Salvia divinorumの識別方法に関する研究

Title

Salvia divinorumの識別方法に関する研究( 本文(Fulltext) )

Author(s)

髙井, 理恵

Report No.(Doctoral

Degree)

博士(農学) 甲第634号

Issue Date

2014-09-24

Type

博士論文

Version

ETD

URL

http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12099/50391

※この資料の著作権は、各資料の著者・学協会・出版社等に帰属します。







Salvia divinorum

䛾㆑ู᪉ἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲

䠎䠌䠍䠐ᖺ

ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㐃ྜ㎰Ꮫ◊✲⛉

⏕≀㈨※⛉Ꮫ

䠄ᒱ㻌 㜧㻌 ኱㻌 Ꮫ䠅

㧘㻌 ஭㻌 ⌮㻌 ᜨ

1

Salvia divinorum

䛾㆑ู᪉ἲ䛻㛵䛩䜛◊✲

2 ┠ ┠ḟ

ᗎ❶

3 㡫



➨㸯❶

SNPs ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᗁぬᛶࢧࣝࣅ࢔㸦Salvia divinorum㸧

ࡢุู᪉ἲࡢ㛤Ⓨ             

    25 㡫

➨㸰❶  ⴥ⥳య

DNA ࡢ TrnL-TrnF spacer 㡿ᇦࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ

ࢧࣝࣅ࢔ᒓࡢ㆑ู   35 㡫

⥲ྜ⪃ᐹ                        

51 㡫

⤖ㄽ

56 㡫

ㅰ㎡                         

57 㡫

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩                

  58 㡫

3 ᗎ ᗎ❶ 㻌 ⌧௦♫఍䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈≢⨥䛿᫬௦䜔ሙᡤ䛻䜘䛳䛶Ⰽ䜢ኚ䛘䛺䛜䜙ᖖ䛻ᶓ⾜䛧䠈ᝏ㉁䞉ᕦጁ໬䠈 ᗈᇦ໬ཬ䜃䝇䝢䞊䝗໬䛿⤯䛘䜛䛣䛸䛺䛟䠈≢⨥⪅䛾⤌⧊໬䠈ᅜ㝿໬䛚䜘䜃༏ྡ໬䜒㐍䜣䛰䠊䛭 䛧䛶䠈௒䜒䛺䛚䠈≢⨥ᤚᰝ䜢ྲྀ䜚ᕳ䛟≧ἣ䛿䛒䜙䜖䜛㠃䛻䛚䛔䛶ኚ໬䛧⥆䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊ᖹᡂ 8 ᖺ 䛛䜙 7 ᖺ㐃⥆䛷ᡓᚋ᭱ከ䛾グ㘓䜢᭦᪂䛧⥆䛡䛯ฮἲ≢ㄆ▱௳ᩘ䛿䠈14 ᖺ䜢䝢䞊䜽䛻ῶᑡ䜢 ⥆䛡䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈㖠ჾ䜢౑⏝䛧䛯ปᝏ஦௳䜔⾤㢌䛻䛚䛡䜛↓ᕪูẅയ஦௳䛜⥆Ⓨ䛩䜛䛺䛹䠈 ≢⨥᝟ໃ䛿౫↛䛸䛧䛶ண᩿䜢チ䛥䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯䠈ᆅᇦ♫఍䛾⬤ᙅ໬䛸ே㛫㛵ಀ䛾ᕼⷧ໬䛿䛂ே 䛛䜙䛾ᤚᰝ䛃䜢ᅔ㞴䛻䠈⤒῭䛾䜾䝻䞊䝞䝹໬➼䛻䜘䜛≀ὶ䛾άⓎ໬䛿䛂≀䛛䜙䛾ᤚᰝ䛃䜢ᅔ㞴 䛻䛧䠈ᦠᖏ㟁ヰ䛸䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛾ᬑཬ䛿⏕ά䛻኱䛝䛺฼౽䜢୚䛘䜛୍᪉䛷≢⨥䛾 ᗋ䛸䛺䜛 䛺䛹䠈♫఍ᵓ㐀䛾ኚ໬䛻క䛖ᤚᰝ⎔ቃ䛾ኚ໬䜒ⴭ䛧䛔䠊䛣䛖䛧䛯୰䠈㆙ᐹ䛾ᤚᰝ䛿➨୍⥺䛾ᤚ ᰝဨ➼䛜ᆅ㐨䛺άື䜢✚䜏㔜䛽䠈ᤚᰝຊ䜢ᙉ໬䛧䠈⦓ᐦ䛛䛴㐺ṇ䛻ᤚᰝ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻ኚ㠉䜢 ⥆䛡䛺䛜䜙≢ே䜢᳨ᣲ䛧䠈ಶே䛾⏕࿨䠈㌟య䛚䜘䜃㈈⏘䜢ಖㆤ䛧䠈බඹ䛾Ᏻ඲䛸⛛ᗎ䜢⥔ᣢ 䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖㆙ᐹ䛾㈐ົ䜢㐙⾜䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊 䛥䜙䛻䠈༏ྡᛶ䛾㧗䛔≢⨥䛾ฟ⌧䜔⿢ุဨไᗘ䛾ᑟධ䛻䜘䜚䠈ᚑ᮶䛻䜒ቑ䛧䛶ᐈほⓗドᣐ 䛾཰㞟䛜ᚲせ䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸㆙ᐹ䛷䛿⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䜢ά⏝䛧䛯≢⨥ᤚᰝ䜢ᙉ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊 㻌 ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䛾ᛴ㏿䛺Ⓨᒎ䠈᝟ሗ໬♫఍䛾ⴭ䛧䛔㐍ᒎ➼䛿䠈≢⨥䛾㉁䞉㔞䛾୧㠃䛻኱䛝䛺ᙳ㡪 䜢୚䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᝟ໃ䛾ኚ໬䛻ⓗ☜䛻ᑐฎ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䠈ᤚᰝ䛻䛚䛡䜛⛉Ꮫ䛾ά⏝䜢 ᥎㐍䛧䠈≢⨥ᤚᰝ䜢㧗ᗘ໬䛧䛶䛔䛟䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ୙ྍḞ䛷䛒䜚䠈㆙ᐹ䛷䛿䛣䜜䜎䛷᭱ඛ➃䛾⛉Ꮫ ᢏ⾡䜢㚷㆑ᢏ⾡䜈ᑟධ䛩䜛䛺䛹䠈⛉Ꮫᤚᰝຊ䛾ᙉ໬䜢ᅗ䛳䛶䛝䛯䠊 㻌 ᭱᪂䛾⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡䜢㥑౑䛧䛯ᤚᰝ䛜ᮃ䜎䜜䜛୰䠈㆙ᐹ䛷䛿䠈DNA ᆺ᳨ᰝἲ䜢ᑟධ䛧≢ே≉ ᐃ䛻኱䛝䛟㈉⊩䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊 㻌 䛛䛴䛶䛿䠈ಶே㆑ูἲ䛾⛉Ꮫⓗᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䛿 ABO ᘧ⾑ᾮᆺ䜢୺䛸䛩䜛⾑ᾮᆺ䠈⾑Ύᆺ➼ 䛻䜘䜛㚷ᐃ䛜୺ὶ䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈1985 ᖺ䠈䜰䝺䝑䜽䞉䝆䜵䝣䝸䞊䝈䛻䜘䜛䠠䠪䠝䝣䜱䞁䜺䞊䝥䝸 䞁䝔䜱䞁䜾ἲ䛜Ⓨ⾲䛥䜜䛶௨㝆䠈ᛴ㏿䛻DNA ᆺ㚷ᐃ䛿Ⓨᒎ䛧䛶䛝䛯䠊᪥ᮏ䛾㆙ᐹ䛷䛿䠈⛉Ꮫ

