δΦϑΣϯγϯάʹ͓͚ΔলిྗԽͷͨΊͷ
֤छηϯαΛ༻͍ͨ֎ఆख๏ͷݕ౼
খ ඒҮ
1தଜ Յོ
1,a)ؔ୩ ਔࢤ
1ຊా ໌
2ߴڮ म
1 ֓ཁɿδΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़ɼର͕Ծతʹઃஔ͞ΕͨڥքΛ௨աͨ͜͠ͱΛݕ͠ɼͦͷ ʹରͯ͋͠Β͔͡ΊܾΊΒΕͨॲཧΛ͕ࣗಈతʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼॴʹԠͨ͡αʔϏεΛఏڙ͢Δ ͜ͱ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δɽ͔͠͠ɼҐஔใͷݕग़ʹେ͖ͳిྗΛඞཁͱ͢ΔͨΊɼਤ্ͷԾڥք௨աΛ ͍͔ʹখ͍͞ফඅిྗͰݕग़͢Δ͔͕՝ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽ͜Ε·ͰʹɼͷҠಈݕग़ʹΑΔ੩ࢭ࣌ͷଌ Ґఀࢭɼঢ়گʹԠͨ͡ଌҐखஈͷΓସ͑ɼଌҐִؒͷՄมԽͳͲͷख๏Λ༻͍ͯলిྗԽΛ࣮ݱ͢Δख ๏͕ఏҊ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽ͜Εͷ3ͭͷػೳΛΈ߹Θͤɼ͞ΒͳΔলిྗԽΛਤΔख๏ݚڀ͞Ε͍ͯΔ͕ɼ ͍ͣΕͳͲͷGPSଌҐ͕ࠔͳঢ়گʹ͓͍ͯ༗ޮੑ͕Լ͢ΔɽຊߘͰɼ֤छηϯαΛ༻͍ ͯ֎Ͱࠩҟͷൃੜ͢ΔཧྔΛ؍ଌ͠ɼ֎ͷҠಈΛਪఆ͢Δ͜ͱʹΑͬͯɼࡏ࣌ͷGPSଌ ҐΛఀࢭ͠ɼδΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़ͷলిྗԽΛࢦ͢ɽ1. ͡Ίʹ
GPS(Global Positioning System)͕Έࠐ·ΕͨεϚʔ τσόΠεͷීٴʹΑΓɼҐஔใͷऔಘ͕༰қʹͳͬͨ ͨΊɼϢʔβͷҐஔʹԠͯ͡దͳαʔϏεΛఏڙ͢ΔҐ ஔใαʔϏεͷधཁ͕ߴ·͍ͬͯΔɽ͜ΕΒͷ͏ͪ෯ ͍Ԡ༻͕ظͰ͖ΔM2M(Machine to Machine)ܗࣜͷҐ ஔใαʔϏεఏڙख๏ͱͯ͠δΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़[1] ͕͞Ε͍ͯΔɽδΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़ɼαʔϏε ఏڙऀ͕Web্ͷਤͳͲʹ༧ΊԾతʹઃஔͨ͠ڥք ʢҎԼδΦϑΣϯεʣͱɼҐஔใऔಘՄೳͳΛ࣋ͬ ͨαʔϏεར༻ऀͱͷҐஔؔΛݕग़͠ɼར༻ऀͷδ ΦϑΣϯεͷग़ೖΓఆʹج͍ͮͯɼ༧ΊܾΊΒΕͨ ॲཧΛར༻ऀଆͷͰࣗಈతʹ࣮ߦ͢Δ͜ͱͰɼॴʹ Ԡͨ͡ใαʔϏεͷࣗಈతͳఏڙΛՄೳʹ͢Δɽδ ΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़Λར༻ͨ͠αʔϏεͱͯ͠“͝ information”[2]ɼ“Arrived!”[3]ɼར༻ऀͷҐஔใͱ࠷ دΓళฮͷใΛ࿈ಈͤͨ͞O2O(Online to Offine)αʔ Ϗεɼं྆ͷ౪ࢭडܐऀͷࢹͳͲͷҐஔࢹ αʔϏεͳͲ͕͋Δɽ δΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़Λ༻͍ͨαʔϏεΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊ 1 ެཱͩͯ͜ະདྷେֶ γεςϜใՊֶ෦
School of Systems Information Science, Future University Hakodate, Kamedanakano-cho 116-2, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041–8655, Japan 2 גࣜձࣾIDY IDY Corporation a) [email protected] ʹɼδΦϑΣϯε֎ͷఆΛਖ਼֬ʹߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δͨ Ίɼߴ͍ਫ਼ͷҐஔใΛऔಘ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ֎ʹ͓ ͚ΔδΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़Λ༻͍ͨαʔϏεͷଟ͘GPS ͔Βར༻ऀଆͷҐஔใΛऔಘ͓ͯ͠Γɼ͜ͷใ Λ༻͍ͯδΦϑΣϯε֎ͷఆΛߦ͍ͬͯΔɽ·ͨɼج ہ͔Βͷిڧ(Received Signal Strength Indicator, RSSI) Λར༻ͨ͠HexRinger[4]Λ༻͍ͨҐஔใऔಘํ ࣜଘࡏ͢Δɽ·ͨɼʹ͓͚ΔҐஔਪఆख๏ɼແઢ ௨৴ٕज़Λ༻͍ͯਪఆ͢Δͷ[5], [6]ɼແઢLANجہ ͷҐஔใͱRSSIΛ༻͍ͯਪఆ͢Δͷ[7]ɼFingerprint ํࣜΛ༻͍ͯਪఆ͢Δͷ[8], [9]͕͋Δɽ֎ͷΈɼ ͷΈʹ͓͚ΔδΦϑΣϯγϯάαʔϏεͷར༻Λߟ͑ͨ ߹ɼར༻ॴʹԠ্ͯ͡هͷ֤छҐஔใऔಘٕज़Λ༻ ͍ΕΑ͍͕ɼ֎ʹΘͨΔδΦϑΣϯεͷଘࡏΛߟ͑ ͨ߹ɼ༻ͱ֎༻ͷҐஔใऔಘٕज़Λซ༻ͯ͠༻ ͍Δඞཁ͕͋Δɽ δΦϑΣϯγϯάٕज़Λ༻͍Δࡍɼར༻ऀଆ͕ઈ͑ ͣࣗΒͷҐஔใΛऔಘ͠ଓ͚Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͕େ͖ͳ ͱͳ͍ͬͯΔɽҰൠʹGPSͳͲͷҐஔใऔಘٕज़ େ͖ͳిྗফඅΛඞཁͱ͢Δɽͨͱ͑ɼGPSΛৗ࣌ى ಈͨ͠ঢ়ଶͪड͚ঢ়ଶʹൺͯ120ഒͷిྗΛফඅ͢ Δɽݱঢ়Ͱར༻ऀͷిݯ༰ྔͦΕ΄Ͳେ͖͘ͳ͍ ͨΊɼ͜ͷిྗফඅδΦϑΣϯγϯάαʔϏεར༻ Մೳ࣌ؒͷॖͱ͍͏ʹͭͳ͕Δɽจݙ[10]Ͱར༻ ऀͷҠಈݕग़ػೳɼଌҐखஈସػೳɼ͓ΑͼִؒՄ มଌҐػೳΛΈ߹ΘͤΔ͜ͱͰҐஔใऔಘ࣌ͷফ
අిྗͷݮΛࢼΈ͍ͯΔɽ͔͠͠ɼ͜ͷख๏֎ʹ͓ ͚ΔଌҐͷΈΛఆ͍ͯ͠ΔͨΊɼؚΜͩδΦϑΣ ϯγϯάαʔϏεͰɼిྗݮޮՌ͕খ͘͞ͳΔɽҰํɼ จݙ[11]ɼؾԹใΛ༻͍ɼͳͲGPSଌҐ͕ෆՄ ೳͳঢ়گΛݕͯ͠GPSػೳΛOFFʹ͢Δ͜ͱͰফඅ ిྗΛݮ͍ͯ͠ΔɽδΦϑΣϯγϯάΛఆͨ͠ ߹ɼGPSͱҐஔਪఆख๏ΛΓସ͑ͳ͕Βซ༻ͯ͠ແ ବͳిྗΛݮ͢Δඞཁ͕͋Δ͕ɼؾԹใقઅఱީ ʹࠨӈ͞ΕΔͨΊɼਫ਼ͷߴ͍֎ఆ͕Ͱ͖ͣɼޮՌ తͳݮ͕Ͱ͖ͳ͍ঢ়گى͜Γ͏Δɽ ͦ͜ͰຊߘͰɼԹใʹՃ͑ɼরɾࢵ֎ઢྔͷ ใΛ༻͍ͯߴਫ਼ͳ֎ఆΛ࣮ݱ͠ɼ֎ʹ͓͚Δδ ΦϑΣϯγϯάαʔϏεͷిྗݮٕज़ͱΈ߹Θͤͯɼ δΦϑΣϯγϯάαʔϏεͷిྗফඅΛվળ͢Δख๏Λݕ ౼͢Δɽ
2. ؔ࿈ݚڀ
2.1 GPSଌҐ੍Λ༻͍ͨলిྗԽख๏ ফඅిྗͷେ͖͍GPSଌҐΛ੍͢ΔͨΊʹ༻͍ΒΕ Δख๏ɼҠಈݕग़ػೳɼଌҐखஈସػೳɼִؒՄมଌ Ґػೳͷ3ͭͷػೳΛ༻͍ͨͷ͕ଟ͘ݟΒΕΔɽ Ҡಈݕग़ػೳɼར༻ऀ͕੩ࢭ͍ͯ͠Δ߹ʹηϯ γϯάଌҐසΛ੍͢ΔͨΊʹར༻͞ΕΔɽGPSʹ Αͬͯऔಘ͞ΕͨҐஔใ͔Βɼ͕੩ࢭঢ়ଶͰ͋Δͱ ఆͰ͖Δ߹ɼGPSΛఀࢭͯ͠ՃηϯαΛىಈ͠ɼ ͷঢ়ଶΛࢹ͢Δɽ͕ҠಈΛ։࢝͠ɼՃ͕ܭ ଌ͞Εͨͱ͖ʹՃηϯαΛఀࢭͯ͠GPSΛىಈ͢Δɽ ར༻ऀࡏͱҠಈΛ܁Γฦͨ͢Ίɼࡏঢ়ଶͰͷଌҐΛ ੍Ͱ͖ɼޮՌతͳলిྗԽ͕ՄೳͱͳΔɽ͔͠͠ɼՃ ʹΑΔҠಈݕग़ػೳɼ͕Ҡಈ͠ଓ͚͍ͯΔঢ়ଶͰ ফඅిྗΛ੍Ͱ͖ͳ͍ͨΊɼจݙ[12]ͰɼҠಈݕग़ ػೳΛ֦ுͯ͠ՃηϯαʹΑΔҠಈݕग़λΠϛϯάΛ Ծڥք·ͰͷڑʹԠͯ͡มԽͤ͞ΔػೳΛՃ͍ͯ͠ ΔɽԾڥք·Ͱͷڑ͕Ε͍ͯΔ΄Ͳɼߴͷ ҠಈखஈΛར༻͢Δʹ͋Δͱߟ͑ΒΕ͓ͯΓɼ͜ͷख ๏Ͱɼݕग़࿙ΕΛ੍͢ΔͨΊʹԾڥք·Ͱͷڑͷ ฏํࠜʹൺྫ͢ΔΛݕग़ִؒͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷػೳʹΑ ΓɼGPSͷεϦʔϓঢ়ଶΛ࣌ؒҡ࣋͢Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖Δɽ ଌҐखஈସػೳɼڥʹԠͯ͡ΑΓফඅిྗͷখ͍͞ ଌҐखஈʹΓସ͑ΔͨΊʹ༻͍ΒΕΔɽจݙ[1], [14] GPSଌҐͱແઢجہଌҐΛ༻͍ɼ֤ଌҐखஈͷଌҐޡࠩ ਫ४ͱ͔ΒԾڥք·ͰͷڑΛߟྀ͍ͯ͠ΔɽԾ ڥք·Ͱͷڑ͕ଌҐޡࠩਫ४ΑΓेେ͖͍߹ɼফ අిྗͷେ͖͍GPSଌҐΛఀࢭͯ͠ফඅిྗͷখ͍͞ج ہଌҐʹΓସ͑Δ͜ͱͰলిྗԽΛ࣮ݱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ ִؒՄมଌҐػೳɼԾڥքͱͷڑΛࢉग़͠, ͦͷڑͱ༧͞ΕΔ͔ۙΒԾڥքͷ౸ୡ࣌ ؒΛࢉग़͠ɼଌҐִؒΛௐ͢Δ͜ͱͰଌҐճΛݮ͢ Δ[15], [16]ɽ͜ͷػೳΛར༻͢Δ߹ɼۙͷ༧ଌ͕ ͱͳΔɽ͕Ҡಈ͠͏Δ࠷େͷΛࣄલʹ༧ଌ ͠ɼར༻͢Δͷ͕͋Δ͕ɼจݙ[17]ͰɼΛݻఆ ͱ͢ΔҎ্ɼফඅిྗͷ੍ޮՌݶఆతͰ͋Δͱ͍ͯ͠ Δɽจݙ[12] ͰִؒՄมଌҐػೳʹ͓͚Δۙͷ ิਖ਼ΞϧΰϦζϜͱͯ͠ɼઢܗิਖ਼ํࣜɼ෦తิਖ਼ڧԽ ํࣜɼৗ࣌ิਖ਼ڧԽํࣜͷ3ํࣜΛఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ΕΒ ͷํࣜͰɼԾڥքͷํͱϢʔβͷਐߦํͷͳ֯͢ Λۙ֯ͱఆٛ͠ɼۙ֯ͷେ͖͞ʹԠͯۙ͡ ͕খ͘͞ͳΔΑ͏ʹΛิਖ਼͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ΕʹΑΓɼ ͷਐߦํ͕Ծڥք͔ΒΕΔʹैͬͯɼଌҐλΠ ϛϯάͷִؒΛ૿େͤͯ͞ଌҐճΛ੍͠ɼলిྗԽΛ ਤ͍ͬͯΔɽ จݙ[10]ͰɼδΦϑΣϯγϯάʹ͓͍ͯޮՌతͳলి ྗԽΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊʹɼ͜ΕΒͷҠಈݕग़ػೳɼଌҐखஈ ସػೳ͓ΑͼִؒՄมଌҐػೳΛΈ߹Θͤͨফඅిྗ ݮख๏ΛఏҊ͍ͯ͠Δɽ 2.2 ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯάΛ༻͍ͨলిྗԽख๏ GPSɼGPSӴͷݕग़࣌ʹେ͖͘ిྗΛফඅ͢Δͨ ΊɼͳͲͷGPSଌҐ͕͍͠ॴʹ͓͍ͯGPSΛى ಈͨ͠··ʹ͓ͯ͘͜͠ͱແବͳిྗΛେྔʹফඅ͢Δ ͜ͱʹͳΔɽͦ͜Ͱจݙ[13]ͰɼଌҐਫ਼ͱফඅి ྗͷ͔ؔΒɼଌҐखஈͱͯ͠GPSΛ༏ઌͯ͠ར༻͢ Δ͜ͱ͕·͍͠ͱ͠ɼGPSଌҐ͕ࠔͰ͋Δॴɼ͢ͳ ΘͪͰGPSଌҐΛఀࢭ͠ɼGPSଌҐ͕Մೳͳॴɼ ͢ͳΘͪ֎ʹҠಈ࣍ୈɼGPSଌҐΛ࠶։͢Δ͜ͱͰফඅ ిྗͷݮΛࢦ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͕͔Β֎ɼ͠ ͔͘Β֎Ҡಈͨ͠߹ɼͦͷपลؾԹେ͖͘ มԽ͍ͯ͠ΔՄೳੑ͕ߴ͍. ͦ͜Ͱɼ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯ άΛਪఆ͢Δख๏ͱͯ͠ؾԹใΛ༻͍Δख๏ΛఏҊͯ͠ ͍Δɽ͜ͷख๏ͰɼԹηϯαΛ༻͍ͯఆظతʹͷ पลؾԹΛه͠ɼͦͷؾԹมԽ͕େ͖͍࣌ؒΛ֎ͷ ҠಈλΠϛϯάͰ͋Δͱਪఆ͍ͯ͠Δɽ จݙ[18]Ͱ2010ͷ౦ژʹ͓͚Δ֤قઅͷฏۉ ؾԹΛௐ͍ࠪͯ͠Δɽ͜Εͱؾிͷ؍ଌͨ͠2010ͷ ֎ฏۉؾԹ[19]Λൺֱ͢Δͱɼද1ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɽ͜Ε ද1 2010౦ژʹ͓͚Δ֎Թࠩ قઅ ฏۉؾԹ(◦C) ֎ฏۉؾԹ(◦C) Թࠩ(◦C) य़ 20.2 13.5 6.7 Ն 28.0 27.1 0.9 ळ 24.7 19.2 5.5 ౙ 17.6 7.8 9.8 ʹΑΔͱɼՆҎ֎ͷقઅʹ͓͍ͯ֎ʹҰఆҎ্ͷԹ ͕ࠩ͋ΓɼԹʹΑΔ֎Ҡಈਪఆ͕ՄೳͰ͋ΔΑ͏ ʹݟ͑Δɽ͔͠͠ɼՆԹ͕ࠩ΄ͱΜͲͳ͍͜ͱɼݐ ͷߏʹΑͬͯ֎ͷԹ͕ࠩখ͘͞ͳΔ͜ͱ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔͨΊɼԹͷΈʹΑΔਪఆͰਖ਼֬ͳ֎Ҡಈ ਪఆ͍͠ɽ·ͨɼར༻ऀΛܞଳ͢Δ͜ͱΛఆ͠ ͨ߹ɼࣗར༻ऀͷମɼେؾҎ֎ͷൃମ͕ Թηϯαʹ༩͑ΔӨڹେ͖͘ͳΔɽ͜ͷͨΊɼޮՌత ͳফඅిྗͷݮΛ࣮ݱ͢ΔͨΊʹɼԹҎ֎ͷใΛ ༻͍ͯ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯάਪఆͷਫ਼Λ্ͤ͞Δඞཁ ͕͋Δɽ
