バングラデシュにおける労働力移動の定量的評価

バングラデシュにおける労働力移動の定量的評価

著者

内田 智大

雑誌名

研究論集

巻

87

ページ

167-185

発行年

2008-03

URL

http://doi.org/10.18956/00006216

Ìï«åóájIP‘J­ÍÚ®mèÊI]¿

à c q å

v | {en!80NãÈ~!©R»­ô˜ÊWeHÆ»˜}beL^Ìï«åóá˜æŒãQe! ¯‘mYÆÔIŠrnæÔJ­Ú®mK͆vö˜èÊIjŸØV^"RmŸØ˜ÊWe!ôc Jm»¡[C_K­©T’^K!†f„dvi­©mêcn!žnñfYÆÔmJ­Ú®Ê˜„ vV^RgjŠŒ!Ìï«åóámßã»iHÆ»jwm]·_K80Nãã¼J‹90N㉠ƒjJPefA‘gCERgfA‘"„Eêcmdvi­©n!Àài·mãÏ”gVepC ^un抾m½Ïlv†utÁ¿lzm½ÏlvKAÆ@ïmãÏ”gVepC^uÁ¦v †u¬·¦vŠŒ„!J­Í˜øLcP‘­CvöjibeC‘RgKmFT’^RgfA‘" L[[hFJ­Ú®!YÆ\¢m]·_!Ìï«åóá!ñdoÏÞÃç PDͶßÉ Ä¹âíKI‹V^1990NãÈ~!›Ýæ¦å±m‘Û‘{å`̧K¢EoϘȪV^" \’jºC!uÞÊv!u¦Év!uîñv!\VeuÎÄvn‘«˜zGe©Rj¬’‘«éôÌ ç»KiWV^"«éôÌç»n‘ÛoÏ_PfniN!‘àmYÆ\¢!àZsê!J­s ê!Ðï\¢ihj„åLie¿˜^G^"Áj!«éôÌç»jºEuÎÄvmÚ®jÖX ‘¤†n!oÏw!ocw!Ðïw!lûw!nwihmªìf¤†~ÏKs•’eL^" êÊj!oÏw!ÁjVÃThoÏwJ‹m‹_f©’o!_ºJ‹sswm‘àmJ­Ú ®noÏ­WmßöfNR‘RgfAŒ!ßã»K~Šji™fC‘ضfA‘glG‹’e L^"}^!J­Ú®náC¶Y«m_ƔåJ‹‚C¶Y«mHƔåwJ­ÍKÚ®X‘ RgJ‹!ø¦Ii‘¹zªgCEÏ_J‹©e„]}VC»ÛfA‘glG‹’eL^" {¤†mÚIn!80NãÈ~!©R»­ô˜ÊWeHÆ»˜}beL^Ìï«åóá˜æ ŒãQe!¯‘mJ­Ú®mKÍ!Xü!\mvö˜l@X‘RgfA‘"Ìï«åóán ¼Í¨µ»ïi»Ýmͨµ»ïjgm툘oe!1971N!Ƨ˜Ÿ`¾^"ƧVe30N ÈãKob^j„JJ•‹Y!Ìï«åóán›´›mÅn‘mêcgVeªÞT’eC‘" ¯‘mÐïoϝvjÖX‘Ãô»ns«VeC‘Rg„AŒ!Ìï«åóámJ­âè˜

ÎÛgV^ú{êm¤†_¶n­iC1)_{"›´› NICs!ASEAN j±Ce!oϬ·K¡ã!} úÒT’eC‘Ìï«åóámJ­Í\¢mÏ»jÚX‘RgnÓ`KA‘glG!¯‘ ˜ªÍÎÛjI™_2)<sub>"</sub> {_nTcmßJ‹\¬T’!æQßf!J­Ú®jÖVe`IiÞÃçfA‘ñdoÏ ÞÃç†m¦ÙpÞÃçmàe†âè_˜ÐîV^ã!80Nã¼oÈ~mªÍÞÃçjcCe „G’‘"ÁGe!›´›mJ­Ú®âè˜ÎÛgV^Àت͘ÐîV^C"æRßfn! Ìï«åóám70Nã¼oJ‹2000NjJPemYƔåÔmJ­Ú®˜„vV!\mÙp \¢mÏ»˜l@X‘"\VeæSßfn!1996NJ‹2000NjŠ‘J­ÍmnæÔÚ®˜„ vX‘g¤j!\mÚ®vö˜vʪÍjŠŒ¾‹JjV!ÅãmæTßf{_˜}gƒ‘R ggV^C" QDJ­Ú®Ì_ÆÀؤ† iPjJ­Ú®Ì_ J­Ú®jÖX‘Å„î{Iigg~ÞÃçgVe!Lewisi1954j† Fei=Ranisi1964j mñdoÏÞÃç!Harris=Todaro mm¦ÙpÞÃçi1970jK“Q‹’‘"Lewis mñd oÏÞÃçfn!ê‘moÏK`I_ƔågßãIHƔå˜øGeC‘Rg˜zèVe C‘"_ƔåfnÀEJ­¶Y«máCs®SAÆÒK]–VeIŒ!¶¶ïjŠbeˆ} ‘Àà¦nÀEJ­¶Y«˜ãñbeC‘"êû!HƔåfnJ­ÀE¶Y«K\mÀঠg¯Wji‘}fJ­˜ÙpiXi•`!®SÙpjVeIŒ!sêm£ˆ´K@\VeC ‘"ssmHÆ»˜ÊWeoϬ·Kn}‘g!ßãIHƔåjICeJ­ùvKÁX‘" \m‹Ê!_Ɣån\mõ¿fLxiJ­Í˜HƔåwŸ‹X‘RgjŠŒ!s®SAÆ Ò˜¸‹XRgKfL!\mÀEJ­¶Y«nã¸X‘Rgji‘"Xj!J­Ú®Ki~! _ƔåmÀEJ­¶Y«KHƔåmÀà¦g¯W…€ji‘g!_ƔåJ‹mJ­Ím ¬oK~}‘"Lewis n!Rmž_˜YÆ\¢m]·_gę_"Lewis jŠ’o!J­Ú® ˜ˆèX‘mnHƔåjIP‘AÆ@ïfA‘gå£V^"VJV!»Àn Lewis mñd oÏÞÃçKzèVeC^„mgnÙibeC^" Ùi‘æêm_n!HƔåKzûfLiCJ­ÍK¸ÆÒgVe½NC^j„JJ•‹Y! _ºJ‹mJ­Ú®Kp±V^RgfAb^"\mRgVen!êcjnssmJ­sêj ÖX‘îñKs«VeC^Rg!ñcjn_ºJ‹mJ­ÒK¸ÆÒgVeJ­sêfæªT ’eCe„!žjnúÙCihms®SAÆm`fúK˜ÒM!ssf½gJ¶v˜§eeC ^Rg!OcjnssfE˜¾^gLmŠ¾J‹¸ÆVeC‘Ôm¶ˆïpih˜·VøC^ ê‡múҊ¾K_ºjcb^ê‡múҊ¾˜ãñbeC^RgK“Q‹’‘"

