! "#$ % ! &' ()!*+,-./012!3 )!*+4 5(67389:/*+;/012!3 (<;=2;1+!' >?!@AB C!DE&, FGHIJ5KL2 M"NO KP (Q8I' !NOR8KS T U VU W;XY,ZI[ \],*^0"_HG, `Sa<H !NO'Q8Sbcd"#cK e;[! &';+01fgKh2S!K"41 M
!i " jT4!K FGHIJ5( T! &' ()!*+,-./
)!*+4 5(67389:/*+;/012!3 ;klmnopqrHs L2tuvwx ,yF2!K"413;zF {! |K<;=}~01IR$_;,/I L2T!
( ,2-.,G/]Z~2; ;1+5(8I!"{!*+4 3GK <
"{!LI[(v 91IRhI1
}0 , !T ;^0S !T !W T
!V W ! ! !4); m"
XX K [ ! ,*^0" &v;, !;GF ",42!K"4 13; ZH2 ¡¢ £ C!¤¥ '
, ¦}HI' §¨, ;1+©SL^I {_,
" ,"u' *[ª1«¬<KS a}H2 ;1+zF(/II=I1;1 + 1'L[ ¬®k([¯^I !(£ C!°± ,²³/
0hIMS{!*+,zFI´!µKL^I ¶G ¶G ¶G { /0 ·¸¹º! (»'82*+,4^03G" ¶G M! !;GF "}G ,h$ Z^0h012
¶ ¼ ½
ῌ ῌ
ῌ
ῌ ῌ
HSAWA
BGRL, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Noguchi-baru, Beppu, Oita , Japan.
J. Hot Spring Sci.
The Japanese Society of Hot Spring Sciences Hot Spring Sciences Hydrothermal Sciences
; ;
Shinji O
Hot Spring as the Subject of Natural Science
+ +
+
+
21. *3*-
21. *3*- /3 ,++ ,+1 ,**3
+**
+331 +332 ,***
,**0 0,
+ +
+
! " #$%& ' ( )# *+,-&. /0 1 232 4567-8 9:;< =>+?@- > A BCDE F* GF H 232 ; 8 IJ +HA *K+#L MN!
K-O# +PQ RS T #BC,-M DE F* 6 2U VW X 8 YZ[ ' ( 1'\]; ^_`V&a b # c * + de6E:1 K+6#f IJ +HA
6Lg h +i8jd9dhkM OM lm # no +lp >
E ^_`V YZY!$qHh "
r # * s IJ +HA t*+ d ussvw:
x 0s y 6 tHA + d 1z {x {#|kM
}~ {#! O 6& +A
v A H l 1 d
HA FH1| IHM *1M K !
l #L6 #! I HA hG1 M]
M# l +l- *j 1 Mh1 A ,A M]
M OM / s*}~ {h# H !#f]
A8], + 6L: HM 1 e HHMM 6 ,-M Ls+! hkA /¡ 1KK#K+:HA8
#d r +! 6 HAE¢£HA hO# ¤¥
1'[m r + ,-A: l-6IK a ¡¦!9l
§ O#+,- ¨+HA "" ©+hkA !ª«¬®V
¯ h°' ( Y r #!l- )9kA 6 * +±8E-A M6 l-1 8BC,-M DE F* GFH "
²^³`´E!µ h )6 -hEkM 1 ¯ ¶ª E E*e 1e -M+ d6MN ·¸¹#L h b 9 :& a º»#! b 6 [6 l-! h¼½6L#h8
! " #
$ % & ' ( )*
+ ,- '
. /
% 012 01 01
34 5 6 7
82 9 : $; 6< = = >? 8
? @A B C
)* D E F
GHI J K GHI L M N @A GHK D L O
L P Q ?R S T U VW . @A X $;
Y MZ [ 6<$; \ U ?R $; ]
^_ M I
5 01 F` a b
' c 5 F d
01 L 01
e fg h 5 6
b + i Sj
k l (
d ' ( m kn F
!"#$%
& '()*+,-./0123456
ῌ
ῌ
ῌ
;
kbar
. +
,**/ ,**1
,**0
,+ ,**3
,**
,
+ + , -
.