3. ఏҊख๏
ԹҎ֎ʹ֎Ͱಛ͕ҟͳΔཧྔͱͯ͠ɼর͓ Αͼࢵ֎ઢྔ͕ڍ͛ΒΕΔɽরؒͷ֎ɼؒͷ ɼனؒͷɼಶఱɾӍఱ࣌ͷனؒͷ֎ɼఱ࣌ͷன ؒͷ֎Ͱେ͖͘ҟͳΔ͕ಘΒΕΔ͜ͱ͕ΒΕ͍ͯ Δ[20]ɽྫ͑ɼؒͷ֗౮ͷরͱͷܬޫ౮ͷর ʹ50ʙ1000ഒͷ͕ࠩ͋Δɽ·ͨɼࢵ֎ઢΨϥεΛִ ͯΔ͚ͩͰେ͕ःஅ͞ΕΔͨΊɼ֎ͷ10%ҎԼ ʹͳΔͱ͍͏ௐࠪ݁Ռ͕͋Δ[21]ɽͦ͜ͰɼຊߘͰɼԹ ηϯαʹՃ͑ɼরηϯαɼࢵ֎ઢηϯαΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱ ʹΑΓɼΑΓਖ਼֬ͳ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯάਪఆํࣜΛݕ౼ ͠ɼطଘͷ֎δΦϑΣϯγϯάলిྗԽٕज़ͱΈ߹Θ ͤΔ͜ͱͰΑΓޮՌతͳফඅిྗݮख๏ΛఏҊ͢Δɽ 3.1 ఆڥ ·ͣɼར༻ऀʹGPSϞδϡʔϧɼՃηϯαɼ Թηϯαɼরηϯαɼࢵ֎ઢηϯα͕ࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔ ͷͱ͢Δɽ·ͨɼδΦϑΣϯε֎ʹލ͕ͬͯઃఆ ͞ΕΔΑ͏ͳέʔεΛఆ͢Δɽ 3.2 ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯάͷਪఆ ֎͔ΒʹೖΔ߹ɼ·ͣGPSଌҐ͕ਖ਼͍݁͠Ռ Λฦ͞ͳ͘ͳΓɼͦͷޙ֎ͷڥࠩʹԠͯ͡Թɾর ɾࢵ֎ઢྔͷ֤ཧྔͷมԽ͕࢝·Δɽٯʹ͔Β ֎ʹग़Δ߹ɼ֤ཧྔ͕มԽ࢝͠Ίͨޙʹɼਖ਼͍͠ GPSଌҐ݁Ռ͕ಘΒΕΔΑ͏ʹͳΔɽैͬͯɼ֤ηϯαͷ ىಈɾఀࢭΛಉ࣌ʹߦ͏ͱɼোͳͲͰGPSଌҐ͕͠ ʹ͍͘Օॴʹೖ͙ͬͯ͢ʹग़͖ͯͨʢ֎ʹग़ͯ͢ ͙ʹʹͬͨʣ߹ͳͲʹɼݱࡏͷঢ়گΛѲͰ͖ͳ ͘ͳΔ͕۫͋Δɽྫ͑ɼ֎ʹ͍Δʹ͔͔ΘΒͣ ʹ͍Δͱఆͯ͠ɼGPSϞδϡʔϧΛىಈ͠ͳ͍ঢ়ଶΛҡ ࣋͠ଓ͚ͯ͠·͏ύλʔϯ͕ߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ ͦ͜Ͱɼ֎Ϟʔυɼ֎ҠಈఆϞʔυɼϞʔυ ͷ3ͭͷঢ়ଶΛ༻ҙ͢Δɽ֎ϞʔυͰGPSϞδϡʔ ϧͷΈΛىಈͯ͠ɼଌҐΛߦ͏ɽGPS͕ෆਖ਼֬ͳଌҐ݁Ռ Λฦͩͨ࣌͠͠Ͱɼ֎͔ΒͷҠಈ͕։࢝͞Εͯ ͍Δͱ༧ଌͰ͖ΔͨΊɼ֎ҠಈఆϞʔυʹೖΔɽ ֎ҠಈఆϞʔυͰGPSϞδϡʔϧͱͱʹԹɾ রɾࢵ֎ઢͷ֤ηϯαΛىಈ͢ΔɽͷҠಈྃޙ ͷϞʔυͰɼGPSϞδϡʔϧΛఀࢭ͠ɼจݙ[22]ͳ ͲͷطଘͷҐஔਪఆख๏Λ༻͍ͯδΦϑΣϯγϯάΛ ܧଓ͢ΔɽϞʔυʹ͓͍֤ͯηϯαͷσʔλʹมԽ͕ ݱΕͨͱ͖ʹGPSϞδϡʔϧΛىಈͯ͠֎Ҡಈ ఆϞʔυʹΔɽ ͜ͷ࣌ͷঢ়ଶભҠਤ1ͷΑ͏ʹͳΔɽ GPS: ON Thermometer: OFF Illuminometer: OFF Ultraviolet sensor: OFFGPS: ON Thermometer: ON Illuminometer: ON Ultraviolet sensor: ON ਜ਼૭ચ 測位不可能 GPS: OFF Thermometer: ON Illuminometer: ON Ultraviolet sensor: ON ആ২৲؞ස২৲؞ ྏਗ৲॑ਫ਼ল ആ২৲؞ ස২৲؞ ྏਗ৲ ॑ਫ਼ল ਜ਼૭ચ ਤ1 ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯάਪఆ 3.3 লిྗδΦϑΣϯγϯάख๏ จݙ[10]ͷطଘδΦϑΣϯγϯάख๏Λ֦ுͯ͠ɼ3.2અ ͷ֎ҠಈλΠϛϯάਪఆػೳΛऔΓೖΕΔ͜ͱͰɼ ͷফඅిྗΛݮͨ͠δΦϑΣϯγϯάख๏ΛఏҊ͢Δɽ ఏҊδΦϑΣϯγϯάख๏ͷ֓ཁਤ2ͷ௨ΓͰ͋Δɽ GPS: ON Accelerometer: OFF Thermometer: OFF Illuminometer: OFF Ultraviolet sensor: OFF
GPS: OFF Accelerometer: ON Thermometer: OFF Illuminometer: OFF Ultraviolet sensor: OFF
