加圧板法と土柱法に基づく砂の水・油・空気3相保持特性の考察
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(2) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. ട᧼ᴺߣᩇᴺߦၮߠߊ ⍾ߩ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇⋧ᜬ․ᕈߩ⠨ኤ ᯅ⑲ⴕ1㨯⮮ ஜ2㨯ዊ⚐৻3 1ᱜળຬ. ᄢหᎿᬺᄢቇഥᢎ ᎿቇㇱㇺᏒⅣႺ࠺ࠩࠗࡦቇ⑼㧔ޥ457-8532 ฬฎደᏒධ⊕᳓↸40⇟㧕 E-mail:[email protected] 2ᱜળຬ ጘ㒂ᄢቇᢎ Ꮏቇㇱ␠ળၮ⋚Ꮏቇ⑼㧔ޥ501-1193 ጘ㒂Ꮢᩉᚭ1⇟1㧕 E-mail:[email protected] 3ᱜળຬ ାᎺᄢቇᢎ Ꮏቇㇱ␠ળ㐿⊒Ꮏቇ⑼㧔ޥ380-8553 㐳㊁Ꮢ⧯㉿྾ৼ⋡17⇟1ภ㧕 E-mail:[email protected]. ⋚ߩᄙ⋧ᵹ⸃ᨆߢ↪ࠄࠇࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧ᜬ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆ⚻㛎ᑼࠍട᧼ᴺߣᩇᴺߢีߒߚ㧚 ട᧼ᴺߢߪ3⋧♽᳓ಽ㘻ᐲߣ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߪᴤጀෘߩ⭯ߣ߈ߦㄭ୯ߣߥߞߚ߇㧘ᩇᴺߢߪ ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲߣᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߪᴤጀෘ߇⭯ߣ߈ߦߪ৻⥌ߖߕ㧘ᣢᓔߩ⚻㛎ᑼߩା㗬ᕈ߇ૐߎߣࠍ ␜ߔ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚ᴤᳪᨴ⋚ߦ߅ߡ㧘᷹ⷰߢᬌߐࠇࠆᴤጀෘߪᢙcmࠝ࠳ߢ㧘ᴤጀෘߩ⭯ ᳪᨴ▸࿐߇㕙Ⓧ⊛ߦᦨ߽ᄢ߈㧚ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲߣᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢߇৻⥌ߔࠆᣢᓔߩ⚻㛎ᑼࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߣ㧘 ⋚ౝߩᴤಽᏓ▸࿐ߣ㊂ࠍㆊዊ⹏ଔߒ㧘ෂ㒾ߩ੍᷹⚿ᨐߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ㧚. Key Words : water-NAPL-air three-phase, pressure-saturation relationship, pressure-plate experiment, gravity drainage experiment. 㧝㧚᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇⋧ᜬ․ᕈߦ㑐ߔࠆᓥ᧪ߩ ⍮. ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ᳓ߣᴤߩᲫ▤᳓㗡ࠍ how ߣ⸥ߔࠆߎ ߣߦߔࠆ㧚ห᭽ߦᑼ(3)ߩࠃ߁ߦᴤߣⓨ᳇ߩᲫ▤᳓ 㗡ࠍ hao㧘ᑼ(4)ߩࠃ߁ߦ᳓ߣⓨ᳇ߩᲫ▤᳓㗡ࠍ haw ߣ⸥ߔࠆߎߣߦߔࠆ㧚 hao ha ho (3) haw ha hw (4). ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ ⋧♽ߦ߅ߌࠆᲫ▤᳓㗡 ᴤߣ᳓ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᷙߓࠅวࠊߥᵹ߇ਛߢ ሽߔࠆߣ߈㧘ᵹ㨪ᵹߩႺ⇇㕙ࠍᮮಾߞߡࠇࠆ ജᏅߪᲫ▤ Pc㧔capillary pressure㧕ߣฬߠߌࠄ ࠇ㧘ᰴߩᑼߢቯ⟵ߐࠇࠆ㧚 Pc Po Pw (1). ᵹߩജ᳓㗡߇Ძ▤ജߦࠃߞߡ↢ߓࠆ႐ว㧘 Ⴚ⇇㕙߇ሽน⢻ߥ㑆㓗ߩඨᓘ r ߪᲫ▤⽎ߦߟ ߡߩࡊࠬߩᑼࠃࠅ㧘ⓨ᳇ߣ᳓ߩ႐วࠍߦߍ ࠆߣ㧘ᑼ(5)ߩࠃ߁ߥᲫ▤᳓㗡ߣᲧߩ㑐ଥߢ⚿ ߮ߟߌࠄࠇࠆ 1)㧚. ߎߎߢ㧘Po ߪ㕖ḨẢ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆജ㧘Pw ߪḨẢ ⋧ߦ߅ߌࠆജߢࠆ㧚ḨẢᵹߪ㧘৻ᣇߩᵹߦ ኻߒ㧘ࠃࠅᄢ߈ߥḨẢᕈࠍ␜ߒ㧘ࠃࠅዊߐߥ㑆㓗ࠍ භߔࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒߡ㧘㕖ḨẢᵹߪ㧘ᄢ߈ߥ㑆 㓗ࠍභࠆߩߢ㧘ਔ⠪ߩႺ⇇㕙ߪ㕖ḨẢ⋧ߦะ߆ߞ ߡಳ㕙ࠍߥߔ㧚ࠃߞߡ Po㧪Pw㧘ߔߥࠊߜ㧘Ძ▤ Pc ߪㅢᏱᱜߩ୯ࠍߣࠆ 1)㧚 ᑼ(1)ࠍ ȡw㧔ၮḰᶧߢࠆ᳓ߩኒᐲ㧕ߣ㊀ജട ㅦᐲ I ߢ㒰ߔߣ㧘Ძ▤᳓㗡ߦኻߔࠆᰴߩቯ⟵ᑼ(2) ߇ᓧࠄࠇࠆ㧚 how ho hw (2). r. 2V aw (5) U w ghaw. ߎߎߢ㧘ıaw ߪⓨ᳇㨪᳓ߩ㑆ߩ㕙ᒛജߢࠆ㧚Ძ ▤᳓㗡߇ᓢߦޘᷫዋߔࠆߣ㑆㓗ਛߩ㕖ḨẢ⋧㧔ᑼ (5)ߢߪⓨ᳇㧕ߪḨẢ⋧㧔ᑼ(5)ߢߪ᳓㧕ߦߣߞߡ߆ ࠊࠄࠇࠆ㧚ㅒߦᲫ▤᳓㗡߇Ⴧടߔࠆߦᓥ㧘㑆㓗ਛ ߩḨẢ⋧ߪ㕖ḨẢ⋧ߦ⟎߈឵߃ࠄࠇߡߊ㧚 ೋᦼߦਅ᳓㕙ࠍߔࠆਛߦᴤ߇ଚߔࠆ㓙㧘. 320.
(3) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. . 㕙. ⟎ Z ⟎ z ᚭ h ha=0 o hao hcao ⓨ᳇ߩᴤߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 Air Oil Zao hw how hcow ᴤߩ᳓ߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 Water ᳓㗡h Zow 0 ᱜ ⽶ 0 100 㘻ᐲ ࿑ ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ߦ߅ߌࠆ㘻ᐲಽᏓߣ᳓㗡ಽᏓ ᴤߪ᳓ߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 hcow ߢ߽ߞߣ߽ᄢ ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆ 2)㧚 ߈ߥ㑆㓗ߦࠅㄟ㧚ߒߚ߇ߞߡᴤߪਛߩㅪ⛯ߔ ᴤߩ᳓ߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 hcow ߪ㧘࿑ 1) ࠆᦨᄢ㑆㓗ߦߘߞߡᶐㅘߔࠆะ߇ࠆ 㧚ᴤ߇㧘 ߩ᳓㗡ಽᏓ࿑ਛߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ᳓ಽᲫ▤Ꮺߩ ✼ߩ⟎ߢߩ᳓ߣᴤߩᲫ▤᳓㗡ߦᒰߚࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ⓨ LNAPL㧔Light Non Aqueous Phase Liquid㧦ኒᐲ߇᳓ ᳇ߩᴤߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 hcao ߪ㧘ᴤಽᲫ▤ ࠃࠅ߽ዊߐᴤ㧕ߢ㧘චಽߥ㊂߇ᶐㅘߒߚ႐วߪ㧘 ਅ᳓㕙ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣ㧘ᶋജߦࠃߞߡߘߎߦߚ߹ߞߚ Ꮺߩ✼ߩ⟎ߢߩᴤߣⓨ᳇ߩᲫ▤᳓㗡ߦᒰߚ ߣ㧘ਅ᳓㕙ߩფౝߦಽᏓߔࠆ㧚 ࠆ 3)㧚 ᷹ⷰ߇ߎߩࠃ߁ߦᴤ߇ㅪ⛯ߒߚ⋧ߣߒߡሽ ࡉ࠺ࠖࡦࡈࡦࠄ 4)ߪ㧘ኒᐲ߇᳓ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ ߒߡࠆࠃ߁ߥ႐ᚲߦ⟎ߒߡߚߣߔࠆߣ㧘ᴤߪ ᴤ㧔Dense Non Aqueous Phase Liquid : DNAPL㧕߇Ძ ᷹ⷰ߳ߣଚߒߡ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߥᴤጀࠍᒻᚑߔࠆ㧚 ▤᳓Ꮺࠃࠅᣇ߆ࠄᶐㅘߒ㧘᳇⋧ߣ᳓⋧ߩႺ⇇ߦ㆐ ࿑ ߩ᷹ⷰߦ߅ߡ <CQ ߪᴤ㕙ߩ⟎㧘<QY ߪ᳓㕙 ߒߚᓟ㧘᳓㕙ਅߦଚߔࠆ⽎ࠍ⼏⺰ߒߡࠆ㧚⇣ ߥࠆ☸ᓘߩࠟࠬࡆ࠭ࠍ↪ߚᮏታ㛎ࠍⴕ߁ߣ ߩ⟎ߢࠆ㧚࿑ ߪ <QY ߦ߅ߡ \㧩0 ߣߒߡឬ ߣ߽ߦ㧘᳓ಽᲫ▤Ꮺ߇ⓨ᳇߿ DNAPL ߦࠃߞߡ ߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ȡo ࠍᴤߩኒᐲߣߔࠆߣ㧘᳓ߩ᳓㗡 ⎕ࠄࠇࠆ㓙ߩࡔࠞ࠾࠭ࡓࠍ☸ሶࠍలႯߒߚࡕ࠺ hw㧘ᴤߩ᳓㗡 ho ߪએਅߩᑼ (6) (7)ߩࠃ߁ߦቯᑼൻߢ ࡞߆ࠄቯᑼൻߒߡ⠨ኤߒߡࠆ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ᓐࠄߪᲫ ߈ࠆ㧚 Uo ▤㜞ߐ㒢⇇㜞ߐ㒢⇇ଚജߩቯ⟵ߦߟ hw ( Z ao Z ow ) z (6) Uw ߡ⸒ߒ㧘᳓ߩᲫ▤㜞ߐߩ߈ࠍήⷞߔࠆߣ㧘 U U U ᴤߩ㒢⇇ଚജߣ㒢⇇㜞ߐ߇ᷙหߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᜰ ho ( Z ao Z ow ) o z o ( Z ao Z ow z ) o (7) Uw Uw Uw ៰ߒߡࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣߪ㧘᳓ߩᲫ▤㜞ߐߩ✼ ߢߩ᳓ࠍ 0 ߣߒ㧘ߚ߆߽᳓㕙ߩࠃ߁ߦߒߡ⠨߃ ࠆߎߣߦ࿃ߒߚ㑆㆑ࠍᜰ៰ߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ߚߛߒ㧘ߎߩ᳓㗡ಽᏓ⁁ᘒߦ㆐ߔࠆߦߪή㒢ߩ ᴤߩ᳓ߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 hcow ߪ㧘ࡉ࠺ ᤨ㑆߇ᔅⷐߢ㧘ㅢᏱߩታ㛎ߢߪߎߩ⁁ᘒߦߪ㆐ߒ ࠖ ࡦ ࡈ ࡦ ࠄ ߩ ⎇ ⓥ 4) ߦ ߅ ߌ ࠆ ኻ ⽎ ᴤ ߢ ࠆ ߥ㧚ߘࠇߦኻߒ㧘ฦ⋧ߩ㘻ᐲಽᏓߪ⚛ᣧߊᐔⴧ DNAPL ߣ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߢ⌕⋡ߔࠆ LNAPL ߣߢ⧯ᐓ㆑ ⁁ᘒߦ㆐ߔࠆ㧚㘻ᐲಽᏓߪℂ⺰⊛ߦߪ㑆㓗ᓘಽᏓ ߞߚᗧวࠍᜬߟ㧚DNAPL ߇ਛߦᶐㅘߒߚ႐ ߩ㑐ᢙߦߥࠆ㧚 วߪ㧘ਅ᳓㕙ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣ㧘ࠆ㜞ߐߩᴤጀࠍᒻᚑ ᴤ㕙ߩ⟎ <ao ߪ࿑ ߩ᳓㗡ಽᏓ࿑ߦ߅ߡⓨ᳇ ߒߚᓟߦ㧘ਅ᳓㕙ਅ߳ߣଚߒߡࠁߊ㧚ߎߩଚ ߣᴤߩ᳓㗡߇╬ߒߊߥࠆ⟎㧔hao=0㧕㧘᳓㕙ߩ ߇ ᆎ ߹ࠆ ߩߦ ᔅ ⷐߥ 㜞ߐ ࠍ 㧘㒢 ⇇㜞 ߐ ߣ ߁㧚 ⟎ <QY ߪ㧘ᴤߣ᳓ߩ᳓㗡߇╬ߒߊߥࠆ⟎㧔how=0㧕 321.