æñm_n!HƔåfE˜¾e„!ssjèZViCGßIioÒMJ­ÒK½N¶ÝV eC^RgfAb^"Áj_Éú†HƔåmsµújn!ssjoÒMjoeC^J­ÒK _ºjߌ!_Ɣå˜xGeC^"{äE¼ci2004jjŠ‘ŸïÅɳ›˜ÎÛgV^À ؤ†jICe„!1997NjNL^›´›ÊÝë@m¼ãjICen!HƔåKáÀVeC ^K!HƔåmÙp@ïmk¬jŠŒ¶W^]èJ­˜_ƔåKzûVeC^" æOm_n!Lewis ÞÃçfn!_ºJ‹¬oV^J­Ín_ºmÀà¦je¿˜y{Ti CgCEÃThIoÏwm§ê˜gbeC^K!»Àjn_ƔåmÀà¦nÂÏfAb^" Jorgensoni1966jn!ú{m1887NJ‹1917NjJPem_ƔåmÀà¦nHƔåm¬ ·jºCã¸VeIŒ!ÃThI›Óéô½˜gbeC‘ Lewis _gn¨£VeC‘gà C^"Jorgenson n!J­Ú®KHƔåmAÆ@ïmL³jŠbe¶W‘mfniN!”å ÔmÀài·jŠbe¶W‘gå£V^"_ƔåjáÀàmJ­ÍKLxj¶ÝVeC‘ž _iXi•`!Lewis K¾E]·_ÈOjfnHƔåmÀà¦mÍJiã¸K_ƔåJ‹ måÊmJ­Ÿ‹˜„^‹Xmf!ÀàjÎX‘J­Ÿ‹meÍ«K‚Ni‘" J­Ú®jÖX‘„Eêcmå¬ÞÃçgVe!Harris=Todaro mm¦ÙpÞÃçi1970j K“Q‹’‘"\’n!_ºjC‘J­ÒnssjsPoÒORgKfL‘úҊ¾iss fm½ÏÀà~d–˜©cP‘m¦jg!_ºfcb^ê‡mŠ¾g˜ärVeÚ®mˆè˜ sEgCEúҊ¾à˜ÞÃç»V^„mfA‘"\mã!Todaroi1980jnm¦ÙpÞà çmà¾Í˜‚ƒ‘^ƒj!\mî{ÞÃçjlI‘{_mlGû˜æŒü’^"ïÌIj n!úҊ¾j„ø¦˜pCe»Ý¿ljC³V^Œ!_ºJ‹sswmÚ®jºE¨Iï p˜l¶V^Œ!úÒAEN”˜ÞÃçmϔjÁGe!úҊ¾m¸k»˜}b^" VJV!Harris=Todaro mm¦ÙpÞÃçjICe„!ôcJmâè_K©‹’^"êc Úmâè_n!HƔåmJ­sêmKw»Kl¶T’eI‹Y!ѤôÚçiHƔåjã ÖT’‘ÉÕI”ågVemŸïѤôÚç”åm¶ÝK³‹T’eC‘RgfA‘"Êmâ è_gVe!ssmѤôÚç”åmÀà¦Kd¼IfA‘gCERgfA‘"ssmѤô Úç”åj®X‘åéÆmÀà¦n½Nmê‡!gD»T’^J­g‡m¶Ý†ÅáÀà@g Cb^J­Ò˜ÛìX‘Àà­ôjŠbe!sꅀŠŒ„‚NÅèT’!ºûd¼«˜LV eC‘"\mRgn!Harris=Todaro mm¦ÙpÞÃçmª²˜¬XsêݦǶÜiÀ àKJ­ùvgŸ‹jŠbeˆèT’‘RgjK@\VeCiCRg˜Ó¡X‘"Xi‘âè _gVen!ssg_ºmúÒûüm»Ý¿l˜vZX‘^ƒjg•’‘„ø¦KúÔjÖW iNêèfAb^Œ!J­Ú®˜à¾X‘vögVe!Š¾ÈOmvfK‡PeC‘RgK“ Q‹’‘iTaylor and Martin!1998j"

80Nã¼oÈ~!Lewis † Harris=Todaro mÃTIÞÃçjã•be!J­Ú®˜ªÍX ‘î{IÞÃçK Stark ihi1988jjŠbeJ­T’^"\mÞÃçjn!浪gsmÀ

«!îñ!®ôÜm_K±üT’!J­Ú®mˆèvö†Ú®m‹ÊKªÍmÎÛgib^" VVCªÍmgg~jICen!ªÍmîbPÊKÂl!Æ°!¢Ñ}fy™_ãj!Ú®Ò gñÚ®Ò!oÒM¢ÑgñoÒM¢Ñ!¯ÛáÇœàmÐïIvfgCb^ÛªéÃô» ˜pCemªÍKs•’^"}^!ÐïwÒnlI‘{_˜Õôµj!Ú®Òm«Ê!³ç! Nîihm®«KÚ®j^G‘e¿˜¾‹JjVŠEgV^"Xj!nwÒjŠbedÍÞ Ãçih˜pCeÚ®—£†ðÊÔjŠ‘J­ÍÚ®wme¿„Ÿ¢T’^iµ!2005j" iQjJ­Ú®ÉÖ·éÀؤ† pêf‘J’^J­Ú®jÖX‘Àؤ†m½Nn!đmåwf×­V^¢Ee‘J‹m ¯w¶!ÁjJ­rã‘J‹m¯w¶jŠbewÊ_¶m`f­\T’eC‘"êû!ú{ê f‘J’^¤†_¶jÖVen!›´›”‘˜ÎÛjJ­oÏwmêåÆjŠbe‘J’^„ mK½C"ªÍmgg~†ÞÃçm唪n!ñdoÏÞÃç!m¦ÙpÞÃç!lI‘{_! dÍÞÃçihj½­mC³˜ÁG^„mfA‘iµ!2005j" ú{mJ­oÏwmæêlÒfA‘nÓi1985ajn!ؑ!äp!ќæÐï!ŸïÅÉ ³›˜æŒãQe!HƔåmÙpzûÍjŠbe¶W‘YÆÔJ­Ú®KÀà\¢†J­s êjhmŠEie¿˜y{VeC‘J˜Ÿ¢V^"nÓjŠ‘g!60Nã†70Nã!¬·új Ab^ؑ†äpfn!_ƔåJ‹m¬oJ­Ím唪˜HƔåKzûVeC^mjÎ V!ќæÐï!ŸïÅɳ›fnHƔåfniN!ùH!¤ÆihmŸïѤôÚçi±ô ϵƔåK¬oJ­ÍmzûæjibeC^" }^!ßãIHƔåmÀà¦g_ƔåJ‹m¬oJ­ÍgmÖW˜©e~‘g!ؑ! äpmê‡jn³mŠÖÖWK©‹’^mjÎV!ќæÐïÅɳ›jICenÀà ¦mLrK¬TCj„JJ•‹Y!¬oX‘J­ÍmKÍnåLJb^"Xi•`!矵¬ mðߘX’o!ؑ!äpmoÏ­W…€n70NãjübeYÆ\¢m]·_˜}G^mj ÎV!ќæÐïÅɳ›fn¢_]·_ÈOm­W…€fAb^g„_T’‘"\m ‹Ê!nÓn!ؑ!äpnHƔåmJ­ùvK_ƔåmJ­Í˜øLñZ‘uÓç^v fA‘mjÎV!ќæÐï!ŸïÅɳ›mJ­Ú®KHƔåmJ­ùvjÖWiN!_ ƔåmJ­Í˜HƔåwŸVoXuÓ¿³á^vfA‘g‹_tP^"Xj!nÓ i1985bjnÊm˜ìm†f!ќæÐïÅɳ›ih!ê”mŒì›´›”‘KHÆ »˜20Nj•^beo±ViK‹„!\mHÆ»m­WgyÍKÀ‹’eIŒ!_Ɣåmn ¢K†jgVe¶ÝVeC‘gqx^"ÞnRm\¢˜É¥EÃá›æ¶ÜgÄr!\mKw \¢K\’‹–Y‘mÐïIÙ£m´öjibeC‘gwEV^" \’fn!i[\mŠEiRgKê”mŒì›´›”‘fnNL^mfA“EJ"nÓ i1985bjn!O‘‘{j˶V^‘{WñIiAüãÖHÆ»­ôKńåLiâèfAŒ!

