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(2) I Read t h ef o l l o w i n g two p a s s a g e s and c h o o s et h e most a p p r o p r i a t e word o rp h r a s ef o r e a c hi t e m (1~ 1 4 ) . Markyourc h o i c e s (a~ d) ont h es e p a r a t eanswers h e e t . (A). I ti so f t e nb e l i e v e dt h a tJ a p a ni s amonol i n g u a l and ( 1 )s o c i e t y . However, t h i s. sc a l l e di n t oq u e s t i o nbyt h ee x i s t e n c e ofr e s i d e n t s from d i v e r s el i ng u i s t i c mythof ( 2 ) i and e t h n i cb a c k g r o u n d s ,i n c l u d i n gi n d i g e n o u sp e o p l e s( i . e . ,t h e Ainu and t h e Ok i nawans ); m u l t i g e n e r a t i o n a le t h n i cm i n o r i t i e s ofKorean and C h i n e s ed e s c e n t who came d u r i n gt h ee r a ofJ a p a n e s ec o l o n i a l i s m ;r e p a t r i a t e sfrom China ,i n c l u d i n gJ a p a n e s e waro r p h a n s( z a n r y i tk o j i ), r e m a i n i n g women ( z a n r y uf i t j i n ) , and t h e i rf a m i l y members; " n i k k e i "( J a p a n e s e d e s c e n t ) e t h n i cr e t u r nm i g r a n t s from S o u t h America and t h e i rf a m i l i e s( e . g . ,B r a z i l i a n s ,P e r u v i a n s , Bol i v i a n s ) ; gue s two r k e r s from Asianna t i o n s and o t h e rp a r t s oft h ew o r l d ; and i n t e r n a t i o na l s t u d e n t spr e d o m i n a n t l yfromAsianc o u n t r i e s ,t o ( 3 ) af e w . D e s p i t es u c hd i v e r s i t y ,f o r e i g nl a n g u a g ei n s t r u c t i o ni ns c h o o l s and u n i v e r s i t i e si s dominated by E n g l i s h- an i n t e r n a t i o n a ll a n g u a g ep a re x c e l l e n c e deemed t o be c r i t i c a lf o r work and s t u d yi nt h e ( 4 )s o c i e t y .U n d e r l y i n gt h i s dominance i st h ea s s umption t h a t E n g l i s hl i n k sa l lp e o p l e from d i v e r s ef i r s t l a n g u a g eb a c k g r o u n d sa c r o s st h ew o r l d . However, t h el i n g u i s t i cande t h n i cd i v e r s i t yd e s c r i b e de a r l i e ri mpl i e st h a tn o n J a p a n e s er e s i d e n t si nJ a p a n n g l i s hs p e a k e r s and t h a tJ a p a n e s e ,r a t h e rt h a nE n g l i s h ,f u n c t i o n sa sa a r en o t ( 5 )E fn o tt ocommunica t ew i t hl o c a ln o n l i n g u af r a n c ai n mostcommunicativec o n t e x t si nJ a p a n .I. J a p a n e s er e s i d e n t si nJ a p a n ,c o u l dt h ep u r p o s e ofl e a r n i n gE n g l i s hbe t oi n t e r a c tw i t hp e o p l e u n c t i o na s an i n t e r n a t i o n a ll ingua f r a n c ai ns u c h ou t s i d e ofJ a p a n ? Does E n g l i s h ( 6 )f fn o t , what s h o u l d be t a u g h ti nE n g l i s h a s a f o r e i g n l a n g u a g ec l a s s r o o m s ? These s i t u a t i o n s ?I. q u e s t i o n sr e q u i r es c h o l a r s ,e d u c a t o r s , and pol icy makers t or e t h i n kt h ef u n d a m e n t a lp u r p o s e andu l t i m a t eg o a l ofl e a r n i n g af o r e i g nl a n g u a g ea sp a r tofs c h o o lo ru n i v e r s i t yc u r r i c u l aand a s ( 7 )l e a r n i n gi nt h ewor kp l a c e . (AdaptedfromRyukoK u b o t a , "Paradox e sofL e a r n i n gE n g l i s hi nM u l t i l i n g u a lJ a p a n . ") ※W eb 公開にあたり 、著作権者の要謂により下記に出典追記をしております。 1 . （a） o n o c u l t u r a l )monochroma t i c (b) m. (c) m o n o s y l l a b i c. (d)monotonous. 