᭤ࡆࡏࢇ᩿ࢆཷࡅࡿ㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᱱࡢࡦࡧࢀ㛫㝸ࡦࡧࢀᖜ
Space and Width of Cracks on Reinforced Concrete Beams under
Shear and Flexural Loads
㧗ᶫ அ*
Susumu Takahashi
Summary
Recently, life-time of concrete structures is prolonged. In terms of maintenance, to estimate residual cracks is important for reducing running cost of concrete structures because wide residual cracks must be repaired by epoxy resin and so on. In this research, an experimental study was conducted on three reinforced concrete beams to investigate the space and the width of cracks on concrete beams where the flexural capacity of these three beams are same. The test parameter is the number and the diameter of main reinforcing bars. The residual cracks of a beam with large reinforcing bars (less number of reinforcing bars are used compared with other two beams) were wider than other two beams. This result indicates that running cost of concrete beams is different even if the flexural capacities of the beams are same.
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᱱ, ࡦࡧࢀᖜ, ࡦࡧࢀ㛫㝸, ⿵ಟ, ╔
Keywords㸸reinforced concrete beam, crack width, crack space, repair, bond.
㸬ࡣࡌࡵ ㏆ᖺ㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᘓ≀ࡢ㛗ᑑక࠸ ᘓ≀ࡢ⏝ᛶࡸಟᛶࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㕲➽ࢥ ࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᘓ≀ࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ᣦ㔪࣭ྠゎㄝ ࡛ࡣ 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ 㐀 ᘓ ≀ ࡢ ⏝ 㝈 ⏺ ಟ 㝈 ⏺ Ϩ ᑠ つ ᶍ ࡞ ⿵ ಟ ࡀ ᚲ せ ࢆ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ PPPP࡛ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ୍᪉㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀㒊ᮦࡢࡦࡧࢀᖜࡸࡦ ࡧࢀ㛫㝸ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ:DWVWHLQ ࡸゅ⏣ ࡀᘬᙇຊ ࡀస⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᱱࢆᑐ㇟᳨ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡓ㕲 ➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺᵓ㐀ィ⟬つ‽࣭ྠゎㄝ ࡣ㛗ᮇⲴ㔜 ࢆཷࡅࡿ㒊ᮦࡢࡦࡧࢀ㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ᪉ἲࡀグ㍕ࡉ ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ▷ᮇⲴ㔜ࡢᛂຊࢆᐃࡋࡓ㒊ᮦࡘ ࠸࡚ࡣ◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᘓ≀ ࡢ⪏㟈ᛶ⬟ホ౯ᣦ㔪࣭ྠゎㄝ࡛ࡶᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ヨ㦂 యࡽࡦࡧࢀᮏᩘࢆ௬ᐃࡋࡦࡧࢀᖜࢆィ⟬ࡍ ࡿ᪉ἲࢆᑟࡁฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᭤ࡆࡏࢇ᩿ࢆྠཷࡅࡿ 㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᱱࢆᑐ㇟ࡦࡧࢀᖜࡦࡧ ࢀ㛫㝸ࢆㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇࢆ┠ⓗࡋ࡚ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㸬ᐇ㦂ᴫせ ヨ㦂య ヨ㦂యࡣ㕲➽ࢥࣥࢡ࣮ࣜࢺ㐀ᱱࡢ ࢆᐃࡋࡓ ⦰ᑻᶍᆺ࡛࠶ࡾࢫࣃࣥࡢ༙ศࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂 ኚᩘࡣ➽ࡢ㕲➽ᚄ࠾ࡼࡧᮏᩘࡋヨ㦂యᩘࡣィ య࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ ヨ㦂యࡢᙧ≧࠾ࡼࡧ㓄➽ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ᱱ᩿㠃ࡣヨ㦂య࡛ඹ㏻࡛࠶ࡾᱱᖜࡀ PPᱱ 㸨 ྠᏛᕤᏛ㒊ᘓ⠏Ꮫ⛉ᘓ⠏ᑓᨷ