\m­ôKJ­ÒmE±àegÒ¬˜Ï»TZe!J­ùvm¿IÏ»˜„^‹V^gwEV eC‘"›´› NICs gäxe!ASEAN mHÆ»K‘{WñIÎü˜beC^^ƒj!‚ Cwð†Zp˜c×ëŸÄ¦åô†ßãIHêJ­ÒihmJ­ùvnÁV^êûf!ñ nûZ\VJ^iCPƒJ­ÒnüÓìƘSE„mgVeKvgT’eC‘_PfAŒ! ދnCcf„ÀàmÀC¼mJ­ÒjãÖT’‘¶ÝfAb^"¯Wå|mwEK!câ i1989jjŠbe„T’eC‘"cân!Œì›´›mHÆ»K¶YJ‹~^HÆ»¦iSY Ɣåm¶Yzj胑HƔåm¶Yzmä¦jjäxe!ÙpJ‹©^HÆ»¦iAÆ Òj胑HƔåmAÆÒmä¦jKáN!70NãmŒì›´›”‘moϬ·nÝõŠ‘ jŠbexG‹’eC^gwEX‘" ãj“Q^Àؤ†n!lû·ï±µ!J­Í²¸!ÚªéoÏwWih˜pCemÚªé ªÍjŠ‘„mfAb^K!Â[Ãô»˜pC^ÛªéªÍjŠŒ!J­ÒmAÆs®!Ú® mIð«!Ú®vö˜¾‹JjV^„m„A‘"eri1985jnќæÐïm_ºfmќô çŲ¸˜ÊWe!_ƔåJ‹HƔåwmÚ®Òm½NKLJi_ÆKwJ‹oeIŒ! ³ç…€„‚CRg˜¾‹JjV^"\’}fn!J­ÍnêÊIjlGeáÀàsêJ‹‚ ÀàsêwgÚ®X‘mf!Àài·†AÆ@ïKJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘vögVeåLCgð ßT’eC^"VJV!‚ÀàsêwgQüX‘jn!J­ÒnêèÈãmZp†³ç…€˜ vT’‘RgJ‹!\mv˜ž^TiCJ­Òjgben!Àài·†AÆ@ïKJ­Ú ®mvöji‹iCRgKmFT’^"}^!gºi1998jnÚèô³›m1970NãÈ~mJ ­Í\¢mÏ»˜©‘^ƒj!únéÆf­NJ­ÒmÀÔ²¸˜£µÇ³Âœ!´¢ï¼ô! o©ihm‹_J‹sC!¯‘mJ­sêmñd\¢˜¾‹JjVŠEgV^" RDo“O‰fV…ÌYƔåÔJ­Ú® iPjYƔåÔJ­Ú®Ì„v Oßfn!J­Ú®jÖX‘`IÞÃçfA‘ñdoÏÞÃç†m¦ÙpÞÃçih˜Ð îV^ãf!›´›”‘˜ÎÛgV^ÀتÍm¤†˜ÐîV^"{ßfnÌï«åóᘠæŒãQe!¯‘m70Nã¼oÈ~J‹2000N}fmYƔåÔmJ­Ú®jcCel@V^ C"VJV!Ìï«åóájICenYÆÔmJ­Ú®mK͆ûü˜¦V^‘¿n¶ÝV eCiC"\’ˆG!J­·ï±µjA‘YÆÊAJlûmÃô»˜pCeJ­Ú®mèÊ» ˜}Œ^C" Ìï«åóájICeAJlûgn!uÞðÒ!Nàó‹Ò!êÆåw!áQÒ!w¶! ¨îC˜œN!ocÒ!]Æõ!©cÆÒ!©cÆÒmÆ°v˜wX"Ìï«åóámJ­ ·ï±µnåÌ5NSgjÌï«åóá­{mvÇjŠbeoÅT’eC‘K!ˆNmY

ÆÊAJlûmÃô»K¦T’eCiCãj!\mè`„NjŠbeÙi‘"Ìï«åóá mAJlûmè`nuÊímè`vgug£T’^è`vjŠbeªJ’eC‘K!\’K² ¸NjŠbeÙi‘"uÊímè`vgn!uñV˜„‹bePú–^ŒÅáPžÔÈãmJ­ ˜ñŸVeC‘lv˜wVeC‘mjÎV!ug£T’^è`vn!uñVmL³jÖWiNJ ­˜ñŸVeC‘lv˜wX"}^!AJlûKu10ÎÈãv˜ÎÛgX‘ê‡g!u15ÎÈ ãv˜ÎÛgX‘ê‡jªJ’eIŒ!\’„²¸NjŠbeϕ‘"RmŠEjÃô»˜Š oX‘Ûm§ñ„AŒ!70Nã¼oJ‹2000N}fmˆNmžnñmÃô»˜æ‘RgnfL iJb^"{¤†fnuÊímè`vf!Žcu10ÎÈãvgCE„be!1974N! 1984N!1985N!1986N!1991N!1996N!2000NmYÆÊAJlûmÃô»˜ŠoV^" }Y!YƔåÔmJ­Ú®˜„vX‘^ƒj!Ìï«åóámYƔå˜10”åi_Ñ …YÆ!zÆ!»¢Æ!dCE…E§µ!šÝ!¤ÆEùHE×Âç!^AEÊME¨¬!à ZEs®Y!Ðï±ôϵ!\m¼jjªÞVe!\mAJlû˜oX3)_{"Ÿj!_хYÆ}

m t úg t„1 újIP‘AJlû˜!\’]’ La(t)!La(t„1) gIN"RmúÔjIP‘_ хYÆmJ­ÍƒÚ®Ê Ma(t) n!t úmAJlûmÀÛl La(t) g!t„1 úmAJlû La(t„1) j©RÁ¦ 1+r ˜æWevZT’‘_lgm·j™VC"Šbe!_хYÆ mJ­ÍƒÚ®Ên!Ÿj¦T’^i1j®f„vT’‘" Ma(t)=La(t)„[(1+r)~La(t„1)] |(1j RRf!_хYÆm©RÁ¦ r ˜ªèV^Ãô»n¶ÝViCmf!J­Ím©RÁ¦ KSYƔåjICe¯Wg¼èX‘g!_хYƯl!¼mXcm”åib!c!ccc j ”åmX”åjmJ­ÍƒÚ®Ê˜„vfL‘Xcm®Kƒ‹’‘" Mb(t)=Lb(t)„[(1+r)~Lb(t„1)] |(2j Mc(t)=Lc(t)„[(1+r)~Lc(t„1)] |(3j c Mj(t)=Lj(t)„[(1+r)~Lj(t„1)] |(10) Ÿj!‘àm~fJ­Ú®Ks•’!_хYÆJ‹mJ­Ím¬oK¼mXcm”åwg ¬üX‘g¼èX‘g!Ÿm(11)®K¬§X‘" „Ma(t)=Mb(t)+Mc(t)+Md(t)+Me(t)+Mf(t)+Mg(t)+Mh(t)+Mi(t)+Mj(t) |(11) R’‹11ÂmA§ûö®jŠŒ!©RÁ¦ r Kƒ‹’e!_хYÆJ‹¬oV!¼m YƔåw¬üV^J­ÍÊKƒ‹’‘"AV!„vV^úÔmÔuN”KÙibeC‘^ ƒ!YÆÔmJ­Ú®mKÍKc¬Vd‹C"\mâ蘎žX‘^ƒ!„vT’^J­Ú® ʘN½Ïj¼V^„mK\Pj¦T’eC‘"

\P _ƅYƔå©ç¬oµ½J­ÍÌYÆÊ̄viN½Ïx[Xj _iPÊF1,000lj N Y Æ 1974|84 84|85 85|86 86|91 91|96 96|2000 _хYƔå -556 -331 -156 -380 -47 -30 HƔå 168 141 189 459 -482 82 izÆj 4 -45 0 6 -4 28 i»¢Æj 114 116 184 497 -572 12 idCE§µE…j 6 21 -58 -2 13 11 išÝj 44 49 63 -43 82 31 ±ôϵƔå 388 189 -33 -79 528 -52 i¤ÆEùHE×Âçj 216 239 25 -17 204 113 i^AEÊME¨¬j 63 43 87 19 89 32 iàZEs®Yj 5 58 157 |28 |22 34 iÐï±ôϵj 104 176 |129 |202 566 |808 i\m¼j n.a. |327 |173 148 |309 576

ioŠjReport on Labour Force Survey in Bangladesh 1995­96, 1999„2000 ihjŠŒ!MÒK„v"

iPj1974NmYÆÊAJlûjICe!uÐï±ôϵvgu\m¼vm¦Â°æôKêjibeC‘mf!u\m ¼vm¬üJ­Ên n.a. gV^" iQjAJlûmÃô»KçlPÊfVJ¾‹’Y!„v‹Êm”šnçlȺ˜lÌÜüV^^ƒ!_хYÆJ‹ mJ­Ím¬oÊKHƔåg±ôϵƔåwm¬üÊm‡vjKYV„êvViCӊ„A‘" ʼnj!_хYÆJ‹¼mYƔåwmJ­Ím¬onSúÔj•^bep±VeC‘R gKªJ‘"Áj!74|84Nm_хYÆm¬oÊnN½Ïfñ56œlfAŒ!Ìï«åó áKƧVeTNob^70Nãã¼J‹mHÆ»mJngO˜êjX‘"75NjÃET’^Ü ´ÒçEåôÚïmã!­ ˜¶¬V^mnRlogm´›¡çEåôÚïi1975|81Njf Ab^"Þn!O­ mÐïå`IioÏ­ôJ‹sêݦǶÜjîdN¯Ôå±^moÏ ­ôwgûü]·˜}“EgV^"æQŸTñNvæi1980|85Njmoß[ugVeôèT ’^QñNvæi1978|80NjjICe„!¯Ô‘{m笘d‹V!AüjÖX‘K§Éa ˜}‘Rgf¯Ô”åmˆÍ˜øLo\EgŽ~^"iàc!2006j" gn¾G!74|84NjICe_хYƔåJ‹mJ­Í˜Å„½NzûV^”ån»¢Æ ihmHƔåfniN!u¤ÆEùHE×Âçviñ22œljm±ôϵÆfAb^"»¢Æ KńåLiÙpzûæji‘mn86|91Niñ50œljjibeJ‹fA‘"åôÚïKà ET’!­ ˜øLpC_Rlogm£ç³ßÅi1982|90NjnOCÒ¯l©R»­ô˜„ Viƒ^K!\màen¢Eâs†‘ÛÊÝîàJ‹m³Í„AŒ!ÈOŠŒ„¥~ž™_„ mjib^"HÆ»jIP‘£ç³ßÅm÷ÑgVeńåLJb^Rgn!83N!½¿»° ïjÌï«åóáʼnmAoÁHæ˜ÝuV!¯‘jO‘‘{˜Ärž‚LbJPjib^ RgfA‘"»Ý!OÝm7„˜ÒM_XD»Æm­W„£ç³ßÅúm80Nã¼ojn}b ^iàc!2006Nj"Lewis ¬jðßX’o!Ìï«åóámßã»iHÆ»jwm]· _n80Nãã¼J‹90N㉃jJPefAb^g„ªT’‘"\mضgVe!_Ɣåm