2 . (a) complexity. (b) homogene1ty. (c)monogamy. (d) m u l t i p l i c i t y. 3 . (a) age. (b)d a t e. (c) name. (d) t i t l e. 4 . (a) c e n t r a l i z e d. (b) g l o b a l i z ed. (c) ma r g i n a l i z e d. (d) r a t i o n a l iz ed. r b i t r a r i l y 5 . (a) a r a n k l y 6 . (a) f. (b) f u n d a m e n t a l l y. (c) n e c e s s a r iI y. (d)u l t i m a t e l y. (h)o s t e n t a t i o u s l y. (c) t h o u g h t f u l l y. (d)u n i v e r s al l y. 7 . (a) compu l s i v e. (h) l i f e l o n g. (c)l i v e l y. (d)p a r t i a l. ※C o p y r i g h tc2015、F r o mP a r a d o x e so fL e a r n i n gE n g l i s hi nM u l t i l i n g u a l J a p a nb yR y u k oK u b o t a ( b o o ke d i t e db yI k u k oN a k a n e , E m iO t s u j i , a n dW i l l i a m S .Ar m o u r. R e p r o d u c e db yp e r m i s s i o no fT a y l o ra n dF r a n c i sGr ou p ,L L C , ad i v i s i o no fI n f o r map i e. 2. ―-.
(3) (B). When p r e s e n t e dw i t h what l o o k s ,f o ra l lt h e( 8 ) ,l i k e ac l o s e dq u e s t i o n,f o r. e x a m p l e , one which a l l o w sf o rtwo p o s s i b l ea n s w e r s--e i t h e ry e so r no- t h emost common r e s p o n s ei s ,n a t ur a l l ye n o u g h ,t oc h o o s e one oft h e s etwo a n s w e r s . Whena s k e d ,f o re x a m p l e , w h e t h e roneb e l i e v e si nt r u t h ,o rj u s t i c e ,o rGod, o rw h a t e v e rt h es u b j e c th a p p e n st ob e , one e e l sc o m p e l l e dt oa n s w e re i t h e ri nt h ea f f i r m a t i v eo ri nt h en e g a t i v e .T h i s a l m o s t ( 9 )f a t t i t u d e ( 1 0 ) al o to fu n p l e a s a n t conve r s a t i o n s- n o tt o me n t i o nag r e a td e a lo fmessy t h i n k i n g . The p r o b l e m , Iam q u i t ec e r t a i n ,i sn o ts o much・ i nt h e answer a si nt h eq u e s t i o n . More o f t e nt h a nt h a t , and p e r h a p sa l w a y si nt h ec a s e of s u c h(11) s u b j e c t sa s ,s a y , i m p l ey e so r no a n s w e r . To j u s t i c e and God, one c a n n o t- n a y ,s h o u l d not — expect a s a s s u m e ,i nr e l a t i o nt ob e l i e fo ro p i n i o n ,t h a tt h e r ea r eb u t 詞 os t a t e s ofm i n d ,n a m e l y ,b e l i e f o rd i s b e l i e f ,i s am i s t a k eone must ( 1 2 ) mo s tz e a l o u s l yt or e c t i f y ,a tl e a s ti no n e ' s own t h i n l < i n g .T h e r ei s at h i r ds t a t eo fm i n d :s u s p e n s i o nofb e l i e fo ro p i n i o n . When n e x t you a r e 廿r a c l e so rmonst e r s , remembert h a t , a s k e dw h e t h e ro rn o tyoub e l i e v ei ng h o s t so rg o d s ,i nr. i fs oi n c l i n e d , you may f o r e s t a l lp r o n o u n c i n gjudgment on s u c ht o p i c s ,e i t h e ri n d e f i n i t e l yo r (13) s u c h at i m ea s yo uf e e lc e r t a i n one way o rt h eo t h e r . Id a r es a y ,t h e more s e r i o u s l y you t a k ey o u r s e l f ,t h e more c a r e f u l l y you s t r i v et oc l a r i f yy o u r own t h o u g h t s and (14), t h e more you s h a l l come t of i n dt h a ts u s p e n s i o no fb e l i e fi sc l o s e rt ot h et r u t h t h a nas i m p l ey e so rn o . 8. (a) a s p e c t s. (h) t ime. (c) way. (d) world. 9 . (a) i n e v i t a b l y. (h) i n s u r m o u n t a bl y. (c) i n v e c t i v e l y. (d) i n vi a b l y. e a d st o 1 0 . (a) l. (b)p l a y so u t. (c) r e s o r t st o. (d) t r i e so u t. 11 . (a) l a b o r i o u s. (b) l a n g u i d. (c) l o f t y. (d) l u x u r i o u s. 1 2 . (a) e f f u s e. (b) e n d e a v o r. (c) e n t e r p r i s e. (d) e n t r e n c h. 1 3 . (a) a r o u n d. (b) b e f o r e. (c) beyond. (d) u n t i l. )c o n f e c t i o n s 1 4. （a）. (b) c o n t o r t 1 0 n s. （c） Jc o n v e c t i o n s. (d) c o n v i c t i o n s. -—- 3.
(4) I Read t h ef o l l o w i n gt h r e ep a s s a g e s and mark t h e most a p p r o p r i a t ec h o i c e (a~ d)f o r e a c hi t e m (15~24) ont h es e p a r a t eanswers h e e t .. ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. AdaptedfromTimO l i v e r , 1 5 . Accordingt ot h ep a s s a g e ,whichoft h ef o l l o w i n gi st r u e ? (a)'B r e x i t ' ,o rB r i t i s he x i t ,i sac o i n a g ew i t hno s i m i l a rp r e c e d e n t .. ti sr e l a t i v e l yc l e a rwhe n andhowt h etermB r e x i tbegant obeu s e d. (b) I (c) The OED i st h ef i r s td i c t i o n a r yt oi nc l u d et h ewordB r e x i t . (d) Whatr e s u l t e dfromB r e x i ti sd e f i n e di nt h eOED. 1 6 . Thea u t h o rsugg e s t st h a t (a) A r t i c l e 50i st h emain c a u s ewhicht r i g g e r e dBr e x i t . t a t e sm i g h tf o l l o w・ Br i t a i nt ol e a v e . (b) o t h e rEUmembers (c) t h ef u l lr a n g eofe x i tnego t i a t i o n si ss howni nA r t i c l e50 . (d) wespends u f f i c i e n tt i m eg r a s p i n gt hemeaningofB r e x i t .. ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. , r e x i t .. 4.
(5) ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. ( Adaptedf r o mJ o h nGordonM e l t o n ," S p i r i t u a l i s m . " ) 1 7 . Whichoft h ef o l l o w i n gi st r u e ,a c c o r d i n gt ot h ep a s s a g e ? (a) R e c e i v i n g m e s s a g e s f r o m s p i r i t s was c o n s i d e r e d t o be u l t i m a t e l y t h e o r e t i c a l l y i n e x p l i c a b l e . (b) S p i r i t sw e r es a i dt obea b l et oa p p e a ri nb o d i l yforma ts e a n c e s . (c) S p i r i t u a l i s t sa r et h o s ewhoc a na l l e g e d l ys p e a kt od e a dp e o p l e . (d) S p i r i t u a l i s t su s e ds u c hmediumsa sd i s p l a y s ,p i c t u r e s , andp h o t o g r a p h i cp l a t e s . 1 8 . Whicho ft h ef o l l o w i n gi st r u e ,a c c o r d i n gt ot h ep a s s a g e ? 皿 o th e a lt h es a d n e s sb r o u g h ta b o u tbyt h ed e a t h ofo n e ' sd e a r e s t (a) Even s p i r i t u a l i s mc a. p e r s o n s . (h) M a t e r i a l i s mh a sc o m p e l l e dsomep e o p l et od i s b e l i e v ei nal i f ea f t e rd e a t h . (c) S p i r i h 1 a l i s mc o n s i s t sofi n q u i s i t i v e n e s sa n dp e s s i m i s ma b o u ti m m o r t a l i t y . (d) T r a d i t i o n a lC h r i s t i a n i t yh a sp r o v i d e ds p i r i t u a l i s t sw i t har e n e w e dformo fr e l i g i o n . 1 9 . Whichoft h ef o l l o w i n gi sNOT i m p l i e di nt h ea u t h o r' sc o n c l u s i o n ? (a) A c c e p t i n go rr e j e c t i n gs p i r i t u a l i s mf a l l ss h o r to fo b j e c t i v i t y. (b)Bo t ha d v o ca t e sa n do p p o n e n t so fs p i r it u a l i s mh a v eapa s s i o n a t ec o mm i t men t . (e) S p o i r r i i t t u u a a l i l i s mh a sn o tr e c e i ve dadi s i n t e r e s t e de v a l u a t i o n . (d) The e v i d e n c et op r o veo rd i s p r o v es p i r it u a l i s mc a n n o tb ed i s c o v e r e d .. - -5 - -.