(4) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. ߩᣇᴺߦၮߠߚ⎇ⓥ2),13)߅ࠃ߮⸃ᨆ࠰ࡈ࠻14)ߪ ᄙ㧚. DNAPL ߩ᳓ߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 hcow ߪ㧘ߎ ߩ㒢⇇㜞ߐߩߣ߈ߩᲫ▤᳓㗡ߢ㧘ߎࠇࠍ߃ࠆߣଚ ߇ᆎ߹ࠆߣ߁㑣୯ߦᒰߚࠆ4)㧚৻ᣇ㧘LNAPL ߇ ਛߦᶐㅘߒߚ႐วߪ㧘ਅ᳓㕙ߦ㆐ߔࠆߣ㧘ᶋജ ߦࠃߞߡਅ᳓㕙ߦ⫾Ⓧߔࠆ㧚LNAPL ߩ႐วߦ ߽᳓ߦኻߔࠆ㒢⇇ଚᲫ▤᳓㗡 hcow ߪሽߒ㧘 LNAPL ߩ㜞ߐ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߣ㧘࿑ ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓㗡 hw ߣᴤߩ᳓㗡 ho ߩὐ߇᳓㗡 h ゲࠍᱜߩᣇߦ⒖ േߔࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ hcow ߩ୯ߦᄌൻߪߥߊ㧘LNAPL ߇ ߎߩ⟎ࠃࠅᷓߊଚߔࠆߎߣߪߥ㧚. ⚻㛎ᑼߦኻߔࠆ⇼ C ᑼ ࠍ⋚ౝߩ᳓ಽ㨯ᴤಽಽᏓߢᮨߒߚ⸃㉼ ᑼ(8)ࠍ⋥ធ⊛ߦ⸃㉼ߒߡ࿑␜ߔࠆߣ㧘࿑ C ߩ ࠃ߁ߦSwaowߣSwow߇ห৻ߩᜬᦛ✢ߦߥࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ ߎࠇߢߪᧄ⎇ⓥߢ⌕⋡ߔࠆ⇼ὐ߇⋥ᗵ⊛ߦࠊ߆ࠅ ߦߊ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘࿑ D E ߩࠃ߁ߦ᷹ⷰߩਅ ᳓㕙ߦᴤጀ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡࠆ᭽ሶߦߟߡ⠨߃ࠆ㧚 ᴤጀ߇ෘ࿑ D 㧘⭯࿑ E ߣ߽ߦ㧘ᴤ㕙ߦ ߅ߡᴤߩ᳓㗡ho=0ߢࠆ㧚ߎߎ߆ࠄਅᣇ߳ߣᴤߩ ᳓㗡hoߪჇടߒߡࠁߊ㧚᳓㕙ߦ߅ߡ᳓ߩ᳓㗡hw ߪߎߎ߹ߢߩᴤጀෘߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆᴤߩ᳓㗡hoߣ৻⥌ߔ ࠆ㧚hwߣhoߪߎߎࠍㅢὐߣߒߡ㧘ᣇ߳ⴕߊ߶ߤ. ᓥ᧪ߩ⚻㛎ᑼ ਇ㘻ਛߩᴤߩㆇേߪ㧘᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ߩᄙ⋧ᵹ⸃ ᨆߦ߽ߣߠ߈⠨ኤߐࠇ㧘ᧂ⍮ᢙߣߒߡฦ⋧ߩ᳓㗡߇ ↪ࠄࠇࠆ5)㧚᳓㗡ߦኻᔕߔࠆฦ⋧㘻ᐲࠍ᳞ࠆ ߚ㧘ᓥ᧪߆ࠄએਅߩ⚻㛎ᑼ(8)(9)߇ࠃߊ↪ࠄࠇ ߡࠆ6)㧚 S waow (how ). S wow (how ) (8). S taow (hao ). S oao (hao ) . ᴤߣ᳓ߩኒᐲߩᏅߦࠃߞߡ㔌ࠇ㧘᳓㗡Ꮕ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥ ߞߡࠁߊ㧚ߎߩ᳓㗡Ꮕߩ୯߇છᗧߩ howߢࠆ႐ᚲ ߇㧘࿑ D ߢ᳓㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ Zw1 ߩ⟎㧘࿑ E ߢߪ㜞ߐ Zw2ߢࠆߣߔࠆߣ㧘ਔ࿑ߩᐞቇ⊛㑐ଥ ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ Zw1=Zw2 ߢࠆ㧚ߎߩ⟎ߦ߅ߌ ࠆ࿑ D ߩ᳓㨯ᴤ2⋧♽ߩ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ߇ᑼ(8)ฝㄝߩ Swowߢ㧘࿑ E ߩ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ߩ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ߇ ᑼ (8) Ꮐㄝߩ Swaow ߢࠆ㧚ᑼ (8) ߪߎࠇ߇╬ߒߣߔ ࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ࿑ D E ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᑼ (8) ߪޟᴤጀෘ ߦ㑐ଥߥߊ㧘᳓㕙߆ࠄหߓ㜞ߐߩਛߩ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ Swߪหߓߢࠆࠍߣߎޠᗧߒߡࠆ㧚ߒ߆߽㧘ᴤ ጀෘ߇㕖Ᏹߦ⭯ߣ߈ߦ߽ᚑࠅ┙ߟߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘㨬᳓ ಽ㘻ᐲSwow㧘SwaowߩಽᏓᦛ✢ߪᏱߦ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈ ᦛ✢ Swaw ߣหߓᒻ⁁ߢࠆ㨭ߣ߁ߎߣࠍᥧߦᗧ ߒߡࠆ㧚 D ᑼ ࠍ⋚ౝߩ᳓ಽ㨯ᴤಽಽᏓߢᮨߒߚ⸃㉼. (9). ߎߎߢSwaow ߪ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ߩ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ㧘 Swow ߪ᳓㨯ᴤ2⋧♽ߩ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ㧘Staow(St= So+Sw)ߪ ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ߩోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ㧘Soaoߪᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇2⋧ ♽ߩᴤ㘻ᐲߢࠆ㧚ᑼ(9)ߩ⠨߃ᣇߪLeverett7) ߇ ឭ᩺ߒߚ㨬ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲߪ㧘ᶧ߇⒳㘃߹ࠇߡ ࠃ߁ߣߤࠎߥᒻᘒߢࠈ߁ߣᶧߣࠟࠬߩᲫ▤ ߩᏅߢߐࠇࠆ㨭ߣߒߚ⸥ㅀߦၮߠߡࠆ㧚 Lenhard and Parker6)ߪߎߩ2ߟߩᑼߦࠬࠤࡦࠣ ࡈ ࠔ ࠢ ࠲ Ǫ ij ࠍ ข ࠅ ࠇ 㧘 એ ਅ ߦ ␜ ߔ ᑼ (10)(11)(12)ߩࠃ߁ߦߘࠇߙࠇߩᲫ▤᳓㗡hijߦਸ਼ߕࠆ ߎߣߢ㧘ല㘻ᐲ␜ߩ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈS*(h*)ࠍ↪. ᑼ(9)Ꮐㄝߩ Staow ߪ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽(࿑ E )ߩో ᶧ⋧㘻ᐲߢࠅ㧘ฝㄝߩ Soao ߪⓨ᳇㨯ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ ( ࿑ D ) ߩᴤಽ㘻ᐲߢࠆ㧚ᑼ (9) ߢߪⓨ᳇᳓㗡 (࿑ D E ߢߪ ha=0)ߣᴤ᳓㗡(ho)ߩᏅߢቯ⟵ߐࠇ ࠆ hao ߦ⌕⋡ߔࠆ㧚߹㧘ߎߩ᳓㗡Ꮕ߇ࠆ୯ hao ߢࠆ႐ᚲ߇㧘ᴤጀ߇ෘ࿑ D ߢᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞 ߐ Zo1㧘⭯࿑ E ߢߪ㜞ߐ Zo2 ߢࠆߣߔࠆߣ㧘 ࿑ߩᐞቇ⊛㑐ଥ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ Zo1=Zo2 ߢࠆ㧚 ߎߩ⟎ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿑ D ߩ᳓㨯ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ߩᴤಽ㘻 ᐲ߇ᑼ(9)ฝㄝߩ Soao ߢ㧘࿑ E ߩ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧ ♽ߩోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ߇ᑼ(9)Ꮐㄝߩ Staow ߢࠆ㧚ᑼ(9) ߪߎࠇ߇╬ߒߣߔࠆ߽ߩߢࠆ߇㧘ߘߩߚߦߪ ࿑ E ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᴤጀෘ߇⭯ߊߥࠆߣ᳓ ಽಽᏓ߇࿑ D ❑ゲࠍ❗ߚᒻ⁁ߦߥࠆ㧚 . ߚ⠨߃ᣇࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ㧚ᑼ(10)ߩǪawߩ୯ߪߘߩቯ ⟵߆ࠄ್ᢿߒߡ1ߢࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 aw aw S * ( h * ) S w ( E aw haw ) S w (haw ) (10) S * (h * ). S * (h * ). ow. S w ( E ow how ) ao. S o ( E ao hao ). aow. Sw. St. ( E ow how ) (11). aow. ( E ao hao ) (12). ฦᑼฝㄝߪല㘻ᐲ S j ( S j S m ) /(1 S m ) ߢ ࠊߐࠇߡࠆ㧚Sjߪ⠨߃ߡࠆᶧߩ㘻ᐲߢ㧘Sm ߪᱷሽ㘻ᐲߢࠆ㧚ല㘻ᐲ␜ߣߔࠆߎߣߢ ᓥ᧪߆ࠄࠃߊ↪ࠄࠇࠆvan Genuchtenࡕ࠺࡞8)ߣߩ ឵ᕈ߇↢߹ࠇ㧘ߘߩᛒ߿ߔߐ߆ࠄߎߩᣇᴺߪᚒ ߇࿖ߢ߽ࠃߊ↪ߐࠇࠆᣇᴺ9),10),11),12)ߣߥࠅ㧘ࠬࠤ ࡦࠣߩᣇᴺߪᮡḰߦߥࠅߟߟࠆ㧚ᶏᄖߢ߽ߎ. 322.