Àà㸦K80Nã¼oJ‹90N}fQ¬»äf„ÚVeIŒ!\m”åmJ­ù‹KN—V eC‘RgK„@T’‘4)_{"ÁGe!83N}f_Æg»¢ÆmÀà¦n¯W558»¦fAb^} K!84N˜«j»¢ÆmÀà¦i720»¦jK_ÆmÀà¦i572»¦jiXi•`!ñdoÏ ÞÃçf¾EgR“m_ºm¶¶ïj˜ãñb^" 91|96NjICen!_хYÆJ‹mJ­Í¬oKñ5œlwgƒ¸V!tjHƔåJ ‹ñ48œli»¢Æ_Pf©’oñ57œljgCEåÊmJ­ÍK¬oV^"\m^ƒ!Rm úÔjIP‘J­ÍmåLizûæjib^mn±ôϵƔåfAb^g„@T’‘"Rm žú!I“jŠbe¦è¼E´›i1991|95Nj¦C‘Ìï«åóᑯ}K­ mÀj AC^K!´›­ nÌï«åóáK¥ôÓïioÏ­ô˜„iVeCNgCE³«Æç˜ ‘ÛÐïjüP‘RgjŠbe!O‘‘{mÄrž~j¬÷V!HÆ»je~˜cP^"VJ V!©R»­ô˜ÊWe}¬iHÆ»˜„ViƒŠEgV^K^ƒj!‘Û£ˆÍmiCYÆ †éÆn‘¿T’!µVCÙkIà­­ô„Á•be!n¢wKåLił˜óP^"Ååì }fAb^›ëÛA¿n!n¢w˜x‡X‘^ƒjÙÐáæµÄI­ô˜Å`oV^"^ì} mΧK«»V!I“Ks•’^96NUŽmOã¼NÔnoÏ@\KƒƒV!HƔåmå LiáÀ˜µC^"ÁGe!Rmžú!Ìï«åóám»¢Æm¡øÍfAb^D»ÆK™ ¶J­âèf‘ÛJ­@ֆ›Ý榭{J‹ŠeT’^e¿„AŒ!D»ÆjŠbeÙpT ’eC^50œlÈãm™¶J­Òm½NnðÙT’^iThijs!1997j"Ìï«åóámHÆ »jgbet—KC^Rmžú!HƔåf­CeC^J­ÒKJiŒ_ºjßb^mfi CJg„ªT’‘"\mضgVe!86|91Nm_ƔåJ‹mJ­Íƒ¬oÊK38œlfA b^mjÎV!91|96Nmƒ¬oÊn5œlg}¸VeC‘"}^!±ôϵÆ!\’„är IŸïѤôÚçigDm`ԘgbeC‘ê‡K½CuÐï±ôϵviñ57œlj!u¤ÆE ùHE×Âçviñ20œljj„!HƔåJ‹mJ­ÍK¬üV^g„@T’‘5)_" \mã!96NmI“jŸ˜V^˳ƦC‘›ëÛA¿n©R»­ô˜˜ViK‹!› ëÛA¿ÁLmÙÐáæµÄI­ôfA‘g£Ià­EàZ­ô˜ÏÉIjÀ{V^"›Ýæ ¦oϘ†SgV^¢EoÏmDµúg„diŒ!»¢ÆihmHƔåJ‹mJ­Ím¬o j„•~ƒKJJŒ!Rm‹Ê!96|2000NmúÔ!HƔåjIP‘J­ÍnQiñWœ ljiK‹„¬üK©‹’^" iQjHƔåÌÙpzûÍ ãm„v‹Êf©^ŠEj!Ìï«åóám»¢Æ˜†SgV^HƔån¯‘moÏ­ WjºC!_хYƔåJ‹¬oV^J­Í˜zûV!80Nãmã¼J‹90N㉃jJP e!ñdoÏÞÃçf¾EgR“mYÆm]·_˜}G^g„@T’‘"VJV!dviRg nHƔå!†f„HÆ»˜¡øX‘»¢ÆK¼m”劌„!ŠÎIjÙpzûÍK‚Jb

^JhEJ˜ŸØX‘RgfA‘"YƔåKJ­WñIJ!½Cn‘{WñIfA‘JmÚ xgVe!ÙpÁ¦g‘{µÄ¿ªm¬·¦mä¦jÚX‘RgKlG‹’‘K!Ìï« åóájICenYÆÊm‘{µÄ¿ªmÃô»˜žnñfg‘RgKfLiC"\Rf! YÆÊm¶YmÙpeÍ«˜ªèX‘"¶YmÙpeÍ«gn!A‘YƔåm¶YKP÷ ÁX‘gL!\mYƔåmÙpK½÷ÁV^J˜¦XwWfAŒ!âÎlf\T’‘"\ mwWKåLili‹o!\mYƔåfnoϬ·gÙpmgågCEuö½˜ºb^oÏ ¬·vKÀ»T’eC‘gðßfL‘" 74NJ‹2000N}fmÔf˜pfL‘Ãô»˜pCe!¶YmÙpeÍ«˜„vV^‹ÊK! \Qj¦T’eC‘"74|84NmúÔfn!Rcm”å†!HƔåKń‚Ce«l˜L^ V^"AV!\múÔm»¢Æme«ln1.52g!HƔåm†fńáC”šfAb^"\ mvögVe!RmžúnD»ÆmŠEiJ­WñIYÆK¬·mO¹jæ‘OfAŒ!»¢ ÆmÙpzûÍK¢_\ªj­NiJb^glG‹’‘"85|86N!86|91Nme«l„HÆ ”åK_хYƔå˜ãñbeIŒ!Áj»¢Æme«ln4.73i85|86Nj!4.29i86| 91Njg!HƔåS̊Œ„‚Jb^"}^±ôϵƔågärVe„!HƔåme« ln‚Jb^"Ìï«åóájICenHÆ»wm]·_˜!80Nãã¼J‹90N㉃j JPe!»¢Æ˜†Sj}G^gOqV^K!HƔåmÙpeÍ«J‹©e„!\mRgK  tP‹’‘" \Q YÆÊ̶YÌÙpeÍ« N Y Æ 1974|84 84|85 85|86 86|91 91|96 96|2000 _хYƔå 0.08 1.66 1.38 0.33 2.00 0.22 HƔå 1.49 1.27 4.19 2.36 0.51 0.55 izÆj 66.00 n.a. 0.00 0.42 0.32 4.53 i»¢Æj 1.52 2.53 4.73 4.29 0.74 0.33 idCE§µE…j 1.95 3.95 4.65 0.05 2.26 3.45 išÝj 5.92 1.11 9.71 0.53 3.20 0.69 ±ôϵƔå 1.43 0.99 0.89 0.36 1.24 0.18 i¤ÆEùHE×Âçj 6.09 1.80 1.50 0.59 1.03 0.51 i^AEÊME¨¬j 1.69 2.90 2.49 0.62 1.54 0.43 iàZEs®Yj 0.65 8.32 11.85 1.46 1.21 4.50 iÐï±ôϵj 0.01 0.85 0.15 1.10 3.25 1.54 i\m¼j n.a. 2.37 0.85 1.67 1.36 7.79 SÌ 0.48 0.93 1.30 0.67 0.62 0.24

ioŠjeNmStatistical Yearbook of Bangladesh † Labour Force Survey in Bangladesh ˜pCe!MÒK„v" ij74|84Nmu\m¼vm¶YmÙpeÍ«K n.a. jibeC‘mn!74Nmu\m¼vmAJlûmÃô»Kg

’iJb^^ƒfA‘"84|85NjIP‘uzÆvK n.a. jibeC‘mn!84Ng85NmzÆm¶YzK¯W lfAb^^ƒfA‘"}^!85|86NmuzÆvK0jibeC‘mn!85Ng86NmzÆmAJlûK¯Wl fAb^^ƒfA‘"