4 ㆙ᐹ◊✲ᡤ䛜䛣䛾Ⓨ⾲௨㝆䠈◊✲䛻╔ᡭ䛧䠈ᖹᡂඖᖺ䛻䛿ᐇ⏝໬䛜ጞ䜎䜚䠈ྛ㒔㐨ᗓ┴䛾⛉ Ꮫᤚᰝ◊✲ᡤ䛻䜒DNA ᆺ㚷ᐃ䛜ᑟධ䛥䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊 䛥䜙䛻䠈ᖹᡂ15 ᖺ 8 ᭶䛛䜙ᑟධ䛧䛯䠈9 ᗙ఩䛾 STR ᆺ䛚䜘䜃ᛶู䛻㛵䛩䜛䜰䝯䝻䝀䝙䞁ᗙ ఩䛾ᆺ䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛STR ᆺ᳨ᰝἲ䛷䛿䠈᪥ᮏே䛷᭱䜒ฟ⌧㢖ᗘ䛜㧗䛔 DNA ᆺ䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫 䛾ሙྜ䛷⣙1100 ୓ே䛻 1 ே䛸䛔䛖☜⋡䛷ಶே㆑ู䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊18 ᖺ 11 ᭶䛻 䛿᪂䛯䛻6 ᗙ఩䜢㏣ຍ䛧䛶 15 ᗙ఩䛾 STR ᆺ䛸䜰䝯䝻䝀䝙䞁ᗙ఩䛾ᆺ䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛 STR ᆺ᳨ ᰝἲ䜢ᑟධ䛧䠈⌧ᅾ᪥ᮏே䛷᭱䜒ฟ⌧㢖ᗘ䛜㧗䛔DNA ᆺ䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛾ሙྜ䛷⣙ 4 ඙ 7 ༓൨ே䛻1 ே䛸䛔䛖☜⋡䛷ಶே㆑ู䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈㑇␃㈨ᩱ DNA ᆺ᝟ ሗ᳨⣴䝅䝇䝔䝮䜢ᑟධ䛧䠈㎿㏿䛺≢⨥ᤚᰝ䜔෌≢㜵Ṇ䛻ᙺ❧䛶䛶䛔䛟䝕䞊䝍䝧䞊䝇䜒ᵓ⠏䛥 䜜䛯䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈21 ᖺ 5 ᭶䛻⿢ุဨไᗘ䛜ᑟධ䛥䜜䠈⛉Ꮫᤚᰝ䛻䜘䜛ᐈほⓗ❧ド䛿⿢ุဨ䛾ⓗ ☜䛺ᚰドᙧᡂ䛻䜒኱䛝䛟㈨䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䠈௒ᚋ䜒⛉Ꮫᤚᰝຊ䛾ᙉ໬䜢᥎㐍䛧䛶䛔䛟ᚲせ 䛜䛒䜛䠊 㻌 䛸䛣䜝䛷䠈⌧௦䛾ᵝ䚻䛺≢⨥䛾୰䛻䠈ぬ䛫䛔๣➼䛾⸆≀஦᱌䛜䛒䜛䠊ୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵䠄WHO䠅 䛻䜘䜜䜀䠈⸆≀䛾஘⏝䛸䛿䠈䛂་Ꮫⓗ䛺ᖖ㆑䜢ᨾព䛻㐓⬺䛧䛯⏝㏵䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿⏝ἲ䛻䜘䜚⸆≀ 䜢ከ㔞䛻ᦤྲྀ䛩䜛⾜Ⅽ䛃䛸䛒䜛䠊ᙜ↛䠈་ᖌ䛾ฎ᪉䛾ୗ䛷἞⒪⸆䛸䛧䛶౑⏝䛩䜛ሙྜ䛿ఱ䜙ၥ 㢟䛿䛺䛔䛜䠈∝ᛌឤ䠈ከᖾឤ䠈ᗁぬ䛺䛹䜢ồ䜑䛶䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿㍍⋡䛺ዲወᚰ䛷୍ᗘ䛷䜒౑⏝䛩 䜜䜀஘⏝䛻ᙜ䛯䜛䠊 㻌 ⸆≀஘⏝䛿䠈஘⏝⪅⮬㌟䛾⢭⚄䠈㌟య䜢䜐䛧䜀䜐䜀䛛䜚䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈ᗁぬ䠈ዶ᝿➼䛻䜘䜚䠈஘ ⏝⪅䛜ẅே䠈ᨺⅆ➼䛾ปᝏ䛺஦௳䜔㔜኱䛺஺㏻஦ᨾ➼䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛䜋䛛䠈⸆≀䛾 ᐦ኎䛜ᭀຊᅋ➼䛾≢⨥⤌⧊䛾㈨㔠※䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈⸆≀஘⏝䛿♫఍䛾Ᏻ඲䜢⬣䛛䛩 㔜኱≢⨥䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䛣䛻䠈㏆ᖺ䛾⸆≀஦᱌䛾᳨ᣲேဨ䛾᥎⛣䜢䜾䝷䝣䛻♧䛧䛯䠄Fig1䠉1䡚4䠅䠊 ぬ䛫䛔๣ྲྀ⥾ἲ㐪཯䛾᳨ᣲேဨ䛿⸆≀஦≢඲య䛾䠕๭㏆䛟䛷䛒䜚䠈᳨ᣲேဨ䛸䛧䛶䛿ᶓ㏺䛔 䜒䛧䛟䛿ῶᑡഴྥ䛻䛿䛒䜛䛜䠈౫↛䛸䛧䛶ཝ䛧䛔≧ἣ䛻䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈෌≢⪅䛾༨䜑䜛๭ྜ䛜㧗 䛔䛣䛸䛜ఛ䛘䠈䛣䛾௚䛻䜒ᭀຊᅋᵓᡂဨ➼䛜ከ䛟༨䜑䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛜䜟䛛䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈኱㯞஦

5 ≢䛾᳨ᣲேဨ䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈ῶᑡഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䜒䛾䛾౫↛䛸䛧䛶㧗Ỉ‽䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈ぬ䛫䛔๣஦≢ 䛸䛿␗䛺䜚䠈ึ≢⪅䜔20 ṓ௨ୗ䛾ⱝᖺᒙ䛾༨䜑䜛๭ྜ䛜㧗䛔䛣䛸䛜ᣲ䛢䜙䜜䜛䠊 㻌 䛥䜙䛻䠈㏆ᖺ䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䠈ぬ䛫䛔๣䞉኱㯞䛻໬Ꮫᵓ㐀䜢ఝ䛫䛶స䜙䜜 䛯≀㉁䛺䛹䛜ῧຍ䛥䜜䛯⸆≀䛜ὶ㏻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿ྜἲ䝝䞊䝤䜔䛚㤶䛺䛹䛸⛠䛧䛶ᗑ⯒䞉 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖➼䛷බ↛䛸㈍኎䛥䜜䠈ⱝ⪅䜢୰ᚰ䛻஘⏝䛜䜏䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ྜἲ䛺䛹䛸䛔䛖ゝⴥ䛷 Ẽ㍍䛻౑⏝ฟ᮶䛶䛧䜎䛖䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈㯞⸆➼䛾஘⏝䜈䛾ධ㛛⸆䛸䛺䜛ᜍ䜜䛜䛒䜚䠈䜎䛯䠈䛭䛾ᚋ䛾 ೺ᗣ⿕ᐖ䛾Ⓨ⏕䜒ᠱᛕ䛥䜜䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾౑⏝⪅䛜㛵୚䛧䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾䛒 䜛஦᱌䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊Ṛஸ஦᱌䛷䛿䠈⏨ᛶ䛜㊰ୖ䛷ᭀ䜜䛶ಖㆤ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛱Ṛஸ䛧䠈䛭䛾㝿 䛻䛔䜟䜖䜛⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛸䜏䜙䜜䜛ᾮయ䜢ᡤᣢ䛧䛶䛔䛯஦᱌䠈㒊ᒇ䛷ᭀ䜜䛯⏨䛜Ṛஸ䠈㒊ᒇ䛛 䜙஝⇱䛧䛯᳜≀∦䛜Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛯஦᱌䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䜢྾ᘬ䛧䛯ዪᛶ䛜ព㆑䜢ኻ䛳䛯ᚋ Ṛஸ䛧䛯஦᱌䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻஺㏻஦ᨾ஦᱌䛸䛧䛶䛿䠈䛔䜟䜖䜛⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䜢྾ᘬ䛧䛶 ㌴䜢㐠㌿䛧䛯⏨䛜ၟᗑ⾤䜢ᭀ㉮䛧ዪᛶ䜢䜂䛝㏨䛢䛧䛯஦᱌䠈ྠ䛨䛟྾ᘬ䛧䛶㌴䜢㐠㌿䛧䛯⏨ 䛜㧗ᰯ⏕䜢䛿䛽䛶Ṛஸ䛥䛫䛯஦᱌䛜Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻ᚰ㌟䛻␗ᖖ䜢᮶䛧䛶ᩆᛴᦙ㏦䛥䜜 䛯䜚䠈୙ᑂ⾜ື䜢䛚䛣䛧䛯䜚䛩䜛஦᱌䛜┦ḟ䛔䛷Ⓨ⏕䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊㆙ᐹ䛷䛿䠈౑⏝⪅䜢༴㝤㐠㌿ ⮴യ⨥➼䛻䜘䜚᳨ᣲ䛩䜛䛸䛸䜒䛻⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾㈍኎ᴗ⪅䛻ᑐ䛩䜛ᣦᑟ䞉㆙࿌䠈ᝏ㉁䛺㈍኎ᴗ ⪅䛾⸆஦ἲ㐪཯䛻䜘䜛᳨ᣲ➼䛻ດ䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䚸᪂䛧䛔⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛜ḟ䚻䛻ฟ⌧䛧䛶䛔 䜛䛣䛸䜢㋃䜎䛘䠈25 ᖺ 2 ᭶䛻䛿䚸㯞⸆䜔ᣦᐃ⸆≀䛻໬Ꮫᵓ㐀䛜㢮ఝ䛩䜛≉ᐃ䛾≀㉁⩌䛜⸆ ஦ἲ䛻䛚䛡䜛ᣦᐃ⸆≀䛸䛧䛶ໟᣓⓗ䛻ᣦᐃ䛥䜜䠈ᡤᣢ䠈౑⏝䠈㉎ධ䠈ㆡ䜚ཷ䛡䜒ྵ䜑つไᑐ㇟ 䛸䛺䛳䛯䠊䛣䜜䛻䜘䜚䠈ᖹᡂ24 ᖺ 4 ᭶䛾᫬Ⅼ䛷ᣦᐃ⸆≀䛿䠒䠔≀㉁䛷䛒䛳䛯䛾䛜䠈ᖹᡂ䠎䠑ᖺ䠕 ᭶䛻䛿䠔䠔䠍≀㉁䛻䛺䛳䛯䠊 㻌 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⸆≀஦᱌䛾᳨ᣲ䛻㝿䛧䠈஦᱌䛻ᑐᛂ䛩䜛⸆≀㚷ᐃ䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊⌧ᅾ㆙ᐹ䛷⾜䛳 䛶䛔䜛⸆≀஦᱌䛻ᑐ䛩䜛㚷ᐃ䛿䠈䜺䝇䜽䝻䝬䝖䜾䝷䝣䜱䞊䜔ᾮయ䜽䝻䝬䝖䜾䝷䝣䜱䞊䠈㉥እ྾཰ 䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹➼䛾ᶵჾศᯒ䛷≀㉁䜢≉ᐃ䛧䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻᳨ᣲ䛻⮳䜛䠊ぬ䛫䛔๣䛿䠈ᡃ 䛜ᅜ䛷䛿䜰䞁䝣䜵䝍䝭䞁䠈䝯䝍䞁䝣䜵䝍䝭䞁䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䛾䠎✀㢮䛿䛸䜒䛻໬Ꮫྜᡂ≀㉁䛷

6 Fig1-1䠊⸆≀஦≢䛾ᖺḟ᥎⛣ 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000 H16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 ぬࡏ࠸๣஦≢ ኱㯞஦≢ 㯞ྥἲ஦≢

7 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 ᳨ᣲேဨ 11655 11993 11852 11577 10909 ࠺ࡕึ≢⪅ᩘ 4890 4879 4814 4461 4010 50ṓ௨ୖ 1630 1776 1893 2079 2206 40㹼49ṓ 3080 3290 3473 3533 3430 30㹼39ṓ 4308 4324 4115 3884 3619 20㹼29ṓ 2380 2375 2188 1933 1530 20ṓᮍ‶ 257 228 183 148 ₁₂₄ Fig1-2䠊ぬ䛫䛔๣ἲ㐪཯⪅ᩘ䛾ᖺ㱋ูᖺḟ᥎⛣ 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 50ṓ௨ୖ 40㹼49ṓ 30㹼39ṓ 20㹼29ṓ 20ṓᮍ‶

8 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 ᳨ᣲேဨ 2920 2216 1648 1603 1555 ࠺ࡕึ≢⪅ᩘ 2475 1803 1323 1292 1208 50ṓ௨ୖ 87 87 67 71 67 40㹼49ṓ 237 201 185 207 218 30㹼39ṓ 805 578 510 544 574 20㹼29ṓ 1580 1186 805 715 637 20ṓᮍ‶ 211 164 81 66 ₅₉ Fig1-3䠊኱㯞ྲྀ⥾䜚ἲ㐪཯⪅ᩘ䛾ᖺ㱋ูᖺḟ᥎⛣ 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 50ṓ௨ୖ 40㹼49ṓ 30㹼39ṓ 20㹼29ṓ 20ṓᮍ‶

9 ᳨ᣲேဨ H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 ⸆஦ἲ 9 9 6 57 37 㯞ྥἲ 0 1 0 26 89 ஺㏻㛵ಀἲ௧㐪཯ 0 0 0 19 40 ࡑࡢ௚ 2 0 0 10 10 ྜィ 11 10 6 112 ₁₇₆ Fig1-4䠊⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛻䛚䛡䜛᳨ᣲ஦᱌ูᖺḟ᥎⛣ 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 ⸆஦ἲ 㯞ྥἲ ஺㏻㛵ಀἲ௧㐪཯ ࡑࡢ௚ ྜィ

10 䛒䜚䚸ኳ↛䛻䛿Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊୍᪉䛷኱㯞䛿䜰䝃⛉䛾᳜≀䛷䠈ኳ↛䛻Ꮡᅾ䛧䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛷䛒 䜛䠊኱㯞ྲྀ⥾ἲ䛷䛔䛖኱㯞䛸䛿䠈᳜≀䛸䛧䛶䛾኱㯞ⲡ䛚䜘䜃䛭䛾〇ရ䜢ព࿡䛧䠈ᕸ䞉䝻䞊䝥➼ 䛻฼⏝䛥䜜䜛ⱼ⓶䛾⧄⥔䛺䜙䜃䛻ᑠ㫽䛾㣫ᩱ䛸䛧䛶฼⏝䛥䜜䜛✀Ꮚ䛿つไ䛾ᑐ㇟እ䛷䛒䜛䠊 䛣䛾኱㯞䛻ྵ᭷䛥䜜䜛䜹䞁䝘䝡䝜䜲䝗䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚኱㯞䛾ྠᐃ䜢⾜䛔᳨ᣲ䛻⮳䜛䛾䛷 䛒䜛䛜䠈䛧䜀䛧䜀䠈኱㯞ⲡ䛾᱂ᇵ┠ⓗ䛻኱㯞✀Ꮚ䜢ᡤᣢ䛧䛶䛔䜛஦᱌䛜䛒䜛䠊✀Ꮚ䛿䜹䞁䝘䝡 䝜䜲䝗䜢ྵ᭷䛧䛶䛚䜙䛪䠈つไ䛾ᑐ㇟እ䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈᫂䜙䛛䛺᱂ᇵ┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛ሙྜ䛿⨩䛫䜙䜜䜛䠊 䛧䛛䛧䠈䛣䛾✀Ꮚ䛜኱㯞䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢㚷ᐃ䛩䜛䛻䛿䠈ᐇ㝿䛻Ⓨⱆ䛥䛫᱂ᇵ䛧䛶䛛䜙䛾᳨ฟ䞉ྠᐃ䛸 䛔䛖ᕤ⛬䜢㋃䜎䛺䛟䛶䛿䛺䜙䛺䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䛭䜜䛿↹㞧䛺ᕤ⛬䛸᫬㛫䛜ᚲせ䛷䛒䜚䠈䛭䜜䜢㎿㏿䛻 䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛸䛧䛶䠈䜎䛯䠈ᚤ㔞኱㯞➼䛾㚷ᐃ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒⪃៖䜒ྵ䜑䠈኱㯞ⲡ䛾 DNA ゎᯒ䛻䜘䜛 ྠᐃ䞉᥎ᐃ䜢⾜䛖᳨ᰝ䛾◊✲䛜⾜䜟䜜䛶䛝䛶䛔䜛䠄ᐊ䜙䠈2010䠅䠊 䜎䛯䠈ேయ䛻೺ᗣ⿕ᐖ䜢ཬ䜌䛩ྍ⬟ᛶ䛾䛒䜛㯞⸆ᡂศ䛺䛹䜢ྵ䜐᳜≀䛿䠈䜿䝅䛚䜘䜃䜰䝒 䝭䝀䝅䛜䛒䜈䜣ἲ䛻䜘䜚䠈䝝䜹䝬䜸䝙䝀䝅䠈䝁䜹䠈䝆䝱䝽䝁䜹䠈ᗁぬᡂศ䜢ྵ᭷䛩䜛䜻䝜䝁䠄䛔䜟 䜖䜛䝬䝆䝑䜽䝬䝑䝅䝳䝹䞊䝮䠅䛜㯞⸆ཬ䜃ྥ⢭⚄⸆ྲྀ⥾ἲ䛻䜘䜚䛭䜜䛮䜜つไ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣 䜜䜙䛿つไ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔ྠ䛨௰㛫䛾᳜≀䛸እほ䛜䜘䛟ఝ䛶䛔䜛ሙྜ䛜ከ䛔䛯䜑䠈ṇ䛧䛟ぢศ䛡 䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊 㻌 䛥䜙䛻䠈䛛䛴䛶⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛸䛧䛶ὶ㏻䛧䛶䛔䛯䠈⸆஦ἲ䛷ᣦᐃ⸆≀䛸䛧䛶つไ䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䛻䛺 䛳䛯ᗁぬᛶ᳜≀䝃䝹䝡䜰䞉䝕䜱䝡䝜䝹䝮䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䛜䛒䜛䠊