(6) ※この問題は、著作権の関係により掲載ができません。. AdaptedfromR i c h a r dD a w k i n s , The B l i n dW a t c h m a k e r .. 6.
(7) 2 0 .D a n d e l i o n sa n dwonns (a) a r ec o m p l i c a t e di nt h esamewaya shumanso re v e na l i e n sf r o mo u t e rs p a c ea r e . (b) c a nb ef o u n da l la c r o s st h el r n o w nu n i v e r s e . (c) maya p p e a rt obec o m p l i c a t e db u ti nf a c tt h e ya r ev e r ys i m p l e ,l i k er o c k sa n dc l o u d s . (d) n e e dt obed i s c u s s e dande x p l a i n e ds e p a r a t e l yf r o mo t h e rcomplex l i vi ngt h i n g s . 2 1 .I ti st h ea u t h o r ' sb e l i e ft h a tc o m p l i c a t e dt h i n g s ,s u c ha sc a r so rc o m p u t e r s , (a) a r en o tofi n t e r e s tb e c a u s et h e yw e r ed e s i g n e df o ras p e c i f i cp u r p o s e . (h)mayb ed i s c u s s e da sb e i n gap a r tofb i o l o g ye v e nt h o u g ht h e ya r en o ta l i v e . (c) r e a l l yb e l o n gt ot h es t u d yofp h y s i c s .. ( c l )s h o u l db ec o n s i d e r e da sd i s t i n c tf r o mt h es t u d y ofb i o l o g y . 2 2 . .S c i e n t i s t swho s p e c i a l i s ei nt h es t u d yofa n i m a l s (a) b e l i e v et h a thumansa r emorec l o s e l yr e l a t e dt ol o b s t e r st h a nt h e ya r et of i s h . (b) h a v er e a c h e dac o n s e n s u st h a tl o b s t e r ss h o u l db ec l a s si f i e da sat y p eofi n se c t . (c) now u n d e r s t a n dt h a ti n s e c t smustn e v e rbec o n s i d e r e da sa n i m a l s . (d) wouldn o ta c c e p tl o b s t e r sbe i n gd e s c r i b e da sf i s h . 2 3 .A c c o r d i n gt ot h ea u t h o r , (a) l a n g u a g ea ndv o c a b u l a r ya r ec l e a r l yb o t hbi o l o g i c a lo b j e c t s . (h) l a w y e r sandc o o k sa r ee x a m p l e so fpr o f e s si o na l swho d on o tu s ew o r d sc a r e f u l l y . (c) t h emeaningo fa n ywordi ss a c r e da nds h o u l dn e v e rbea l t e r e d . (d)wordsa r et o o l st h a twec a na d a p tt ob e s ts u i to u rimmed i a t epu r p o se . 2 4 . Mach i n e sa r es a i dt ob ea ni n d i c a t i o no ft h ee x i s t e n c eo fl i f eb e c a u s e 皿 do no t h e rp l a n e t s . (a)s e v e r a lcomple xmachi ne sha v eb e e nf o. (b)somef o r mo fl i f ewouldben e c e ss a r yt oi n i t i a tet h ecompl e xd e s i g no fama c h i n e . (c)t h e s ecomplexmech a n i c a lo b j e c t sa r ep r e d i c t e dt or e p l a c eb i o l o g i c a ll i f ei nt h ef u t u r e . (d) t h e ya r eo f t enf o u n di npl a c e sw h e r et h e r ea r enof o s s i l s ,s k e l e t o n s ,o rde a dbod i e s .. 7 ---.