êû!¼‘gmärf©’o!Ìï«åóámHƔåmÙpzûÍnhmŠEiÊud PjA‘mfA“EJ"´i1985jK60Nã!70Nãm»Ÿm»¢Æme«l˜„vVeIŒ! 60|70N!70|80NjIP‘»¢ÆSÌme«ln\’]’0.35!1.01fAb^"Ìï«åà ³ám74|91NjJPem»¢ÆmÙpe«l˜„vX‘g3.17fAŒ!»ŸgärVeJi Œ‚CRgK•J‘"}^!nÓi1985ajn60NãJ‹70NãjJPemؑ!äp!ќ æÐï!»Ÿ!ŸïÅɳ›meYƔåmÙpzû͘!Ùpe«ljeYÆmAÆ䦘 ÁdV^ÁdÙpe«l˜pCe„vV^6)_{"\’jŠ‘g!äp!ؑjIP‘HƔåm} ÁdÙpe«lK\’]’0.19!0.15fAb^mjÎV!ќæÐï!»Ÿ!ŸïÅɳ›f n!\’]’0.06!0.04!0.05fAb^"nÓg¯Wû@jŠbe!Ìï«åóám74|91 NmÁdÙpe«l˜vZX‘g!0.42fAŒ!R’‹Tñ‘ŠŒ„iij‚C”šfAb^" 90NãjÚVe~‘g!Ìï«åóájIP‘HƔåme«ln91|96Nf0.51!96 |2000Nfn0.55fAŒ!80NãgärX‘g!HƔåmÙpzûÍKÝ»VeC‘"Rm vögVen!HÆ»wm]·_mžBjºbe!»¢Æ˜†SjÀà¦mã¸K©‹’!½ NméÆK‘{EJ­ä¦˜‚ƒ‘ŠEi¶Y³µÂܘÌpX‘ŠEjib^RgK“Q‹ ’‘iàc!2005j"}^!90Nãjübe†‘†ÕÄÆÜgCb^Ðïå`‘ÆQKoϳ µÂܘsêå`oÏwgÚsTZ^^ƒj壈žãKžˆV!Ìï«åóám¢Äsê m͟Kê”D•’^‹Ê!éÆn‘{•õ¦˜ã¸TZ‘Rgf»im·Ê»˜}Œ!‘Û £ˆÍ˜‚ƒŠEgV^RgK“Q‹’‘iàc!2005j"AV90Nãjübe„!»¢Æm AJlû\m„mn_хYÆ!±ôϵÆmu¤ÆEùHE×Âçv†uÐï±ôϵvg À™fåLCRgjϕŒniC" SDo“O‰fV…ÌnæÔJ­Ú® iPjnæÔJ­Ú®Ì„v Oßfn!Ìï«åóámYƔåÔmJ­Ú®jcCe!¯‘mHÆ»mÏJjƋV ‡•ZiK‹l@˜sb^"{ßfn!Ìï«åóájIP‘19mnæÔmJ­Ú®˜„v Vf!\mvö˜l@X‘"Ìï«åóánnûs­ã!UcmnæiDivisionjjªP‹ ’eC‘K!\’]’mnæjÜ}’‘åvi§m†f!\m GDP ¬·¦mÃô»˜ûWf L‘19m§˜I™_"AV!uÊímè`vf!Žcu15ÎÈãv˜ÎÛgX‘AJlûjÖ X‘næÊÃô»K96Ng2000NjICeVJ¾‘RgKfLiJb^mf!ªÍn96NJ‹ 2000NjJPemúÔm~˜ÎÛgX‘7)_{"®!„vû@nOßmYÆÔJ­Ú®g¯W†Œ} û˜pC‘"\mÛ!AJlûm©RÁ¦nnæÔf™VCg¼èX‘"®!96NJ‹2000 NjJPem‘SÌmAJlûm©RÁ¦n12.95÷iN½Ï3.09÷jfAb^"

\Rfn!96NJ‹2000NjŠ‘J­ÍmnæÔJ­Ú®˜„vV^‹ÊK¦T’eC‘" Rm‹ÊŠŒ!ôcJm»¡[C_K¦´T’‘"RmúÔjIP‘J­Ímussvwm¬ üÊnñ40œliN½Ïñ10œljfAŒ!unûvJ‹ussvwmJ­ÍmÚ®KmFT ’^"Ÿj!«ÊjŠ‘Ú®mKÍgXü˜©‘^ƒj!\’]’mnæmuj«vgu—«v mJ­Ú®m¬oüÊmâÎl˜‡vVe~‘"X‘g!uj«vKñ181œl!u—«vK139 œlf!uj«vmûKÚ®X‘XüKåLCRgK•J‘"}^!uj«vgunûvmJ­ Ú®mŠÖW”K0.38fAb^mjÎV!uj«vgussvmJ­Ú®mŠÖW”n0.69g! JiŒ­C³mŠÖÖWK©‹’^8)_{"RmRgJ‹„!uj«vmussvwmÏÉIiJ} ­Ú®KmFT’‘" næÊj©‘g!19§m†fJ­Ím¬üK©‹’^mnX§fAb^mjÎV!J­Ím ¬oK©‹’^mn10§fAb^"¬oK©‹’^10§mà!ussvgunûvm¼ûjI CeJ­Ím¬oK©‹’^næn!ussvmæªKiCuSylhetv˜Üƒ’o8§jã‘" êû!J­Ím¬üK©‹’^X§jICen!SeussvgunûvmJ­Ú®m„†K tjibeIŒ!ussvjJ­ÍK¬üVeC’o!unûvfn¬oVeIŒ!}^unûv j¬üVeC’o!ussvfn¬oVeC‘"¾miª’jîdN¼à˜§e‘Rgn¢ï fnA‘K!J­Ím¬üK©‹’^X§fn!ussvgunûvmÔmnæàJ­Ú®„ JiŒmKÍfNLeC^mfniCJg„@T’‘"ussvwmJ­Ím¬üKÓåµf Ab^uChittagongv!uRajshahiv!uDhakav!uKhulnav!uComillavfn!96NJ‹2000N }fmæñŸYÆIŠræOŸYÆm¬·¦˜ÁG^„mJ‹æêŸYÆm¬·¦˜øC^l KÓåµfAb^mjÎV!unûvwmJ­Ím¬üKÓåµfAb^uPatuakhaliv! uFaridpurvfn!\mln¼§g„ڟƵfAb^"RmRgJ‹!§mHƔ冱ô ϵÆåm¬·¦KáCê‡jn!¬·¦K‚C¼§mussvjÚ®X‘ŠŒn‚V“!§ àmunûvwÚ®X‘XüKåLCmfniCJglG‹’‘" J­ÍSÌm¬üÊKńåLC§nuChittagongviñ38œljfAŒ!\mãjuRaj­ shahiviñ18œlj!uPatuakhaliviñ14œlj!uDhakaviñ14œlj!uKhulnaviñ11œlj K±N"ussvjÀbe~’o!uChittagongviñ43œljKń½N!\mãjuDhakav iñ29œlj!uRajshahiviñ19œlj!uKhulnaviñ11œlj!uComillaviñ3œljK±N" R’‹m§m96NJ‹2000N}fmêl–ŒGDP¬·¦jÚX’o!uChittagongvK19§ m†fSÔÚi19.7÷jj‚N!uDhakavKæQÊi23.5÷j!uRajshahivKæTÊi18.3 ÷j!uKhulnavKæ1Êi25.4÷j!uComillavKæRÊi22.5÷jfAb^"uPatuakhaliv mêl–ŒGDP¬·¦n!uJamalpurvjŸCf2ÔÚjáC8.4÷fAb^K!96NJ‹2000 N}fm_хYƔåm¼Ú¬·¦_PjÀbe~’o!45.7÷g!19§mE`fń‚C ”š˜L^VeC‘"RmRgJ‹!uPatuakhalivm¬üÊmåLTnunûvwm¬üÊ