㻌

Salvia divinorum䛿

䝅䝋⛉䛾ከᖺⲡ䛷䛒䜚䠈ཎ⏘ᆅ䛿䝯䜻䝅䝁ྜ⾗ᅜ䜸䜰䝝䜹ᕞ䝅䜶䝷䝬䝃䝔䝁䛷䛒䜚䠈ᶆ㧗300䡉

䛛䜙 1800䡉䛾ᒣᓙ䜔䛭䛾௚䛾‵₶䛺⠊ᅖ䛸䛔䛳䛯䠈䛤䛟㝈䜙䜜䛯ᆅᇦ䛷䛧䛛⏕⫱䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔

䠄Valdés, Leander J. et al., 1983

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䠊ⲡ୔䛿䠍䡉௨ୖ䛻㐩䛧䠈ⴥ䛿ඛ➃䛜䛸䛜䛳䛯༸ᆺ䛷㗬

ṑ䛜䛒䜚䠈ⴥ㛗䛿 15cm 䛻㐩䛩䜛䠊୰✵䛷ゅᆺ䛾ⱼ䜢䜒䛱䠈ⰼ䛿⣸Ⰽ䛾ⴟ䜢క䛳䛯ⓑⰍ䛾 S

Ꮠ≧䠈ᙧែ䛿⥲≧ⰼᗎ䛷䛒䜛䠄Marushia R., 2003䠅䠊

㻌 ⰼ䛾ᙧែ䜔ᐜ㔞䠈ⰼ⻤䛾ᡂศ䛛䜙䠈䝝䝏䝗䝸䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯㫽፹ⰼ䛷䛒䜛䛸᥎ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈 㔝⏕䛷䛿୍౛䛾䜏䛜ほᐹ䛥䜜䜛䛻䛸䛹䜎䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯Salvia divinorum䛿෭ᾴ䛷‵₶䛛䛴

11 ᪥㝜䛾ሙᡤ䛷⏕⫱䛩䜛䛜䠈ⰼⱆᙧᡂ䛿᪥ග䛻䜘䛳䛶ಁ㐍䛥䜜䜛䠊ⰼⱆᙧᡂ᫬ᮇ䜒10 ᭶䛛䜙 5 ᭶䛾㛫䛷䛒䜜䜀䛔䛴䛷䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈ⰼⱆᙧᡂ䛿ᩓⓎⓗ䛻㉳䛣䜛䠊㛤ⰼ᫬ᮇ䛜䛭䜝䜟䛪䠈 㛤ⰼሙᡤ䜒䛭䜝䜟䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈⌧ᅾ䛷䛿ཷ⢊䛻䜘䜛⦾Ṫ䛿௜㝶ⓗ䛺䛔䛧䛿⑞㊧ⓗ䛺䜒䛾䛷䛒 䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 ᐊෆ䛷䛾ேᕤཷ⢊ᐇ㦂䛷䛿⮬ᐙཷ⢊䛷 3 䠂䠈௚ᐙཷ⢊䛷䜒 28䠂⛬ ᗘ䛾ᑠሀᯝᙧᡂ⋡䛧䛛䛺䛔䛣䛸䜒䛣䛾᥎ 䜢⿬௜䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯ⰼ⢊䜒5 ๭⛬ᗘ䛧䛛ཷ⢭⬟ຊ

䜢ᣢ䛯䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Valdés III, L.J. et al., 1987

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䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑Salvia divinorum 䛿䛚䜒䛻໦໨ⱆ䛻䜘䛳䛶⦾Ṫ䜢⾜䛔䠈⮬↛≧ែ䛷䛾✀䛾ᙧᡂ䛿☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊

㻌 Salvia divinorum䛿1939 ᖺ䛻䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛾䝅䝱䞊䝬䝙䝈䝮䛻䛴䛔䛶◊✲䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䛯ே

㢮Ꮫ⪅ Roberto Weitlaner 䛻䜘䛳䛶ึ䜑䛶すḢ䛾グ㘓䛻Ⓩሙ䛧䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧グ㘓⮬య䛿

Salvia divinorum 䛾ᗁぬస⏝䜢⏝䛔䛯᐀ᩍⓗഃ㠃䜢グ㘓䛧䛯䜒䛾䛷䛒䜚䠈ලయⓗ䛻᳜≀䛜 ྠᐃ䛥䜜䛯䛾䛿1962 ᖺ䠈Gordon Wasson ཬ䜃 Albert Hoffman 䛻䜘䜛グ㘓䛷䛒䜛䠊 㻌 䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛿䝯䜻䝅䝁ྜ⾗ᅜ䜸䜰䝝䜹ᕞ໭ᮾ㒊䛾ᒣᓅᆅᖏཬ䜃㧗ཎᆅᖏ䜢ᣐⅬ䛸䛩䜛ᑡᩘ Ẹ᪘䛷䛒䜛䠊䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘♫఍䛻䛚䛔䛶Salvia divinorum䛿㔜せ䛺᐀ᩍⓗᆅ఩䜢༨䜑䛶䛔䜛䠊 ⌧ᆅྡ䛷Salvia divinorum䛿䇿ska Maria䇿䛺䛔䛧䛿䇿ska Pastora䇿䛸࿧䜀䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈⪷ẕ䝬

䝸䜰䛾໬㌟䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᐀ᩍⓗഃ㠃䛛䜙ⱥㄒᅪ䛷䛿䇾Sage of the Seers䇿(ணゝ⪅䛾䝉䞊䝆)䜔䇾Diviners䇻 Sage䇿(༨䛔ᖌ䛾䝉䞊䝆)䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䠄Ott, J., 1996

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䠊 䜎䛯䠈㠀ᖖ䛻⚄⪷ど䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛯䜑䠈䛭䛾᱂ᇵሙᡤ䛿⛎༏䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈㏆௦䛻⮳䜛䜎䛷すḢ䛾 グ㘓䛻㍕䜙䛺䛛䛳䛯⌮⏤䛾୍䛴䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙Salvia divinorum䛾㉳※䛻䛴䛔 䛶䛿᫂䜙䛛䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䝇䝨䜲䞁ே䛻䜘䜛ᚁ᭹௨๓䛛䜙䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛜⌧ᆅ䛻ᒃఫ䛧䛶䛔䛯䛣䛸䛿 ☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䠈Salvia divinorum䛜䛭䜜௨๓䛛䜙⮬⏕䛧䛶䛔䛯䛾䛛䠈䛒䜛䛔䛿ேⅭⓗ䛻 ஺㓄䛥䜜䛯䜒䛾䛺䛾䛷䛒䜛䛛䛿ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䠊䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙ఏ⤫ⓗ䛻Salvia divinorum䛾 ౑⏝䜢⾜䛳䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛾䜏䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛺䛔䛧䛿⁛ஸ䛧䛯䜰䝇䝔䜹᪘䛜 䛭䛾㉳※䛻῝䛟䛛䛛䜟䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸᥎ 䛥䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯๓㏙䛧䛯㏻䜚䠈Salvia divinorum䛿ཷ⢊䛻 䜘䜛᱂ᇵ䛜㞴䛧䛔䛯䜑䠈䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛿ᰴศ䛡䛻䜘䛳䛶Salvia divinorum䜢᱂ᇵ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈䝬䝃