GPS: ON Accelerometer: OFF Thermometer: ON Illuminometer: ON Ultraviolet sensor: ON ॑ ਫ਼ল ಯૃ૾ଙ॑ਫ਼ল ਜ਼૭ચ 測位不可能 GPS: OFF Accelerometer: OFF Thermometer: ON Illuminometer: ON Ultraviolet sensor: ON ആ২৲؞ස২৲؞ ྏਗ৲॑ਫ਼ল ആ২৲؞ ස২৲؞ ྏਗ৲ ॑ਫ਼ল ਜ਼૭ચ ਫ਼লਃચ>@ A B C D ਤ2 ఏҊδΦϑΣϯγϯάख๏֓ཁ ·ͣɼ֎ࡏ࣌ར༻ऀ͕Ҡಈ͍ͯ͠ΔݶΓGPSଌ ҐΛܧଓ͠ɼδΦϑΣϯεͱͷҐஔؔΛࢹ͠ଓ͚Δ ʢঢ়ଶAɿ֎Ϟʔυʣɽ͜ͷͱ͖ɼจݙ[10]ͷҠಈݕग़ ػೳɾଌҐखஈସػೳɾִؒՄมଌҐػೳΛ༻͍Δ͜ͱ ͰলిྗԽΛਤΔʢঢ়ଶBʣɽҰํɼGPSϞδϡʔϧ͕ෆ ਖ਼ͳҐஔใΛฦ͢ͳͲɼਖ਼͍͠ଌҐ͕ࠔͳঢ়گʹͳͬ ͨ߹ɼGPSϞδϡʔϧҎ֎ͷԹηϯαɾরηϯαɾ ࢵ֎ઢηϯαΛىಈ͠ɼपลঢ়گͷࢹΛ։࢝͢Δʢঢ়ଶ Cɿ֎ҠಈఆϞʔυʣɽͦͷޙɼ࠶ͼGPSଌҐ͕Մ
ೳͱͳͬͨ߹ɼ֎Ͱ͋Δͱஅͯ͠Թɾরɾࢵ ֎ઢͷ֤ηϯαΛఀࢭ͠ɼGPSʹΑΔ֎δΦϑΣϯγϯ άΛܧଓ͢Δʢঢ়ଶAʣɽ֎͔ΒͷҠಈ͕ߦΘΕ ͨ߹ʹɼԹɾরɾࢵ֎ઢྔͷ͍ͣΕ͔ʹ͓͍ͯٸ ܹͳมಈ͕ಘΒΕΔɽͦ͜Ͱɼ͜ΕΒͷηϯαʹ͓͍ͯ؍ ଌͨ͠σʔλͷมԽྔ͕ҰఆͷᮢΛ͑ͨ߹ʹɼ ֎ͷҠಈ͕ߦΘΕͨͱਪఆ͢Δʢঢ়ଶC → Dʣɽ֤ηϯα ͷ؍ଌσʔλͷมಈ͕ͳ͘ͳΓɼ֎Ҡಈ͕ྃͨ͠ͱ ਪఆ͞Εͨ߹ɼGPSΛఀࢭ͠ɼԹηϯαɾরηϯ αɾࢵ֎ઢηϯαʹΑΔͰͷҠಈΛࢹ͢Δঢ়ଶʹҠ ߦ͢Δʢঢ়ଶDɿϞʔυʣɽͰ༻δΦϑΣ ϯγϯάख๏Λ༻͍ͯδΦϑΣϯγϯάΛܧଓ͢Δɽ Ϟʔυʹ͓͍ͯɼ֤ηϯαͰ͔Β֎ͷҠಈʹ͢ ΔมԽྔ͕؍ଌ͞Εͨ߹ɼGPSϞδϡʔϧΛىಈͯ͠ଌ ҐΛ։࢝͠ɼ֎ͰͷҠಈʹඋ͑Δʢঢ়ଶCɿ֎Ҡಈ ఆϞʔυʣɽ
4. ࣮ݧ
4.1 ԹʹΑΔ֎ਪఆ ԹʹΑΔ֎ਪఆ͕ՄೳͰ͋Δ͔Ͳ͏͔Λ֬ೝ͢Δ ͨΊɼεϚʔτϑΥϯଂηϯαٴͼ֎͚ԹηϯαΛ ༻͍ͯɼԹมԽͷܭଌ࣮ݧΛߦͬͨɽ·ͣɼεϚʔτϑΥϯʢSamsungGALAXY SIIʣ ͷ෦ԹηϯαʹΑͬͯɼ֎ΛҠಈͨ͠ࡍͷԹΛ ܭଌͨ͠ɽ201312݄ʹެཱͩͯ͜ະདྷେֶʹ࣮ͯ ݧΛߦ͍ɼܭଌ։͔࢝Β1ޙʢ=60ඵޙʣʹ͔Β ֎ʹҠಈ͢ΔγφϦΦͰܭଌ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷ࣌ͷԹ 23◦Cɼ֎Թ0◦CͰ͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼԹηϯ αͷܭଌपظ30ඵͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ ܭଌ݁Ռਤ3ͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽॎ͕࣠ܭଌ͞ΕͨԹ ʢ◦Cʣɼԣ࣠ܭଌ։͔࢝Βͷܦա࣌ؒʢsecʣͰ͋Δɽܭଌ Ϭ ϱ ϭϬ ϭϱ ϮϬ Ϯϱ 㼠㼠㼠㼠㼑㼑㼑㼑 㼙 㼙 㼙 㼙 㼜㼜㼜㼜㼑㼑㼑㼑 㼞㼞㼞㼞㼍㼍㼍㼍 㼠㼠㼠㼠㼡㼡㼡㼡 㼞㼞㼞㼞㼑㼑㼑㼑 㻔㻔㻔㻔䉝 䉝 䉝 䉝 㻕㻕㻕㻕 ᐃᐃᐃᐃ㛤㛤㛤㛤ጞጞጞጞ䛛䛛䛛䜙䛛䜙䛾䜙䜙䛾䛾⤒䛾⤒⤒⤒㐣㐣㐣㐣㛫㛫㛫㛫㻔㻔㻔㻔㼟㼟㼟㼟㻕㻕㻕㻕 㻟㻜 㻢㻜 㻥㻜 㻝㻞㻜 㻝㻡㻜 㻝㻤㻜 㻞㻝㻜 㻜㻞㻠 㻞㻣㻜 㻟㻜㻜 㻟㻟㻜 㻟㻢㻜 㻟㻥㻜 㻠㻞㻜 㻠㻡㻜 㻠㻤㻜 㻜㻡㻝 㻡㻠㻜 㻡㻣㻜 㻢㻜㻜 㻢㻟㻜 ોਗॱॖথॢ ਤ3 ଂԹηϯαΛ༻͍ͨԹมԽܭଌ ݁ՌΑΓɼ͔Β֎ʹҠಈͯ͠͠Βͨ͘͠ޙ͔Βɼ ܭଌԹ͕ঃʑʹԼ࢝͠ΊΔ͕ɼҠಈޙ10ܦͬͯ 10◦Cఔ͔͠Լ͓ͯ͠Βͣɼ֎Ҡಈʹ͏Թ มԽʹਵͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ ࣍ʹ֎͚ͷԹηϯαʢNational Semiconductorࣾ LM35CZʣʹΑͬͯɼ֎ΛҠಈͨ͠ࡍͷԹΛܭଌ͠ ͨɽ201312݄ʹެཱͩͯ͜ະདྷେֶʹ࣮ͯݧΛߦ ͍ɼܭଌ։͔࢝Β3ޙʢ=180ඵޙʣʹ͔Β֎ʹ Ҡಈ͢ΔγφϦΦͰܭଌ͍ͯ͠Δɽ͜ͷ࣌ͷԹ 23◦Cɼ֎Թ0◦CͰ͋ͬͨɽ·ͨɼԹηϯαͷ ܭଌपظ1ඵͱ͍ͯ͠Δɽ ܭଌ݁Ռਤ4ͷΑ͏ʹͳͬͨɽॎ͕࣠ܭଌ͞ΕͨԹ ʢ◦Cʣɼԣ࣠ܭଌ։͔࢝Βͷܦա࣌ؒʢsecʣͰ͋Δɽܭଌ Ϭ ϱ ϭϬ ϭϱ ϮϬ Ϯϱ ϯϬ ϭ ϭϬ ϭϵ Ϯϴ ϯϳ ϰϲ ϱϱ ϲϰ ϳϯ ϴϮ ϵϭϭϬϬ ϭϬ ϵ ϭϭ ϴ ϭϮ ϳ ϭϯ ϲ ϭϰ ϱ ϭϱ ϰ ϭϲ ϯ ϭϳ Ϯ ϭϴ ϭ ϭϵ Ϭ ϭϵ ϵ ϮϬ ϴ Ϯϭ ϳ ϮϮ ϲ Ϯϯ ϱ Ϯϰ ϰ Ϯϱ ϯ Ϯϲ Ϯ Ϯϳ ϭ Ϯϴ Ϭ Ϯϴ ϵ Ϯϵ ϴ ϯϬ ϳ ϯϭ ϲ ϯϮ ϱ ϯϯ ϰ ϯϰ ϯ ϯϱ Ϯ 㼠㼠㼠㼠㼑㼑㼑㼑 㼙 㼙 㼙 㼙 㼜㼜㼜㼜㼑㼑㼑㼑 㼞㼞㼞㼞㼍㼍㼍㼍 㼠㼠㼠㼠㼡㼡㼡㼡 㼞㼞㼞㼞㼑㼑㼑㼑 㻔㻔㻔㻔䉝 䉝 䉝 䉝 㻕㻕㻕㻕 ᐃᐃᐃ㛤ᐃ㛤㛤㛤ጞጞጞጞ䛛䛛䛛䛛䜙䜙䛾䜙䜙䛾䛾䛾⤒⤒⤒⤒㐣㐣㐣㐣㛫㛫㛫㛫㻔㻔㻔㻔㼟㼟㼟㼟㻕㻕㻕㻕 ોਗॱॖথॢ ਤ4 ֎͚ԹηϯαΛ༻͍ͨԹมԽܭଌ ݁Ռ͔Βɼ͔Β֎ʹҠಈͨ͠λΠϛϯάͰɼٸܹʹ Թσʔλ͕Լ͍ͯ͠Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ εϚʔτϑΥϯͷ෦ԹηϯαεϚʔτϑΥϯͷ όοςϦԹܭଌΛతʹࡌ͞Ε͍ͯΔɽͦͷͨΊɼ ෦ԹηϯαʹΑΔԹܭଌɼ͔ࣗΒൃੜ͢Δ ͷӨڹΛେ͖͘ड͚͓ͯΓɼपลԹͷܭଌʹෆ ͖Ͱ͋Δͱݴ͑ΔɽҰํɼ֎͚ͷԹηϯαΛ༻͍Εɼ ࣗͷͷӨڹΛখ͘͢͞Δ͜ͱ͕Ͱ͖ɼൺֱతਖ਼֬ ͳपลԹΛܭଌՄೳͰ͋ΔɽҎ্ͷ݁ՌΑΓɼ֎ ͚ͷԹηϯαΛ༻͍ͨ߹ɼ͔Β֎ͷҠಈͷ ਪఆ͕ेՄೳͰ͋Δɽ 4.2 রʹΑΔ֎ਪఆ
λϒϨοτNEXUS 7(ASUSME370T)ͷଂর ܭΛ༻͍ɼ201410݄ʹެཱͩͯ͜ະདྷେֶʹ͓ ͍ͯɼ֎ʹ͓͚Δরͷൺֱ࣮ݧΛߦͬͨɽਤ5ͷΑ ͏ʹߍࣷೆ໘ɼఱҪͷҰ෦͕ΨϥεுΓͰ͋ΓɼҰൠత ͳݐΑΓ֎ͷর͕ࠩখ͍͞ڥͰ͋Δɽ·ͣɼಶ Γͷʢ201410݄8ʣʹɼΛମલ໘ʹอ࣋͠ͳ ͕Βਤ6ͷΑ͏ͳܦ࿏ͰҠಈ͠ɼͦͷؒ࿈ଓతʹরܭଌ ࣮ݧΛߦͬͨɽ͜ͷ࣮ݧͰ13࣌4202ඵͷ࣌Ͱ ֎͔ΒʹೖΓɼ13࣌4455ඵͰҰ୴֎ʹग़ͯɼ13 ࣌4645ඵ࣌Ͱ࠶ͼʹೖ͍ͬͯΔɽͪͳΈʹɼ͜ ͷͱ͖ͷGPSଌҐ݁Ռਤ7ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓɼͰͷҐ ஔਪఆ΄ͱΜͲͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ রܭଌ݁ Ռਤ8ͷ௨ΓͰ͋Δɽॎ࣠রʢlxʣɼԣ࣠࣌ࠁΛද Θ͍ͯ͠ΔɽಶΓͷͰ͋ΔͨΊʹɼӢͷҠಈݐʹΑ ΔޫͷःณʹΑͬͯর͕ࠩੜ͍ͯ͡ΔͷͷɼͰ
ਤ5 ࣮ݧڥ ਤ6 ࣮ݧܦ࿏ ਤ7 GPSܭଌ݁ՌʢಶΓʣ ͷরͦΕΒͷরΑΓͣͬͱ͍ͨΊɼͱ֎Λ ผ͢Δᮢ͕ଘࡏ͠͏Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ ·ͨɼΕͷʢ201410݄9ʣʹಉҰڥʹ͓͍ ͯ࿈ଓతʹরܭଌ࣮ݧΛߦͬͨɽ͜ͷ࣮ݧͰ14࣌03 21ඵͷ࣌Ͱ֎͔ΒʹೖΓɼ14࣌0531ඵͰ Ұ୴֎ʹग़ͯɼ14࣌0705ඵ࣌Ͱ࠶ͼʹೖͬͯ ͍Δɽ͜ͷͱ͖ͷGPSଌҐ݁Ռਤ9ͷΑ͏ʹͳΓɼ ΓͰͷҐஔਪఆ΄ͱΜͲͰ͖͍ͯͳ͍͜ͱ͕Θ͔ Ϭ ϭϬϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϬϬ ϯϬϬϬϬ ϰϬϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬϬ ϲϬϬϬϬ ϳϬϬϬϬ ϴϬϬϬϬ ϵϬϬϬϬ ϭϯ ͗ϰ Ϭ͗ Ϭϴ ϭϯ ͗ϰ Ϭ͗ ϯϯ ϭϯ ͗ϰ Ϭ͗ ϱϴ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϭ͗ Ϯϰ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϭ͗ ϱϬ ϭϯ ͗ϰ Ϯ͗ ϭϱ ϭϯ ͗ϰ Ϯ͗ ϰϬ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϯ͗ Ϭϱ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϰ͗ Ϭϳ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϰ͗ ϯϰ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϱ͗ Ϭϭ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϱ͗ Ϯϲ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϱ͗ ϱϭ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϲ͗ ϮϬ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϲ͗ ϰϱ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϳ͗ ϭϭ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϳ͗ ϯϳ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϴ͗ ϬϮ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϴ͗ Ϯϵ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϴ͗ ϱϱ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϵ͗ Ϯϱ ϭϯ ͗ϰ ϵ͗ ϱϭ ϭϯ ͗ϱ Ϭ͗ ϮϮ ϭϯ ͗ϱ Ϭ͗ ϰϵ ϭϯ ͗ϱ ϭ͗ ϭϱ ϭϯ ͗ϱ ϭ͗ ϰϭ ϭϯ ͗ϱ Ϯ͗ Ϭϳ ϭϯ ͗ϱ Ϯ͗ ϯϮ ϭϯ ͗ϱ Ϯ͗ ϱϵ 㼕㼘㼘 㼡㼙 㼕㼚 㼍㼚 㼏㼑 㻔㼘㼤 㻕 㼠㼕㼙㼑 ਤ8 রมԽʢಶΓʣ Δɽরܭଌ݁Ռਤ10ͷ௨ΓͰ͋Δɽॎ࣠রʢlxʣɼ ਤ9 GPSܭଌ݁ՌʢΕʣ ԣ࣠࣌ࠁΛදΘ͍ͯ͠ΔɽಶΓͷΑΓ֎Ͱશମ Ϭ ϭϬϬϬϬ ϮϬϬϬϬ ϯϬϬϬϬ ϰϬϬϬϬ ϱϬϬϬϬ ϲϬϬϬϬ ϳϬϬϬϬ ϴϬϬϬϬ ϵϬϬϬϬ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ Ϭ͗ ϭϰ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ Ϭ͗ ϯϵ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϭ͗ Ϭϯ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϭ͗ ϯϬ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϭ͗ ϱϰ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ Ϯ͗ ϭϴ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ Ϯ͗ ϰϯ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϯ͗ Ϭϲ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϯ͗ ϯϬ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϯ͗ ϱϰ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϰ͗ ϱϱ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϱ͗ ϮϮ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϱ͗ ϰϲ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϲ͗ ϭϬ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϲ͗ ϯϯ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϲ͗ ϱϳ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϳ͗ Ϯϲ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϳ͗ ϱϬ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϴ͗ ϭϱ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϴ͗ ϰϯ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϵ͗ ϭϭ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϵ͗ ϯϱ ϭϰ ͗Ϭ ϵ͗ ϱϴ ϭϰ ͗ϭ Ϭ͗ Ϯϰ ϭϰ ͗ϭ Ϭ͗ ϰϴ ϭϰ ͗ϭ ϭ͗ ϭϮ ϭϰ ͗ϭ ϭ͗ ϯϲ ϭϰ ͗ϭ Ϯ͗ ϬϬ ϭϰ ͗ϭ Ϯ͗ Ϯϰ ŝůů Ƶŵ ŝŶ ĂŶ ĐĞ ;ůdž Ϳ ƚŝŵĞ ਤ10 রมԽʢΕʣ తʹর͕ߴ͘ͳ͍ͬͯΔͷͷɼͰͷর΄ͱΜ ͲมΘ͓ͬͯΒͣɼ͜ͷ߹ͱ֎Λผ͢Δᮢ ͕ଘࡏ͠͏Δ͜ͱ͕Θ͔Δɽ
͜ΕΒͷ࣮ݧ݁ՌΑΓɼனؒͷ࣌ؒଳͰরʹΑΔ ͔Β֎ͷҠಈͷਪఆेՄೳͰ͋Δͱ͍͑Δɽ
5. ফඅిྗʹؔ͢Δߟ
GPSϞδϡʔϧΛଞͷηϯαʹΓସ͑ͨ߹ͷফඅ ిྗͷࠩΛௐࠪͨ͠ɽ༻ͨ͠ηϯαεϚʔτϑΥϯ ༻ʹ༻͍ΒΕ͍ͯΔͷͰ͋ΓɼBroadcomGPSϞ δϡʔϧBCM4751ɼଜా࡞ॴরηϯαLT-1PA01ɼ ϥϐεηϛίϯμΫλࢵ֎ઢηϯαML8511ɼNational SemiconductorࣾԹηϯαLM35CZͰ͋Δɽൺֱ݁ Ռද2ͷ௨ΓͰ͋ΔɽͲͷηϯαGPSϞδϡʔϧʹ ൺ֨ஈʹ͍ফඅిྗͰ͋Δͱ͍͑ɼෳͷηϯαΛಉ ࣌ʹىಈͨ͠߹ͰɼGPSϞδϡʔϧΛىಈ͢ΔΑΓ ిྗʹͰ͖Δɽ͜ͷͨΊɼGPSଌҐ͕ࠔͳʹ͓͍ ͯ͜ΕΒͷηϯαͰ֎ҠಈͷਪఆΛߦ͏͜ͱɼδΦ ϑΣϯγϯάͷলిྗԽʹߩݙͰ͖Δͱߟ͑ΒΕΔɽ ද2 ηϯαͷফඅిྗ ηϯα ফඅిྲྀ GPSϞδϡʔϧͱͷൺֱ GPSϞδϡʔϧ 50 mA 1 রηϯα 80 μA 1/1000 ࢵ֎ઢηϯα 300 μA 1/100 Թηϯα 70 μA 1/10006. ·ͱΊ
ຊߘͰɼԹηϯα͓Αͼরηϯαɼࢵ֎ઢηϯα Λ༻͍ͯɼΑΓਖ਼֬ͳ֎ͷҠಈλΠϛϯάΛਪఆ͢Δ ͜ͱͰɼͷ߹ͷΈGPSଌҐΛఀࢭͤ͞ɼʹ͓ ͚ΔిྗফඅΛ͑Δख๏ΛఏҊͨ͠ɽ࣮ݧͷ݁ՌɼԹ ηϯα͓ΑͼরηϯαΛ༻͍ͨ߹ɼ֎ͷҠಈΛਪ ఆ͢Δʹेͳཧྔͷࠩҟ͕؍ଌ͞Εͨɽࠓޙɼࢵ֎ ઢηϯαΛ༻͍ͨࢵ֎ઢมԽྔධՁ࣮ݧɼ͓Αͼقઅɾఱ ީɾ࣌ؒΛมԽ༷ͤͨ͞ʑͳڥʹ͓͚Δ֎ਪఆͷ ਫ਼ධՁΛߦ͏ඞཁ͕͋Δɽ ࢀߟจݙ[1] U. Bareth: “Privacy-aware and Energy-efficient Geofenc-ing through Reverse Cellular PositionGeofenc-ing,” ProceedGeofenc-ings of the 8th International Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC2012), pp.153-158, 2012.
[2] NTT λ ϯ ϖ ʔ δ ג ࣜ ձ ࣾ: “͝ information,”
https://itp.ne.jp/contents/sangyohyakusen/ mitoshi/appinfo/index.html.
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