måLTK´öfAŒ!\’nD²i_хYƔågÖWVeC‘g„@T’‘" êû!J­ÍmSÌm¬oÊKńåLC§nuTangailviñ25œljfAŒ!\mãj uBarisalviñ24œlj!uBograviñ18œlj!uJamalpurviñ12œljK±N"¬oÊKå LCR’‹S§fn!ussv!yrunûvm¼ûjICeJ­Ím¬oK©‹’‘"êl– Œ GDP ¬·¦jÚX’o!uTangailvK19§†æ16Êi11.4÷jfAŒ!uBarisalvKæ 10Êi16.4÷j!uBogravKæ13Êi15.7÷j!uJamalpurvjC^benźÊi|1.1÷j fAŒ!BêڟƵ¬·˜L^V^"uTangailvjICe„!96NJ‹2000N}fm_х YƔåm¬·¦Kæ10Êj¯}b^ãj!HƔåm¬·¦„ڟƵ26.8÷g!uJamal­ purvmŸjáJb^^ƒ!½NmJ­ÍKnæOj¬oV^g„@T’‘" \R 1996N©ç2000NɊéJ­ÍÌnæÔJ­Ú®Ì„v _iPÊF1,000lj SÌ j« —« ss nû i96NJ‹2000N}fm êl–Œ GDP ¬·¦j Barisal -244 -160 -83 -128 -115 (16.4) Bogra -184 -129 -54 -63 -121 (15.7) Chittagong 378 238 141 425 -47 (19.7) Comilla 22 -84 106 31 -8 (22.5) Dhaka 135 17 118 291 -156 (23.5) Dinajpur -27 -100 72 -15 -12 (16.5) Faridpur 4 26 -22 -39 43 (14.1) Jamalpur -124 -86 -39 -106 -18 (-1.1) Jessore 61 -149 210 -52 112 (16.1) Khulna 105 48 57 108 -2 (25.4) Kushtia -43 -37 -6 -41 -2 (16.4) Mymensingh -81 -156 75 -22 -61 (15.8) Noakhali -3 -29 26 11 -15 (16.0) Pabna 105 58 48 -35 141 (21.3) Patuakhali 137 98 38 -38 175 (8.4) Rajshahi 176 52 123 188 -11 (18.3) Rangpur -47 -97 51 -85 37 (10.1) Tangail -252 -215 -37 -29 -223 (11.4) Sylhet -117 -32 -85 0 -117 (17.9)

ioŠjReport on Labour Force Survey in Bangladesh 1995„96, 1999„2000 jŠŒ!MÒK„v" iPjuSylhetvmAJlûjICen!ussvæªKiCRgJ‹!ussvm¬oüÊn 0 jibeC‘" iQjAJlûmÃô»KçlPÊfVJ¾‹’Y!„v‹Êm”šnçlȺ˜lÌÜüV^^ƒ!j«g—«m¬ oüÊm‡v!yrssgnûm¬oüÊm‡vKnæjŠbenSÌm¬oüÊgKYV„êvViCӊ„ A‘" iQjnæÔJ­Ú®Ìvö æs¤†mèÏáôf©^ŠEj!J­Ú®mà¾vöjÖVenlXic_KiT’!\ ’˜xX‘Àؤ†Ks•’eL^"AV!næÔJ­Ú®˜æŒãQ‘æs¤†m”n­ iN!½NnYÆÔJ­Ú®mà¾vö˜l@VeC‘"næÔJ­Ú®mvö˜æŒãQ^

¤†gVen!Azisi1997jK80NãO¼mŸïÅɳ›˜ÎÛj!ssmnæÔÚ®jÖX ‘à¾vö˜¾‹JjVŠEgV^„mKA‘"}^!91|96NmŸïÅɳ›˜ÎÛj!{ äE¼ci2004jKnæÔJ­Ím¬oümà¾vö˜l@V^¤†á„A‘"R’‹ñcm ¤†j¤ÊX‘‹_n!AÆ@ïKJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘LÓivögVemFT’^RgfA ‘" {€jICen!O€f„vT’^næÔJ­Ú®KhmŠEivöjŠbeNLeC‘J jcCe!vʪ͘ÊWeŸØV^C"Ìï«åóámnæÔJ­Ú®mvö˜vÊIj Ÿ¢X‘j–^ben!\mÃô»s«†sõKªÍm§ñÞ¿jibeC‘RgKۃiC" ïÌIjn!næÔJ­Ú®Ê˜„vX‘^ƒjpC‘±ïÓç”K19§fA‘ãj!˜pf L‘à¾Ï”mÃô»·¿Ä„­iC"gn¾G!vIè@jŠbeJ­Ú®mà¾vö˜ Ÿ¢X‘Rgn„@˜´G^à¾Ii_ؘ}‘jnLøfA‘glG‹’‘^ƒ!¸Ge Ãô»mèÊ»˜Ž~^C"Ü_!íà¾Ï”nunæÔJ­Ú®ÊvfA‘" AÆ@ïàmŸØjÖVen!uenæm¸Æ¦v˜à¾Ï”gVepC^CgR“_K! Ìï«åóájICen\mŠEiÃô»˜g‘RgKfLiC"\Rf!à¾Ï”gVe u96|2000Nmêl–Œn抾mÁ¦viÈ~!êl–Œn抾mÁ¦gÄuj˜p C‘"Rmª’gVe!ќæ¿ÓµÈümlGûfnu¸Æ¦vguÀà㸦vgnڟ ƵmÖWjA‘RgJ‹!AÆ@ïà˜ŸØX‘à¾Ï”gVeuêl–Œn抾mÁ ¦v˜gERgn®‡«KA‘glG^J‹fA‘" Ÿj!Àài·àmŸØèijcCelG‘"Hicksi1932j† Jorgensoni1966jn!uY ƔåÔmÀài·R\K!J­Ú®måvivöfA‘vgCEÀài·à˜å£V^"A Æ@ïàgÀài·àmlGûnKYV„ŠÎ§X‘ÖWfniCK!Àài·„J­Ú®m à¾vöji‘mJhEJ˜mFX‘RgndvfA‘"ދm¾EÀài·gn!_Ɣå gñ_ƔågmYÆÔi·˜Ó¡X‘K!næÔJ­Ú®mªÍmgg~jfn!i·˜A ‘næjIP‘ñž_mÀàm·gVeuL·G‘" \Rf!u96NJ‹2000N}fmTNÔmêl–Œmn抾mN½ÏlviÈ~!êl–Œ n抾m½ÏlgÄuj˜pC‘"Rmϔ˜pC‘RgVen!Ú®˜lGeC‘J­ Òjgbe!Ú®æmoυ€ndviwWgiŒE‘J‹fA‘"Ü_!Ìï«åóám ŠEiJ­rã‘mJ­Òm½NKÚªéoÏwW˜QljVe!ދmÚ®jÖX‘Óvˆ è˜sERgih!ñ»ÀIibfnA‘"VJV!MÒK»nj·‹NØÝV^o±J‹­ ©V^RgfA‘K!»nJ­ÒnuhmnæmiCKÇCmJ!«CmJv!uhmŠEin æ!Æí!Eífd–˜©cP†XCJv!uhmÆí!EímÀàK‚CJvgCb^û¯Û ihmŸïѤôÚçi}̘ÊWeîñ˜ûWX‘RgjÖVeñíj·PeC‘"J­r ã‘mJ­ÒnA‘Ó¡!iµjÖVenq´fA‘gCG‘"RmRgJ‹!uêl–Œn