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䝔䝁᪘䛜䜒䛴Salvia divinorum䛿䛩䜉䛶䜽䝻䞊䞁ಶయ䛷䛒䜛(Valdes III, L.J.et al., 1983)䠊 䜎䛯㔝⏕䛸䛥䜜䜛Salvia divinorum 䜒䛩䜉䛶䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛾ᪧᒃఫᆅ㏆䛟䛛䜙Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈Salvia divinorum䛜᱂ᇵ✀䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖௬ㄝ䜒ᥦၐ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊

㻌 䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛻䛚䛡䜛Salvia divinorum䛾฼⏝䛿་⒪┠ⓗ䛸᐀ᩍⓗ┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛜䛭䛾༊ู 䛿䛒䛔䜎䛔䛷䛒䜛䠊౛䛘䜀Salvia divinorum䛾ⴥ䜢5 ᯛ䜋䛹ᡭ䛺䛔䛧䛿▼⮻䛷้䜏䚸Ỉ䛻ᾐ 䛧䛯䜒䛾䜢⤒ཱྀᦤྲྀ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷㢌③䛾ゎᾘ䜔䠈䝸䝳䜴䝬䝏⑕≧䛾⦆࿴䜢⾜䛖୓⬟⸆䛸䛧䛶฼⏝ 䛩䜛䠄Valdés III, L.J. et al., 1987䠅䠊୍᪉䛷ᩛᑐ䛩䜛࿚⾡ᖌ䛜䛄⭡䛻▼䜢ワ䜑㎸䜐䛅࿚䛔䜢 䛛䛡䛶䛝䛯ሙྜ䛾ᑐᢠᡭẁ䛸䛧䛶䠈⪷ẕ䝬䝸䜰䛾໬㌟䛷䛒䜛Salvia divinorum 䜢ᦤྲྀ䛩䜛䛣 䛸䛷䛄⭡䛻ワ䜑㎸䜎䜜䛯▼䜢ྲྀ䜚㝖䛟䛅䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛸䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯Salvia divinorum 䛾ⴥ 50 ᯛศ䜢⑓ே䛻ᦤྲྀ䛥䛫䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ᗁぬ⑕≧䜢ច㉳䛧䛭䛾⑓Ẽ䛾ཎᅉ䛻䛴䛔䛶ᝈ⪅⮬ ㌟䛻ㄒ䜙䛫䜛䛺䛔䛧䛿䠈࿚䛔䜢䛛䛡䛶䛔䜛ᩛ䛻䛴䛔䛶ㄒ䜙䛫䜛䛸䛔䛖᪉ἲ䜒䛸䜙䜜䜛䠄Valdes III, L.J, 2001䠅䠊 㻌 䜎䛯䚸Salvia divinorum 䛿䝅䝱䞊䝬䞁䛾᐀ᩍⓗカ⦎䛾ධ㛛䛸䛧䛶฼⏝䛥䜜䜛䛣䛸䜒䛒䜛䠊䝬 䝃䝔䝁᪘䛾䝅䝱䞊䝬䞁䛿2 ᖺ௨ୖ䛻ཬ䜆᐀ᩍⓗカ⦎䜢⾜䛖䛜䠈䛄ኳᅜ䛾㢼ᬒ䜢ぢ䜛䛅䛯䜑䛻ᗁ

ぬᛶ䛾᳜≀䜢⏝䛔䜛䠊Salvia divinorum 䜔ᗁぬᛶ䝬䝑䝅䝳䝹䞊䝮䠈ᗁぬᛶ䜰䝃䜺䜸(Rivea corymbosa (L.), Hallier, f.)䛾✀䛺䛹䛜⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䛜䚸䛣䛾䛖䛱᭱䜒ຠᯝ䛜㍍䛔 Salvia divinorum 䛜᭱ึ䛾カ⦎䛻⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺カ⦎䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛷䠈⪷ẕ䝬䝸䜰䜔䛭䛾௚䛾 ⪷ே䛾▱ᜨ䜢ᤵ䛛䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊

㻌 Salvia divinorum䛻䛿salvinorin B - I salvidivin A - D salvinicin A - B divinatorin A-E 䛺䛹䛾ᵝ䚻䛺ᡂศ䛜ྵ䜎䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸ᗁぬ⑕≧䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䛾䛿 salvinorin A 䛾䜏䛷䛒䜛䠄Cunningham CW, et al., 2011䠅䠊 salvinorin A 䛿 Salvia divinorum䛾஝⇱ⴥ䛻0.89-3.70㻌 mg/g 䠄Gruber JW, et al., 1999䠅ྵ᭷䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛 䛧䛺䛜䜙salvinorin A 䛾ྵ᭷㔞䛿䛯䛸䛘㑇ఏⓗ䛻ྠ୍䛾᳜≀య䛷䛒䛳䛶䜒㠀ᖖ䛻ᖜ䛜ᗈ䛔䠊 ᐇ㝿䚸Salvia divinorum䛾஝⇱ⴥ䛻3.2-5.0㻌 mg/g ྵ᭷䠄Tsujikawa K, et al., 2008㸧䜔䠈

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Fig1-6 Salvia divinorum 䛾ⰼ

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7.6-7.2㻌 mg/g ྵ᭷䠄Medana C, et al., 2006䠅䛸䛔䛳䛯ሗ࿌䜒䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯 Wolowich 䜙䛜ᕷሙ䛻ฟᅇ䛳䛶䛔䜛Salvia divinorum䛾⃰⦰≀䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈5-20 ಸ⃰⦰䛸䛥䜜䜛 䜒䛾䛷0.126㻌 -㻌 0.951㻌 mg/g 䛷䛒䛳䛯䛜䠄Wolowich WR, et al., 2006㸧䠈2-25 ಸ⃰⦰䛸䛥 䜜䜛䜒䛾䛷䛿4.1-38.9㻌 mg/g 䠄Tsujikawa K, et al., 2008䠅䛸䛔䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䜒ฟ䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛾䛯 䜑ⴥ䛾㔞䜔䚸⃰⦰ಸ⋡䛺䛹䛛䜙ᐇ㝿䛾ᦤྲྀ㔞䜢᥎ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䠊

㻌 salvinorin A 䛿ேయෆ䛷㑅ᢥⓗ䛻䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛻⤖ྜ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷ᗁぬస⏝䜢Ⓨ᥹ 䛩䜛䛜䠈Salvia divinorum䛾ᡂศ䛾䛖䛱䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺స⏝䜢ᣢ䛴䜒䛾䛿salvinorin A 䛾䜏䛷䛒 䜛䠊䜎䛯 salvinorin A 䛿᪤▱䛾໬ྜ≀䛾୰䛷၏୍䛾㠀ྵ❅⣲䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䜰䝂䝙䝇 䝖䛷䛒䜛䠊salvinorin A 䛻᪤▱䛾᳜≀ᛶᗁぬ๣䛸䛾ᵓ㐀㢮ఝᛶ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䛺䛔䜒䛾䛾䚸ྜᡂ䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䜰䝂䝙䝇䝖䛷䛒䜛䜶䝘䝗䝸䞁䛸ᵓ㐀㢮ఝᛶ䜢᭷䛩䜛䠄Roth BL, et al., 2002䠅䠊 㻌 salvinorin A 䛿䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛸䛿㧗䛔ぶ࿴ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䜒䛾䛾䠈䛭䛾௚䛾ཷᐜయ䠈䜲䜸 䞁䝏䝱䞁䝛䝹䛺䛹䛸䛾ぶ࿴ᛶ䛿↓ど䛷䛝䜛⛬ᗘ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛣䜜䛿 LSD 䜔䝆䝯䝏䝹䝖䝸䝥䝍䝭䞁䠈䝅 䝻䝅䝡䞁䠈䝯䝇䜹䝸䞁䛸䛔䛳䛯௚䛾᳜≀ᛶᗁぬ๣䛜䃛-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䠈䃓-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䠈 䝅䜾䝬ཷᐜయ䠈䜾䝹䝍䝭䞁㓟ཷᐜయ䛸䛔䛳䛯ཷᐜయ䜢䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖䛸䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛸ᑐ↷ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊 㻌 䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙salvinorin A 䛿䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛸䛾⤖ྜ䛾䜏䛷䛭䛾ᗁぬస⏝䜢♧䛩䜟䛡 䛷䛿䛺䛔ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜♧၀䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᨺᑕᛶⅣ⣲䜢ᑟධ䛧䛯[11C] salvinorin A 䜢䝠䝠䛻ᢞ୚䛧䠈 PET 䜢⏝䛔䛶䜲䝯䞊䝆໬䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛾㠀㑅ᢥⓗ㜼ᐖ๣䛷䛒䜛䝘䝻䜻䝋䞁䜢 ᢞ୚䛧䛶䜒⬻ෆ䛾[11C] salvinorin A ศᕸ䛻ᕪ䛜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛯䠄Hooker JM, et al., 2008䠅䠊䜎䛯 salvinorin A 䛿䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛜㇏ᐩ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛୰⬻⅊㉁䛸䛔䛳䛯㒊఩䛰

䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛜䜋䛸䜣䛹Ꮡᅾ䛧䛺䛔どᗋୗ㒊䛸䛔䛳䛯㒊఩䛾䜾䝹䝁䞊䝇௦

ㅰάᛶ䜢ୖ䛢䜛䛣䛸䜒ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Hooker JM, et al., 2009䠅䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑 salvinorin A 䛿䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛸䛾┤᥋ⓗ䛺┦஫స⏝䛰䛡䛷䛿䛺䛟䠈䛭䛾࿘㎶⤌⧊䛸䜒」㞧䛺┦஫స⏝䜢䛧 䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛸᥎ 䛥䜜䜛䠊䜎䛯⌧᫬Ⅼ䛷䛿 salvinorin A 䛜䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ௨እ䛾ศᏊ䝍

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䞊䝀䝑䝖䛸┦஫స⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒ྰᐃ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊

㻌㻌 salvinorin A 䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹⢓⭷྾཰䛥䜜䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑 salvinorin A 4 mg 䜢⯉ୗᢞ୚䛧䛶 䜒䛺䜣䜙䛾ᗁぬᛶ䜒♧䛥䛺䛔䠄Mendelson JE, 2011䠅䠊䛧䛛䛧⵨Ẽ䜢྾ᘬ䛥䛫䜛᪉ἲ䛷 salvinorin A 䜢ᢞ୚䛩䜛䛸య㔜 1kg 䛒䛯䜚 6 䃛䡃䛸䛔䛖ᚤ㔞䛷䜒ᗁぬᛶ䜢♧䛩䠊䜎䛯ᗁぬ䛾ᙉ ᗘ䛿ᢞ୚㔞䛻ẚ౛䛩䜛䛣䛸䜒ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄MacLean KA, et al., 2013

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䠊

㻌 䜎䛯ᦤྲྀ䛥䜜䛯 salvinorin A 䛿㏿䜔䛛䛻⬻䛻㐩䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜▱䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᨺᑕᛶⅣ⣲䜢ᑟ ධ䛧䛯[11C] salvinorin A 䛻䜘䜛⬻ PET 䜲䝯䞊䝆䞁䜾䛷䛿䠈䝠䝠䛻ᦤྲྀᚋ 40 ⛊䛷[11C] salvinorin A 䛾㞟✚䛿᭱኱䛸䛺䜚䠈䛭䛾㔞䛿ᢞ୚㔞䛾 3.3㻌 䠂䛻┦ᙜ䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾㏿ᗘ䛿䛚䛚䜘 䛭䝁䜹䜲䞁䛸ྠ➼䛷䛒䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧⬻䛛䜙䛾ᾘኻ䜒ྠᵝ䛻⣲᪩䛟䠈༙ῶᮇ䛿 8 ศ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛺䛚䠈In vitro ᐇ㦂䛾⤖ᯝ䛛䜙䠈䝠䝖䛷䛿௚䛾⸆≀௦ㅰ䛸ྠᵝ䛻䠈Ỉ㓟໬㓝⣲䝣䜯䝭䝸䞊䛷䛒䜛䝅䝖䜽䝻䝮 P450 䛻䜘䜛䜾䝹䜽䝻䞁㓟ᢪྜ䛜 salvinorin A 䛾௦ㅰ䛻䛛䛛䜟䛳䛶䛔䜛䛸᥎ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 䠄Teksin ZS, et al., 2009䠅䠊

㻌 salvinorin A 䛾໬Ꮫⓗ඲ྜᡂ䛿 2008 ᖺ䠈Nozawa 䜙䛻䜘䛳䛶 Wieland-Miescher 䜿䝖䞁䜢 ฟⓎ≀㉁䛸䛧䛯20 䝇䝔䝑䝥䛾ከẁ㝵ྜᡂ䛻䜘䜚㐩ᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Nozawa M1, et al., 2008䠅䠊 䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙ከẁ㝵䛾ྜᡂ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈⌧᫬Ⅼ䛷䛿Salvia divinorum䛛䜙䛾salvinorin A

⢭〇䛻ẚ䜉䛶⤒῭ⓗ䛻ඃ䜜䛯᪉ἲ䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊䛯䛰䛧䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛸┦஫స⏝䛧䛺䛔㒊

ศ䛻ᐁ⬟ᇶ䜢ᑟධ䛧䠈㞴௦ㅰᛶ䜔⭷㏱㐣ᛶ䜢௜୚䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈⤒ཱྀᦤྲྀ䛷༑ศ䛺ຠᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙

䜜䜛䜘䜚ᡭ㍍䛺 salvinorin A ὴ⏕≀䛜ᕷሙ䛻ฟᅇ䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛿Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䠈ᾘ໬⟶䛾③

䜏䜢ゎᾘ䛩䜛┠ⓗ䛷⤒ཱྀᢞ୚ྍ⬟䛺salvinorin A 䜰䝘䝻䜾(2-O-cinnamoylsalvinorin B) 䛾㛤Ⓨ䛜㐍䜣䛷䛚䜚䠈䝰䝕䝹䝬䜴䝇䛷䛾⸆ຠ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Sałaga M, et al., 2014䠅䠊 㻌 ⌧ᅾ䛾䛸䛣䜝salvinorin A 䛾ᐁ⬟ᇶᑟධ䛻䛿Salvia divinorum䛛䜙⢭〇䛧䛯salvinorin A 䜢⏝䛔䛯䝉䝭ྜᡂ䛜୺ὶ䛷䛒䜛䠊䛭䛧䛶 salvinorin A 䛻ᐁ⬟ᇶ䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷䠈ཷᐜయ䛸 䛾䜰䝣䜱䝙䝔䜱䛜㢧ⴭ䛻ኚ໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Polepally PR1, et al., 2013䠅䠊౛䛘䜀

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18 salvinorin A 䛾 22 ఩䛻䜶䝇䝔䝹䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛(Fig.1-8 䛾 4)䛣䛸䛷䠈㏻ᖖ䛾䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ 䛻ᑐ䛩䜛䜰䝣䜱䝙䝔䜱(Ki = 6.2 㼼 2.2 nM)䜢 3 ಸ⛬ᗘ㧗䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䜛(Ki = 2.0 㼼 0.3 nM)䠊䜎䛯䃛-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䛸䜒䛒䜛⛬ᗘ䛾䜰䝣䜱䝙䝔䜱(Ki = 711㼼134 nM)䜢᭷䛩䜛ᵓ㐀 䜒Ⓨぢ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛿salvinorin A 䛾ຠᯝ䜢ቑ኱䛧䛯䜚䚸䝰䝹䝠䝛䛾䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖ཷᐜయ 䛷䛒䜛䃛-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䜢ྠ᫬䛻่⃭䛩䜛䛣䛸䛷᪂䛯䛺ᗁぬ⑕≧䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛧䛯䜚䛸䛔䛳䛯 䝗䝷䝑䜾䝕䝄䜲䞁䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢♧၀䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䛣䛾ᐁ⬟ᇶᑟධ䛿 salvinorin A 䛾Ỉ 㓟໬䜢㝖䛡䜀䠍䝇䝔䝑䝥䛾ྜᡂ䛷䛒䜚䠈཰⋡䜒ከ䛔䜒䛾䛷䛿 70 䠂㏆䛟䛒䜛䛺䛹⤒῭ⓗ䛻ᘬ䛝 ྜ䛖ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䛣䛸䜒ᣦ᦬䛧䛯䛔䠊 㻌 䜰䜹䝀䝄䝹䜢⏝䛔䛯ື≀ᐇ㦂䛷salvinorin A 䛿║▛ୗᆶ䠈㢦㠃ᘱ⦆䜢ᘬ䛝㉳䛣䛩䛣䛸䛜ุ ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Butelman ER, et al., 2009䠅䠊䜎䛯䝷䝑䝖䛻 salvinorin A 䜢ᢞ୚䛧䛶 5-㑅ᢥ཯ᛂ