(5) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. aow S w (how ) S wow (how ) (1) S waow S wow how Water S w C ᳓ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ߩ ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ Staow (hao ) S oao (hao )(2) aow S oao hao S t Oil aow ao S , S t o C ⓨ᳇ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ߩ ᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ . Air. ᚭ. ho. 㕙. Z. ᚭ. ha . Oil. ha=0. Oil. hw. hw h ow. how Water. Zw1. Water . ho. Air. ᴤ㕙㧝. ⽶. . . ᱜ. S. S wow. D ᷹ⷰߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ. Zw2. ᴤ㕙㧞. ᳓㗡h. . 㕙 . Z. ⽶. aow w. . ᳓㗡 h. ᱜ. E ᑼ(8)ߦၮߠߊ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇. ᳓㕙ߣ᳓㗡ಽᏓ. 3 ⋧♽ߩ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢. ࿑ ᑼ(8)ߩౝኈࠍ⋚ౝߩ᳓ಽᴤಽಽᏓߢᮨߒߚ࿑. Air. hao. ᚭ. 㕙. 㕙. ᚭ. Z Zo1. Oil. ᴤ㕙㧝 . ᳓㗡h. hao. ᱜ. Water . hw. Oil. ⽶. Z. Air. ho. hw. ho. Water . . S oao. D ᷹ⷰߢ᷹ⷰߐࠇࠆ. ᴤ㕙㧞. 0 ⽶. Zo2 ᱜ. ᳓㗡 h. . Staow. E ᑼ(9)ߦၮߠߊ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇. ᴤ㕙ߣᴤ᳓㗡ಽᏓ. 3 ⋧♽ߩᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢. ࿑ ᑼ(9)ߩౝኈࠍ⋚ౝߩ᳓ಽᴤಽಽᏓߢᮨߒߚ࿑. E ᑼ ߣᑼ ߩਇ৻⥌ ࿑ D ߣ࿑ D ߪ߹ߞߚߊหߓᒻ⁁ߦߥߞߡ ࠆ㧚࿑ D ߦ߅ߌࠆᴤಽಽᏓߩᒻߪᑼ(8)ߢߪ⋥ ធቯߢ߈ߥ߽ߩߩᑼ(9)ߩ࿑ D ߩ Soao ߦၮߠ ߡቯߢ߈㧘࿑ D ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ಽಽᏓߩᒻߪ ᑼ(9)ߢߪ⋥ធቯߢ߈ߥ߽ߩߩᑼ(8)ߩ࿑ D ߩ Swow ߦၮߠߡቯߢ߈ࠆ㧚ߎ߁ߒߡឬߚਔ࿑ߪ ᑼ(8)ᑼ(9)ߦ߅ߡ⍦⋫ࠍ↢ߓߥ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᴤጀෘ߇⭯ߊߥߞߚߣ߈㧘࿑ E ߢߪ ࿑ D ᳓ಽಽᏓ߇࿕ቯߐࠇࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘࿑ E ߢ ߪ࿑ D ࠃࠅ᳓ಽಽᏓ߇ߒਅߍࠄࠇ㧘࿑ E ߣ ࿑ E ߪ৻⥌ߒߥ㧚࿑ E ߢឬ߆ࠇߚ᳓ಽ㘻 ᐲߪᮨᑼ࿑ߢࠅ㧘ᧄ᧪ᑼ(9)ߢߪቯߢ߈ߥ㧚 ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲߪᑼ(8)߆ࠄ᳞ࠄࠇࠆߩߢ㧘ᑼ(9)ߢ ߽ᴤጀෘ߇⭯ߊߥߞߚߣ߈ߦ࿑ E ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠇ ߫᳓ಽಽᏓߪߒਅߍࠄࠇߕ㗴ߪߥ㧚ߣߎࠈ߇㧘 ᐲߪ࿑ E ߩࠃ߁ߥ Staow ߩಽᏓߢߪ࿑ D ߩ 323. Soao ߣᒻ⁁߇৻⥌ߒߥߩߢ㧘ᑼ(9)⥄߇ᚑ┙ߒߥ ߊߥࠆ㧚 ߢߪ࿑ E ߩ Staow ߩಽᏓࠍ࿑ D ߩ Soao ߣห ߓᒻ⁁ߦߒߚࠄ㗴߇ߥߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘 ࿑ E ߩ᳓ಽಽᏓࠍߒਅߍߥ㒢ࠅߪ࿑ D ߩ Soao ߣหߓಽᏓᒻ⁁ࠍឬߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥߚ㧘⚿ ዪ࿑ E ߘߩ߽ߩߦߥࠅ⼏⺰ߪᝄࠅߒߦᚯࠆ㧚 ߔߥࠊߜ㧘ᴤጀෘ߇⭯ߊߥߞߚߣ߈ߦߪߤߩࠃ ߁ߦ⠨߃ߡ߽㧘ᑼ(8)ߣᑼ(9)ߩ㑆ߦਇ৻⥌߇↢ߓࠆ㧚 ᓥ᧪㧘ᑼ(8)(9)ߪ⸘▚ࠍ߿ࠅ߿ߔߊߔࠆߚߩ߽ ߩߢ㧘ᭂ┵ߥ᧦ઙਅߢᚑ┙ߒߥߊߣ߽㧘ᴤᳪᨴ㗔ၞ ߩᐢ▸࿐ߢᚑ┙ߔࠇ߫㗴ߥߣℂ⸃ߐࠇߡߚ ࠃ߁ߦᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ታ⊛ߦߪࠅ߃ߥᢙ m એ ߩ㕖Ᏹߦෘᴤጀߢ߃ߥߊߡ߽㧘ᴤᳪᨴ㗔ၞߩᐢ ▸࿐ߢߔࠆᢙ cm ࠝ࠳ߩᴤጀߦ߅ߡ⦟ ♖ᐲߢ⸘▚ߢ߈ࠆߥࠄ߫ታോ⊛ߛߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚ߒ ߆ߒ㧘⸥ߩࠃ߁ߦᑼ(8)(9)ߪ㕖Ᏹߦෘᴤጀߢߪ.
(6) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. 2 ߟߣ߽ᚑࠅ┙ߟ߇㧘ᢙ cm ࠝ࠳ߩᴤጀߢߪ߹ ߞߚߊ⇣ߥࠅ㧘ታോ⊛ߢࠆߣߪ⸒߇ߚ㧚ᢙ cm ࠝ࠳ߩᴤጀߪᑼ(8)(9)ߩㆡ↪▸࿐ᄖ߆એਅߦ ⠨ኤߔࠆ㧚. 324. Zw EO Zo EO. Zw EO Zo EO. 60 100 aw aw 90 䂾S w 䂾S w 50 ao ao 80 䃂S o 䃂S o 70 40 60 ᑼ (8)(9) ߩ ㆡ ↪ ▸ ࿐ ߦ ߟ ߡ ߪ 㧘 Lenhard and 30 50 Parker 15)ߦ߅ߡએਅߩԘԙԚߩ 3 ߟߦಽߌࠄࠇߡ 40 ࠆ㧚 20 30 20 Ԙᑼ(8)(9)ߪ㧘free-oil㧔࠻࠶ࡊߐࠇߡߥᴤ㧕߇ 10 10 ሽߒ㧘 St ! S w ߩ႐วߦㆡวߔࠆ㧚 0 ԙ߽ߒ St S w ߢࠅ㧘߆ߟ S ot z 0 ߩߣ߈ߦߪ᳓ 0 0 50 100 0 50 100 ⓨ᳇ߩ㑆ߦᴤߩಽሶ⤑߇ሽߔࠆ㧘2 ㊀ࡔ࠾ࠬࠞ 㘻ᐲ 㘻ᐲ ࠬ⁁ᘒ㧔᳓ߩࡔ࠾ࠬࠞࠬߩߦ㧘ࡈࠖ࡞ࡓ⁁ߦᴤ. C ⼾ᶆ⍾ D ࠟࠬࡆ࠭ 0.4mm ⤑߇ሽߔࠆ⁁ᘒ㧕ߦߥࠆ㧚 ࿑ ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢(Swaw)ߣᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢(Soao) 16) Ԛ߽ߒ St S w ߢࠅ㧘߆ߟ S ot 0 ߩߣ߈ߦߪࠪࡦ ࡊ࡞ߥ᳓ⓨ᳇ 2 ⋧♽ߦߥࠆ㧚 ߇ᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ Soao ࠃࠅ߽㜞⟎߹ߢߒ ߎߎߢ㧘 S t ߪోᶧ⋧ߦࠃࠆដߌߩല㘻ᐲ ߣࠃ߫ࠇ㧘㑆㓗᳓߿ᴤߩਛߦ࠻࠶ࡊߐࠇߚⓨ᳇ߩ ߚᒻߦߥࠆ㧚ߎߩታ㛎⚿ᨐ߆ࠄᗐߒߡ㧘⋚ౝߦ 12) 㘻ᐲ S at ߩ㘻ᐲ߽ 㧚 S w ߪដߌߩ᳓ ᳓ࠃࠅシᴤ߇ᶐㅘߔࠆ㓙ߦ㧘వߦ⥄ὼ⁁ᘒߢᒻᚑ ߐࠇߡߚ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߩߦ㧘㒠ࠅⓍ߽ࠆࠃ ല㘻ᐲߣࠃ߫ࠇ㧘㑆㓗᳓ਛߦ࠻࠶ࡊߐࠇߚᴤ 12) ߁ߦᴤ߇ಽᏓߔࠆᑼ(8)߅ࠃ߮࿑ D E ߩᗧߪ S ot ߿ⓨ᳇ S atw ߩ㘻ᐲ߽߹ࠇߡࠆ 㧚 ⥄ὼߢℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔ㧚ߎࠇߦኻߒߡ㧘ᑼ(9)߅ࠃ߮ ᴤ㕙߆ࠄ㋦⋥ᣇߦ㆙ߑ߆ࠆߦߟࠇߡᴤ߇࠻࠶ ࿑ E ߩਥᒛߔࠆࠃ߁ߦᴤ߇ߞߡ᧪ߚㅜ┵ߦ᳓ ࡊߐࠇߚ⁁ᘒߦߥࠅ㧘ᴤ߽ሽߒߥߊߥࠇ߫᳓ಽߛ ಽಽᏓᦛ✢߇ᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ࠃࠅ߽ߐࠄߦዊߐߊ ߌߦߥࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜᴤ㕙߆ࠄ㋦⋥ᣇߦ㆙ߑ߆ࠆߦ ߥߞߡߒ߹߁⽎ߪ⠨߃ߦߊ㧚 ߟࠇߡԘψԙψԚߩ⁁ᘒࠍߚߤࠆ㧚ߘߩ߁ߜᴤ㕙ߦ ᴤᳪᨴ⋚ߦ߅ߡ㧘᷹ⷰߢᬌߐࠇࠆᴤጀෘ ㄭߪߓߩԘߩ⁁ᘒ߇ᑼ(8)(9)ߩㆡ↪▸࿐ߢࠆ㧚 ߪᢙcmࠝ࠳߇߶ߣࠎߤߢ㧘ߎ߁ߞߚᴤጀෘ ࿑ E ߣ࿑ E ߢᗧ࿑ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘᷹ⷰߦᢙ ߩ⭯ᳪᨴ▸࿐߇㕙Ⓧ⊛ߦᦨ߽ᄢ߈㧚ᑼ(8)߅ࠃ cm ࠝ࠳ߣߪ߃ᴤጀ߇ᶐߔࠆߩߪᚭㄝ ߮࿑ E ߇⌀ߩಽᏓߣߔࠆߣ㧘ᑼ (9)߅ࠃ߮࿑ ߦ free-oil ߇ሽߔࠆ߆ࠄߢࠆ㧚ߎߩ⁁ᘒߢߩ㑆 E ߪᐢ㕙Ⓧߦ߅ߡ⋚ౝߩᴤߩಽᏓ▸࿐ߣ㊂ 㓗ਛߩᴤ㊂ߪ㧘࠻࠶ࡊᴤ߇ሽߔࠆ߆ߒߥ߆ߣ ࠍዊߐߦⓍ߽ࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ㧘ෂ㒾ߦ੍᷹ߔࠆ ߞߚԙԚߩࠃ߁ߥᓸ㊂ߢߪߥߊ㧘Ԙߩ St ! S w ߩ ߩߢߪߥ߆ߣ ᔨߐࠇࠆ㧚 ⁁ᘒߢ㧘ᑼ(8)(9)ߩㆡ↪▸࿐ߢࠆ㧚 ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘ᴤጀෘߐ߇ᢙcmࠝ࠳ߩ⁁ એߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᑼ(8)(9)ߪߘߩㆡ↪▸࿐ߢ߽㧘 ᘒߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ᜬᦛ✢ࠍታ㓙ߦታ㛎 ᢙ cm ࠝ࠳ߩᴤጀߦኻߒߡߪหᤨߦᚑࠅ┙ߚߥ ߢ᳞㧘ᑼ(8)(9)ߦ㑐ߔࠆߎࠇࠄߩ⇼ࠍࠄ߆ߦ น⢻ᕈ߇㜞㧚 ߔࠆߎߣߢࠆ㧚ታ㛎ߪᓟㅀߔࠆട᧼ᴺߣᩇᴺ ߩ2ߟߩᣇᴺߢⴕߞߚ㧚. ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⋡⊛ ⪺⠪ࠄ߇ߎߩὐߦߟߡ⇼ࠍᛴߚ߈ߞ߆ߌߪ. ᧄ⎇ⓥߢ↪ߚᳪᨴᴤ ࿑ C D ߩ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߣᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ 16) ᳪᨴ‛⾰ߣߒߡਥߦ㗴ߣߥߞߡࠆߩߪ࠻ࠢ ࠍታ㓙ߦታ㛎ߢ᳞ߚ ߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧚 ࡠࡠࠛ࠴ࡦߥߤߩᯏႮ⚛♽ൻว‛ߢࠆ߇㧘ើ ࿑ C ߪ⼾ᶆ⍾㧘࿑ D ߪᐔဋ☸ᓘ 0.4mm ࠟ aw ⊒߇ỗߒߔ߉ࠆߚ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩਥ⌒ߢࠆਇ㘻⁁ ࠬࡆ࠭ߩ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ Sw ߣἮᴤߩᴤಽ ao ᘒߢߩᐔⴧታ㛎ߦߪㆡߐߥ㧚߹ߚ㧘⌕⋡ߔࠆߩ߇ ᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ So ࠍߘࠇߙࠇߩᩇᴺታ㛎߆ࠄ᳞ aw ᳓㕙ߦᢙcmߩᴤጀ߇ሽߔࠆ⁁ᘒߢࠆߚ㧘 㧘㊀ߨߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚❑ゲߪ㧘Sw ߦߟߡߪ᳓ ao ᳓ࠃࠅ߽ኒᐲߩᄢ߈ߥᴤߪㆡߐߥ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ᧦ઙ 㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ Z w 㧘So ߦߟߡߪᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ ࠍḩߚߔ߽ߩߣߒߡἮᴤߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ㧚Ἦᴤߩ‛ᕈ୯ Zo ߢᢛℂߒߚ㧚 ࠍߦ␜ߒߚ㧚Ἦᴤࠍࠇߚ⋥ᓘ⚂8cmߩኈེࠍ ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘৻⥸⊛ߦ᳓㕙ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ z aw 㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߩߦ⟎߈㧘ᢙᣣ㑆⟎ߒߚᓟ㧘1ಽ㑆 ߢᢛℂߒߚߣ߈ߦߪ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ Sw ߩ߶߁.
