡑࡽࡃࠊἈ⦖࡛ᩍ࠼ࡿ᪥ᮏᩥࡢࢡࣛࢫࡣࠊᚲ↛ⓗ᪥ᮏἈ⦖ࡢᩥࡀࢳࣕࣥࣉ࣮ࣝ㸦ࡈࡕࡷΰ ࡐ㸧≧ែ࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࡇ࡛࠸ࢃࡺࡿ᪥ᮏᩥἈ⦖ᩥࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࢀᩍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ ࡣࡼࡃࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩ࠖࢆ⤂ࡍࡿࡇࢆពᅗࡋ࡚⏬ࡉࢀࡓࡇࡢ ␒⤌ࡣࠊึࡵࡢ࠺ࡕࡣࠕ᪥ᮏᩥࠖࡀ㠃ฟࡉࢀࠊἈ⦖ࡢせ⣲ࡣ⾲❧ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊḟ➨Ἀ⦖ ࡢᩥࢆ୰ᚰࡋࡓᩥࢡࣛࢫ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⨨࡙ࡅ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࠊ᭱ᚋࠕ᪥⡿㛵ಀࠖゝཬࡋྲྀࡾ ⧋࠺ࠋἈ⦖㏉㑏ࡀỴࡲࡾࠊ⡿ᅜࡶ≉Ἀ⦖ࡢேࠎἈ⦖ᩥࡾࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ᚲせࡶ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ㏫ ᪥ᮏࢫ࣒࣮ࢬᖐ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ࠊ㏕ࡾࡃࡿᖐྥࡅ࡚ᨻ⟇ࡀ㌿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡀࠊࡑࡢ㐣Ώᮇ సࡽࢀࡓᮏ␒⤌ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᩥࠊἈ⦖ᩥࡀධࡾΰࡌࡗࡓෆᐜ࡛ࠊἈ⦖ࡢఏ⤫ᩥࢆᩍᤵࡍࡿᩥࢡࣛࢫ ࢆ⛠࠼ࡘࡘࠊࡑࢀࡀ⌰⡿࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᪥⡿ࡢዲ㛵ಀᙉࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇࢆᮇᚅࡍࡿ࠸࠺ࠊ࠸ࡃࡽ▩┪ ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣᑡࡋ㐪࠺ពྜ࠸࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾࠊἈ⦖ᩥࡢ≉␗ᛶࢆᙉㄪࡍࡿࡑࢀ ࡲ࡛ࡢᨻ⟇ࡽࠊ᪥ᮏᖐࢆព㆑ࡋࡓ᪥⡿㛵ಀᙉᗈሗᡓ␎ࡀኚࡍࡿ㐣Ώᮇไసࡉࢀࡓ␒⤌ࡋ ࡚ࠊࡑࡢᦂࢀືࡃឤぬࡀ⾲⌧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿసရࡔ࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࠾ࢃࡾ Ἀ⦖࡛ࢸࣞࣅᒁࡀ㛤ᒁࡉࢀ࡚௨᮶ࠊUSCAR ࡣࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ࠘ࠊࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘࠸࠺ ␒⤌ࢆ୰ᚰࠊUSCAR ࡢ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࣥࣇࣛᩚഛᴗࡸᩥᴗࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊ⚟♴࣭ឿၿᴗ࡞ࢆἈ ⦖ࡢேࠎఏ࠼ࠊUSCAR ࡢᨻ⟇⌮ゎࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ᗈሗάືࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ1960 ᖺ௦ᚋ༙Ἀ⦖
㏉㑏ࡀỴࡲࡿࠊ⡿㌷ࡀἈ⦖㥔␃ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿᜠᜨࡸព⩏ࢆఏ࠼ࡘࡘࠊᩥὶ࣭ ᩥእ࣭ࢯࣇࢺእࡼࡾࠊ᪥⡿ࡢࣇࣞࣥࢻࢩࢵࣉࢆࣆ࣮ࣝࡋࠊ᪥⡿㛵ಀࢆᙉᅛࡍࡿ࠸࠺ෆᐜ ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࢩࣇࢺࡋࡓ࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᮏㄽ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ␒⤌ࡣᩘከࡃ࠶ࡿ୰ࡢࢇࡢ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୍ ⯡ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋࠊᗈሗᨻ⟇ࡢ୍➃ࢆ㇟ᚩࡍࡿసရࡋ࡚㚷㈹࣭ศᯒࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ ࡶᐇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1970 ᖺ㡭ࡢ USCAR ไస␒⤌ࡣࠊࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⡿Ẹᨻᗓࡢᗈሗᨻ⟇ࡢ㍈࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㧗 ➼ᘚົᐁࡢẸሗࣉࣟࢢ࣒࡛ࣛࡣ๐㝖ࡀせㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠊἈ⦖ᩥᑐࡍࡿࡾࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࠸࠺ࡼ࠺ ࡞ෆᐜࡀᙳࢆṧࡋࡘࡘࠊ᪥⡿㛵ಀࡢᙉࢆಁࡋࠊᖐྥࡅ࡚ᚰ⌮ⓗ‽ഛࡉࡏࡿࡇࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡼ࠺ ࡞ෆᐜࡀࠊ⡿ᅜࡢຌ⦼ࡢᐉఏࡶᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢸࣞࣅ࣓ࢹࢆࡗࡓᗈሗࢀࡔࡅࡢᙳ㡪 ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇࡣᅔ㞴ࡔࡀࠊᐇᇶ࡙ࡃࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ୰ࡶᆅඖ⫋ဨ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢ≉ ␗ᛶࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡞ࢆྵࡵࠊᚋࡣศᯒ⠊ᅖࢆᗈࡆ⪃ᐹࢆ῝ࡵ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ㅰ㎡ ᮏ◊✲ࡣ JSPS ⛉◊㈝㸦25760001㸧ࡢຓᡂࢆཷࡅࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊἈ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋බᩥ᭩ά⏝ㅮ ᗙ㸦2015 ᖺ 11 ᭶ 21 ᪥㸧࡛ࡢⓎ⾲ෆᐜᖜ࡞ຍ➹ಟṇࢆࡋࡓࠋᮏㅮᗙࡸ◊✲㐙⾜㝿ࡋࡈ༠ຊ࠸ࡓ ࡔ࠸ࡓ᪂㔛ᙪẶࠊ㇏ぢᒣ⨾Ặࠊୖཎ⏨Ặࠊྜྷᮏ⚽ᏊẶࠊ㈗ᚿಇᙪẶࠊἨỈⱥィẶࠊᇛ⏤ᕼỤẶ ឤㅰࡢពࢆ⾲ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ ὀ 1 1950 ᖺࡣἈ⦖ࡶ 60 ྎࡢࢼࢺࢥᫎᶵࡀ࠶ࡾࠊSCAP/CIE ࡽୖᫎ⏝ࣇ࣒ࣝࢆཷࡅྲྀࡾ㔝እୖ ᫎࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ㞵ࡢከ࠸Ẽೃࡸ㍺㏦ࡢၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ㔝እୖᫎࡣᮏᅵẚࡿ⡆༢࡛ࡣ࡞ࡗࡓ ࡀ┒ἣ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦Civil, 1.1, 202㸧ࠋ 2 ㎷ᮧ࣭᫂⏣ᫀ⚽ࡣࠊUSCAR ࡀࣛࢪ࢜ࡸࢸࣞࣅࡢᨺ㏦ᯟࢆ㈙࠸ࠊไసࡋࡓ␒⤌ࢆᨺᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡋࠊ ࠕ㛫㔞ࡋ࡚ࡣࡋ࡚ከࡃࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࠗᨻᗓࡢ㛫࠘ࡋ࡚ࡣከ࠸࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࠖ㸦191㸧㏙ ࠊUSCAR ࡀᫎീࡼࡿᗈሗάືࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐑᇛᝋ㑻ࡶࠊ᪂⪺ࠊ㞧ㄅࠊ ࢸࣞࣅᒁࡢ㛤ᒁࢆྵࡵ⥲ྜⓗゎㄝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊUSCAR ไసࡢᫎീࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ␒⤌ྡࡸᨺ㏦ࡉࢀ ࡓ᭙᪥࡞ࡢᥦ♧ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊᕝᖹᮅ⏦ࡶࠊᙜᨺ㏦ࡉࢀࡓ␒⤌ࢆグ㏙ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡳ ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 3 ࡋࡋࠊ1960 ᖺ௦ࡢ༙ࡤࡲ࡛ࠊ΅እሗ㐨ᒁ࠸࠺ྡ⛠ࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲࢃࢀ⥆ࡅࡓ㸦ྜྷᮏ 276㸧ࠋ1957 ᖺࡣ㧗➼ᘚົᐁไࡀᩜࢀࡓᖺ࡛ࠊ1972 ᖺࡢ㏉㑏ࡲ࡛ 6 ேࡢ㧗➼ᘚົᐁࡀ᭱㧗㈐௵⪅ࡋ࡚⌰⌫ิ ᓥࢆ⤫ࡋࡓࠋ 4 ⱥᩥ㈨ᩱࡣ➹⪅ࡼࡿ⩻ヂࠋ 5 ᙼࡽࡣࠊㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒ㒊ࠊᩥᴗ㒊࡞ࡢࠊࡢᗈሗᒁࡢ㒊⨫ࡢ㛗ࢆව௵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࢱࢼ࣋ࡘ࠸ ࡚ ࡣྜྷᮏ 283 㡫ཧ↷ࠋ 6 ࡑࢀᢠ㆟ࡋࡓჃ㢪᭩ࡀᙜࡢど⫈ぬㄢ⫋ဨ㐃ྡ࡛ᥦฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(RG260, B135, F5, NACP). 