Aerodynamics of Road Tunnel Ventilation

ࢺࣥࢿࣝ᥮Ẽࡢ✵ẼຊᏛ

Ỉ㔝 ᫂ဴ^*

Aerodynamics of Road Tunnel Ventilation

Akisato M IZUNO

㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟

⮬ື㌴ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡣ࠶ࡿ㝈ᗘࢆ㉸࠼ࡿᘏ㛗ࡸ஺㏻㔞ࡢࡶ

࡜࡛ࡣ㸪㉮⾜⎔ቃࢆ㐺ษ࡟⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵᶵᲔ᥮Ẽࡀᚲせ

࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ẚ㍑ⓗ▷࠸

(

2km

)

࠾࠸࡚ࡣ

Fig.1 ࡟♧ࡍ⦪ὶ᥮Ẽ㸪㛗኱ࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚

ࡣ

Fig.2 ࡟♧ࡍᶓὶ᥮Ẽ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ㄆ㆑࡛࠶ࡗ

ࡓ㸬ᶓὶ᥮Ẽタഛࡣࢥࢫࢺࡀ࠿࠿ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣞࢻࡀ 㧗࠸࡜ࡉࢀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡶࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞᥮Ẽ᪉ ᘧࡢ౑࠸ศࡅࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪥ᮏ㐨㊰බᅋ࡛

ࡣ㸪ᅜෆ࡛᭱኱つᶍࡢ㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝ㸦Ϩᮇ⥺㸹ᑐ㠃㏻⾜㸹 ᘏ㛗

11km

8.4km

ࡓ㸬ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣇ࢓ࣥ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪❧ᆙ㏦᤼Ẽ࡜㟁Ẽ㞟ሻᶵ ࡀే⏝ࡉࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ

1985(

60)

࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅜෆእࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ඛ➃ⓗ࡞㑅ᢥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬➹⪅ࡣ ࡓࡲࡓࡲࡇࡢ㡭࠿ࡽ᥮Ẽ᳨ウ࡟ຍࢃࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢ

30

30

⚾⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲άື࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠸ࡉࡉ࠿

⮬ศࡢ௙஦ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟࠾ヰࡋࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡈ⌮ゎࢆ

࠸ࡓࡔࡅࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㐨㊰ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢ᥮Ẽ ᢏ⾡ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟グ㏙ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ㸪㕲㐨ࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ࡣ㆟ㄽࡢᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

㸰㸬㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢ᥮Ẽィ⏬

㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⦪ὶ᥮Ẽ᪉ᘧࡢ᥇⏝

㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝ(Ϩᮇ⥺㸹ᬻᐃᑐ㠃㏻⾜)ࡢ᥮Ẽ᳨ウጤဨ

఍࡟ຍࢃࡗࡓࡢࡣ

1979(᫛࿴ 54)ᖺࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ

఩ࢆ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚㸪ᕤᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ࡟ㅮᖌ࡜ࡋ࡚╔௵ࡋࡓࡤ࠿

ࡾࡢ᫬࡟㸪ᛴ࡟ጤဨ఍࡟ຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁ㸪᥮Ẽ᳨ウࡢ࠾

ᡭఏ࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬

11km

ࣥࢿࣝࢆ㸪⦪ὶ࡛᥮Ẽࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࢆఛ ࡗࡓ㸬ᙜ᫬ࡣ

2km

⦪ὶ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᥀๐᩿㠃ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡚῭ࡳ㸪ᘓタࢥࢫࢺ ࡀᢚ࠼ࡽࢀࡿ༙㠃㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅⅆ⅏᫬ࡢᏳ඲☜ಖ࡟ࡣ⣽ᚰ ࡢ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪2୓

kW

ࡶཬࡪ᥮Ẽタഛࢆ㸪࠸࠿࡟ຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ไᚚࡋ㸪᭱ᑠ㝈ࡢ㟁 Ẽ௦࡛ᚲせ࡞᥮Ẽࢆ⾜࠺࠿ࡶ῝้࡞ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬

᥮Ẽࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢᥦ᱌

㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡣ㸪

Fig.3 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ 2

5

48

ཱྀᚄ

1500

࠶ࡿ㸬⚾ࡀ᳨ウ࡟ຍࢃࡗࡓࡢࡣ

1979

6

㏻ࢆ᥍࠼࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ᬻᐃⓗ࡟ᑐ㠃㏻⾜࡛౪⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪

Fig.1 Longitudinal ventilation system.