ࡏ࠸ࡣ PP ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡴタࡢ᪉ྥࡼࡾࡦࡧࢀⓎ ⏕ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵᱱࡢഃ㠃ࡽࢥࣥ ࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࢆᡴタࡋࡓࠋ ⏝ࡋࡓ㕲➽ࡢᮦᩱヨ㦂⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ ♧ࡍࠋࢥࣥ ࢡ࣮ࣜࢺࡣᮦ㱋 ᪥ᮦᩱヨ㦂ࢆ⾜࠸ᅽ⦰ᙉᗘࡀ 1PPࣖࣥࢢಀᩘࡀ N1PP࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࡞ ࠾ࡇࢀࡽࡢ್ࡣ ᮏᖹᆒࡢ್࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ຍຊ᪉ἲ ᅗ ຍ ຊ ⨨ ࢆ ♧ ࡍ ࠋヨ 㦂 య ࡣ ᱱ ࡢ ༙ ศ ࢆ ᐃ ࡋ ࡚ 〇 స ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ຍ ຊ ࡣ ∦ ᣢ ࡕ ᱱ ᙧ ᘧ ࡛ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ 㸣 ࡲ ࡛ ࡣ ኚ ไ ᚚ ࡼ ࡾ ṇ ㈇ ␒ ⧞ ࡾ ㏉ ࡋ ㍕ Ⲵ ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ 㸣 ࡲ ࡛ 'LDPHWHU <LHOGVWUHQJWK 1PP <RXQJ’VPRGXOXV N1PP ' ' ' ' ヨ㦂య ' ' ' ᭤ࡆᙉᗘ N1 N1 N1 ࡏࢇ᩿ᙉᗘ N1 N1 N1 ࡏࢇ᩿వ⿱ᗘ ᘬᙇ㕲➽᩿㠃✚ PP PP PP ᘬᙇ㕲➽࿘㛗 PP PP PP ࡣ ṇ ഃ ࡢ ࡳ ㍕ Ⲵ ࢆ ⾜ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ᙉᗘィ⟬ 5&つ ‽ ᚑ ࡗ ࡚ ィ ⟬ ࡋ ࡓ ྛ ヨ 㦂 య ࡢ ィ ⟬ ᙉ ᗘ ࢆ ⾲ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡸ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࡣ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㠃 ࡛ ࡢ 㕲 ➽ ࡽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ ࡢ ᛂ ຊ ఏ 㐩 ࡀ ࡁ ࡃ ᙳ 㡪 ࡍ ࡿ ࡓ ࡵ ᘬ ᙇ 㕲 ➽ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ሗ ࡶ ే ࡏ ࡚ グ ㍕ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ヨ 㦂 య ࡣ ࡚ ᭤ ࡆ 㝆 అ ඛ ⾜ ᆺ ࡛ タ ィ ࡋ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ➽ ࡢ ᩿ 㠃 ✚ ࡣ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 య ࡶ ᴫ ࡡ ➼ ࡋ ࠸ ࡇ ࡽ ᭤ ࡆ 㝆 అ ᙉ ᗘ ࡣ Ṥ ᕪ ࡀ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ ࡋ ࡋ 㕲 ➽ ᚄ ᮏ ᩘ ࢆ ኚ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡛ 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ ࡀ ᥋ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㠃 ✚ ࡣ ᕪ ࡀ ⏕ ࡌ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ࡀ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡸ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࡢ ࡼ ࠺ ࡞ ᙳ 㡪 ࢆ ࠼ ࡿ ࢆ ㄪ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ᮏ ᐇ 㦂 ࡢ ┠ ⓗ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ 900 mm D6@100(0.15%) 16-D10 33 33 33 33 30 30 17 4 38 180 300 38 38 D ヨ㦂య ' 8-D13 900 mm 33 38 33 38 38 33 234 33 180 30 0 E ヨ㦂య ' 35 35 23 0 4-D19 900 mm 180 30 0 35 110 35 F ヨ㦂య ' ᅗ ヨ㦂య㓄➽ᅗ PP 1000 490 1100 490 700 ਫ ᅗ ຍຊ⨨ PP ⾲ 㕲➽ࡢᮦᩱ≉ᛶ ⾲ ィ⟬ᙉᗘ
㸬ᐇ㦂⤖ᯝ ヨ㦂య ' ࡢ◚ቯᛶ≧ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡢ ᭱ ⤊ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ≧ ἣ ࢆ ᅗ D Ⲵ 㔜 ኚ ᙧ ゅ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ᅗ D ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ➽ ࡀ 㝆 అ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ 㐩 ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ᱱ ➃ 㒊 ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡢ ᖜ ࡀ 㛤 ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡁ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ࡛ ᭱ Ⲵ 㔜 N1ࢆ グ 㘓 ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ヨ 㦂 య 'ࡢ ◚ ቯ ᛶ ≧ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡢ ᭱ ⤊ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ≧ ἣ ࢆ ᅗ E Ⲵ 㔜 ኚ ᙧ ゅ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ᅗ E ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ➽ ࡀ 㝆 అ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ 㐩 ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ᱱ ➃ 㒊 ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡢ ᖜ ࡀ 㛤 ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡁ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ࡛ ᭱ Ⲵ 㔜 N1ࢆ グ 㘓 ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡢ ◚ ቯ ᛶ ≧ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡢ ᭱ ⤊ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ≧ ἣ ࢆ ᅗ F Ⲵ 㔜 ኚ ᙧ ゅ 㛵 ಀ ࢆ ᅗ F ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᭱ ึ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᭱ Ⲵ 㔜 N1ࢆ グ 㘓 ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ➽ ࡣ 㝆 అ ࡦ ࡎ ࡳ 㐩 ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ࡛ ➽ ࡀ 㝆 అ ࡋ ᱱ ➃ 㒊 ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡢ ᖜ ࡀ 㛤 ࠸ ࡚ ࠸ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ F ヨ㦂య ' ᅗ ヨ㦂యࡢࡦࡧࢀᛶ≧ E ヨ㦂య ' D ヨ㦂య ' 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Lo ad (k N) Drift (%) Load (kN) Drift (%) 40 20 0 -20 -40 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 Load (kN ) Drift (%) 60 40 20 0 -20 -40 -60 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 D ヨ㦂య ' E ヨ㦂య ' F ヨ㦂య ' ᅗ Ⲵ㔜ኚᙧゅ㛵ಀ
㸬ࡦࡧࢀᖜࡢ᥎⛣ ᅗ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ᅗ ྛ ヨ 㦂 య ࡢ ṇ ㍕ Ⲵ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ ࣆ ࣮ ࢡ ཬ ࡧ ࡑ ࡢ ᚋ ࡢ 㝖 Ⲵ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡢ ᥎ ⛣ ࢆ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ♧ ࡍ ࠋヨ 㦂 య '࡛ ࡣ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡢ ᣑ ᖜ ࡀ ᅗ ୰ ♧ ࡍ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࠾ ࠸ ࡚ 㢧 ⴭ ࡛ ࠶ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 య '࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡛ ࡣ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡢ ᣑ ᖜ ࡀ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ ᮏ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㞟 ୰ ࡋ ࡚ ぢ ࡽ ࢀ ࡓ ࠋࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ' ࡛ ࡣ ኚ ᙧ ࡀ 㞟 ୰ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡇ ࢆ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ 㝖 Ⲵ ࡢ ࢢ ࣛ ࣇ ࡣ 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ 㐀 ᘓ ≀ ࡢ ⪏ 㟈 ᛶ ⬟ ホ ౯ ᣦ 㔪 ࣭ ྠ ゎ ㄝ ࡛ グ ㍕ ࡉ ࢀ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ⏝ 㝈 ⏺ ಟ 㝈 ⏺ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࢆ ヨ 㦂 య ࢫ ࢣ ࣮ ࣝ ⟬ ࡋ ࡓ ࡶ ࡢ ࡶ ే ࡏ ࡚ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࢆ ⟬ ࡍ ࡿ 㝿 ࡣ ᩥ ⊩ ࡢ ᪉ ἲ ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ⦰ ᑻ ࡀ ࡢ ᮏ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ ⏝ 㝈 ⏺ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ಟ 㝈 ⏺ Ϩ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡀ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ PP PP ᐇ ࡛ ࡣ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ PP PP ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡛ ࡣ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡢ ᣑ ᖜ ࡀ ᮏ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡛ ㉳ ࡇ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᚋ ࡢ 㝖 Ⲵ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡀ ಟ 㝈 ⏺ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡼ ࡾ ᑠ ࡉ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡇ ࢀ ᑐ ࡋ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡛ ࡣ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡢ ᣑ ᖜ ࡀ ᮏ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㞟 ୰ ࡋ ࡓ ࡓ ࡵ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᚋ ࡢ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࢆ ㉸ ࠼ ࡓ Ⲵ 㔜 ࡣ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡛ ࡣ ""N1 㝖 Ⲵ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡀ PP ࡁ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ୍ ᪉ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡛ ࡣ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᚋ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡣ PP ⛬ ᗘ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ⤊ ᒁ ᭤ ࡆ ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ ྠ ࡌ ᱱ ࡛ ࡶ ➽ ࢆ ኚ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡣ ಸ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ᕪ ࡀ ฟ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ศ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ 㸬ࡦࡧࢀ㛫㝸 ᅗ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᭱ ⤊ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ≧ ἣ ࡽ ヨ 㦂 య ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࡶ ␗ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ศ ࡿ ࠋࡑ ࡇ ࡛ ᮏ ◊ ✲ ࡛ ࡣ ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ᪉ ἲ ࡛ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ⨨ ࢆ ᐃ ⩏ ࡋ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࢆ ẚ ㍑ ࡍ ࡿ ࠋ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡢ ᭱ እ ⦕ ┤ ⥺ ࢆ ᘬ ࡁ ࡑ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ୰ 㛫 ⨨ ࢆ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ⨨ ᐃ ⩏ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ࡞ ࠾ ᅗ ࡣ ヨ 㦂 య ' ࡢ ㈇ ㍕ Ⲵ ࡛ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ࡓ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࢆ ࡋ ࡚ ♧ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋᅗ ୰ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡣ DE ࡢ 㡰 ࡛ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ E ࡀ Ⓨ ⏕ ࡋ ࡓ ᚋ ࡣ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ D ࡀ ኚ ࡋ ࡞ ࡃ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࡇ ࡽ ࡇ ࢀ ࡽ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡣ ྠ ୍ ࡢ ࡶ ࡢ ࡳ ࡞ ࡋ ࡚ ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ᅄ ゅ ᙧ ࡢ ୰ ኸ ⨨ ࢆ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ⨨ ࡍ ࡿ ࡇ ࡋ ࡓ ࠋ ྛ ヨ 㦂 య ࡢ ㈇ ㍕ Ⲵ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ẚ ㍑ ⤖ ᯝ ࢆ ᅗ ♧ ࡍ ࠋ༴ 㝤 ᩿ 㠃 ഃ ࡽ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࢆ ᩘ ࠼ ࡿ ࡇ ࡍ ࡿ 㸯 ᮏ ┠ 㸰 ᮏ ┠ ࡢ 㛫 㝸 ࡣ ヨ 㦂 య ''' ࡛ ࡑ ࢀ ࡒ ࢀ PP PP ࢀPP""PPPP ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡓ ࠋ ࡇ ࡢ ್ ࡣ 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
drift (%) drift (%) drift (%)
C ra ck w idt h (m m) C ra ck w idt h (m m) C ra ck w idt h (m m) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 3.0 3.5 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0.13 mm 0.66 mm 0.66 mm 0.66 mm 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 3.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 drift (%) drift (%) drift (%)
C ra ck wi dt h (m m ) C ra ck wi dt h (m m ) C ra ck wi dt h (m m ) 0.13 mm 0.13 mm D ヨ㦂య ' E ヨ㦂య ' F ヨ㦂య ' ᅗ ṧ␃ࡦࡧࢀᖜ D ヨ㦂య ' E ヨ㦂య ' F ヨ㦂య ' ᅗ Ⲵ㔜ࢧࢡࣝࣆ࣮ࢡࡢࡦࡧࢀᖜ
PP ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠾ ࡾ ⾲ ♧ ࡋ ࡓ ᘬ ᙇ 㕲 ➽ ࿘ 㛗 ࡢ ್ ᴫ ࡡ ẚ ࡍ ࡿ 㛵 ಀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ศ ࡿ ࠋ ࡋ ࡓ ࡀ ࡗ ࡚ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࡣ ᘬ ᙇ 㕲 ➽ ࿘ 㛗 ࡢ ್ ࡽ 㢮 ᥎ ࡛ ࡁ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࡇ ࡀ ศ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ 㸬ࡲࡵ ᭤ ࡆ ࡏ ࢇ ᩿ ࡀ ྠ స ⏝ ࡍ ࡿ 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ 㐀 ᱱ ヨ 㦂 య ࡢ ᐇ 㦂 ࢆ ⾜ ࠸ ௨ ୗ ࡢ ▱ ぢ ࢆ ᚓ ࡓ ࠋ ᭤ ࡆ 㝆 అ ᙉ ᗘ ࡀ ྠ ⛬ ᗘ ࡢ ヨ 㦂 య ࡛ ࡶ 㕲 ➽ ᚄ ࢆ ኚ ࡉ ࡏ ࡿ ࡇ ࡼ ࡗ ࡚ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ᖜ ࡣ ␗ ࡞ ࡿ ࠋ ➽ ' ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ヨ 㦂 య ࡛ ࡣ ኚ ᙧ ゅ ᚋ ࡢ ṧ ␃ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ ࡀ ' ࢆ ⏝ ࠸ ࡓ ヨ 㦂 య ࡢ ࠾ ࡼ ࡑ ಸ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ༴ 㝤 ᩿ 㠃 ㏆ ഐ ࡢ ࡦ ࡧ ࢀ 㛫 㝸 ࡣ ᘬ ᙇ 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ ࡀ ᥋ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ 㛗 ࡉ ᴫ ࡡ ẚ 㛵 ಀ ࡞ ࡗ ࡓ ࠋ ᮏ ᐇ 㦂 ࡛ ࡣ ᬑ ㏻ ᙉ ᗘ ࡢ 㕲 ➽ ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࡀ 㧗 ᙉ ᗘ 㕲 ➽ ࢆ ⏝ ࡋ ࡓ ሙ ྜ ࡣ ಟ 㝈 ⏺ ϩ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡶ ᕪ ࡀ ฟ ࡿ ྍ ⬟ ᛶ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿ ࠋ ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ 㸧᪥ ᮏ ᘓ ⠏ Ꮫ 㸸 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ 㐀 ᘓ ≀ ࡢ ⪏ 㟈 ᛶ ⬟ ホ ౯ ᣦ 㔪 ࣭ ྠ ゎ ㄝ ᖺ ᭶ 㸧:DWVWHLQ :LGWKDQG6SDFLQJRI7HQVLOH&UDFNV LQ $[LDOO\ 5HLQIRUFHG &RQFUHWH &\OLQGHUV -RXUQDORIUHVHDUFKRIWKHQDWLRQDOEXUHDXRI VWDQGDUGV9ROSDSHU 㸧ゅ ⏣ ྐ 㞝 㸸 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ ᱆ ࡢ ᭤ ࡆ ࡦ ࡧ ࢃ ࢀ ࠾ ࡼ ࡧ ኚ ᙧ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ᇶ ♏ ⓗ ◊ ✲ ᾏ 㐨 Ꮫ ᕤ Ꮫ 㒊 ◊ ✲ ሗ ࿌ 9ROSS 㸧᪥ ᮏ ᘓ ⠏ Ꮫ 㸸 㕲 ➽ ࢥ ࣥ ࢡ ࣜ ࣮ ࢺ ᵓ 㐀 ィ ⟬ つ ‽ ࣭ ྠ ゎ ㄝ ᖺ ᭶ 㸧┿ ⏣ 㟹 ኈ ᕷ அ ℩ ᩄ 㧗 ᶫ அ 㣤 ሯ ᱈ Ꮚ 㸸 5&⪏ 㟈 ቨ ࡢ 㛤 ཱྀ 㧗 ࡉ ࡼ ࡿ ⪏ ຊ ప ῶ ⋡ ࡢ ᳨ ド ᪥ ᮏ ᘓ ⠏ Ꮫ ᵓ 㐀 ⣔ ㄽ ᩥ 㞟 9RO 1R SS a b ᅗ ࡦࡧࢀ⨨ࡢᐃ⩏ F ヨ㦂య ' ᅗ ྛヨ㦂యࡢࡦࡧࢀ㛫㝸 E ヨ㦂య ' D ヨ㦂య '