7 ࣓ࣜ࢝ᨻᗓࡀฟ㈨ࡋࠊ⌧ᆅ⫋ဨࢆ㞠ࡗ࡚␒⤌ࢆไసࡋ⌧ᆅࡢᨺ㏦ࢳࣕࣥࢿࣝࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᨺᫎࡍࡿࡇ ࡣࠊࠕ㠀බ↛సᡓࠖࡢ୍ᙧែ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ෭ᡓᮇ CIA ࡀࡼࡃ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦ྜྷᮏ 328㸧ࠋ
8 1950 ᖺࡽ 1960 ᖺ 9 ᭶ศࡲ࡛ࡣࠗ⌰⌫ิᓥࡢẸάື࠘㸦Civil Affairs Activities of the Ryukyu Islands㸧 ࡋ࡚ 8 ᕳ㸦1950 ᖺࡽ 53 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡣ 1 ᕳ㸧ࡲ࡛ࡰ༙ᖺ 1 ᅇⓎ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠕẸάືࠖᖺḟሗ ࿌᭩ࡀࠊ1960 ᖺࡢ 10 ᭶ࡽࠗ⌰⌫ิᓥࡢẸᨻ࠘㸦Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands㸧ࢱ ࢺࣝࢆኚ࠼ࠊࠕẸᨻࠖάືᖺḟሗ࿌᭩࡞ࡾࠊ9 ྕࡽ 19 ྕ㸦㹼1971 ᖺ 6 ᭶㸧ࡲ࡛ࠊࡰᖺ 1 ᅇ ࡢ࣮࣌ࢫ࡛Ⓨ⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
9 ࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌ࡣᖺࡼࡗ࡚ቑ࠼ࡿࡇࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡼ࠺ࡔࡀࠊࢸࣞࣅ㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣẖᖺ㐌 2 ᮏ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ≉ู␒⤌㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ 66㹼67 ᖺࡣ 12 ᮏไసࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ68㹼69 ᖺࡣ 5 ᮏ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦Civil, 15, 241ࠊCivil, 17, 210㸧ࠋ
10 ࣛࢪ࢜␒⤌ࡶ 1 ᮏࡣ᐀ᩍᅋయࡽࡢᐤ࡛ᨺ㏦ࡋࡓࠋ㧗➼ᘚົᐁࡢ㞳࣭ᑵ௵ࡢ㝿ࡣࡍ࡚ࡢࢸࣞ ࣅᒁ࡛ࠊ㘓⏬࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࡀᨺᫎࡉࢀࡓ㸦Civil, 15, 240-41㸧ࠋ 11 ᙜࠊ࣮࢞ࣝࢫ࢝࢘ࢺ㛵ࡍࡿ␒⤌ࡢไసࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓୖཎ⏨Ặࡼࡿࠊࣛࣥࣃ࣮ࢺ㧗➼ᘚົᐁ ኵேࡀࡑࡢ␒⤌ࢆኚẼධࡾࠊไస⪅ࡢୖཎẶࡣኵேࡽ⾲ᙲࡉࢀࡓࠋ 12 ṇ☜࡞ᮏᩘࡣㄪᰝ୰ࡔࡀࠊ༢⣧ィ⟬ࢆࡍࡿࠊ1200 ᮏ㏆ࡃࡢ␒⤌ࢆᨺ㏦ࡋࡓࡇ࡞ࡿࠋ 13 ࡓ࠼ࡤࠊ1960 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 20 ᪥ࡢἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅࡢᨺ㏦⾲㸦᪂⪺ࢸࣞࣅḍ㸧ࢆぢࡿࠊࡑࡢࡇࢁࡣኪࡢ 9 30 ศࡽ 15 ศ㛫ᨺ㏦ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇࡀศࡿࠋࢸࣞࣅḍࡣ␒⤌ࡢヲ⣽ࢆ♧ࡍࢧࣈࢱࢺࣝࡀ ᭩ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇࡀከࡗࡓࠋ 14 ᖐᚋࡣࠊྠ㛫ᖏࡢ 30 ศࡢᩱ㔠ࡀಸࡢ 50 ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 15 2015 ᖺ 11 ᭶ࡢබᩥ᭩ά⏝ㅮᗙࡢ㝿᥇ࡗࡓࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢ୰ࠊᙜࡣࢧ࣮࣐࡛ࣛࣜࣥᛁࡋࡃࠊࡇ ࢀࡽࡢ␒⤌ࢆぢࡓࡇࡣ࡞࠸࠸࠺ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⏨ᛶࡼࡾዪᛶ㸦ᐙᗞࡢ፬㸧ࡀከࡃࡳ࡚࠸ ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ 16 බᩥ᭩ά⏝ㅮᗙࡢཧຍ⪅ࡢⓎゝࡸࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡶࠊࢸࣞࣅࡀᬑཬࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡢሗᥦ౪ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ 17 1962 ᖺࡢ⌰⌫ᨻᗓィ⏬ᒁᗈሗㄢࡢᩥ᭩ࡶ USCAR ไస␒⤌ྡࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊ⌰⌫ᨻᗓࡶఱࡽ ࡢᙧ࡛㛵ࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 18 ᨺᫎࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓඖ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦⫋ဨࡢᐑᓥ┾ගẶࡼࡿࠊ㡢ᴦࡶᫎീྜࢃࡏ࡚ࡑࡢሙ࡛ྠὶࡋ ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ̿᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩࠘ࡢཎ✏ࡶࠊࠕࣇ࣒ࣝ⤮ฟࡋྠ BGM 㡢ฟࡋࠖ࠸࠺ᣦ♧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 19 ୖཎ⏨Ặㄯࠋ 20 ࠗ⌰⌫ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࠘ࡸࠗἈ⦖ࡢ⏕⏘ᴗ࠘ࢩ࣮ࣜࢬ࡞ᮾி࡛ไసࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡣࠊࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆྵࡵࠊ 㡢ኌࡀࡘ࠸ࡓ࡞≧ែ࡛ṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀࢇ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 21 ࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣඖ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦ࡢఀ⯋ᇽ᰿⮬ᏊẶ࠸ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 22 ᢡࠊᨺ㏦ෆᐜࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㘓㡢ࢆࡋࡓࡇࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦࡛␒⤌ࢆไసࡋࡓ㝿ࡶ ᳨㜀ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾࠊẸᨻᗓᨺ㏦ෆᐜࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓࡢࡇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦᪂㔛ᙪẶㄯ㸧ࠋ 23 ᙜࡢ␒⤌ไస࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᫎീࢆ࠸ࡲࢃࡍࡇࡀᬑ㏻⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵࠊḞⴠࡋࡓ㒊ศࡣ ࡢ␒⤌ࢃࢀࡓ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦᪂㔛ᙪẶㄯ㸧ࠋUSCAR ࣇ࣒ࣝࣜࢫࢺࡢഛ⪃ḍࠕ㹼୍㒊 ྲྀࡿࠖ࠸࠺グ㍕ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡣࡑࡢࡇࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ 24 ඖ∧ࡢࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣඖ⌰⌫ᨺ㏦⫋ဨ࡛⌧ᅾࣇ࣮ࣜࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮ࡢ㔠ᇛࡲࡾᏊẶࠋ㔠ᇛẶࡣᙜ ࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ࠘ࡢࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ 25 ඖ∧ࡢࢼ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣඖἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅ࢟ࣕࢫࢱ࣮ࡢ๓ཎಙ୍Ặࠋ 26 ๓ཎẶࡼࡿࠊ30 ศ␒⤌ࡢཎ✏ࡋ࡚ࡣ㔞ࡀከࡃࠊ࡞ࡾ᪩ཱྀ࡛ㄞࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋఀ ἼẶࡢࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡣศ㔞ࡀከࡃࠊࢼ࢘ࣥࢧ࣮Ἵࡏࡔࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 27 ཎ✏ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣゞṇ⥺ࡀධࢀࡽࢀኚ᭦ࡀຍ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᡭ᭩ࡁཎ✏ࡢࡓࡵࠊㄞࡳ࡙ ࡽࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࠊ᭩ࡁ┤ࡋࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ᪩ࡃㄞࡴࡼ࠺ᣦ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩ ࠕ᫂ࡿ࠸⯆ࡢጼࢆࢽ࣮ࣗࢫᫎ⏬ࠗ⌰⌫ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ࠘➨୍ྕ࡞ࡿࠖ㸦Ἀ⦖ࢱ࣒ࢫ 1951 ᖺ 4 ᭶ 14 ᪥㸧 2ࠋ ఀἼගṇ࣭ୖὪᬛࠗே࣭࣭ሙᡤ̿᪥ᮏࡢᩥࢆᏛࡪ࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢᏊ౪㐩࠘㸦1970 ᖺ㸧Record Group 260, National Archives, College Park (NACP)ࠋ
ࠗἈ⦖ࢸࣞࣅ୕༑ᖺྐ࠘㸦Ἀ⦖ࢸࣞࣅᨺ㏦⥲ྜ⏬ᐊ⦅ࠊ1989 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ᕝᖹᮅ⏦ࠕᫎ⏬ࠖࠗἈ⦖ほ࠘➨୍㒊 グ㘓⦅㸫ᩥ㸦ཎⴭ㸸Ἀ⦖ᮅ᪥᪂⪺♫⦅ࠊ1953 ᖺࠊ้∧㸸᭶หἈ ⦖♫ࠊ1986 ᖺ㸧213-17ࠋ ᕝᖹᮅ⏦ࠗ⤊ᡓᚋࡢἈ⦖ᩥ⾜ᨻྐ࠘㸦᭶หἈ⦖♫ࠊ1997 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ࠕᗢົ୍⯡㛵ࡍࡿ᭩㢮ࠖ⌰⌫ᨻᗓࠊཌ⏕ᒁࠊ⥲ົㄢࠊ1969 ᖺࠊἈ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠋ ㎷ᮧ࣭᫂⏣ᫀ⚽ⴭࠗἈ⦖ࡢゝㄽ̿᪂⪺ᨺ㏦̿࠘㸦༡᪉ྠሗㆤࠊ1966 ᖺ㸧ࠋ ᐑᇛᝋ㑻ⴭࠗἈ⦖࣭ᡓᚋᨺ㏦ྐ࠘㸦ࡦࡿࡂ♫ࠊ1994 ᖺ㸧ࠋ
ྥὒᏊࠕ༨㡿ᮇἈ⦖࠾ࡅࡿࠗࣃࣈࣜࢵࢡ࣭ࢹࣉ࣐ࣟࢩ࣮࠘̿⩝㛗ྩ௦ࡀᑟ࠸ࡓពᅗࡏࡊࡿ⤖ᯝ̿ࠖ ࠗᅜ㝿⌰⌫Ἀ⦖ㄽ㞟࠘➨ 4 ྕ 2015 ᖺࠊ17-31ࠋ ᳃ୗ᭷ࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮ࣜ̿᪂ࡋࡃタࡅࡽࢀࡓᡭⱁရ㈍ᗑ࠘㸦1967 ᖺ㸧RG260, NACPࠋ ࣭̿̿̿ୖὪᬛࠗࢸࣞࣅ࣭࣮࢘ࢡ࣮࣓ࣜ̿ࣜ࢝ேࡼࡿᖺᮎຓࡅྜ࠸࠘㸦1967 ᖺ㸧RG260, NACPࠋ ᒣ➃ࡣࡿ࡞ࠕ⡿ᅜᅜ❧බᩥ᭩㤋ᡤⶶ⌰⌫ิᓥ⡿ᅜẸᨻᗓࣇ࣒ࣝ࢞ࢻࠖ㸦Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠊ1998 ᖺࠊ ᮍห㸧ࠋ ྜྷᮏ⚽Ꮚࠗ⡿ᅜࡢἈ⦖༨㡿ሗᨻ⟇̿㌷⩏ࡢ▩┪࢝ࣔࣇ࣮ࣛࢪࣗ࠘㸦㢼♫ࠊ2015 ᖺ㸧ࠋ Binnendijk, Johannes A. “The Dynamics of Okinawa Reversion 1945-69.” Gregory Henderson, ed. Public
Diplomacy and Political Change. New York: Praeger, 1973: 1-187.
Evans, Joseph S. Reference letter to HICOM, Jan. 5, 1970, RG260, Box 34, Folder 14, NACP. Civil Affairs Activities 1(1), USCAR (June-December 1952). Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠋ
Civil Affairs Activities 15, USCAR (July 1966-June 1967). Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠋ Civil Affairs Activities 16, USCAR (July 1967-June 1968). Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠋ Civil Affairs Activities 17, USCAR (July 1968-June 1969). Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠋ Civil Affairs Activities 18, USCAR (July 1969-June 1970). Ἀ⦖┴බᩥ᭩㤋ࠋ
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Abstract
USCAR’s TV Programs around 1970: The Production Background of Man,
Time, and Place and TV Weekly and Public Diplomacy through TV Media
Risa Nakayama
Integrated Arts and Sciences, National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College
During the 27 year U.S. rule of Okinawa from 1945 to 1972, the U.S. military government used audiovisual media as part of its educational and public relations activities. The United States’ aim was to govern Okinawa smoothly by garnering the local residents’ understanding for their occupation policies through these activities. During the first half of the occupation, the military government obtained and produced newsreels and documentary films, and screened them in movie theaters, public halls, and outdoor areas. When TV broadcasting began around 1960, they shifted to produce TV programs. The United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands (USCAR), established in 1950, which succeeded the United States Military Government, had high expectations in regards to the influence of TV media, and therefore invested in disseminating its policies and achievements via air waves. USCAR continued to produce TV programs after the reversion of Okinawa was agreed to by the U.S. and Japan, for it had as an objective to psychologically prepare Okinawans for the reversion through TV programming. This paper focuses on the TV programs produced by USCAR during the last phase of its rule and examines the missions of the audio-visual division of the Public Affairs Department of USCAR and the conditions behind their TV productions. The paper specifically focuses on three TV programs that were recently restored for a screening held in Okinawa in 2015—TV Weekly: A New Handicraft Shop, TV Weekly: A Year End Charity Campaign by the
Americans, and Man, Time, and Place: American Children Learning Japanese Culture, and aims to elucidate the