(8) i l Choose t h e most a p p r o p r i a t es e n t e n c e from t h ef o l l o w i n gl i s t (a~ h)f o re a c hi t e m (25~31). Marky o u rc h o i c e son t h es e p a r a t ea n s w e rs h e e t .. (a) But t h e yh a v eb e e nd e c e i v e dby t h el i m i t e dm e n u s ,h e a v i l ya d a p t e dt oW e s t e r nt a s t e s , t h e yf i n di nC h i n e s er e s t a u r a n t s . (b) From c o n s u m e r s of b o i l e d whole g r a i n s ,t h eC h i n e s ea l s o became e a t e r s of p a s t a , t l a t b r e a d s ,a n db r e a d . (c) H o w e v e r ,t h eE u r o p e a n st a u g h tt h eC h i n e s e how t o make p a s t ap r o d u c t si n av a r i e t y off o r m s . (d) I nc o n t r a s t ,t h eC h i n e s ef o u n dt h e m s e l v e si nat o t a l l yo p p o s i t es i t u a t i o n . (e) I t was a newcomer, e s p e c i a l l yi nc o m p a r i s o nw i t hm i l l e t , ag r a i nc l e a r l yo fC h i n e s e o r i g i na n dr e a d i l yu s a b l ea sf o o d .. twass ou n f a m i l i a r ,i nf a c t ,t h a tt h ee a r l i e s ts o u r c e s don o td i s t i n g u i s hb e t w e e nw h e a t (f) I andb a r l e y ;b o t hg r a i n swered e s c r i b e dw i t ht h e samet e r m ,m a i . (g) Noto n l ywere t h ee n v i r o n m e n t a landw e a t h e rc o n d i t i o n sofn o r t h e r nChinai l l s u i t e dt o wheata sac r o p ,t h et e c h n i c a lc o n t e x ts u i t a b l ef o rt h ep r o c e s s i n gofm i l l e twase q u a l l y i n h o s p i t a b l e . (h) Thes i m i l a r i t i e sb e t w e e nC h i n aandt h eM e d i t e r r a n e a nb a s i nendt h e r e ,h o w e v e r . e s p i t ean E u r o p e a n si n v e n t e dp a s t al a t e ,e v e nt h o u g hc o n d i t i o n sf a v o r e dt h e m . ( 25) D a g r i c u l t u r a le n v i r o n m e n tt h a t was a n y t h i n gb u tf a v o r a b l et ot h em a n u f a c t u r e ofw h e a t b a s e d p a s t a ,t h e yw e r ef a m i l i a rw i t hw h e a t b a s e dp a s t al o n gb e f o r et h eE u r o p e a n s . ManyW e s t e r n e r sb e l i e v et h a tC h i n e s ep a s t ap r o d u c t sa r ef o rt h emostp a r tb a s e don r i c e o rt h es t a r c ho ft h e mungb e a n andt h a tt h eb r i g h tw h i t ec o l o rofr i c e f l o u rn o o d l e sa n dt h e t r a n s p a r e n t a p p e a r a n c e of b e a n s t a r c h v e r m i c e l l i r e p r e s e n t t h e f u l l e x t e n t of C h i n e s e a c c o m p l i s h m e n ti nt h i sa r e a . (26 )I nt r u t h ,i nC h i n a ,j u s ta sa r o u n dt h eM e d i t e r r a n e a n , t h eh i s t o r yo fp a s t ap r o d u c t sb e g i n sw i t h wheat and t h e r e f o r ew i t h wheatp a s t a.P a s t a made from o t h e rg r a i n s comes o n l y much l a t e r . (27) I nt e r m so fg r a i n s ,t h e two c i v i l i z a t i o n s off o o da r ev i r t u a lo p p o s i t e si ne v e 1 yw a y ,e v e ni ft h eg r e a t Han Empire ( 2 0 6B . C . A . D . 2 2 0 )a n da n c i e n tRome weren o te n t i r e l yu n a w a r eo fe a c ho t h e randwere l i n k e d by i n d i r e c t r e l a t i o n s . The C h i n e s e ,o r・ a tl e a s tt h e more w e l l t o d oC h i n e s e ,a l r e a d ye n j o y e dd i n i n g on l a o w a n ,r a v i o l i , whent h e i rc o n t e m p o r a r i e s on t h ef a r end oft h eE u r a s i a nc o n t i n e n twere a s y e tu n a c q u a i n t e dw i t hs t u f f e dp a s t a . Y e t ,i na ni n t e r e s t i n gp a r a d o x ,w h i l en o r t h e r n Ch i n a was t h eb i r t h p l a c e and s i t e oft h e e a r l yc u l t i v a t i o no ft h e two l e a d i n gs p e c i e so fm i l l e t , which c o n s t i t u t e dt h es u b s i s t e n c es t a p l e oft h ee n t i r ep o p u l a t i o nt h r o u g hp r e h i s t o r y ,a n t i q u i t y ,a n df o ra l o n gt i m et h e r e a f t e r ,w h e a t was a l i t t l e k n o w nf o r e i g np l a n t . (28) F u r t h e r m o r e ,i ti sd i f f i c u l tt or e c o n s t r u c tt h e v a r i o u sp h a s e so ft h ed e v e l o p m e n to fwheata l o n gt h em i d d l ea n d low e rc o u r s eoft h eYellow 8.