(7) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4 ᳓Ἦᴤߩ⫳⊒⾰㊂ߩ᷹ቯ Ἦᴤߩ‛ᕈ୯. . 㧔Ǿ6mm ߩዊሹࠠࡖ࠶ࡊࠍⵍߖߚኈེࠍ ↪ߚ႐ว㧕. 㗄⋡. ୯. ☼ᕈଥᢙ(10-3Pa㨯s). 1.49. ኒᐲ (g/cm3). 0.80. 㕙ᒛജޓı ow (10-3N/m). ታ㛎 EX1 EX2 EX3 EX4 EX5 EX6 ᐔဋ. 41.0. -3. 㕙ᒛജޓı ao (10 N/m). 26.4. 3. ᴤ↪㔚ሶ ᄤ⒊ ࠞࡊ ᴤ㕙. ᳓↪㔚ሶ ᄤ⒊. ᧼ 123.456g. ᳓㕙. 123.456g. 1ಽߚࠅ⫳⊒⾰㊂(mg/min) ᳓ Ἦᴤ 0.20 0.04 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.01 0.08 0.02. Tw. ⇹᳓ᕈࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ ⷫ᳓ᕈࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ. ᴤ. Toil. ജ⸘. ᳓. ࠺ࠫ࠲࡞␜ㇱ. ࠕࡦࡊ. 0㧚123. ⹜ᢱ ⹜ᢱਛᄩ. ࠡࡘ࠲ 2. ਛ᧼ ឃ ᴤ ▤. ࠛࠕࡈࠖ࡞࠲ (᳓⫳᳇ᛮ߈㧕. ឃ ᳓ ▤. ࡃ࡞ࡉ. ਅ᧼ ⓨ᳇ᛮ߈ ࡃ࡞ࡉ. ࡃ࡞ࡉ ࡃ࡞ࡉ. ⓨ᳇ ޓ ࠦࡦࡊ࠶ࠨ. ࿑ ⇹᳓ⷫ᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢࠍ↪ߚട᧼ᑼ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ ⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈ⹜㛎ⵝ⟎. ߚࠅߩᐔဋ⊛ߥ⫳⊒⾰㊂ࠍ▚ߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘 0.06mg/minߣ߁୯߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ታ㛎ᤨߩ᳇. ዊ ဳ ࠞ ࡓ ౝ ߩ ⹜ ᢱ 㧔 ౝ ᓘ Ǿ 㧩 5.0cm 㧘 ෘ ߐ 3.0cm㧕ߩਅ┵㕙ߦߪ㧘࿑ߦ␜ߒߚหᔃ⁁ߩⷫ. ᷷ߪ߅߅ߨ10ᐲએਅߢߞߚ㧚ᓟㅀߔࠆታ㓙ߩታ 㛎ⵝ⟎㧔࿑㧕ߢߪߎߩኈེߦ▤〝ࠍㅢߔߩߣ⫳⊒ ⾰㊂ߩᷫዋࠍ߆ߨߚዊߐߥⓣߩ㐿ߚࠠࡖ࠶ࡊࠍⵍ ߖࠆߚ㧘⫳⊒㊂ߪ㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߊߥࠆ㧚ߦ␜ߒ ߚߩߪ㧘ߎߩࠠࡖ࠶ࡊࠍߒߚ⁁ᘒߢ㧘᳓ߩߞߚኈ ེᴤߩߞߚኈེࠍߘࠇߙࠇ㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߦᢙᣣ㑆 ⟎ߒߚᓟ㧘1ಽ㑆ߚࠅߩᐔဋ⊛ߥ⫳⊒⾰㊂ࠍ▚ ߔࠆታ㛎ࠍ6࠶࠻ⴕߞߚ⚿ᨐߢࠆ㧚ߩ⚿ ᨐࠃࠅ㧘Ἦᴤߪᤨ㑆ߚࠅ⫳⊒⾰㊂߇᳓ߣห╬߆ዊ ߐߎߣ߇⏕ߢ߈ߚ㧚ࠃߞߡᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪኻ⽎ߩᴤ ߣߒߡἮᴤࠍ↪ߡቶౝታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚 . ᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢߣ⇹᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢ߇㈩⟎ߐࠇߡࠆ㧚 ↪ߒߚਔࡒ࠶ࠢߪⓨ᳇ᶐ୯AEV=0.235MPa 㧔2.4kgf/cm2 㧕ߩ㔚⸃㓒⤑ⷺ᧼ဳ㧔150mm150mm㧘 ෘߐ4mm㧕ࠍ3mmෘߦടᎿߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ߎߩ ߁ߜ㧘ⷫ᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢߪ㕙ಣℂߪήടᎿ ߢࠆ߇㧘ೋᦼߦ᳓ಽߢ㘻ߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘࠺ ࠖࠬࠢౝ㑆㓗᳓ߩᲫ▤ജ߇Ἦᴤࠃࠅᄢ߈ߎߣࠍ ↪ߒߡᴤಽߣⓨ᳇ߩᶐࠍᅹߍࠆߣߣ߽ߦ⹜ᢱߩ ᳓ಽߩߺࠍㆬᛯ⊛ߦឃߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ߽ߩߢ ࠆ㧚⇹᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢߪ࠻ࡔ࠴࡞ࠢࡠࡠࠪ ࡦߦᶐߔߎߣߢ㕙ࠍ⇹᳓ಣℂߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘᳓ಽ ߩᶐࠍᅹߍࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ೋᦼߦ࠺ࠖࠬࠢࠍᴤಽߢ 㘻ߐߖࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘࠺ࠖࠬࠢౝ㑆㓗ᴤߩᲫ▤ജ ߢ᳓ߣⓨ᳇ߩᶐࠍᅹߍ㧘⹜ᢱߩᴤߩߺࠍㆬᛯ⊛ ߦឃߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߒߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ⓨ᳇㨯ᴤ㨯᳓3 ⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈታ㛎ߩᚻ㗅ߪએਅߩߣ߅ࠅߢࠆ㧚 ࿑ߩⵝ⟎ߩ᧼એᄖߩㇱಽࠍߔߴߡ⚵ߺ┙ߡߚ ᓟ㧘᳓ߢࠃߊ㚔ᨴ߹ߖߚ⹜ᢱࠍ᳓ߣߣ߽ߦዊဳࠞ ࡓߦੇ῎లႯኒᐲ U d 㧩1.55g/cm3ߦߥࠆࠃ߁ߦల. 㧞㧚ട᧼ᴺߦࠃࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇⋧ᜬ․ᕈ ታ㛎 . ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩⷐ ⇹᳓㨯ⷫ᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢࠍ↪ߚട᧼ᑼ ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈ⹜㛎ⵝ⟎ࠍ࿑ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚. 325.
(8) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. Ⴏߒ㧘Ἦᴤࠍ᳓㕙ߦࠁߞߊࠅᵈߔࠆ㧚᧼㨯ࠞ ࡊࠍ⚵ߺ┙ߡߚᓟ㧘ⓨ᳇ജ⸘ࠍߥ߇ࠄࠡ ࡘ࠲ߢછᗧߩⓨ᳇ࠍ߆ߌࠆ㧚᳓㨯ᴤ▤〝ߩ ࡃ࡞ࡉࠍ㐿߈㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߦࠃࠅឃ⾰㊂ߩ᷹ቯࠍ㐿ᆎ ߔࠆ㧚⹜ᢱ߆ࠄⓨ᳇ߦࠃߞߡߒߐࠇߚ᳓ಽ ߪⷫ᳓ᕈࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ㧔࿑ෳᾖ㧕ψឃ᳓▤ ψ᳓↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊߳ߣ⥋ࠆ㧚ห᭽ߦᴤಽߪ⇹᳓ᕈ ࡒ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ㧔࿑ෳᾖ㧕ψឃᴤ▤ψᴤ↪㔚ሶᄤ ⒊߳ߣ⥋ࠆ㧚ឃ߇ቢੌߒߚᓟ㧘ឃߐࠇߚᴤಽ㨯 ᳓ಽߩ⾰㊂ࠍೋᦼߦࠞࡓౝߦሽߒߚ㊂߆ࠄᷫߕ ࠆߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘⸳ቯߒߚⓨ᳇ߦኻߔࠆ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ ߣᴤಽ㘻ᐲࠍ▚ߔࠆ㧚 ߎߩታ㛎ߦߪ৻ㅳ㑆߶ߤࠍⷐߔࠆߩߢ㧘㘻ᐲߩ ⸘▚ᤨߦߪߎߩ㑆ߩ᳓ಽ㨯ᴤಽߩ⫳⊒ߩᱜࠍⴕ߁㧚 ⇹᳓ᕈࡒ࠶ࠢޓ3mmෘ 㧔࠻ࠢࡠࡠࡔ࠴࡞ࠪࡦߢ⇹᳓ടᎿߒᴤ㘻ߐߖ㧘 ᳓ⓨ᳇ߩᶐࠍᅹߍࠆ㧕. ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇⋧♽ታ㛎 C ታ㛎ߣ⚿ᨐ ᑼ(8)ߣ(9)ߩᅷᒰᕈࠍᬌ⸽ߒߚ㧚ᴤጀෘߐ߇߶ߣ ࠎߤࡠߩ⋚⁁ᴫࠍౣߔࠆߚߦ࿑ߩᴤᄤ⒊ ߩᴤ㕙ߩ⟎(Toil)ߣ᳓ᄤ⒊ߩ᳓㕙ߩ⟎(Tw)ࠍߣ߽ ߦࡠߣߒߡታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚⼾ᶆ⍾ߦߟߡߩ⚿ᨐ ߇࿑ߢࠆ㧚❑ゲߪⓨ᳇᳓㗡ha (cm)ߢ㧘ߎߩታ 㛎ߢߪ࿑ߩਅ᳓㕙߆ࠄߩ឵▚㜞ߐZw (cm)ߣห ୯ߢࠆ㧚᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ߢߩ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ(Swaow) ߣోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ(Staow)ߪ߶߷หߓߢࠅ㧘ೋᦼߦ᳓ 㕙ߦߞߚᴤಽߪ⹜ᢱጀౝࠍㅢㆊߒߡ߶ߣࠎߤ ᴤᄤ⒊߳ߣឃߐࠇߚߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘Swaowߪ ㅜ ᳞ ߚ᳓ ಽ ᜬ․ᕈ ᦛ ✢ Swaw 㧔 ࿑ C ߣ ห ୯㧕ߣ߽ㄭߊ㧘ߎࠇߪᓥ᧪ߩᑼ(8)ߩᅷᒰᕈ߇㜞ߊ ᑼ(9)߇ᱜߒߊߥߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߢࠆ㧚ߟ߉ߦ㧘 ᴤጀෘߐ߇20cmߩታ⋚ߢߩ⁁ᴫࠍౣߔࠆߚ ߦ㧘࿑ߢߩᴤᄤ⒊ߩᴤ㕙ߩ⟎(Toil)ࠍ20cm ߐߖ㧘᳓ᄤ⒊ߩ᳓㕙ߩ⟎(Tw)ߪࡠߣߒߡታ㛎ࠍ 2࿁ⴕߞߚ㧚⼾ᶆ⍾ߦߟߡߩStaowߩ⚿ᨐߣㅜ᳞. ⷫ᳓ᕈࡒ࠶ࠢޓ3mmෘ 㧔ήടᎿ⁁ᘒߢ᳓ಽ㘻ߐߖ,᳓ߩᲫ ▤ജߢᴤⓨ᳇ߩᶐࠍᅹߍࠆ㧕 ⌀ߜࠀ߁ㇱಽ. Ǿ=25mm Ǿ=50mm. ᴤߩߺ ឃ. ߘߩᓟ㧘ᴤᄤ⒊ߩᴤ㕙ߩ⟎߅ࠃ߮᳓ᄤ⒊ߩ᳓㕙ߩ ⟎ߪ࿕ቯߒߚ߹߹㧘ⓨ᳇ߩߺࠍ⧯ᐓᄢ߈ߊߔࠆ ᠲࠍⴕߥ㧘ᣂߚߥᐔⴧ⁁ᘒߦߔࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ ⓨ᳇ߩᠲࠬ࠹࠶ࡊࠍ➅ࠅߔߎߣߦࠃࠅ㧘᳓㨯 ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ࠍ᳞ߚ㧚. ᳓ߩߺ ឃ. ߚᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢Soao㧔࿑ C ߣห୯㧕ࠍ㊀ߨ ߚ߽ߩ߇࿑ߢࠆ㧚❑ゲߪhaoߢᢛℂߒߚ㧚ᑼ(9) ߇ᱜߒߌࠇ߫㧘hao ߢᢛℂߒߚ࿑ߦ߅ߡᴤጀෘ ߇ᄌࠊߞߡ߽StaowಽᏓߣSoaoಽᏓ߇৻⥌ߔࠆߪߕߢ. ࿑ ⇹᳓ⷫ᳓ࡒ࠶ࠢㇱಽ ਛ᧼. 160 عS t. ًޓS w. 120. ٌS w. عS t. 80. aow. ٠غS t. 70. aw. 80 60. aow. aow. ٨S o. 60. 100. hao (cm). ⓨ᳇᳓㗡ha (cm). 140. 90. aow. (ᴤጀෘ0cm). (ᴤጀෘ20cm). ao. 50 40 30. 40. 20. 20. 10. 0 0. 50. 0. 100. 0. 㘻ᐲ . 50. 100. 㘻ᐲ . ࿑ ᴤጀෘࡠߢߩ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ታ㛎⚿ᨐߣ ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߩᲧセ㧔⼾ᶆ⍾㧕. ࿑ ᴤጀෘࠍᄌൻߐߖߚߣ߈ߩ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ታ 㛎⚿ᨐߣ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߩᲧセ㧔⼾ᶆ⍾㧕. 326.