抾m½Ïlv˜Àài·mãÏ”gVepC‘" ®!AÆ@ïà˜à¾X‘Ï”gVeu2000Nmêl–Œn抾g96Nmêl–ŒnæŠ ¾m·v˜pC‘Rg„lG‹’‘K!uêl–Œn抾mÁ¦vgÀài·à˜ŸØX ‘^ƒmà¾Ï”fA‘uêl–Œn抾m½ÏlvmŠÖW”K0.24fA‘mjÎV! u2000Ng96Nmêl–Œn抾m·vguêl–Œn抾m½ÏlvgmŠÖW”K0. 66fA‘RgJ‹!ãÒmà¾Ï”mg~‡•Zn½d¤ü«˜øLNRX°’KA‘"\m ^ƒ!AÆ@ïmãÏ”gVenuêl–Œn抾mÁ¦v˜IðX‘" Xj!enæjIP‘HƔåmKÍg\m¬·¦KnæÔJ­Ú®j„^‹Xe¿˜ŸØ X‘^ƒj!u96|2000NmnæmYÆʬ·¦vIŠru96NJ‹2000N}fm5NÔmYÆ ÊtÁ¿lzmN½Ïlv˜à¾Ï”jgX‘dñAªÍ˜sb^"A•Ze!»¢ÆjÀb ^ªÍ„sb^"®!næjIP‘YÆÊAJlûmÃô»Kg’iC^ƒ!cOiK‹!Y ÆÊfnuêl–ŒvmÃô»˜pÓX‘RgKfLiJb^" dñAªÍm‹ÊK!\4j¦T’eC‘"uSÌvmJ­Ú®jcCen!Àài·m㝠ϔfA‘uêl–Œn抾m½ÏlvKLÓià¾Ï”iT÷mLӅ€jgVe­©T ’^"RmRgŠŒ!J­Òn‚CŠ¾˜¾‹’‘Â\«mA‘næwÚ®X‘RgKmFT ’^"VJV!AÆ@ïmãÏ”gVepC^uêl–Œn抾mÁ¦vnW”m„† KÓåµfAŒiK‹„!LÓià¾Ï”gVemFT’iJb^" }^!uj«vmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘Ï”gVe!uêl–Œn抾m½ÏlvKLÓiÏ ”iT÷mLӅ€jgVe­©T’^K!u—«vmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘Ï”gVenLÓ fniJb^"RmRgŠŒ!—«nA‘næmŠ¾K‚CJ‹gCbe!j«mŠEjÈP jÚ®X‘RgnfLiCRgK•J‘"vK‚CŠ¾˜ƒe¼mnæwÚ®Ve„!Èn ç™!Ɩ!ÆÆmè`Cihm^ƒjnæjc‘mfniCJgðßT’‘" Xj!ussvwmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘vögVe!uêl–Œn抾mÁ¦viLӅ €T÷j!uêl–Œn抾m½ÏlviLӅ€P÷jKLÓià¾Ï”gVe­©T’^ mjÎV!unûvwmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘Ï”nmFT’iC„mm!W”m„†nÚŸÆ µfAb^"RmRgJ‹!A‘§mŠ¾KÁX’o!¼m§J‹mJ­Êm¬üKÁX ‘_PfniN!§àmunûvJ‹ussvwmJ­Ú®„ÁX‘Â\«KA‘Rg˜¦ ´VeC‘" YÆÊmà¾vöjÚX‘g!uHÆmtÁ¿lzm½ÏlvKuSÌvmJ­Ú®˜à ¾X‘LÓiϔiT÷mLӅ€jgVe­©T’^"R’n!HƔåmKÍKåLCn æfn!J­Í˜øLcP‹’‘Rg˜Ó¡X‘"}^!uj«vmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘Ï” gVeuHÆmtÁ¿lzm½ÏlvKLÓiϔi10÷mLӅ€jgVe­©T’^K! u—«vmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘Ï”gVenLÓfniJb^"Xj!ussvwmJ­Ú®

˜à¾X‘vögVe!uHÆmtÁ¿lzm½ÏlvKÓåµmLÓiϔiP÷mLӅ €jgVemFT’^êûf!\mϔnunûvwmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘ڟƵmLÓi ϔi10÷mLӅ€jgVe„mFT’^"RmRgŠŒ!HƔåmKÍKåLP’o! æzhg¯ljnæÔJ­Ú®_PfniN!næàJ­Ú®„£iT’‘RgKmFT’^" \S næÔJ­Ú®Ìà¾vö íà¾Ï” à¾Ï” S Ì j « — « s s n û êl–Œnæ Š¾m½Ïl 73(2.42)** 59(2.73)** 14(0.77) 84(4.07)*** -11(-0.47) êl–Œnæ Š¾mÁ¦ 7403(1.42) 2891(0.77) 4537(1.44) 8809(2.46)** -1388(-0.33) 蔀 -514563(-3.02) -405120(-3.37) -110172(-109) -577111(-5.01) 63000(0.46) ©Rx²®Ï~ ˆèW” 0.3096 0.2965 0.0723 0.5977 0.0256 HƔåmtÁ ¿lzm½Ïl 8(2.16)** 5(1.90)* 2(1.18) 12(5.91)*** -5(-1.87)* HƔåm¬·¦ 2161(1.72) 1101(1.14) 1066(1.45) 871(1.16) 1292(1.39) 蔀 -87176(-2.22) -92415(-3.05) 5189(0.22) -81734(-3.47) -5311(-0.18) ©Rx²®Ï~ ˆèW” 0.3356 0.2164 0.1447 0.7054 0.1093 »¢Æ”åmtÁ ¿lzm½Ïl 9(2.35)** 6(2.02)* 3(1.28) 15(6.32)*** -5(-1.81)* »¢Æ”åm¬·¦ 1143(2.06)* 669(1.56) 475(1.39) 504(1.53) 640(1.48) 蔀 -35715(-1.09) -62696(-2.48) 27044(1.34) -40034(-2.06) 4485(0.18) ©Rx²®Ï~ ˆèW” 0.3967 0.2842 0.1449 0.7372 0.1112 ij ***!**!*n\’]’P÷!T÷!10÷m…€fvIjLÓfA‘Rg˜¦X"‡Êàn!t l" »¢ÆnHƔåm”ªW‡fA‘RgJ‹!\m„v‹ÊnHƔågz{¯Wjib^" ­VÙi‘_n!uHÆm¬·¦vKuSÌvmJ­Ú®˜à¾X‘LÓiϔi10÷mLÓ …€jgVemFT’^RgfA‘"ÁGe!u»¢ÆmtÁ¿lzm½ÏlvmñAW”K uHÆmtÁ¿lzm½ÏlvmñAW”ŠŒ„ÍJfnA‘KåLCRgJ‹!HÆm†f „»¢ÆngŒ•P½NmJ­Í˜qLcP‘RgK¦´T’‘" næÔJ­Ú®mà¾vöjÖX‘„v‹Êml@˜sbeL^K!ï‡Ij©’o!Àà i·mãÏ”gVepC^un抾m½Ïlv†utÁ¿lzm½ÏlvnAÆ@ïm㠝ϔgVepC^un抾mÁ¦v†uHÆm¬·¦vŠŒ„!J­Í˜øLcP‘å LivöjibeC‘RgKmFT’^"Xi•`!u½ÏlvgCEµÄ¿ªIvfmûK uÁ¦v†u¬·¦vf\•T’‘ÑéôIvfŠŒ„!J­Ú®˜KèX‘vfjibe C‘RgK¦´T’‘"Rmvö˜¾mjà¾X‘Rgn¢ïfA‘K!êclG‹’‘Rg

n!Á¦†¬·¦gCb^ÑéôIϔmê‡!96Ng2000NmÔj²}’eC‘97N!98 N!99Nmn抾†HƔåmtÁ¿lzKnæÔJ­Ú®Êj\ª½fT’eCiC°’ KA‘mjÎV!½ÏlgCb^µÄ¿ªIϔmê‡jn!97N!98N!99N˜Üƒ^96N J‹2000N}fm5NÔmŠ¾†tÁ¿lzK½fT’^ϔjibeC‘J‹fniCJg CERgfA‘" TD‹ê {en!80NãÈ~!©R»­ô˜ÊWeHÆ»˜}beL^Ìï«åóá˜æŒãQe! ¯‘mYÆÔIŠrnæÔJ­Ú®mK͆vö˜èÊIjŸØV^"RmŸØ˜ÊWe!ô cJm»¡[C_K­©T’^K!†f„dvi­©mêcn!žnñfYÆÔmJ­Ú®Ê ˜„vV^‹Ê!Ìï«åóámßã»iHÆ»jwm]·_K80Nãã¼J‹90N㉠ƒjJPefAb^RgK•Jb^"„Eêcmdvi­©n!Àài·mãÏ”gVep C^un抾m½Ïlv†utÁ¿lzm½ÏlvgCb^êíµÄ¿ªIiϔmzEK! AÆ@ïmãÏ”gVepC^uÁ¦v†u¬·¦vgCb^ÑéôIϔŠŒ„!J­ ͘øLcP‘åLià¾vöjibeC‘RgKmFT’^RgfA‘" cT’^¤†Û脽C"\mêcn!èʪÍm¸x˜ãQ‘RgfA‘"J­Ú®Êm „v˜sE^ƒjeYƆenæm©R¬·¦˜êègX‘¼è˜IC^Œ!}^­iC±ï Óç”fJ­Ú®mvöjÖX‘vʪ͘sEih!„v‹Êm¸kTjÖVemâèK¡ ñmªÍfn¥@fLiC"Rmâ蘎žX‘jn!¡ãmJ­·ï±µmö§˜Òbe! Ãô»m±ïÓ甘†XRgfA‘"}^Êmû@gVe!{efsb^ŠEi򻎻 Í_PfniN!J­ÒmAÆs®†Ú®RihjÖX‘Â[Ãô»˜ûWVe!Ûªéª Í˜sERg„lG‹’‘" æñmÛèn!HƔåw¬üV^J­Ím¿˜¾‹JjX‘RgfA‘"{¤†m„v‹ Êf„¦T’^ŠEj!Ìï«åóámHƔåmÙpzûÍn¼‘gärVe„iij‚ Jb^K!\’nPj¯‘mõ¿iJ­ÍgCEärDÊjNöX‘ÃwIݦǶܘŸØ V^mjßMiC"´i1985jn»Ÿ˜áj“Qe!\m‘Ksêå`oÏmgg~jICe J­WñIiûüwmZpIð˜sbe„!J­Ùpm`ÔnZú_ñ^fAŒ!±IiZ piàjgbenڟƵme¿˜„^‹XgwEV^"Xi•`!Ìï«åóájICe „HÆ»wm]·_È~mJ­WñIYÆKhmŠEi®ÔIßö˜oe!J­Ím¶Yø¦ †Z\mü㘄^‹VeC‘J˜¾‹JjX‘RgndvfA‘" æOmÛèn!ŸïѤôÚç”å!Áj±ôϵÆmŸïѤôÚç”åwmJ­Ú®˜ ¾‹JjX‘RgfA‘"½NmJ­rã‘jICen!_ºJ‹mJ­ÍnTVe³ç…€