(9) R i v e r , ar e g i o nl o n gc o n s i d e r e da st h ec r a d l e of C h i n e s ec i v i l i z a t i o n . We do know t h a t a r o u n d 3000 B . C . wheat was c e r t a i n l y grown i nt h ef a rn o r t h w e s t e r n pa r t of G a n s u .T h i s c o n s t i t u t e st h ee a r l i e s te v i d e n c eo fhumanu s eo fcommonwheati na no u t l y i n gr e g i o noft h e C h i n e s ew o r l d ,t h o u g ht h e r ei sa l m o s t no i n d i c a t i o no fi t su s ea saf o o d s t u f f . ( 29 ) I n d e e d , when wheat a r r i v e d from t h eW e s t ,i tc r o s s e dp a t h sw i t hv a r i o u st y p e s of m i l l e t , whichwerei nt h e i rt u r ns p r e a d i n gw e s t w a r d . A l li n d i c a t i o n st e l lu st h a tt h ei n t r o d u c t i o n oft h e new g r a i no c c u r r e d wi t hc o n s i d e r a b l e d i f f i c u l t yi nt h eC h i n e s er e g i o n ,a sp r a c t i c a l l y no f a c t o r sf a v o r e di t sa d a p t a t i o n ,i nt erms of bo t h t h ea n c i e n tC h i n e s ea g r i c u l t u r a l s y s t e m a n d d i e t a r y c u s t o m s , ( 30) T h r o u g h o u t a n t i q u i t y ,t h eC h i n e s e had o n l y one t o o la v a i l a b l ef o rt h ep r o c e s si ng ofc e r e a l s :t h em o r t a r andp e s t l e , an i n s t r u m e n tt ha twasp e r f e c t l ys u i t e dt om i l l i ngr i c e ands h e l l i n gm i l l e t ,b o t ho f which w e r et h e nb o i l e d . When wheatandba r l e y became more f a m i l i a ri nt h eC e n t r a lB a s i n of t h e Yellow R i v e r ,a r o u n d1 3 0 0B . C ., t h e y coul do n l yb ep r o c e s s e dw i t ht h et o o l s d e v e l o p e df o rm i l l e t .T h i sm i g h ta c c o u n tf o rt he m i n i m a le n t h u s i a s m among C h i n e s ep e a s a n t s f o rt h ec u l t i v a t i o nofwheat a r o u n dt h es e c o n dc e n t u r yB . C .,s i n c et h ep r o d u c t i o noff l o u rf o r u s ei np r e p a r a t i o n st h a t wer ec o n si d e r e dt o be mor er e f i n e d was c e r t a i n l y beyond t h ei r a b i l i t i e s . Witht h ea p p e a r a n c eo ft he r o t a r ym i l la r o u n dt h ef i f t ho rs i x t hc e n t u r yB . C .,a b o u tt h e same t i m ea si nt h eM e d i t e r r a n e a nb a si n ,i t became p o s s i b l et op r o d u c ef l o u r more q u i c kl y and i ng r e a t e rq u a n t i t i e s , and t h es i t u a t i o nr a p i d l yb e g a nt oc h a n g e , even t h o u g hs o u r c e s docu men tt h o s ec h a n g e so n l y wi t hc o n s i d e r a b l ed e l a y .. Over a p e r i o do fs e v e r a lc e n t u r i e s, b e f o r e anda f t e rt h et u r noft h eC h r i s t i a nE r a ,t h i sp o p u l a t i o n off a r m e r s- p r e v i o u s l ye n t i r e l y unaware o ft h e adva nt a g e s ofwhe a t , ac e r e a lt h a thadno ne o ft h ep r e s t i g e ofmi l l e t , which was d e i f i e da st h e Lord o ft h eH a r v e s t sw i t ht h e name o fP r i n c e Mi l l e t- g r a s p e dt h e r e m a r k a b l ep o t e n t i a l of t h ee l a s t ic a n dm a l l e a b l e dough t h a tc o u l d be c r e a t e d by mi xi n g whea tf l o u randwa t e r . (31) ( Adapted from S i l v a n oS e r v e n t ia n d Fran~oise Sabba n,P a s t a : Th eS t o r yC ! la Universal Food.). - -9.