Fig.2 Transverse ventilation system.

Fig.3 Outline of the ventilation system for the Kan-etsu tunnel.

* ᕤᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ

㸦ࠛ163-8677 ᮾி㒔᪂ᐟ༊す᪂ᐟ1-24-2, E- mail : [email protected] 㸧

䛂㢼Ὕᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ䛸ᛂ⏝䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛃ㅮ₇㞟㻔➨䠍ᅇ䡚➨䠐ᅇ㻕 㻤㻟

㠀ᖖ᫬࡟ࡣ⦪ὶ㢼ࢆṆࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㑊㞴⎔ቃࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ࡜

࠸࠺⪃࠼᪉ࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸬୍᪉㏻⾜ࢺࣥࢿ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪 ⅆ⅏᫬࡟஺㏻᪉ྥ࡬ࡢ᥮Ẽ㢼ࢆ

(

2

3m/s

)

ࢀࡤ㸪↮ࡣⅆⅬࡢ๓᪉ࢆ㉮ࡾཤࡿ㌴୧࡟㏣࠸ࡘࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ

࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ⅆⅬࡢᚋ᪉࡬↮ࡀ㐳ୖࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㑊ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡢ

࡛㸪ᑐ㠃ࡢሙྜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࡣࡿ࠿࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡸࡍ࠸㸬 ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢ✵Ẽ࡟ᅽ⦰ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸪ᆙཱྀ௜㏆ࡢ

1

Fig.4 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㢼㏿ࡣ୧᪉ࡢᆙཱྀ࡛㏣ࡗ

࠿ࡅࡗࡇࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㝵ẁ≧࡟ୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ≧ἣࡀ෌⌧࡛ࡁ ࡓ㸬㝵ẁࡢᖜࡣ㸪㡢Ἴࡀ

11km

࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣࡶࡗ࡜ࡶࡽࡋ࠸⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡛

ࡣ㸪ఱⓒྎ࡜࠸࠺⛣ື୰ࡢ⮬ື㌴ࡸ

48

࢓ࣥࢆ᪼ᅽせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚ィ⟬࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜㸪Ẽࡀ 㐲ࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞సᴗ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪⌧ᐇⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡓ㸬 ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᅽ⦰ᛶࢆ↓どࡋ࡚㸪❧ᆙ࡛༊ษࡽࢀࡓ

3

᥮Ẽ༊㛫ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚✵Ẽࡢ㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧࢆ❧࡚㸪

❧ᆙ㏦᤼Ẽ㔞࡜ᅽຊࢆ᥋⥆᮲௳࡜ࡋ࡚㐃❧ࡉࡏࡓ㸬✵Ẽ

࡟ാࡃຊࡣ㸪⟶ᦶ᧿ຊ㸪஺㏻᥮Ẽຊ㸪㞟ሻᶵࡸ❧ᆙࡢ᪼

ᅽຊ࡞࡝࡛㸪ࡇࢀ࡟୧ᆙཱྀ㛫

(

)

ࡿ⮬↛㢼࡜ࡋ࡚⪃៖ࡋࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞

✵Ẽࡢᣲືࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡓ㸬᭱ึ࡟ศ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪

Fig.5 ࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᖹᖖ᫬࡟࠾ࡼࡑ 6m/s

࠸࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࠿ࡽ஦ᨾࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ㸪ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣇ࢓ࣥࢆࡍ࡭

࡚Ṇࡵࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪኱ࡁ࡞✵Ẽࡢ័ᛶࡢࡓࡵ࡟㢼ࡢὶࢀ

Fig. 4 Air velocity in the tunnel by the analysis with compressibility

Fig. 5 Air velocity in the tunnel after an accident with jetfans reversely rotated ( simulation )

ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬

ⅆ⅏᫬ࡢ㑊㞴⎔ቃࡢ☜ಖ

ⅆ⅏Ⓨ⏕᫬࡟㸪㐨㊰฼⏝⪅ࡀ

350m

࠼ࡓ㸬ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪☜࠿࡟

3

࡟㢼㏿ࢆࢮࣟ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪

࠶ࡿ࣓࣮࣮࢝ࡢ᪉࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࢇ࡞஘ᭀ࡞㐠㌿ࢆᥦ᱌ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪 බᅋࡉࢇࡣ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸪࡜ᚰ㓄ࡋ࡚࢔ࢻ

ࣂ࢖ࢫࢆཷࡅࡓ㸬⚾ࡶᜍࡿᜍࡿࠕࡇࢀࡣ༢࡟ᩘ್ィ⟬ࡢ

⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾⪺ࡁࡃࡔࡉ࠸㸬ࠖ࡜๓⨨ࡁࡋ࡚ጤဨ఍࡛ㄝ᫂

ࡋࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᛮ࠸ࡢ࡯࠿ࢺࣥࢺࣥᢿᏊ࡟ヰࡣ๓࡟㐍

ࡳ㸪ᐇ⌧ࡢ᪥ࡢ┠ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ᢏ⾡ࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡍ

ࡿ㐨㊰බᅋࡢጼໃ࡟ឤㅰ࡜ᩗពࢆぬ࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

1985(

60)

8

Fig.6 ࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾᩘ

್ィ⟬ࡢண ㏻ࡾ࡟㢼㏿ࡀῶ⾶ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡣឤືࡋࡓ㸬

ྠ᫬࡟ᩘ್ィ⟬ࡀṇࡋ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀド᫂ࡉࢀ࡚㠃┠ࢆಖ ࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬

ⅆ⅏᫬ࡢᩘ್ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ⤖ᯝࢆ

1985

1988

࠸ࡿ㸬

ᖹᖖ᫬ࡢ᥮Ẽไᚚ

㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢ᥮Ẽタഛࡣ⥲ᐜ㔞⣙㸰୓

kW

࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬㐺ษ࡞ไᚚࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᥮Ẽࡢື

ຊ㈝ࢆ๐ῶࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟㏆࠸஺㏻ࡢ࣐

Fig. 6 Comparisons of air velocities by measurements and simulations

ࢡࣟࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㠀ᐃᖖィ⟬ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᚲせ࡞᥮Ẽࣞ࣋

ࣝࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘ㸪᭱ప㝈ࡢືຊ㈝࡛῭ࡴࡼ࠺࡞㐠㌿ࡢ⪃

Ᏹᐂ⯟✵◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ≉ู㈨ᩱ䚷㻶㻭㼄㻭㻙㻿㻼㻙㻝㻡㻙㻜㻞㻝 㻤㻠

࠼᪉ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ㸬↴↮࡛࠸࠼ࡤ㸪❧ᆙ࡜㟁Ẽ㞟ሻᶵࡢ┤

๓࡛ࡑࢀࡒࢀチᐜ್ࢠࣜࢠࣜ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞㐠㌿ࡀ୍␒⤒

῭ⓗ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᫬㛫ⓗኚືࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞࠿࡛㸪❧ᆙࣇ࢓

ࣥ㸪㟁Ẽ㞟ሻᶵ㸪ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣇ࢓ࣥࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡝ࢇ࡞๭ྜ

࡛㐠㌿ࡍࢀࡤࡼ࠸࠿ࡣ࡞࠿࡞࠿ࡢ㞴ၥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ᡃࠎࡣ㸪

஺㏻ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣇ࢛࣮࣡ࢻ࡜ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ ࡓࣞࢠ࣮ࣗࣞࢱ࣮ไᚚ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠿࡞ࡾࡢ┬࢚ࢿຠᯝࢆ㐩 ᡂ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ³⁾㸬