,
!"#$%&'
" #$ ( )* +,- ./ 012 3-45 512 !67
#$ 8( )9:
; <
;
=
>7) ? 5 3)@-A %B %CCDE#$ 8(!7)@- FG#$% H IJ KL>M5 NO (PQ R S TU9: V S A.- P R HW 5 XY C (ZC [6!/ [\ 5]@^ _ [`NO[`" ab 7)@- c 8( 9:d ef [NO[`g3!h ^ _ [`5i )@- AA.7 9:d6 j,-9:kkl(ml no pq nor%
stuvwx yz{| }7(~ k( ! nor%
,A5 k>/@ml no ( @kl no Az{
k( k Hkby5 9:k"!~(j P ) z{ k nor%" C R 6 j,-kP( )@-~(!6 C (.-t"% twt ,-5
t[6 j -k [k .-(@M ¡ ) z{k5*@ nor%A9 :kk¢£7¤E E }@ P"¥ .-~(
i P( 5 D ¦§¨{#$ - ¤kl no ©¤E 9: ª§5« kz{9:k5 ª,-¬" B
A .-5 k5>7) ,- oz{(,-9 :k5 ª,-¬ .-~( ® 9:z{ o"
C% ¯!-°±²% A.-~(³,-~("´
) 9: µ(@M( 9: 5 )@- µi¶·@ 6¸- "@.
M Q >M5 ~ 9:( 6¹Mj,-9k kº»k¼½P
! "
# $ $
%& ' $( $
$ ) * $ ) +
, +
$ & -% # .
/ ' 0 1
2 3 $
45 6
7 8 , 9 : $
; < %& ' < = '
> ?@ ' A > #
< 4 . # &
' & 0
; B C D
E ;F G
!"#$% &'()*+,-.
ῌ
ῌ
m
D- O
O D
microbial
thermogenic
+2
+2
, /3 ,**3
+1**
, +1
, ,
- d d
d d
!"#$% &'()*+,
- ./
0 1234567 8
9:;<=>? 9:><
@ABCDEF
2GHFABCDEF
I@BCDEF
8JDEF
KF1F DEF L&KF1FDEF
?DEF
M=DEF
NB=DEF
OP=DEF
Q<?DEF QRHQ<DEF
STUQ<
8VW X Y Y Z[\4]
ST^B<
ST_D<
><?`G@BC a><bcd
eRF f g KPhij
ekBCl m f
nop; qr
Y
st Y Y Y
s Y Y Y
Y s
12 >=?5uvw\xy12567 z {|}~5/\45
# {| ! 4 vw{\)
| z zm),# % 5
¡m¢£* ¤¥¦§¨5©mª\
!"#$
ῌ
:
kg :
kg mg
CO mg
Li mg
Sr mg
Ba mg
Fe Fe mg
Mn mg
H mg
Br mg
I mg
F mg
HAsO mg
HAsO mg
S HS S O H S mg
HBO mg
H SiO mg
NaHCO mg
Rn Ci Bq .
Ra mg
,
, ,
, -
,
, . ,
,
, - ,
,
, -
-
+*
2
+ ,/
, +
+
+ +***
, ,/*
- +
. +*
/ /
0 +*
1 +*
2 +
3 /
+* +
++ ,
+, +4-
+- +
+. +
+/ /
+0 /*
+1 -.*
+2 ,* +* 1. / /
+3 + +*
,/ +3
+
+
-
!" #$%&'() *+ ,-()
./01(2
3
3
4 5
4 5
6 7
89:%;< :'"=>: ? @ ABCD< EFG H IH J< KL%M)N :OMP<QR (R( S<
:T(MU:JM2U VWXY:Z["
: \L] ^ : _`!:
a<b2M XYc defgefVh i '()U%;< \L] jk<l AQR m P=>no p(2 _<
(2qr()M"S %stu:v N=>"wxy_z%;=>:{|)
KL=>: }~ SRO ./:qr() _L2>
M%;< X:[ |<,Q ! () Gc %s)UX '()U%; f
:=¡Q% ¢£Y ¤(¥A KL<
¦§ ROP<QR ¦§S¨©%;)N !ª«¬D%
S:¨u2M)®¯©<;H SXY%;°P<%s
!"
# $%&'($
)*+,&'($-.
ῌ
῍
῍
῍
῍
῍
῍ CO
N O CH C H m
O
CH
, , , . , 0
,
.
/ 0
+4*+ +4+0
24,. .4.-
*423 *4,3
2342. 3.4*3
*4*, *4*,
/3 ,**3
- +
/** +1 +-
. ,/
,/
. +3
, +3
3*
.