(9) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4 ha. h ow. h ao. 80 60 40 20. -120. -100. Oil Surface. -80. -60. -40. WaterSurface. 0 -20. 0. ho. hw. 20. ha. 5. h ow. hw ho. h ao. 4. ⓨ᳇ߩᠲࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ. 100. ⓨ᳇ߩ ᠲࠬ࠹࠶ࡊ. 120. ho. ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐZo (cm). hw. 3 2 1. ᳓㗡(cm) 40. 60. -20. -20. ha. 6. h ow. 5. h ao. 4 3 2 1 0. 0 -40. 7. 0. 20. 40. 60. 80. 100. -20. 0. ᳓㗡(cm). 20. 40. 60. 80 100 ᳓㗡(cm). -40. ࿑ ታ⋚ߢᗐቯߐࠇࠆ ᴤጀෘ EO ߢߩ᳓㗡ಽᏓ. ࿑ ട᧼ᴺߦ߅ߡ ⴕࠊࠇࠆߴ߈ᠲ. ࠆ߇㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐߦߪߥࠄߥ㧚ߚߛߒ㧘 ࿑߆ࠄᴤጀෘߩᄢ߈ߥ20cmߩࠤࠬߩStaowߩ߶߁ ߇Soaoߦㄭߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߪ㧘એਅߩࠃ߁ߦ ⠨߃ࠆߣℂ⸃ߢ߈ࠆ㧚 ࿑ߩ❑ゲߢࠆhao ߪᴤ㕙ߩ⟎߇ේὐߢࠆ㧚 ᴤጀෘ߇ᄢ߈ߊߥࠆߦߟࠇߡ᳓㕙߇ਅᣇߦ㆙ߑ߆ࠅ㧘 ᳓ಽᲫ▤Ꮺߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߥߊߥࠆߩߢStaowಽᏓ ߪዊߐߊߥࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘᳓㕙߇ਅᣇߦ㆙ߑ߆ࠆߎߣߢ ਛߩ㑆㓗ߪᴤߢḩߚߐࠇࠆߚ㧘ᴤጀෘ߇ᄢ߈ߊ ߥࠆ߶ߤ࿑ߩStaow ಽᏓߪᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢Soao ߩ ᒻ⁁߳ߣㄭߠߡߊߩߢࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣߪ❑ゲࠍ haoߢᢛℂߒߚߣ߈㧘ᑼ(9)߇ᚑࠅ┙ߟߩߪᴤጀෘߩ ᄢ߈ߥ႐วߢࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߡࠆ㧚 D ⠨ኤ ߎߎߢታ⋚ߣട᧼ᴺߢߩ᳓㗡ߩ⠨߃ᣇߦߟ ߡߩᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߚ㧚వㅀߩታ㛎᧦ઙߣߒߡ⸳ቯߒ ߚᴤጀෘ20cmߩฦ᳓㗡ಽᏓߪ㧘ታ⋚ߢߪ࿑ߩ ࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡࠆߣᗐቯߐࠇࠆ㧚ᴤ㕙ߩ㜞ߐએߢ ߪⓨ᳇ߩ᳓㗡㧔٤㧕ߪࡠ㧘ᴤߩ᳓㗡㧔ع㧕ߪZoߦ ᴤߩᲧ㊀ࠍਸ਼ߓߚ୯ߦߥࠆ㧚᳓ߩ᳓㗡㧔٨㧕ߪ᳓㕙 ߢߩᴤߩ᳓㗡ߩ୯ࠍὐߦߒߚ⋥✢ಽᏓߣߥࠆߣ⠨ ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚࿑ߩ⁁ᘒࠍ㧘ᴤߩ᳓㗡㧔ع㧕ࠍࡠߣ ߒߡhao㧘how߇৻⥌ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦട᧼ᴺߢታ㛎ࠍⴕ ߁ߣߔࠆߥࠄ߫࿑ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚࿑ߢߩ❑ゲ ߪ㜞ߐߢߪߥߊ೨ㅀߒߚⓨ᳇ߩᠲࠬ࠹࠶ࡊߢ ࠆ㧚 ߎࠇߦኻߒ㧘ᧄ▵ߢⴕߞߚᴤጀෘ 20cm ߩട᧼ ᴺߢߪ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߥᓮࠍⴕߞߚ㧚࿑ ߩᴤ㨯᳓ ↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߩ⋧ኻ⟎㑐ଥ߇৻ቯߢߞߚߩߢ how ߇ᓢߦޘᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ᭽ሶߪౣߐࠇߡߥ㧚࿁ ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐߩᢛℂߪ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߦ hao ߦࠃࠆ߽ߩߢ ߞߚߩߢ㗴ߪή߇㧘ታ⋚ߢߪ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ ߦ how ߽ᄌേߔࠆߚ㧘᳓↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ࠍ㒠ਅߐߖࠆ. 327. ࿑ ࿁ߩട᧼ᴺታ㛎ߢߩᠲ. ᠲߦࠃߞߡ࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߦ hw ࠍૐਅߐߖࠆᓮ ࠍⴕ߁ߩ߇ᦸ߹ߒ㧚 . ᳓㨯ᴤ⋧♽ታ㛎㧔᳓ᄤ⒊㒠ਅᴺ㧕 ᳓㨯ᴤ2⋧♽ߦ߅ߌࠆታ㛎ᑼ(8)ߩᅷᒰᕈࠍ⏕ߔ ࠆߚ㧘એਅߩࠃ߁ߥታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚೨ឝߩ࿑ߦ ␜ߒߚታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߢ㧘3⋧♽ታ㛎ߣหߓᣇᴺߢ ᳓ᴤߩలႯࠍⴕ߁㧚ᰴߦ࿑ߩೋᦼ⁁ᘒߦ߅ ߡએਅߩ2ߟߩ᧦ઙᑼ߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ᳓㨯ᴤᄤ⒊ࠍ ࠶࠻ߔࠆ㧚. Uw Toil (13) U oil U Dw Doil oil Tw (14) Uw. Doil Dw. ߎߎߢ㧘Doil㧦Ἦᴤጀߩᷓߐ(cm)㧘Dw㧦᳓㕙߆ࠄ ⹜ᢱጀਛᄩㇱ߹ߢߩᷓߐ(cm)㧘ǹ w 㧦᳓ߩኒᐲ 㧔᳓᷷ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆ㧚߅ࠃߘ1.0g/cm3 㧕㧘ǹ oil 㧦 Ἦᴤߩኒᐲ㧔ᴤ᷷ߦࠃߞߡ⇣ߥࠆ㧚߅ࠃߘ 0.8g/cm3㧕㧘Toil㧦ᴤ↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߩᴤ㕙߆ࠄ⹜ᢱጀ ਛᄩㇱ߹ߢߩᷓߐ(cm)㧘Tw㧦᳓↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߩ᳓㕙߆ ࠄ⹜ᢱጀਛᄩㇱ߹ߢߩᷓߐ(cm)ߢࠆ㧚 ߎߩ᧦ઙᑼ߇ᚑ┙ߒߡࠆ⁁ᘒߢߪ᳓㨯ᴤߩജ Ꮕߪߥߊ㧘᳓㨯ᴤ▤〝ߩࡃ࡞ࡉࠍ㐿ߡ߽ឃ᳓㨯ๆᴤ ߇↢ߓߥ㧚ᄤ⒊ߩ୯߇േߡߥߎߣࠍ⏕ߒ ߚᓟ㧘࿑ߦ␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ᳓ᄤ⒊ߩߺࠍᚲቯߩ⟎ ߹ߢ㒠ਅߐߖ᳓㨯ᴤ▤〝ߩࡃ࡞ࡉࠍ㐿߈㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߦ ࠃࠆឃ᳓㨯ๆᴤ㊂⸘᷹ࠍ㐿ᆎߔࠆ㧚ឃ᳓߇ቢੌߒߚ ࠄ㧘ᰴߩᲑ㓏ߩ⟎ߦ᳓ᄤ⒊ࠍૐਅߐߖ㧘ߐࠄߦឃ ᳓㨯ๆᴤ㊂ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ㧚ߎߩᬺࠍ➅ߒ᳓㨯ᴤ2⋧ ♽ᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ࠍ᳞ߚ㧚 ߎߩ᳓ᄤ⒊㒠ਅᴺߢߪ㧘࿑ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ ⹜ᢱߦਈ߃ࠄࠇࠆᴤߩ᳓㗡hoߪ৻ቯߢࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘.