᫬㛫ㄢ㢟(䜿䞊䝆䛾๓᪉䛻 5 䛴䛾✰䛜㛤䛔䛶䛚䜚䚸䛭䛾ୖ㒊䛻䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜䝷䜲䝖䛜䛴䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹 ▷᫬㛫(㏻ᖖ 0.5-1 ⛊㛫)䝷䜲䝖䛜䛴䛔䛶䛔䜛䛖䛱䛻ṇ䛧䛔✰䛻䝷䝑䝖䛜㰯ඛ䜢ධ䜜䜛䛸ᚋ᪉䛾⤥ 㣵䜹䝂䛻䜶䝃䛜ධ䜜䜙䜜䜛௙⤌䜏䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䝷䜲䝖䛜▷᫬㛫䛧䛛䛴䛛䛺䛔䛯䜑䚸ᖖ䛻䝷䜲䝖 䜢ぢ䛶䛔䛺䛔䛸ṇゎ䛷䛝䛺䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑ὀពຊ䛾ホ౯䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜛䠊䜎䛯䝷䜲䝖䛜䛴䛔䛶䛔䛺 䛔䛸䛝䛻㰯ඛ䜢ධ䜜䛶䜒䛘䛥䛿ฟ䛺䛔䛯䜑䠈㰯ඛ䜢ධ䜜䛯䛔⾪ື䜢ᢚ䛘䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙 ⾪ືᛶ䜒ホ౯ྍ⬟)䜢⾜䜟䛫䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈䝰䝏䝧䞊䝅䝵䞁䛾పୗ䛜ぢ䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䜒ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛

䠄Nemeth CL, et al., 2010䠅䠊䜎䛯䝷䝑䝖䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈salvinorin A 䛿▷ᮇグ᠈䛻䛿ᙳ㡪䛧䛺䛔 䜒䛾䛾䠈✵㛫グ᠈䠈㛗ᮇグ᠈䠈䜶䝢䝋䞊䝗グ᠈䜢ᦆ䛺䛖䛣䛸䛜ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Braida D, et al., 2011䠅䠊䛭䛾䜋䛛䛻䜒 salvinorin A 䛿ሗ㓘⣔䛾୺䛯䜛䝩䝹䝰䞁䛷䛒䜛⣽⬊እ䝗䞊䝟䝭䞁䝺䝧䝹 䜢ୗ䛢䜛䛣䛸䛜䝷䝑䝖䜢⏝䛔䛯 in vivo ᐇ㦂䛻䛚䛔䛶ุ᫂䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄Carlezon WA Jr, et al., 2006䠅䠊䛭䛧䛶䛣䛾䝗䞊䝟䝭䞁䝺䝧䝹䛾పୗ䛜 salvinorin A ㄏᑟᛶ⚄⤒୙Ᏻ⑕䜢ㄏⓎ䛧䛶䛔 䜛䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Grilli M, et al., 2009䠅䠊

19 䛺ຠᯝ䜢௨ୗ䛻ิグ䛩䜛䠄Zawilska JB1, et al., 2013䠅䠊 ⫯ᐃⓗ(䛺䛔䛧䛿┠ⓗ䛸䛩䜛)ຠᯝ 㻌 䞉䝸䝷䜽䝊䞊䝅䝵䞁䛸Ẽศ䛾ᨵၿ 㻌 䞉ⴠ䛱䛴䛔䛯Ẽศ䛻䛺䜛 㻌 䞉ᙉⅯ䛰䛜▷᫬㛫䛾䝃䜲䜿䝕䝸䝑䜽ឤぬ 㻌 䞉ព㆑䛾ኚᡂ 㻌 䞉ᴟᙬⰍ䛾ගᬒ䛜ぢ䛘䜛 㻌 䞉ᗁ⫈ 㻌 䞉ክ䛾୰䛻䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺ឤぬ 㻌 䞉ᛮ⪃䛾῝໬ 㻌 䞉ศ㞳ឤぬ䛺䛔䛧䛿ಶேㄆ㆑䚸䝸䜰䝸䝔䜱䛾႙ኻ 㻌 䞉ᐁ⬟ᛶཬ䜃⨾ⓗホ౯⬟ຊ䛾ྥୖ 㻌 䞉ᾋ䛔䛶䛔䜛ឤぬ 㻌 䞉ඹឤぬ 㻌 䞉⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤ䛾ྥୖ 㻌 䞉Ὕᐹຊ䛾ྥୖ 㻌 䞉㟋ⓗ䛺య㦂 ྰᐃⓗ(䛺䛔䛧䛿┠ⓗ䛸䛧䛺䛔)ຠᯝ 㻌 䞉యᛶឤぬ䛾႙ኻ 㻌 䞉⤫ྜኻㄪ 㻌 䞉ྲྀ䜚␃䜑䛾䛺䛔ᛮ⪃ 㻌 䞉⢭⚄ⓗ⑂ປឤ䚸⫗యⓗ⑂ປឤ䚸╀Ẽ

20 㻌 䞉䜑䜎䛔 㻌 䞉䜲䝷䜲䝷ឤ䚸୙Ᏻឤ䚸ᜍᛧឤ䚸䝟䝙䝑䜽ឤ 㻌 䞉⚄⤒୙Ᏻ䚸㌟య㐪࿴ឤ 㻌 䞉ᛴᛶ䝟䝷䝜䜲䜰 㻌 䞉⚄⤒㐠ືᛶ䛾⯆ዧ 㻌 䞉୍᫬ⓗ䛺Ⓨヰᅔ㞴 㻌 䞉グ᠈႙ኻ 㻌 䞉㐠ືᅔ㞴 㻌 䞉኱㔞䛾Ⓨờ 㻌 䞉ᐮẼ䜔㫽⫙ 㻌 䞉ྤ䛝Ẽ䚸჎ྤ䚸⭡㒊୙ᛌឤ 䛣䜜䜙䛾స⏝䛿salvinorin A ᦤྲྀᚋ 1 ศ௨ෆ䛻⌧䜜䠈15 ศ⛬ᗘᣢ⥆䛩䜛䠊 䛣䛾䜋䛛䛻䜒䛔䜟䜖䜛ᗃయ㞳⬺䛾ឤぬ䠄Kelly BC. 2011.䠅䠈≉ᐃ䛾᪉ྥ䛻ᢲ䛥䜜䜛ឤぬ䠈య 䛜䛽䛨䜙䜜䛯䜚䠈ఙ䜀䛥䜜䛯䜚䛩䜛ឤぬ䠈䜎䜟䜚䛾㢼ᬒ䛜䝬䞁䜺䛾䜘䛖䛻ぢ䛘䜛ឤぬ䛺䛹䛜ሗ࿌ 䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛧䛛䛧ᚰᢿᩘ䛾ୖ᪼䜔䠈⾑ᅽ䛾ୖ᪼䛿ほᐹ䛥䜜䛺䛔䠊 㻌 䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖ୖ䛻䛿Salvia divinorum䛾༴㝤ᛶ䜢᫂☜䛻♧䛩⛉Ꮫⓗ䝕䞊䝍䛜ᑡ䛺䛔䛣䛸 䜢 ㏫ ᡭ 䛻䛸䛳 䛶 䠈Salvia divinorum 䛾౑ ⏝ 䛿 Ᏻ඲䛷 䛒䜛䛸 ୺ᙇ 䛩䜛 䝃䜲 䝖䜒 Ꮡᅾ 䛩 䜛 䠄Hoover V, et al., 2008䠅䠊䛧䛛䛧ᐇ㝿䛻䛿」ᩘ䛾஦ᨾ౛䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊౛䛸䛧䛶䛿 Salvia divinorum䛸䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘䛾౑⏝Ṕ䛜䛒䜛15 ṓ䛾ᑡᖺ䛜䠈ᛴᛶ䛾䝟䝷䝜䜲䜰⑕≧䠈ᛮ⪃ 㜼ᐖ䠈᪤どឤ䛻䜘䛳䛶⥭ᛴᦙ㏦䛥䜜䠈䛭䛾ᚋ3 ᪥㛫⑕≧䛜⥅⥆䛧䛯౛䠄

Singh S. 2007.