㸱㸬ᶓὶ᥮Ẽࡢ㢼㏿ࢮࣟ໬

ᑐ㠃㏻⾜ࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟⦪ὶ᥮Ẽࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁࡢⅆ⅏ᑐ ᛂ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㢼㏿ࢮࣟ໬ࢆ㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿ࡛ࣝ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࡢ ᚋྠᵝࡢ᳨ウࢆ㸪⫧ᚋࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡞࡝࡛ࡶ⾜࠸㸪࡯ࡰ᳨ウ ᡭἲࡣ☜❧ࡋࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡲࡔ㒔ᕷ㒊࡛㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ ᶓὶ᥮Ẽ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ྠᵝࡢ㢼㏿ࢮࣟ໬ࡀྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡀ Ẽ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ᶓὶ᥮Ẽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⦪ὶ㢼ࡢ㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧ

ࢆ☜❧ࡋ⁴⁾㸪᥮Ẽ༊㛫ࡀ」ᩘ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪

Fig.6 ࡟♧ࡍ

ࡼ࠺࡟ⅆ⅏༊㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ࡛㏦Ẽ࣭᤼Ẽࡢ࢖ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫไᚚ

ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ⦪ὶ㢼㏿ࡢไᚚࡀྍ⬟

࡛࠶ࢁ࠺࡜⪃࠼㸪ࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ

ࡶᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⁵⁾⁶⁾㸬ࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪ྡྂᒇࡢ ᮾᒣࢺࣥࢿࣝࡸ㤳㒔㧗ࡢᒣᡭࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢⅆ⅏ᑐᛂ࡟ᛂ⏝

ࡉࢀࡓ㸬

2007(

19)

11

10

㸲㸬እ஘ண ᭱㐺ไᚚ

⚾ࡣᏛ㒊᫬௦㸪ไᚚࡢ◊✲ᐊ࡟࠸࡚㸪᭱㐺ไᚚ࡟㛵ࡍ

ࡿ◊✲ࢆ༞ㄽࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡋࡓ㸬ࡑࢇ࡞㛵ಀ࡛㸪㢼㏿ࢆᛴ

㏿࡟ࢮࣟ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢไᚚࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㢌ࢆᕠ

ࡽࡏ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ

PID

Fig. 7 Principle of the imbalance control; a way to control the longitudinal air velocity in transversely

ventilation tunnels

ᕪࡀṧࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡚㸪࡝࠺ࡶⰋዲ࡞ไᚚ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸㸬㢼

㏿ࢮࣟ໬࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⣔࡟௨ୗࡢ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ㸬

1)

2)

࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⟶ᦶ᧿ࡸࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣇ࢓ࣥ᪼ᅽຊࡣᐃ㔞ⓗ࡟ண  ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿ

ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊእ஘せᅉࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪⦪ὶ᥮Ẽࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟

࠾࠸࡚ࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣇ࢓࡛ࣥ┠ⓗࡢ㢼㏿࡟࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ᪩ࡃ⛣

⾜ࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ⪃࠼࡛ࡼ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ

1)

2)

Ṇࡵࡿ

㢼㏿ࡣࢺࣥࢿࣝෆࡢ✵Ẽ࡟ຊࡀാ࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࢽ࣮ࣗ

ࢺࣥࡢ㐠ືࡢ➨

1

࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ᭱㐺ไᚚࡢࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௚

᪉㸪እ஘せᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㏿ᗘࡢ᫬㛫ᚤศ࡟㉁㔞ࢆ࠿ࡅ ࡓࡶࡢࡀຊࡢ⥲ィ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪እ஘ࢆண ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ

Fig. 8 Improved results by optimal control with disturbance estimation compared with the

standard PID control (lower)

ศࢆ㝖እࡋ࡚ୖグࡢ᭱㐺ไᚚࢆ⾜࠼ࡤ㸪᭱ࡶ᪩ࡃᏳᐃ࡟

㢼㏿ࢆ┠ᶆ್࡟㏆࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡣ

Fig.8 ࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ

᏶඲࡟ド᫂ࡉࢀ ⁷⁾㸪⚾ࡣ⮬ಙ࡟‶ࡕ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪 ࡇࢀࢆ஑ᕞࡢ࠶ࡿࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟㐺⏝ࡋ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᛮࡗࡓ࡯

䛂㢼Ὕᢏ⾡䛾㛤Ⓨ䛸ᛂ⏝䝅䞁䝫䝆䜴䝮䛃ㅮ₇㞟㻔➨䠍ᅇ䡚➨䠐ᅇ㻕 㻤㻡

࡝ࡢᛶ⬟ࡀฟ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ᚋ࡛ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ไᚚ࡟⏝