(10) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. . Ԙೋᦼ⁁ᘒ(⹜ᢱߪ᳓ߢ㘻) ᴤ↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߩᴤ㕙ߪ ዋߒ㧔᳓ࠃࠅシߚ㧕 OPEN ᴤ. 140. ᴤ. Doil. ᳓. ᳓. Dw. . Tw. ⹜ᢱ. hw h ow. OPEN. ᴤ. 3. ᴤin. -20. ⹜ᢱ ᳓out. Tw. -15. -10. -5. 1. 20 0 0. 5. ᳓㗡(cm) ᳓↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ ᳓. 60 40. 0. Doil. ow. 80. 2. ᴤ. aw. 䃂䂓䂹S w. 100. 4. ᄤ⒊ߩᠲ. ԙ᳓㕙ࠍૐਅ ᴤ㕙ߪߘߩ߹߹. Toil. ho. 5. ࿑ ᳓ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ታ㛎㧔ߘߩ 1㧕. ᴤ↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊. 䂾S w. 120. Zw 䋨cm). Toil. ᳓↪㔚ሶᄤ⒊ߩ᳓㕙ߪ ዋߒਅ㧔ᴤࠃࠅ㊀ߚ㧕. ࿑ 2 ⋧♽ታ㛎ߢⴕߞߚᄤ ⒊ߩᠲ. 0. 50. 100. 㘻ᐲ(%). ࿑ ᳓ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ߢߩ᳓ ಽ㘻ᐲߣ᳓ಽᜬ․ ᕈᦛ✢ߩᲧセ. ࿑ ᳓ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ታ㛎㧔ߘߩ 2㧕. ᳓ߩ᳓㗡hw ߪ᳓ᄤ⒊߇㒠ਅߔࠆߚߦૐਅߔࠆ㧚 ࿑ߦ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ߎߩᄤ⒊ࠍ㒠ਅߐߖࠆᠲ ࠍ➅ࠅߔߎߣߢ㧘⇣ߥࠆhowߦኻߔࠆታ㛎߇ⴕ߃ ࠆ㧚 ⼾ᶆ⍾ߦߟߡⴕߞߚ࿁ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍ㧘 <Y㧔㧩 6Y㧕ࠍ❑ゲߦߣߞߡᢛℂߒߚ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ߇࿑ߩ 5YQY ߢ 㧘 Ყ セ ߩ ߚ ߦ ㊀ ߨ ߚ ᳓ ಽ ᜬ ․ ᕈ ᦛ ✢ 㧔5YCY㧕ߣ㕖Ᏹߦㄭ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߡࠆ㧚᳓㨯ᴤ㧞⋧ ♽ߢߩ᳓ಽಽᏓߩᦛ✢ᒻ⁁߇᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߣㄭ ୯ߣߥߞߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᑼ ߩᅷᒰᕈ߇㜞ߎߣ ߇⏕ߢ߈ߚ㧚. ߢ✦࿕㧘⌕⦡ߒߚἮᴤ400mlࠍ᳓㕙ߦࠁߞߊ ࠅߣᵈߔࠆ㧚ᦨਅㇱࠞࡓ㕙ߩࡃ࡞ࡉࠍ㐿ߒ ㊀ജឃࠍ㐿ᆎߒ㧘2ㅳ㑆ᓟߦឃߐࠇߚᴤߩⓍ 㧔Voil-d㧕ߣᴤߩጀෘࠍ᷹ቯߒߚ㧚. 㧟ᩇᴺߦࠃࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇㧟⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈ ታ㛎 . ታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߩⷐ ೨┨ߩട᧼ᴺߢߩ⚿ᨐࠍ㧘ⓨ᳇߿ᶧ⋧ឃ ߩᓮࠍⴕࠊߥ⥄ὼᐔⴧߩ႐ߢߐࠄߦ⏕ߔߴߊ㧘 ᩇᴺߦࠃࠆታ㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚 ࿑߇㧘ᩇᴺߦࠃࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈ ⹜㛎ߩⵝ⟎ߢࠆ㧚ᦨਅㇱ2Ბߩࡃ࡞ࡉઃ߈ࠞࡓ ߪਣⓣ߈ࠕ࡞ࡒ᧼2ᨎߢࡈࠖ࡞࠲ࠍߪߐࠎߛ߽ ߩߢࠞࡓౝࠍ❑ߦಽഀߒ㧘⹜ᢱߣᶧㇱಽࠍಽ ߌࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߡࠆ㧚ᶧߩ8ᧄߩࡃ࡞ࡉࠍ ߁ߎߣߢ㧘ታ㓙ߩ⋚ߩᚭߢਅ᳓㕙ߦᶋߡ ࠆᴤጀෘࠍౣߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦᎿᄦߒߚ㧚ߎߩ㋦⋥ࠞ ࡓߦ⹜ᢱࠍలႯኒᐲǹ d㧩1.55g/cm3 ߦ᳓ಽ㘻 328. Ყセߩߚߦㅜ㧘ᩇᴺߦࠃࠆ᳓ⓨ᳇ ⋧♽ ታ㛎ߣᴤⓨ᳇ ⋧♽ታ㛎߽ⴕߞߚ߇㧘ࡅࠬ࠹ࠪ ࠬߦࠃࠆታ㛎⚿ᨐߩ⋧㆑߇ߥࠃ߁㧘᳓㨯ᴤⓨ᳇ ⋧♽ታ㛎ߣห᭽ߦߔߴߡ㊀ജឃㆊ⒟ߦߟߡⴕ ߥߞߚ㧚 . 㧕 ⋧♽㘻ᐲ᷹ቯᴺ ࿑ ߦ␜ߒߚᣇᴺߦࠃࠅ㧘ᩇᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ 3 ⋧ ♽㘻ᐲߩ᷹ቯࠍⴕ߁㧚ߎߩᣇᴺߪ⪺⠪ࠄ߇⠨᩺ߒ ߚ߽ߩߢ㧘◲නߦᱜ⏕ߥ 3 ⋧♽㘻ᐲ߇᷹ቯߢ߈ࠆ ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ㅪ⚿ࠞࡓߩጀㇱ߆ࠄ৻Ბߕߟ⸃ ߒߡߊ㧚㧝ߟߩࠞࡓ߆ࠄਅੑಽഀߩഀวߢࠨ ࡦࡊ࡞ࠍߘࠇߙࠇࡃ࠶࠻ߦ⒖ߔ㧚↪ᗧߒߚ᳓ 200ml ࠍࡃ࠶࠻ౝߩ⹜ᢱࠍ 500ml ߩࡔࠬࠪࡦ࠳ ߦ⒖ߔ㧚᳓ࠍട߃ࠆℂ↱ߪ㧘⹜ᢱߦ߹ࠇߚᴤ ࠍ᳓ߦᶋ߆ߖߡߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘㑆㓗ⓨ᳇ߩⓍ ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆߎߣߦࠆ㧚ࡔࠬࠪࡦ࠳ౝߩోⓍ V’ࠍ᷹ቯߔࠆ㧚ࡔࠬࠪࡦ࠳ౝߩ⹜ᢱࠍᠣᜈߒ ߡᴤࠍᶋ߆ߖߚᓟ㧘♖ᐲࠃߊ᷹ቯߔࠆߚ 50ml ߩ ࡔࠬࠪࡦ࠳ߦᴤࠍ⒖ߒ㧘Ⓧ Voil1 ࠍ᷹ࠆ㧚ߘ ߩᓟߩ⹜ᢱࠍἹੇ῎ߒ㧘☸ሶ⾰㊂ Ms ࠍ᳞ࠆ㧚 ታ㛎⚳ੌᤨߦᣢ⍮ߣߥࠆߩߪੇ῎లႯኒᐲǹ d㧘 ☸ሶኒᐲǹs㧘☸ሶ⾰㊂ Ms㧘ࠨࡦࡊ࡞Ⓧ V’㧘ᶋ ߚᴤ Voil1 ߩ 4 ߟߢࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄࠍ↪એਅߩᑼߢ.
(11) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. Ἦᴤ(400ml) ᳓. Vall Vall. 㑆㓗ⓨ᳇. ㊀ജឃ 150cm. Va. 15cm. ࡈࠖ࡞࠲. ട߃ߚ᳓. ☸ሶኒᐲ U s 2.496IEO3. Ms. 㧔ࠟࠬࡆ࠭㧕. Us. U s 2.639IEO3 㧔⼾ᶆ⍾㧕. V a = Vall + 200 V'. (400 - V oil-d ). Vw. ᴤጀෘ. ߣࠇߥ߆ߞߚᴤ. ࿑ ᩇᴺߦࠃࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇. Voil 2 . Ms. 㰿M s. M㨟. Voil2. ឃߐࠇߚ ᴤߩⓍ. Voil 2. Voil = Voil1 + Voil2. Vs. ☸ሶ. Voil-d. Voil 1 =. Voil 2 =. Ἱੇ῎. ឃญ 20cm ⹜ ᢱ ᳓. Ud. V v = Vall - V s. 200ml. 㑆㓗᳓. ࡃ࡞ࡉ㐿. 20cm. Vall+200. Voil1 V. ᶋߚᴤ. Vs. ੇ῎లႯኒᐲ U d 1.55I/EO3. Ms. V w = V v - V a - Voil. ࿑ ᩇᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ 3 ⋧♽㘻ᐲߩ᷹ቯᣇᴺ. 3 ⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈ⹜㛎ⵝ⟎. ᴤⓍ Voil ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚. Vall㧘Vv㧘Va ࠍ▚ߔࠆ㧚 . Ms. (15). Ms. (16). Vall Vs. (17). Vall. Ud. Vs. Vv Va. Us. Vall 200 V ´. . (18) એࠃࠅ㧘ߔߴߡߩⓍ߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠍ 㑆㓗Ⓧ Vv ߢ㒰ߔߎߣߢฦ⋧ߩ㘻ᐲࠍ▚ߒߚ㧚 ߎߩᬺࠍోࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦኻߒߡⴕ߁ߎߣߢ ⋧♽㘻 ᐲಽᏓࠍ᳞ߚ㧚 . 400 Voil -d
(12) ¦ Voil1 . ታ㛎⚿ᨐ ࿑ C ߪ㧘ࠟࠬࡆ࠭0.4mmࠍ↪ߡⴕߞߚ ᴤ ጀ ෘ 6.0cmߢ ߩ ᳓ 㨯ᴤ 㨯 ⓨ ᳇ 3⋧♽ ᜬ ․ ᕈᦛ ✢ 㧔StaowߣSwaow㧕ߦ㧘᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Swaw㧕ࠍ㊀ ߨߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚❑ゲߪ㧘ℂ⸃ߒ߿ߔࠃ߁ߦ᳓㕙 ࠍࡠߣߒߚ㜞ߐZwߢᢛℂߒߚ㧚ߎߩᢛℂߢߪStaow㧘 Swaow 㧘Swaw ߩ3⒳㘃ߩ㘻ᐲᦛ✢ࠍ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ߩ Ძ▤ജ⇇㕙ᒛജᏅࠍ⠨ᘦߖߕߦ㊀ߨࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ ࠆ㧚. (19). ⹜ᢱోߣߒߡߩǛVoil2 ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚᓟ㧘ฦࠨࡦࡊ࡞ ߦߟߡߩ Voil2 ࠍ㧘ߘߩࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߩ☸ሶ⾰㊂ Ms ߩోߦ߅ߌࠆഀวߢ㊀ߺઃߌߒߡಽ㈩ߒߚ㧚. Voil 2. ¦ Voil 2 u. Ms ¦Ms. Voil 1 Voil 2 (21). 㑆㓗ⓍVv 㧘㑆㓗ⓨ᳇Va 㧘ࠨࡦࡊ࡞ౝߩᴤVoil ߇᳞ ࠄࠇߚߚ㧘ᑼ(22)ߢ㑆㓗᳓Vw߇᳞ࠄࠇࠆ㧚 Vw Vv Va Voil (22). 㗴ߣߥࠆߩߪᡬᜈߦࠃߞߡ࿁ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚᴤ ߩⓍ㧔Voil2㧕߇⋥ធ᷹ቯߢ߈ߥߎߣߢࠆ㧚ߎ ߎ߹ߢߪฦࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߦߟߡߩ⸘▚ߢߞߚ߇㧘⹜ ᢱోߦߟߡ⠨߃ࠆߣ400mlߩᴤࠍᛩߒߚ߁ߜ ឃߐࠇߚߩ߇Voil-dߢ㧘ǛVoil1߇࿁ߐࠇߚ✚ᴤߣ ߁ߎߣ߹ߢࠊ߆ߞߡࠆߩߢ㧘᷹ቯߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ ᴤߩ✚ⓍǛVoil2ߪᑼ(19)ߩࠃ߁ߦ⸘▚ߐࠇࠆ㧚 ¦ Voil 2. Voil. . ࿑ C ࠃࠅ㧘3 ⋧♽᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ㧔Swaow㧕ߩಽᏓ ᦛ✢ߣ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Swaw㧕ߪㄭߊ㧘ᑼ(8)ߩᅷ ᒰᕈ߇㜞ߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ㧚࿑ D ߪ㧘 ࿑ C ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐߩ 3 ⋧♽ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ㧔Staow㧕 ߦ⌕⋡ߒ㧘ㅜታ㛎ߢ᳞ߚᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ 㧔Soao㧕ࠍ㊀ߨߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ߎߎߢߪᴤ㕙ࠍࡠ. (20). ฦࠨࡦࡊ࡞ߩ Voil2 ߇᳞ࠄࠇߚߩߢ㧘ᰴߩᑼ(21)ߢ. 329.
