1P064 お弁当持った? : 触覚における虚偽記憶とモダリティ効果(2003年度 日本基礎心理学会第22回大会優秀発表賞)

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanesePsychonomic Society

The

JLipanese

fournal

of

PSyc/henemie

Science

2e04,

Vol,

23,

No.

1,

97-98

Summary

ofAwarded

PresentationIP064

Haptic

false

memory

and

modality

congruency

effect

Tomohiro

NABETA

and

Jun-ichiro

KAwAHARA

Hiroshima

Udeiversity*

A

false

memory

is

created

by

studying

a

list

of

items

relatcd

to

an

item

which

is

not

presented.

The

present

study

examincd

whether a

haptic

study/test results

in

false

rccognition

and,

if

so,

whethcr a congruency of

the

_prcsentation

rnodality

in

the

study

and

test

reduces

the

false

recognition.

Following

haptic

or

visual

stucly

of

1ists

of objects

participants

cornpleted a

haptic

or visual recognition

_test,

We

obtained

a

haptic

false

memory.

Furthcrmore

the

amount

of

false

recognition

was

rcduced

when

the

presentation

modality was congruent with

the

study

modality,

Haptic

study reduced

false

recognition

in

the

haptic

test,

in

comparison

to

the

visua]

test.

In

contrast, visual

study

reduced

visua]

false

recognition,

The

results support

the

_proposal

of

a

generality

with

respect

to

cues

that

can reduce

false

recognition.

Key

words:

false

mem(}ry, modality congruency

effect

Under

some circumstances

_peopLe

create

false

memories ancl remember something

which

has

never

been

experienced,

The

DRM

_paradigm

constitutes a

rnethoclology

for

the

observation of

false

memorie$

expressed

as

false

recegnition.

In

this

_paradigm

the

participants

study

several

lists

of

items.

For

every

presented

list

there

is

also

a

lure

item

that

is

seman-tically

related

to

thc

list

but

that

is

not

itself

pre-sented.

Fo]lowing

_the

study

of

these

lists,

partici-pants

take

a

recognition

test.

Typically,

the

partici-pants

false]y

rccognise

the

lure

items

more

fre-quently

than

the

items

that

are unrelated

_to

_the

study

lists,

Although

false

memories

are robust, a congruency

of

the

presentation

modality of

the

study and

test

reduces

them.

For

example,

Gallo,

McDermott,

Per-cer,

&

Roediger

(2001}

found

_that

visual study, as

compared

to

auditory

study,

reduced

false

memories

in

a

visual

test.

It

secms

that

study

items

encoded

through

the

visual modality

are

retrievab]e

and

in-forrnative

enough

to

reduce

false

memories

in

a

vis-ual

test.

Modality

congruency effects,

however,

have

been

tested

only with

the

visual

and

auditory

modalities,

so

it

is

unclear

whether

such

a reduction

is

obtainecl with other modalities.

To

address

this

issue

haptics

was

introduced

as another

modality

and

_paired

it

*

_Department

_of

_Psychology,

_Hiroshima

_University,

1-1-1

Kagamiyama,

Higashi-Hiroshima

739-8524

with

the

visual modality.

We

examined whether a

haptic

study,

andfor

test,

would result

in

false

recog-nition and,

if

so, whether

the

false

recognition

could

be

reduced

by

manipulating

the

congruency

of

the

stud},

and

test

modalitics.

If

a

reduction

in

false

recognition was

due

to

a modality

congruency,

theri

the

false

recognition

in

_the

congruent

condition

would

be

le$s

than

that

in

an

incongruent

condition.

Method

DesignandProcedure

Thcdesign

used a

be-tween-subject

_(study

modality;

haptic

or visual) and

a within-subject

factor

(test

modality;

haptic

or

vis-ual).

The

thirty-two

naive

_participants

were

ran-domly

assigned

to

each

study

modality.

Eight

randemly chosen

lists

of

15

object$

were

used

in

the

study

_phase,

and another

cight

lists

were

used

as

a

controL

Thc

participants

viewed or

bi-manually

touched

each object

for

two

seconds.

Twenty

minutes elapsed

betwcen

the

study

and

the

test

phases.

In

the

test

phase

the

participants

completed

haptic

and visual recognition

tests

that

were of

four

types:

(a)

a studied-object

triaL

in

which

the

objects

[n

_thc

studied

list

were

_presented;

(b)

a

lure

trial,

in

which

the

lure

ebjects

were

presented;

(c)

a control of

the

studied-object

trial,

in

which

the

objects of

a

list

which

were

not

studied

were

_presented;

and

(d)

a

control

of

the

lure

triaL

in

which

the

lure-equiva]ent

The Japanese Psychonomic Society

NII-Electronic Library Service

The JapanesePsychonomicSociety

98

The

Japanese

Journal

of

Psychonomic

Science

VoL

23,

No.

1

Table1

The

averaged

rate

of

the

"old"

responses

Study

Modality,

and

Test

Medalit}i,

(%>and

corrected rate as

a

function

of

Trial

Type,

Haptic

Study

Visual

Study

Trial

Type

_Haptic

Test

Visual

Test

Haptic

Test

Visual

Test

(a)

Studied

(b)

Control

of

Studied

Correctcd

rate

96.4

3.093,4

93.4

4.189,3

94.3

1.093.3

95.9o95.9

(c)

Lure(d}

Control

of

Lure

Corrected

rate

15,6

3.112.5

34,4o34.4

17.2

3.114.1

3.1o3.1

objects

of

a

li$t

which

were

not

studied were

pre-sented.

Results

and

Discussion

Veridical

recognition

The

averaged

rate

of

the

'`old"

rcsponses

for

each

type

of

trial

was calculated as a

function

of

the

study

and

tcst

modalities.

The

response rate

for

the

studied

object

was

high

(ap-proximately

95%),

whereas

that

for

the

control

of

the

studied object was

low

(approximately

2%).

The

results

indicated

that

object

identification

was

accu-rate

in

the

haptic

and

the

visual

test

False

recognition

A

t-test

-,as

condueted on

the

response rate

for

the

control of

the

lure

trial

and

for

the

lure

trial

in

the

haptic

study condition.

The

analysis

_yielded

a

significant effect,

t(15)=3.87,

P<.05,

and consequently

indicated

that

the

haptic

study,

and/or

test,

_produced

false

recognition.

To

take

the

difference

in

the

base]ine

of

the

haptic

and visual rnodalities

into

account,

the

corrected

false

recegnition rate was calculated

by

subtracting

the

response

rate

for

the

control

of

the

lure

trial

frorn

that

for

the

lure

triaL

A

2

(study

modality) ×

2

(test

modality)

ANOVA

yielded

a

signiticant

main effect

of

the

study

moda]ity

F(

1,

30)=

1O.2O,

and

interaction

F(1,

30)'-=･23,38,

Ps<.Ol,

This

result,

that

the

main effect

was

the

study

modality,

indicated

that

the

rate

of

false

recognition was

lower

after

the

visual

study

than

after

haptic

study.

This

main effect

may

refiect

an efliciency

advantage

of

the

visuai modality

for

object

identification.

The

interaction

reflected

the

modality

congruency:

the

fa]se

recognition

rate

was

lower

in

the

haptic

test

after

the

haptic

study, and

it

was

lower

in

the

visual

test

after

visual

study.

The

present

investigation

is

the

first

to

report

that

cues which

are

encoded

through

the

haptic

modality can reduce.falsc recognition.

We

suggest

that

the

mechanjsms

which mediate a modality congruency effect

probably

operate

across

multiple modalities.

References

Gallo,

D.

A.

McDermotL

K

B.

Percer,

J,

M,,

&

ger,

H,

L,

2001

Modality

effects

in

false

recall

and

false

recognition.

_fou?"nal

of

Emperimental

og)p:

Leaming

Mizmoi:y,

and

Cogveition,

27,

339-353.