࠸ࡓ㢼㏿ィࡀ㸪ኚືࢆᢚ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᖹ⁥໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪 ಙྕ࡟㐜ࢀࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬ࡇࡢእ஘ண 

᭱㐺ไᚚࢆᡂຌࡉࡏࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪㐜ࢀࡢ࡞࠸㢼㏿ಙྕࡀᚓࡽ

ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㸬

㸳㸬ᶓὶ」㞧᥮Ẽࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢゎᯒ

1990

(

)

୰ኸ⎔≧᪂ᐟ⥺ࡀィ⏬ࡉࢀ㸪㛗኱ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡀᘓタࡉࢀࡿ

ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓ

(

)

ࣥࢿࣝࡣᘏ㛗

10km

ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᶓὶ᥮Ẽ࡛࠶ࡾ㏵୰࡛ࣛࣥࣉ࡞࡝ࡢศᒱྜὶ࡞

࡝ࢆከᩘྵࡴ」㞧࡞᥮Ẽ⣔࡛࠶ࡿ㸬➹⪅ࡽࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞

」㞧᥮Ẽ⣔࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐠ື᪉⛬ᘧࢆ☜❧ࡋ㸪ゎᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ

8)9)㸬ඛ࡟᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓᶓὶࡢ㏦Ẽ㔞࡜᤼Ẽ㔞ࢆពᅗ

ⓗ࡟㐪ࢃࡏࡿ࢖ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫไᚚࢆ⏝࠸࡚῰᫬ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ ࡓⅆ⅏࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪⦪ὶ࡜ྠᵝࡢ⦪ὶ㢼㏿

0

࠸࠺❧ሙ᳨࡛ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸬࢖ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫไᚚࡣࢪ࢙ࢵࢺ

ࣇ࢓ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿไᚚ࡯࡝ࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸࠺࠼

࡟㸪ศᒱⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᅽຊࡀ㏨ࡆ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢ࡛㸪㢼㏿

0

ࣝࡢᏳ඲ࢆᅗࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡛㸪ୖグᩘ್ゎᯒ࡜ጤ ဨ఍᳨ウࢆ⤒࡚Ᏻ඲ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟㐺⏝

ࡉࢀࡓ㸬

ᒣᡭࢺࣥࢿࣝࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟⦪ὶ᥮Ẽࢆ⾜࠺ရᕝࢺࣥࢿ

ࣝ࡜᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛㸪ᖹᖖ᫬᥮Ẽ㸪㠀ᖖ᫬᥮Ẽ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪

ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞᥮Ẽ⣔ࢆ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾ㸪௒ᚋ࡟ྥࡅ࡚༑ศ

࡞᳨ウࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬

㸴㸬ࢺࣥࢿࣝ᥮Ẽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᾏእ࡜ࡢ஺ὶ

ᒣᡭࢺࣥࢿࣝࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟⦪ὶ᥮Ẽࢆ⾜࠺ရᕝࢺࣥࢿ

ࣝ࡜᥋⥆ࡉࢀࡿணᐃ࡛㸪ᖹᖖ᫬᥮Ẽ㸪㠀ᖖ᫬᥮Ẽ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪

ࡼࡾ」㞧࡞᥮Ẽ⣔ࢆ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾ㸪௒ᚋ࡟ྥࡅ࡚༑ศ

࡞᳨ウࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬⚾࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡢᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍ཧຍࡣ

1982(

57)

3

BHRA(

1)

4

(ISAVVT)

ࡢᖹᖖ᫬᥮Ẽࢩ࣑࣮ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢ⤖ᯝࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ㸬⏕ࡲ

ࢀ࡚ึࡵ࡚ࡢⱥㄒ࡟ࡼࡿⓎ⾲࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪⥭ᙇࡢᴟࡳ࡛࠶

ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⫈⾗࡟ࡣ ࠿ࡃཷࡅධࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮ

࠺㸬

ࡇࡢᏛ఍ཧຍ࡟ඛ❧ࡕ㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢࢺࣥࢿࣝࢆぢᏛ ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᙜ᫬ୡ⏺᭱㛗࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢ

࢔࣮ࣝ࣋ࣝࢡࢺࣥࢿࣝࡶぢࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ㸬ᾏእ࡟࠾ࡅ

ࡿⓎ⾲ࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ㸪⚾ࡢዲወᚰ࡜ពḧ࡟ⅆࢆࡘࡅࡓ࡜ゝࡗ

࡚ࡶ࠸࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸬࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢேࡓࡕ࡜ᑐ➼࡟ពぢࢆ㜚

ࢃࡏ㸪⮬ศࡢពぢࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝⣲

ᬕࡽࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿㸪៿ࢀ࡟ࡶఝࡓẼᣢࡕࢆᢪ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶

ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᾏእ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࣑ࣖࢶ࢟࡟࡞ࡾ㸪

ISAVVT

4

3

2006

(

12

)

2

13

᪥ᮏேࡢᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍ཧຍࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᾘᴟⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏᅜ ෆ࡛㛤Ⓨࡋࡓᢏ⾡ࢆ㸪ࢃࡊࢃࡊ᪑㈝ࡸཧຍ㈝ࢆᡶࡗ࡚ᅜ 㝿Ꮫ఍࡛እᅜࡢேࡓࡕ࡟ᩍ࠼࡚࠶ࡆࡿᚲせࡣ࡞࠸㸪࡜࠸

࠺ࡼ࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪺࠸ࡓ㸬ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟㸪᪥ᮏேࡢ እᅜㄒ࢔ࣞࣝࢠ࣮ࡀᡭఏࡗ࡚㸪᪥ᮏࡢ❧ሙࢆ࡝ࢀ࡯࡝ᙅ

࠸ࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡑࢇ࡞୰࡛㸪⚾ࡣᝏᡓⱞ 㜚ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࡶᩘ༑ᅇࡢᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍ཧຍࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪᪥ᮏࡢࢺ

ࣥࢿࣝ᥮Ẽࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࢆ୺ᙇࡋ㸪⌮ゎࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺ດ ຊࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ᅜ㝿㈉⊩ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࡜⮬㈇ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿ㸬ᡃࡀᅜࡣ㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅᏳ඲࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡟Ꮫ ࡪ࡭ࡁⅬࡶከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟஺ὶࡀ῝ࡲࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬

2011

5

(

)

ࡓ➨

14

ISAVT(

2

ISAVVT

)

⾲¹⁰⁾ࢆ⾜࠺࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ከࡃࡢ▱ேࡓࡕ࡜ᪧ஺ࢆ ࡵࡿࡇ

࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚႐ࡤࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸬

ὀ㸯㸸

BHRA

British Hydromechanics Research

Association

ࡋ࡚ὶయᕤᏛ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ศ㔝ࡢᅜ㝿Ꮫ఍ࢆ୺

ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡢᚋẸႠ໬ࡉࢀ࡚㸪

BHR Group

ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪௒᪥࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬

ISAVVT(International Symposium on the Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels)

1973

3

㸵㸬ࣔࣥࣈࣛࣥࢺࣥࢿࣝⅆ⅏௨ᚋࡢᑐᛂ

1999(

11)

3

ࣔࣥࣈࣛࣥࢺࣥࢿ࡛ࣝ኱ⅆ⅏ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ㸪

50

⥆ࡅ㸪⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚

39

ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࡢࢱ࢚࢘ࣝࣥࢺࣥࢿ࡛ࣝ㸪

2

ࢵࢺࣁࣝࢺࢺࣥࢿ࡛ࣝࡸࡣࡾ኱つᶍ࡞ⅆ⅏஦ᨾࡀⓎ⏕ࡋ ࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࢆࡁࡗ࠿ࡅ࡟㸪࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃ࡛ࡣ᥮Ẽタഛᇶ‽

ࡢぢ┤ࡋࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㸬タഛࡢࡳࡢᇶ‽࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡣ㸪⟶

⌮࣭㐠⏝ࢆࡶྵࢇࡔ඲యࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࢀࡣ㸪኱ኚཝࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛㸪

500m

ࣝ࡟㑊㞴タഛ㸪᤼↮タഛࢆせồࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ

EU

(EU-directive)

EU

㊰࡟㐺⏝ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

ࡇࡢ

EU

2004(

16)

4

ࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࡇࢀࢆཷࡅࡓぢ┤ࡋࡀࡲࡔ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬 ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽᘓタࡉࢀࡿࢺࣥࢿࣝࡢᏳ඲ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟☜ಖࡍ

ࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡜㸪᪤タࡢࢺࣥࢿࣝࢆ࡝࠺ࡍࡿ࠿࡜࠸

࠺ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬ᚋ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᕤ஦ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㛗ᮇ㛫㏻

⾜Ṇࡵࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪ࡲࡓᴟ➃࡟኱ࡁ

࡞⤒㈝ࢆక࠺ࡶࡢࡣᐇ᪋ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࡞࡝ࡢ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞

᮲௳ୗ࡛ఱࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶ

ᐜ᫆࡞ㄢ㢟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᪂タ㸪᪤タࢺࣥࢿࣝࢆၥ

ࢃࡎ㸪࠸ࡘ࡝ࡇ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࢺࣥࢿࣝⅆ⅏ࢆ

Ᏹᐂ⯟✵◊✲㛤Ⓨᶵᵓ≉ู㈨ᩱ䚷㻶㻭㼄㻭㻙㻿㻼㻙㻝㻡㻙㻜㻞㻝 㻤㻢

⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪୍᪥ࡶ᪩࠸ᑐᛂࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬

㸶㸬ࣔࣥࣈࣛࣥࢺࣥࢿࣝⅆ⅏௨ᚋࡢᑐᛂ

㛵㉺ࢺࣥࢿࣝ

(

)

ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ

30

⛬ᗘᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿ㸬௨๓ࡣ㸪ࢺࣥࢿࣝࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ᅵ ᮌᵓ㐀≀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᥮Ẽタഛࡣࡑࡢ㝃ᒓရ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⪃

࠼᪉ࡀᙉ࠿ࡗࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡓ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ᭱㏆࡛ࡣ㸪ィ⏬

ࡢึᮇẁ㝵࠿ࡽᏳ඲ࡸຠ⋡ᛶ࡜࠸࠺❧ሙ࡛᥮Ẽタഛࢆព

㆑ࡋࡓᅵᮌࡢタィࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ

࡛㸪㠀ᖖ࡟ᨵၿࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ឤࡌࡿ㸬

௚᪉࡛㸪ᑐ㠃㏻⾜ࢺࣥࢿࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ⅆ⅏᫬࡟㢼㏿ࢆ

0

࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡉ࠼ࡶᇶ‽໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪

EU

࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿ⥲ྜⓗ࡞㜵⅏ᑐ⟇ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔ⟇ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸬 ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ⅆ⅏᫬࡟ே࿨ಖㆤࡢࡓࡵࡢ㑊㞴⎔ቃࢆ☜ಖࡍ

ࡿࡢ࡟ᚲ㡲ࡢࢪ࢙ࢵࢺࣇ࢓ࣥࡣ᥮Ẽタഛ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚㠀ᖖ⏝

タഛ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᢅ࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸬௒ᚋసࡽࢀࡿ

࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࢺࣥࢿࣝ㜵⅏ᇶ‽࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢥࣥࢭࣉࢺ ࡢ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞ಟṇࡀᚲせ࡛㸪㠀ᖖ⏝タഛࡢタ⨨ᇶ‽ࡔࡅ࡛

ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㐠⏝ࡸไᚚࢆࡶྵࢇࡔ⥲ྜⓗᏳ඲ᑐ⟇

ࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢᏳ඲

ࡢ☜ಖ࡟ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢࢥࢫࢺࢆక࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶᐜㄆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ

ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ඹ㏻ㄆ㆑ࡀᗈࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸬 ࡇࡢ

30

ࡲࡓࢺࣥࢿࣝ᥮ẼࡢⓎᒎ࡟㈉⊩ࡉࢀࡓ㛵ಀㅖẶ࡟ᩗពࢆ

⾲ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡓ࠸㸬

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

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