(13) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. 100. 100. ᴤጀෘ6.0cm. ᴤጀෘ18.5cm. 80. 䂓S t. aow. 70. 䃂S w. aow. 60. ŨS w. aw. 50 40 30. 80. 䂓S t. aow. 70. 䃂S w. aow. 60. ŨS w. aw. 50 40 30. 20. 20. 10. 10. Oil Surface Water Surface. 0. 0. Oil Surface. 0. 50. ᳓㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐZ㨣 (cm㧕. 90 ᳓㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐZ㨣 (cm㧕. ᳓㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐZ㨣 (cm㧕. 90. Water Surface. 0. 100. 㘻ᐲ(%). 50. 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0. ᴤጀෘ6.7cm 䂓S t. aow. 䃂S w. aow. ŨS w. aw. Oil Surface. 100. 0. Water Surface. 㘻ᐲ(%). 50. 100. 㘻ᐲ(%). C Zw ߦࠃࠆᢛℂ C Zw ߦࠃࠆᢛℂ C Zw ߦࠃࠆᢛℂ. ᴤጀෘ6.0cm. 40. 䂓S t. 50. aow. 䂾S o. ao. hao (cm). hao (cm). 50. 30. 40. 120. ᴤጀෘ18.5cm 䂓S t. aow. 䂾S o. ao. ᴤጀෘ6.7cm. 110 100 90. hao (cm). 60. 60. 30. 80. 䂓S t. aow. 䂾S o. ao. 70 60 50. 20. 20. 10. 10. 0. 0. 40 30 20 10. Oil Surface 0 50. 100. 㘻ᐲ(%). Oil Surface 0 50. 0 Oil Surface. 100. 㘻ᐲ(%). 0. 50. 100. 㘻ᐲ(%). . D hao ߦࠃࠆᢛℂ D hao ߦࠃࠆᢛℂ . ࿑ ࠟࠬࡆ࠭ 0.4mm ߩ ታ㛎⚿ᨐ(StaowSwaow)ߣ SwawSoao ߩᲧセ 㧔ᴤጀෘ 6.0cm㧕. ࿑ ࠟࠬࡆ࠭ 0.2mm ߩ ታ㛎⚿ᨐ(StaowSwaow)ߣ SwawSoao ߩᲧセ 㧔ᴤጀෘ 18.5cm㧕. 330. D hao ߦࠃࠆᢛℂ. ࿑ ⼾ᶆ⍾ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐ (StaowSwaow)ߣ SwawSoao ߩᲧセ 㧔ᴤጀෘ 6.7cm㧕.
(14) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. ߣߒߡ❑ゲࠍ hao ߢᢛℂߒߚ㧚Staow ߣ Soao ߦߪᄢ߈ ߥ㓒ߚࠅ߇↢ߓ㧘❑ゲࠍ hao ߢᢛℂߒߚ㓙ߦਔ⠪߇ ৻⥌ߔࠆᑼ(9)ߩᅷᒰᕈ߇ዊߐߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߣ ߥߞߚ㧚 ࿑ C ߪ㧘ࠟࠬࡆ࠭ 0.2mm ࠍ↪ߡⴕߞ ߚᴤጀෘ 18.5cm ߢߩ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈᦛ ✢㧔Staow ߣ Swaow㧕ߦ㧘᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Swaw㧕ࠍ ㊀ߨߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚❑ゲߪ Zw ߢᢛℂߒߡࠆ㧚࿑ C ࠃࠅ㧘Swaow ߣ Swaw ߪㄭߊ㧘ᑼ(8)ߩᅷᒰᕈ߇㜞 ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚࿑ D ߪ㧘࿑ C ߩታ㛎⚿ ᨐߩ 3 ⋧♽ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ㧔Staow㧕ߣ㧘ㅜታ㛎ߢ᳞ ߚᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Soao㧕ࠍ㊀ߨߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ❑ゲߪ hao ߢᢛℂߒߚ㧚Staow ߣ Soao ߦߪ㓒ߚࠅ߇ ࠅ㧘࿑ D ห᭽㧘ᑼ(9)ߩᅷᒰᕈ߇ૐ⚿ᨐߣߥ ߞߚ㧚 ࿑ C ߪ㧘⼾ᶆ⍾ࠍ↪ߡⴕߞߚᴤጀෘ 6.7cm ߩ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Staow ߣ Swaow㧕ߦ㧘 ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Swaw㧕ࠍ㊀ߨߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚❑ ゲߪ Zw ߢᢛℂߒߡࠆ㧚࿑ C ࠃࠅ㧘 Swaow ߣ Swaw ߪૐ㘻ᐲㇱಽࠍ㒰ߌ߫߶߷৻⥌ߒ㧘ᑼ(8)ߩᅷ ᒰᕈ߇㜞⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ㧚 ࿑ D ߪ㧘࿑ C ߩ Staow ߣ㧘Soao ࠍ㊀ߨߚ߽ ߩߢࠆ㧚❑ゲߪ hao ߢᢛℂߒߚ㧚Staow ߣ Soao ߦߪ 㕖Ᏹߦᄢ߈ߥ㓒ߚࠅ߇ࠅ㧘࿑ D 㧘࿑ D ห ᭽㧘ᑼ(9)ߩᅷᒰᕈ߇ૐߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ㧚 એߩታ㛎⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘ᑼ(9)ࠃࠅ߽ᑼ(8)ߩᅷᒰᕈ ߇㜞ߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⚿ᨐ߇ᓧࠄࠇߚ㧚ᴤጀෘ߇6.0cm㧘 6.7cmߣߞߚᲧセ⊛⭯࿑㧘࿑ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐ ߢߩ3⋧♽ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ㧔Staow 㧕ߩಽᏓߪ㧘࿑߆ࠄ ࠄ߆ߥࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Soao㧕ߩಽᏓ ߪ߅ࠈ߆᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢㧔Swaw㧕ߩಽᏓࠃࠅ߽㜞 ⟎ߦࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ⠨߃ߡ㧘ᴤጀෘ߇ᢙEO ࠝ࠳ߩ⁁ᘒߦኻߒᑼ(9)߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆน⢻ᕈߪ߶ ߣࠎߤήߣ߃ࠆ㧚. 㧠⠨ኤ . ታ㛎⚿ᨐߩౣᢛℂ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᧄ⎇ⓥߩታ㛎ߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⚿ᨐࠍᑼ␜ߒ㧘 ᓥ᧪ᑼߣߩᲧセࠍ⹜ߺࠆ㧚᳓㕙߆ࠄߩ㜞ߐ Zw ߢᢛ ℂߔࠆߣߔࠆߣ 3 ⋧♽ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ Staow ߣฦ♽ߩ ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ Sw ߩ㑐ଥߪᑼ(23)ߩࠃ߁ߦߖࠆ㧚ᑼ (23)ߩਛᄩߩ 2 ߟߩ㗄ߩ Zw ࠍ how ߢ⸥ߒߚ߽ߩ߇ᑼ (8)ߢࠆ㧚 S taow ( Z w ) ! S waow ( Z w ). S wow ( Z w ). S waw ( Z w ) (23). 331. ╙ 2 㗄߆ࠄ╙ 4 㗄߹ߢ߇╬ภߢ⚿߫ࠇߡࠆࠃ߁ ߦᴤಽߩήᴤጀෘߩᄢዊߦ߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘᳓ಽ㘻 ᐲ Sw ߩಽᏓᒻ⁁ߪ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ Swaw ߣ╬ߒ ߎߣ߇ታ㛎߆ࠄ⏕ߢ߈ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘╙ 1 㗄⋡ߩ 3 ⋧♽ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ Staow ߪᴤಽ㘻ᐲ߇ടࠊࠆߚ ߦ㧘ߎࠇࠄ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ Sw ࠃࠅᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧚 ৻ᣇ㧘ߣߊߦᩇᴺߩ⚿ᨐߩ hao ߦࠃࠆᢛℂߢ ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᢙ cm ࠝ࠳ߩᴤጀߩ⭯ ታ㛎ߢߪᑼ(24)ߩࠃ߁ߥਇ╬ᑼߣߥࠅᑼ(9)ߪᚑ┙ߒ ߥߎߣ߇ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧚 S taow (hao ) ! S oao (hao ) (24) ᑼ(23)(24)ߩࠃ߁ߥ⚿ᨐࠍ␜ߒߡࠆ⎇ⓥߦㄭᐕ ߩ⍹ࠄ 11),17)ߩታ㛎߇ࠆ㧚⍹ࠄߩታ㛎ߪ㕖Ᏹߦ ⚦ߦⴕࠊࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘᳓㕙Ძ▤㘻Ꮺߩ⟎ߦߟ ߡ⏕ߥ⸥ㅀ߇ࠆ㧚ᴤ㕙ߩ⟎߇⏕ߢߥߚ ቯ㊂⊛ߥᲧセ߇ߢ߈ߥ߇㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߦ߅ߌࠆᩇ ᴺߦߚࠅ㧘ᴤጀෘߩ⭯ታ㛎ߢ᳓ಽߩᲫ▤㘻Ꮺ ߩߦᴤಽಽᏓᦛ✢߇ᒛࠅߟߊᒻߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᧄ ⎇ⓥߣห᭽ߦᑼ(23)(24)ߩࠃ߁ߥะ߇ᓧࠄࠇߡ ࠆ㧚. ᑼ ߩㆡ↪▸࿐ ߎߎ߹ߢߩ⼏⺰ߪᑼ(9)߇ᚑ┙ߒߥታ㛎⚿ᨐ߫ ߆ࠅߢߞߚߩߢ㧘ߎߎߢߪᑼ(9)߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ ࠍᒁ↪ߒ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߩ⚿ᨐߣᲧセᬌ⸛ߒߡߺߚ㧚 Lenhard and Parker6)ߩⴕߞߚ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽ߩታ㛎 ⚿ᨐ߇࿑ߢࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߩታ㛎ߢߪᓧࠄࠇߥ߆ ߞߚ㧘Staowᦛ✢ߣSoaoᦛ✢ߩ৻⥌߇ࠄࠇᑼ(9)߇ᚑ ┙ߔࠆ㧚Lenhard and Parker6)ߩታ㛎ⵝ⟎ߢߪ㧘⹜ ᢱ┵ߪᄢ᳇ߦ㐿ߐࠇ㧘╴ࠞࡓౝოߩࡒ ࠶ࠢ࠺ࠖࠬࠢ߆ࠄ᳓ಽ㨯ᴤಽࠍߘࠇߙࠇๆᒁߒߡ ࠆ㧚ߎߩ⹜ᢱౝߩ㘻ᐲߪઍ୯ߣߒߡᛒࠊࠇ㧘 ࠊࠁࠆⷐ⚛⹜㛎ߢࠆ㧚 వㅀߩ࿑ ߢߩోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ 60%ߩ㓙ߩⓨ᳇ߣ ᴤߩᲫ▤᳓㗡 hao ߪ߅ࠃߘ 12cm ߣ⺒ߺߣࠇࠆ㧚 Lenhard and Parker6) ߩ ↪ ߚ ᴤ ߩ ኒ ᐲ ߪ ߶ ߷ 0.8g/cm3 ߣ㧘ᧄታ㛎ߢ↪ߚἮᴤߣㄭኒᐲߢࠆ㧚 ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ〒㔌 Zo ߣߒߡߪ Zo=hao/ǹo㧩12/0.8=15cm ߢࠆ㧚ᰴߦ᳓ಽߦߟߡ⠨߃ࠆ㧚ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ 60%ߣ߁ߎߣߪ᳓ಽ㘻ᐲߪᦨᄢߢ߽ 60%ߩߪߕ ߢࠆ㧚 ߎߎߢ Lenhard and Parker6)ߩⴕߞߚ࿑ ߩ 2 ⋧ ♽ߩታ㛎⚿ᨐࠍߺࠆߣ㧘᳓ಽ㘻ᐲ 60%ߩߣ߈ߩ ᴤߣ᳓ߩᲫ▤᳓㗡 how ߪ߅ࠃߘ 16cm ߣ⺒ߺߣࠇࠆ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘࿑ ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ታ㛎ߦ߅.