†Z\…€„áN!HƔåmgDIYÆjiW}Y!ärI‚Š¾f!ÀèIiѤôÚç ”åwmAEn¢ïfAb^"ssmHƔåK­WX‘g¤j!ŸïѤôÚç”儝B X‘RgjiŒ!^gGò«iJ­ðfAbe„!_ºJ‹mñnûJ­ÒnŸïѤôÚ ç”åmEjAJU‘˜¾iJb^"i’ìi1982j!nÓi1985aj!câi1989jj"J­sê K½IfAb^Œ!gD»T’eCiCê‡!_ƔåJ‹mJ­ÒnHƔåmsêjX OjQüfL‘mfniN!sÀèiŸïѤôÚç”åfmAƘViK‹!ѤôÚç” åmsêjQüfL‘mfA‘"{¤†jICe„!ŸïѤôÚç”åwmJ­Ú®jÖV enzg™hG’eI‹Y!¡ãRmÛèjæŒg‚KvKA‘"

ASEAN †›´› NICs gäxe!Ìï«åóámŠEi›´›mÅn‘jÖX‘¤†~ Ïnx’eC‘"cT’^¤†Ûèn½CK!{¤†KÌï«åóámoÏ­W†YÆ\¢ m]·jºEÙp\¢mÏ»˜ŸØX‘Ž_jiŒ!¡ãm¤†WJKúÒT’‘"  PjÌï«åóámÙpâèjcCeú{êf‘J’^”­iC¤†_¶gVe!àci2004j†R` i2006jihK“Q‹’‘" Qj°ôçÅÚïE±¿ªµjŠ’oiwT§¼ŸàÞïÅx2006N11Ž19ú†j!Ìï«åóán BRICs mŠEi‚¬·˜À»fL!¢EoÏm\}jÏ»˜y{XÂ\«TGA‘gwEVeC‘" Rj®!Clark jŠ‘YƪÞmè`jŠbe!HƔånuzÆv!u»¢Æv!udCE§µE…vušÝv ˜Ü‚YƔå˜wV!±ôϵƔånu¤ÆEùHE×Âçv!u^AEÊME¨¬v!uàZEs ®Yv!uÐï±ôϵv!u\m¼v˜Ü‚YƔå˜wX" SjAV!89NjIP‘_ƔåmÀàmLrn100Njêxg„¾•’^å^…me¿„Abe!6.3÷ j~}b^" Tj96NjICe15ÎÈãm±ôϵÆf­NJ­Ò”1312œlmà!ŸïѤôÚç”åf­CeC‘ J­Ò”nSÌm71.1÷jŠ–X‘934œl˜èƒeC^iReport on Labour Force Survey in Ban­ gladesh 1995„96j" UjnÓjŠ’o!ÁdÙpe«lmûK–YYÆm¶YÁjºEÙpÁKoÏSÌmÙpjhmö xme¿Í˜cJ˜ŸØX‘jnLøfA‘" Vj85|86NmJ­·ï±µfnAJlûK10ÎÈã˜ÎÛgVeIŒ!}^90|91NmJ­·ï±µf nAJlûK¦T’^næKSnæm~fAb^^ƒ!Ãô»gVepC‘RgKfLiJb^" Wju—«vgussvmJ­Ú®mŠÖW”n0.54fAb^"

O‘êQl¶£

Azis, I.J. The Increasing Role of the Urban Non­formal Sector in Indonesia: Empirical Analysis within a Multisectoral Framework, in Urbanization in Large Developing Countries : China, Indonesia, Brazil, and India, eds. ByJones, G.W. and Visaria Pravin, Claredon Press, 1997.

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Statistical Yearbook of Bangladesh 1976, 1982, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, and 2004, Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Report on Labour Force Survey in Bangladesh 1995­96 and 1999­2000, Ban­ gladesh Bureau of Statistics.

Fei, C.H. and Ranis, G. Development of the Labor Surplus Economy: Theory and Policy, Richard D. Irwin Inc., 1964.

Harris, J.R. and Todaro, M.P. Migration, Unemployment and Development: A Two Sector Analysis, American Economic Review, Vol.60, No.1, March 1970.

Hicks, J.R. The Theory of Wage Determinants, Macmillan, 1932.

Jorgenson, D.W. Testing Alternative Theories of the Development of a Dual Economy, in The Theory and Design of Economic Development, eds. byAdelman, I. and Thorbecke, E., Johns Hopkins Press, 1966. Lewis, Arthur. Economic Development with Unlimited Supplies of labor, The Manchester School of Econom­

ic and Social Studies, Vol.22, No.2, May, 1954.

Stark, O, Taylor, J.E., and Yitzhaki, S. Migration, Remittances, and Inequality: A Sensitivity Analysis Us­ ing the Extended Gini Index, Journal of Development Economics, Vol.28, No3, 1988.

Taylor, J.E. and Martin, P. L. Human Capital: Migration and Rural Population Change, in Handbook of Agricultural Economics, eds. byGardner, B.L. and Rausser, G.C., Elsevier Science, 1998.

Thijs, G. Child Labour: Trends and Challenges in Asia, IPEC Asia Papers No.3, 1997.

Todaro, M.P. Internal Migration in Developing Countries: A Surveyin Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries, in Population and Economic Change in Developing Countries, ed. byEasterlin, R.A., Universityof Chicago Press, 1980.

ú{êQl¶£ àcqåuÌï«åóámoÏ­WgAÆ\¢mÏ»vwÖ¼O‘êåw¤†_Wxæ79†!2004NQ Ž" àcqåuÌï«åóájIP‘lI‘¹ÇEJ­gZ\`¬\\éÆ[J‹mªÍiºjvwÖ¼O ‘êåw¤†_Wxæ82†!2005NWŽ" àcqåuÌï«åóájIP‘O‘¼ÚŠ‘m»µg\’K„^‹XÐïâèvwl ³çvz¤†x æX†!2006NRŽ"

er^vu_HÔJ­Ú®gJ­sêm«i\ќæÐïm–ávnӘvÒw›´›”‘oÏ­Wm@ \g\¢x›´›oϤ†Š!1985N"

T§¼ŸàÞïÅwWorld Voice ¢EmÙ©†óIŒmã˜ÇEuɪµÄEŸèÒïvV»11sêj ÚZŠ BRICs m½¼ÒK©‘Ÿmåðx94†!2006N11Ž19ú!23Öô´" câqYҘwŒì›´›mJ­gJ­Ò`¬x¤‘[!1989N" ´mVîu»Ÿ‘jIP‘HÆ»íªgJ­sê|VÃThIJ­íªmá»IŸ¢vnӘvÒw›´ ›”‘oÏ­Wm@\g\¢x›´›oϤ†Š!1985N" {äiE¼cWçuYÆÔJ­ÍÚ®g\mvöv{äiÒwÊÝë@ãmŸïÅɳ›_ºoÏxú{ ]_Ð!2004N" R`CjuAowüJ­Ä_Fã­­Wrã‘mJ­WñIHÆ­WmÂ\«vw‘¯oÏGxæ193ª æP†!2006NPŽ" µP½w†‘mlûÚ®g¯H|ÚªéEÛªéEÃô»jîdNvʪÍx¤‘[!2005N" ’ìqwݨ³¯oÏ_xå¾°!1982N" gº^qwÚèô³›moÏ­WgJ­Í\¢x@­åwoÅÇ!1998N" nӘvҘiajw›´›”‘oÏ­Wm@\g\¢x›´›oϤ†Š!1985N" nӘv˜ibjw¬·m›´›!âØm›´›xŒmoÏVñÐ!1985N" iE`_Eg„q“ ‘Û¾êw”y³öj