(10) N Chooset h emosta p p r o p r i a t ewordo rp h r a s e fromt h el i s t (a~ m) f o re a c hi t e m (32~ 3 8 ) . Marky o u rc h o i c e s ont h es e p a r a t ea n s w e rs h e e t . A d e l a i d e : E v e r y t h i n g ' s moved o u t !A l l wehave t od oi sc l e a nt h ea p a r t m e n ta n dr e t u r nt h e k e y s . E d g a r : Whendowe h a v et oc l e a ro u tby?5 pm? u t we c a np u tt h ek e y si nt he d r o pbox a f t e rh o u r s . A d e l a i d e : By m i d n i g h t , (32), b N o b o d y ' l lc h e c k . E d g a r : Oh, t h a t ' s (33). A d e l a i d e: My f r i e n d ' sr u n n i n g some ( 3 4 ) now, b u ts h e ' l lh e l pu ss o on .L e t ' sc a t c h (35) t i l lt h e n . E d g a r : Ohw a i t . . . Havewes e e nt h ec a tr e c e n t l y ? A d e l a i d e : Shemustbeh i d i n gs o m e w h e r e .T i r a m i s uk i t t y ? Wherea r eyou? E d g a r : T i i r a m i s u ?T i r a m i s u : - 30m i n u t e sl a t e r A d e l a i d e : She d i s a p p e a r e d ! We l o o k e de v e r y w h e r e . Did s h ee s c a p ew h i l et h e movers were h e r e ? E d g a r : No w a y ! Wel o c ke dh e ri n s i d et h ebedroom! A d e l a i d e : May b eo n eo ft h emoversopenedt h ed o o r… Theyw叫 d n ' t ( 3 6 )! E d g a r : A d e l a i d e : I tj u s to c c u r r e dt ome... Haveyoul o o k e di n s i d et h ek i t c h e ns i l v e r w a r ed r a w e r ? E d g a r : Howc o u l ds h eg e ti n ?I t ' sc l o s e ds ot i g h t l y . ButIg u e s si tw o u l d n ' t ( 37) t o l o o k . . . Oh, s h e ' sh e r e ! In e v e rwouldh a v ei m a g i n ed i n (38) s h ec o u l dg e t i nt h e r e .Howd i ds h e. . .? A d e l a i d e : The back oft h ed raw e r ' sn o tc o m p l e t e l ys e a l e d . She mus thavejump e d up from t h eb a c k . E d g a r : T i r a m i s u ,you l i t t l et r o u b l e m a k e r ! Yous h o u l dhaveansweredwhen wec a l l e dy o u ! A d e l a i d e : Youdoknowy o u ' r et a l k i n gt oak i t t y ? (a) am i l l i o ny e a r s (b) ar e l i e f (c) d a r e (d) e r r a n d s (e) e x e r c i s e (f) h e r e (g) h u r t (h) o u rb r e a t h (i)r e t r o s p e c t (j) s t r e s s (k) t e c h n i c a l l y (I) t h ec a t (m) work ---1 0.