(15) . 32. 22 20 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0. 䂓S t 䃂S o. how (cm). hao (cm). 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. aow. 28. 䂾S w. 24. 䂔S w. ow aow. 20 16 12. ao. 8 4 0. 0. 50. 0. 100. 50. 㪽㫀㪾㪊. 㘻ᐲ(%). 㘻ᐲ(%) ࿑ Lenhard and Parker6) ߩᴤⓨ᳇ 2 ⋧♽ታ㛎ߩᴤ ಽᏓߣ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ታ㛎ߩోᶧಽᏓ. 㕙. h ow =16cm. 30. ࿑ Lenhard and Parker6) ߩ᳓ᴤ 2 ⋧♽ታ㛎ߣ ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽ታ㛎ߩ᳓ಽಽᏓ. ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ 㜞ߐ Zo (cm). St aow (hao ). zo. Z o =15cm. S oao (hao ). zo. St. ⌕⋡ὐߩ⟎. 15. 100. aow. S oao. ᳓㗡(cm). 0 -60. -40. -20. 0. 20. 40. 60. -15. ᳓ߩ᳓㗡 ᴤߩ᳓㗡 ⓨ᳇ߩ᳓㗡 -30 ᴤ㕙 ᳓㕙 -45. ᴤ. ᴤ. ᴤጀෘߐ EO. ᳓. -60 -75. C D E ࿑ Lenhard and Parker6) ߩታ㛎ࠍታ⋚ߢౣߒߚ࿑. ߡ᳓ಽߛߌߢ 60%ߣ߁ߎߣߪߥߣᕁࠊࠇ㧘 ᴤߣ᳓ߩജᏅ how ߪ 16cm ࠃࠅ߽ᄢ߈ߪߕߢ ࠆ㧚 ߎߩታ㛎᧦ઙࠍታ㓙ߩ⋚ߩ᭽ሶߦ⟎߈឵߃ࠆߣ ࿑ C ߩࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚࿑ߪ❑ゲߩࡠࠍᴤ㕙߆ࠄ ߩ㜞ߐߣߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘ਅᣇߦὐ✢ߢਅ᳓㕙ࠍ␜ߒ ߚ㧚࿑ C ߩࠃ߁ߦᢛℂߒߡߺࠆߣ㧘ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩ 㜞ߐ Zo㧩15cm ߩ⌕⋡ὐߦ߅ߡ how=16cm એߣߥ ࠆᴤጀෘߪ 65cm એߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ߎ ߩታ㛎ߦ↪ࠄࠇߡࠆ⹜ᢱߪ Lenhard and Parker6) ߩ⺰ᢥਛߢߪ soil1 ߣ߫ࠇ㧘0.5mm㨪1.0mm ߦ 40.3%㧘0.25mm㨪0.5mm ߦ 37.0%߇ಽᏓߔࠆ㧘߆ߥ ࠅ☸ᓘߩᄢ߈ߥ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘߅ߘࠄ. ߊߎߩታ㛎ߢߪ࿑ D ߩࠃ߁ߥ᳓ಽ㨯ᴤಽߩಽᏓ ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩᴤಽಽᏓߦߪ᳓ಽಽᏓ ߪ߶ߣࠎߤᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡߥߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߎߩ ࠃ߁ߥ႐ว㧘ᴤ㕙߆ࠄߩోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲ Staow ߩಽ Ꮣߪ࿑ E ߩᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 2 ⋧♽ߩታ㛎ߩᴤಽ㘻ᐲ Soao ߩಽᏓߣ߶߷৻⥌ߔࠆ㧚ᑼ(9)߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆߩߪߎ ߩࠃ߁ߦᴤጀෘߩᄢ߈ߥ᧦ઙਅߢࠆ㧚 . 㧡⚿⺰ ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ߩᄙ⋧ᵹ⸃ᨆࠍታᣉߔࠆ㓙ߩ㊀ⷐߥ ജࡄࡔ࠲ߣߥࠆ᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧ᜬ․ᕈߦ㑐. 332.
(16) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. ߔࠆ⚻㛎ᑼࠍᬌ⸽ߔࠆߚߦ㧘ⓨ᳇ߦࠃߞߡ᳓ 㕙㨯ᴤ㕙⟎ࠍᓮน⢻ߥട᧼ⵝ⟎ߣ⥄ὼᐔⴧ⁁ ᘒࠍౣߔࠆᩇᴺⵝ⟎ࠍ⹜ߒ㧘ฦ⋧ᜬ․ᕈታ 㛎ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚৻ㅪߩታ㛎⊛⎇ⓥߢᓧࠄࠇߚ⍮ࠍ⚿ ⺰ߣߒߡએਅߦ߹ߣࠆ㧚 1)ਇ㘻ߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇ߩㆇേࠍ⸥ㅀߔࠆ. Ⴚფ‛ℂቇΥ, ⅣႺ㗴߳ߩფ‛ℂቇߩᔕ↪, ㄘᨋ ⛔⸘දળ, pp.212-213, 2001. 2) Waddill, D.W. and Parker, J.C. : Recovery of light,nonaqueous phase liquid from porous media-laboratory experiments and model validation, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol.27, pp.127-155, 1997. 3) Zhou, D. and Blunt, M.J. : Effect of spreading on the distribution of light non-aqueous phase liquid in the subsurface, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol.25, pp.1-19, 1997.. 㓙ߦ㧘ᓥ᧪߆ࠄ↪ࠄࠇࠆ⚻㛎ᑼ(8)ߣ(9)㧘. S waow (how ). S wow (how ) (8). 4) ࡉ࠺ࠖࡦࡈࡦ, ⮮㇌, ⡡ : ᄙሹᇦߩᲫ ▤᳓Ꮺߦ߅ߌࠆ㕖ṁ⸃ᕈᶧ㧔DNAPL㧕ߩേ, ਅ. S taow (hao ). S oao (hao ) . (9). ߪ㧘ᴤጀෘ߇⭯ߊߥߞߚߣ߈ߦߪหᤨߦᚑ┙ߒߥ 㗴ὐ߇ࠆߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ㧚 2)ട᧼ᴺߦࠃࠆታ㛎⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ᴤጀෘߩ߶ߣࠎߤ ή᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇3⋧♽᳓ಽ㘻ᐲߩಽᏓᦛ✢ߣ᳓ ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߪㄭ୯ߣߥࠅ㧘ᑼ(8)ߩᅷᒰᕈ ߇㜞ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᑼ(9)ߪᴤጀෘ߇᳓ ಽᲫ▤Ꮺߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߥߊߥࠆ߶ߤᄢ߈ߣ ߈ߦߩߺᚑ┙ߔࠆน⢻ᕈ߇ᄢߢࠆߎߣ߽ᜰ៰ߒ ߚ㧚 3)ᩇᴺߦࠃࠆታ㛎⚿ᨐࠃࠅ㧘᳓㨯ᴤ㨯ⓨ᳇ 3 ⋧♽᳓ ಽ㘻ᐲߩಽᏓᦛ✢ߣ᳓ಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢߇ㄭߊߥ ࠅ㧘ᑼ(8)ߩା㗬ᕈ߇㜞ߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘 ోᶧ⋧㘻ᐲߩಽᏓᦛ✢ߣᴤಽᜬ․ᕈᦛ✢ߪᄢ ߈ߊ⇣ߥࠅ㧘ᑼ(9)ߩା㗬ᕈ߇ૐߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚 4)ᴤᳪᨴ⋚ߦᑼ(9)ࠍㆡ↪ߔࠆߣ㧘⋚ౝߩᴤߩಽ Ꮣ▸࿐ߣ㊂ࠍㆊዊ⹏ଔߔࠆߎߣߦߥࠅ㧘ᳪᨴ▸࿐ ߣᴤಽ㊂ࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㓙ߦෂ㒾ߩ੍᷹⚿ᨐߦߥࠆ ߎߣࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ㧚 5)ᧄ⎇ⓥߩታ㛎ࠃࠅ㧘ᢙ cm ࠝ࠳ߩ⭯ᴤጀෘ ߢߪ㧘ᑼ(9)ߪᑼ(24)ߩࠃ߁ߦୃᱜߔߴ߈ߎߣ߇ ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߚ㧚 S taow (hao ) ! S oao (hao ) (24). ⻢ㄉ㧦ߎߩ⎇ⓥߩታ㛎ߦߪାᎺᄢቇᎿቇㇱ␠ળ㐿⊒ Ꮏቇ⑼ዊ⎇ⓥቶߩ⼾↰ን᥍ᛛቭ㋈ᧁବ↢᳁ ဝጊᐽੑ᳁ߩᄙᄢߥࠆߏදജࠍߚߛ߈߹ߒߚ㧚ߎ ߎߦ⸥ߒߡᗵ⻢ߩᗧࠍߒ߹ߔ㧚 ߥ߅㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߪᐔᚑ12㨯13ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌㧔ᅑബ ⎇ⓥA㧕߅ࠃ߮㧘ᐔᚑ14㨯15ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌㧔ၮ⋚ ⎇ⓥC㧕ߦࠃࠅታᣉߐࠇߚ߽ߩߢࠆ㧚 ෳ⠨ᢥ₂ 1) ࠳࠾ࠛ࡞ࡅ࡞⪺, ጤ↰ㅴ‐, ౝ᎑ༀᐔⴡ ⋙⸶ : Ⅳ. ᳓ቇળ, ╙ 40 Ꮞ, ╙ 2 ภ, pp.203-224, 1998. 5) Scheidegger, A.E. : The physics of flow through porous media, University of Toronto Press, 1974. 6) Lenhard, R.J. and Parker, J.C. : Experimental validation of the theory of extending two-phase saturation-pressure relations to three-fluid phase systems for monotonic drainage paths, Water Resources Research, Vol.24, No.3, pp.373-380, 1988. 7) Leverett, M.C. : Capillary behavior in porous solids, Transactions of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers, Vol.142, pp.152169, 1941. 8) van Genuchten, M.T. : A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soils. Soil Science Society of America J., Vol.44, pp.892-898, 1980. 9) ਅ㓷ೣ, ⡨, ᧃጟᔀ, 㐳⮮ືᄦ, ᐔ↰ஜᱜ : ⋚ਛ ߦ߅ߌࠆើ⊒ᕈᯏൻว‛ߩᶐㅘ߅ࠃ߮ࠟࠬᢔ⽎, ᧁቇળ⺰ᢥ㓸, No.631/Υ-48, pp.25-32, 1999. 10) ਅ㓷ೣ : ᄙ⋧ᵹߩ⋚ౝߩ⒖ᵹಽᢔ⽎ߩ⸃ᨆ, ⒖ ᵹ ಽ ᢔ ⸃ ᨆ 㐷 13, ߣ ၮ ␆ , Vol.51, No.8, Ser. No.547㧘pp.51-54, 2003. 11) ⍹৻⧷, ฎᏒᔀ, ↰ਛାᄈ : ․ᕈߩ⇣ߥࠆ㔍᳓ṁᕈ ᯏൻว‛ේᶧߩ㋦⋥ᶐㅘേߦ㑐ߔࠆታ㛎⊛⠨ኤ, ਅ᳓ቇળ, ╙40Ꮞ, ╙2ภ, pp.105-120, 1998. 12) ⋚Ꮏቇળ✬ : ფ㨯ਅ᳓ᳪᨴߩ⺞ᩏ㨯੍᷹㨯ኻ╷, ⋚Ꮏቇ㨯ታോࠪ࠭15, pp.89-95, 2002. 13) Schroth, M.H., Istok, J.D., Selker, J.S., Oostrom, M. and White, M.D. : Multifluid flow in bedded porous media㧙 laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, Advances in Water Resources, Vol.22, No.2, pp.169-183, 1998. 14) UTChem-9.0 : Reservoir Engineering Research Program Center for Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, University of Texas, 2000. 15) Lenhard, R.J.and Parker, J.C. :A model for hysteretic constitutive relations governing multiphase flow, 2. Permeability-saturation relations, Water Resources Research, Vol.23, No.12, pp.2197-2206, 1987. 16) ᯅ⑲ⴕ, ፒᖗผ, ᧖ᶆጪ : ᴤጀෘߩᓇ㗀ߦ⌕⋡ߒߚ ᳓ᴤⓨ᳇3⋧♽ᜬ․ᕈ, ᧁቇળਛㇱᡰㇱ⎇ⓥ ⊒ળ⻠Ṷⷐ㓸, pp. 299-300, 2003㧚 17)⍹৻⧷, ฎᏒᔀ : ‛ℂ․ᕈߩ⇣ߥࠆNAPLߩേࠍࠪ ࡒࡘ࠻ߔࠆ৻ᰴర3⋧ᵹࠇࡕ࠺࡞ߩᬌ⸛, ਅ᳓ ቇળ, ╙46Ꮞ, ╙1ภ, pp.3-22, 2004. ฃઃ . 333.
(17) 土木学会論文集Ｃ Vol.62 No.2, 320-334, 2006. 4. STUDY ON WATER-NAPL-AIR THREE-PHASE CAPILLARY PRESSURESATURATION RELATIONSHIPS OF SAND BASED ON THE PRESSURE-PLATE AND THE GRAVITY DRAINAGE COLUMN EXPERIMENTS Hideyuki TANAHASHI, Takeshi SATO and Junichi KONISHI The pressure-plate and the gravity drainage column experiments were conducted to confirm the efficiency of the empirical equations explaining the Water-NAPL-Air three-phase capillary pressuresaturation relationships. The pressure-plate experiments showed that water saturation is identical to the water retention characteristics under air-water two-phase condition. On the other hands, the gravity drainage column experiments showed that total liquid saturation distribution under three-phase condition was not agreed with the oil retention characteristics under air-oil two-phase condition, when oil thickness was thin.. 334.
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