,
!" #$%&' ()*+,$-. /01 23 4 '( 56 )*7+,$-. 89
: ;. < =#. >&?'/ @ABCDE F23#$GH#$I1 JKL KMN#$BO 0B PQ7 P'( ;+K CDE R #$B /0BS8B PQ7OTF 6J FU AB FV& S#$B WQKXB' Y'17P/01 P FZ[ \/ #$ ]
#. ;. ^ ;/_'7 7` K 6J FU A B FV& Sab$0B'F 7c #$ b'd.
b'd.c K #$ <0('ef #$.QK gh 7Wi jk/ 6J FU AB FV& lmnBF 7'o.o.p q F '(.r. s CDE tuFvwK x y + ,#. 6J FU AB FV& Sz '{K|o$B } + '7;;/0B ~ X'( /-.
#$ ]#. CDER F WXB' K?$ 8KQB ^ d. 7&< /-B 8F\ K BP/-7 'o. #'# /Vh#$BCDEK AB.fK y _,.P
Ke(,B Q7X d ]#. b'd.c K 8(,7 # /0BPF #.
Z[ \K 8(,. K0B )* FW QK #$B' (8$B' K?$ ,, }4 / F(8
$';7/ 0&;/< 7X/0B , K F 8
$#; } 7 KQB)* K )* )*
F #$#;PK71'j7'(/0B #'#7( } )*O\ &¡BPK7o.¢k }((8 O\, £
?^ 7B/0¤ {,F¥ #$I&P¦ r§8B
< ¨q © K0B WQ7 F b'dª#Q#$B' Pq F« #$Z[ \K ;7'o. ¬FS F 8(,./
b'dB F§8#. ,FWQKªA,9Q'P¤;/ 8K
« /-7'o./0B <S ]F MS®8(,. (#. ;P K F8. ^ /0o. #'# < M K,71 ¯01 ¨ qZ[ \/0B °.m./7' ±o$B
O Z[ \/< K b'd.c K£? ¡²Ko$CDE ³ /0o.' 0o./0B P´(KW7.'(µCE
¶F.rd7'o. ·,$ #&7Pro.'#,7 ¸¹ [ K ',7',CDE -;r'( P,'( 4#$&P º /0¤
»¼KQo$W&( CDE @#$&B' +# o$ Q7c ½
!" #$ %
#$ &
' ( # )
) # * +, -
.
/ 01 2 34 5 6
' 7
8 9. : ; #$
% ' <
#$ = & ; / > .
* 6
? % #$ ) # @ / A #$ =
B !" C $ DE
F G
H F C
I 4, J K L M
4N O
P = Q
$ E #$ )
/ R !" S B $ C )
#$ T
R #$% U$%
& U$% V
!" WX YZ [
!" > ) # 7 \
] ^ _ 4
7 ` 8 a
bX c d #
Igari and Sakata,+323; +330
.
/
! "#$ %&
' ()* +) ,) - . /01 23456 7 8 9 :;<= 9+>?@ 9!A BC DEF$ :G H I 9 JKLMN
@K OH PQ R@:ST U V@:SLWX@
,EFYQBC DIZ@ A:K K@ [Z!,A ) \]D>L ^Z_`9a@ b@cdefg9!&
T \h TDiA:?@ OHA: jDTAKL9 kRA :l mnop q nors@:bt
u v wx 0 y z R { |}~
"#
67 | _&@ #
v /0 K 2R 67 1 67 "#
v K 2R
167 ¡ &@ "#
v 0¢ 67#K £/0 ¤
"#
v u 0 y ¥¦ §¨. z ©ª K 2t Q "#D« DEF ¬
v u 0 y ®¯ °±¢ ¥¦ ²³´µ¶@©ªR : ·K 2t | # Q "#D¸¹ DEF
¬
v 0 y º » ¼ ½ |}~oj³ Q "#D¼ DEF ¬
! "#
$%& ' ( ) % *+ ,- ./ 0
1 2 3 4 5 6
' ( 7 8 &9 : ; <
' ( 7 8 &9 : = > ? ; @
6 A B C
' ( 7 8 # D 0 E
' ( $%& % F * G H GI
3 % J
' ( $%& % K9 L F * M
G NO 3 C J
' ( % C P Q R 3
Q J ῌ῏῎῍
ῌ
ῌ ῌ ῌ
ῌ ῌ
ῌ
ῌ
Igari, S. and Sakata, S. ( ) : Fractionation of light hydrocarbons through GC columns packed :
.
: .
with rocks and minerals-lmplications for natural gas migration. Geochemical J., , . :
.
: N He
. :
.
: p. .
:
p. .
: p. .
,
+33, /3 ,**3
,**/
0. 11
+330 .1 /.
-1 .- +331
/0 01
+332
3 +.
,***
+/+ +0+
,**0
/3 -.
,**1 0*
,1
,**3 0,
+- //
-*
,0
.1
.2
.3
ῌ