(11) PLEASEREADTHE INSTRUCTIONSCAREFULLY. V Read t h ef o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e and c o m p l e t et h eE n g l i s h summary i ny o u r own words i n t h es p a c ep r o v i d e d on t h es e p a r a t e answer s h e e t . The b e g i n n i n go ft h e summary i s p r o v i d e d ; you must c o m p l e t ei ti n4 1 0 wor d s.Do n o tu s e more t h a n two c o n s e c u t i v e wordsfromt h i sp a g e . S p o r th a sl o n g hadp r o m i n e n c ei nB r i t i s hc u l t u r e , andt h eways i nwhichi th a sc h a n g e d c a n be r e a da ss y m p t o m a t i c ofkey c h a n g e si nt h es o c i a l and c u l t u r a ll i f e ofB r i t a i n . The r o o t s of a t h l e t i c i s mi nB r i t a i n were p l a n t e di nn i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r yp u b l i cs c h o o l s , which d e v e l o p e ds p o r ta sav e h i c l ef o rt h et r a n s m i s s i o no fm o r a lv a l u e st o newly e d u c a t e d g e n e r a t i o n so fu p p e r c l a s s and m i d d l e c l a s sm a l e s . T h e r e were c e r t a i nb e l i e f s i ns p o r t , p r o d u c i n ga d i s c i p l i n e di n d i v i d u a ll i v i n gby as o c i a l l ya c c e p t a b l eb e h a v i o u r a lc o d e and a c t i n g a c c o r d i n gt oa d e s i r e ds e to fm o r a lv a l u e s . Byt h ef i r s th a l fo ft h et w e n t i e t hc e n t u r y , manly v i g o r o u sp l a yi nh e a l t h ys u r r o u n d i n g s was t h ep r e v e n t i ve t r e a t m e n tf o ra i l m e n t s , and s u c h b e l i e f swere a l s of r a m e di na しm i v e r s a l i s ti m p e r i a l i s ts e n s e ,b e i n gu s e f u lf o rt h et a m i n goft h e i n d i g e n o u sc u l t u r a lp r a c t i c e so fc o n q u e r e dn a t i v ep o p u l a t i o n s . The t r a n s f o r m a t i o n of t h i s t r a d i t i o n a l s p o r t s c u l t u r e was a c c o m p l i s h e d , p a r t i c u l a r l y from t h e m i d t w e n t i e t h c e n t u r y o n w a r d s ,u n d e rt h ei n f l u e n c e of t h ee x p a n d i n g media p r o f i l e of s p o r t , accompanying new f o r m so ff i n a n c e and economy u n d e r p i n n i n gt h ec u l t u r e ofe l i t ep r o f e s s i o n a ls p o r t s , and new f o r m s of s p e c t a t i n g .T e l e v i s i o n and s p o n s o r s h i ph a v e.p r o d u c e dac u l t u r a lt r a n s f o r m a t i o n whereby t h et r a d i t i o n a l ,a m a t e u r ,b e n e v o l e n tp a t e r n a l i s m of s p o r t ' so r g a n i s a t i o n came u n d e r p r e s s u r e from e n t r e p r e n e u r i a li n t e r e s t sa st h ec o n t r a d i c t i o nb e t w e e ns p o r t ' sf i n a n c i a l l yd e p r i v e d o r g a n i s a t i o n s andi t sc o m m e r c i a lp o t e n t i a lw i d e n e d . Byt h el a s ty e a r so ft h et w e n t i e t hc e n t u r y t h et r a d i t i o n a lc u l t u r eo fa t h l e t i c i s mwas l o n gg o n e . (Adap t e dfromAlanT o m l i n s o n ," S p o r t ,L e i s u r e , andS t y l e . " ) ※W eb公開にあたり、著作権者の要請により出典追記しております。. L i m i t e d , B r i t i s hC u l t u r a lS t u d i e sG e o g r a p h y , C u l t u r a lS t u d i e s, e d .B yD a v i d M o r l e ya n dK e v i nR o b i n sN a t i o n a l i t y , 2 0 0 5 , R e p r o d u c e dw i t hp e r m i s s i o no f t h eL i c e n s o rt h r o u g hP L S c l e a r . [ c o m p l e t et h e summary on t h es e p a r a t ea n s w e r -s h e e t ]. SUMMARY:. Consumerism a n dm a r k e tf o r c e si n c r e a s i n g l yd e t e r m i n e dt h es h a p eo fs p o r t ,w h i c h ,i nB r i t a i n , u s e dt o . . .. 〔以下余白〕. ---1 1.
(12) 吾口. 点. I. 採. 名 所定欄以外に受験番号•氏名を. 記人してはならない。記入した 解答用紙は採点の対象外となる 場合がある。. 〈2 020R02141123). 百. 受験番号. I. 氏. ＞. 名 ！： （注意） 所定憫以外に受験番号・氏名を 記入してはならない。記入した 解答用紙は採，点の対象外となる 場合がある。. 欄. ロ. 氏. （注意）. 五口. 英. 百. T. 受験番号. 万. 〈2 0 2 0R02141123〉. Consumerismandm a r k e tf o r c e si n c r e a s i n g l yd e t e r m i n e d t h es h a p eo fs p o r t ,which, i nB r i t a i n ,u s e dt o. 1 1 1 1 0 .. 五ロ. 英. 〈記述解答用紙）. j ※解答欄以外には書かないこと.
(13)
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