䠅䜔䠈 Salvia divinorum 䛾྾ධ┤ᚋ䛻ᛴᛶ䝟䝷䝜䜲䜰䛻く䜟䜜䛯21 ṓ䛾⏨ᛶ䛜䠈⑓㝔䜈䛾⥭ᛴ ᦙ㏦୰䛻㌴୧䛛䜙㣕䜃㝆䜚䜛䠄Przekop P, et al., 2009䠅䛸䛔䛳䛯౛䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻 Salvia divinorum 䛾៏ᛶẘᛶ䛻䛴䛔䛶䜒ὀព䜢ᡶ䛖ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊ሗ࿌౛䛿ᑡ䛺䛔䜒䛾䛾୍ ᪥䛒䛯䜚Salvia divinorum䛾䝍䝞䝁䜢3䡚5 ᮏ䠈4 䞄᭶⛬ᗘ㐃⏝䛧䛯 51 ṓ䛾ⓑேዪᛶ䛜䠈ᾘ

21 ໬⟶䛾୙ᛌឤ䛛䜙჎ྤ䠈ୗ⑩䜢ッ䛘䛯䛸䛔䛖ሗ࿌䜒䛒䜛䠄Travis CR, et al., 2012䠅䠊 㻌 䜎䛯୍⯡ⓗ䛻䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䜰䝂䝙䝇䝖⣔䛾⸆≀䛿౫Ꮡᛶ䛜ప䛔䜒䛾䛾䠈salvinorin A 䛿⫯ᐃⓗຠᯝ䛜ᦤྲྀ㔞䛸ẚ౛䛩䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䛶䠈ྰᐃⓗຠᯝ䛜ᦤྲྀ㔞䛸䛒䜎䜚ẚ౛䛧䛺䛔䛸䛔䛖 ≉ᚩ䛛䜙䠈฼⏝⪅䛿ᦤྲྀ㔞䜢ቑ኱䛥䛫䛜䛱䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖ᣦ᦬䜒䛺䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 㻌 Salvia divinorum 䛾஘⏝䛿ඛ㐍ㅖᅜ䛷㢧ⴭ䛷䛒䜛䠊䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䇿䝬䝆䝑䜽䝭 䞁䝖䇿䠈䇿䝺䝕䜱䞉䝃䝸䞊䇿䠈䇿䝃䝸䞊D䇿䛸䛔䛳䛯䝇䝖䝸䞊䝖䝛䞊䝮䛷࿧䜀䜜䛶䛚䜚䠈䇿Purple Sticky䇿 䛸䛔䛖䝤䝷䞁䝗䜎䛷☜❧䛧䛶䛔䜛䠄

Lange JE, et al., 2008

䠅䠊Ford 䜙䛾ሗ࿌䠄Ford JA, et al., 2011䠅䛻䜘䜜䜀䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛻䛚䛡䜛 Salvia divinorum 䛾౑⏝ᒚṔ䜢䜒䛴ேཱྀ๭ྜ䛿䠈 12-17 ṓ䛾ᑡᖺ㞟ᅋ䛷 1.66 %䠈18-34 ṓ䛾㟷ᖺ㞟ᅋ䛷 5.08 %䛻㐩䛩䜛䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾್ 䛿䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶㏆ᖺୖ᪼ഴྥ䛻䛒䜚䠈166,453 ே䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛧䛯ᅜໃㄪᰝ䛷䠈䛭䜜䜎 䛷䛾ே⏕䛷୍ᗘ䛷䜒Salvia divinorum䛾౑⏝䜢⾜䛳䛯๭ྜ䛿2006 ᖺ 0.7 % 䛰䛳䛯䜒䛾䛜 2008 ᖺ䛻䛿 1.3 %䛻ୖ᪼䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䠄Wu L-T, et al., 2011䠅䜹䝘䝎䛷䜒ྠᵝ䛻 12-17 ṓ䛾ᑡ ᖺ42,179 ே䜢ㄪᰝ䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈3.8 %䛜┤㏆ 1 ᖺ㛫䛷Salvia divinorum 䜢౑⏝䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈 6.3%䛜䛭䜜䜎䛷䛾ே⏕䛾୰䛷୍ᗘ䛿౑⏝䛧䛯䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖⤖ᯝ䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Currie CL. 2013

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䠊䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟ㅖᅜ䛷䜒Salvia divinorum䛾⶝ᘏ䛿῝้䛷䛒䜛䠊2008 ᖺ䡚2010 ᖺ䛻䛛䛡䛶䝶䞊䝻䝑䝟7 䜹ᅜ䛷 2 ᖺ㛫䛻䜟䛯䜚䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖ୖ⾜䜟䜜䛯ㄪᰝ䛷䛿䠈30 ရ┠䛾

䝺䜽䝸䜶䞊䝅䝵䝘䝹䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾䛺䛛䛷᭱䜒ேẼ䛾䝗䝷䝑䜾䛜Salvia divinorum䛷䛒䛳䛯䠄Deluca P, Davey Z, et al., 2012䠅䠊ྠᵝ䛻ⱥᅜ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒Salvia divinorum䛿ྜἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾ᕷሙ䛻 䛚䛔䛶୍␒ேẼ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠄Schmidt MM, et al., 2011䠅䠊 㻌 Salvia divinorum 䛾ᦤྲྀ᪉ἲ䛿Ỉ䝟䜲䝥䜢⏝䛔䛯⵨Ẽ䛾྾ධ䛜୺䛷䛒䜚䠈䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘྾ᘬ 䛸ྠᵝ䛷䛒䜛䠊୍ᅇ䛾ᖹᆒ౑⏝㔞䛿ⴥ0.25 g - 0.75 g 䛷䛒䜚䠈䛣䜜䜢ᖹᆒ 24 ⛊㛫䛛䛡䛶྾ධ 䛩䜛䠊䜘䜚㛗䛔ຠᯝ䜢ᚓ䜛䛯䜑䛻䠈ཱྀ䛾୰䛷ⴥ䜢ჶ䜐ᦤྲྀ᪉ἲ䜒䛒䜛䛜䛒䜎䜚୍⯡ⓗ䛷䛿䛺 䛔䠊 㻌 Salvia divinorum 䛾౑⏝⪅䛿䜰䝹䝁䞊䝹䠈䝍䝞䝁䠈䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘䠈LSD䠈䝦䝻䜲䞁䠈䝁䜹䜲䞁䛺

22

䛹䜢Ⴔዲ䛩䜛ഴྥ䛻䛒䜛䠄Nyi PP, et al., 2010䠅䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑Salvia divinorum䛾౑⏝⪅䛿௚ 䛾䝗䝷䝑䜾䜒ే⏝䛧䛶䛔䜛☜⋡䛜㧗䛔䠄Perron BE, et al., 2012䠅䠊ᐇ㝿䛾≢⨥ᤚᰝ䛷䛿 Salvia divinorum 䛾᦬Ⓨ䛜௚䛾䝝䞊䝗䝗䝷䝑䜾᦬Ⓨ䛻䜒㈉⊩䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊 䛥䜙䛻 Salvia divinorum 䛾౑⏝⪅䛿㐪ἲ⸆≀䜢㈍኎䛧䛯䜚䠈✼┐䜢⾜䛖䛸䛔䛳䛯䝸䝇䜽䝔䜲䜽 ⾜Ⅽ䜢⾜䛖⪅䛾୰䛻ከ䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈἞Ᏻ⥔ᣢ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䜒Salvia divinorum䛾᦬Ⓨ䛜ᮃ䜎䜜 䜛䠊 㻌 䜎䛯Salvia divinorum䛾⶝ᘏ䛸䛧䛶ὀ┠䛩䜉䛝䛿䠈䛭䛾౑⏝┠ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䠊ព㆑ኚᛶ䜢య㦂 䛧䛯䛔䠈༢⣧䛻ᴦ䛧䜏䛯䛔䛸䛔䛳䛯౑⏝⌮⏤䛾䜋䛛䛻䝇䝢䝸䝏䝳䜰䝸䝈䝮䛾ᐇ㊶䛾䛯䜑䠈⮬ᕫ ⌮ゎ䛾䛯䜑䠈㟋ⓗయ㦂䜢䛧䛯䛔䠈⢭⚄ୡ⏺䛾ၥ㢟䜢ゎỴ䛧䛯䛔䛸䛔䛳䛯⌮⏤䛜౑⏝⪅䛛䜙䛿 ⪺䛛䜜䜛䠄_{Sumnall HR, et al., 2012䠅䠊Salvia divinorum}䛾㉳※䛜䜰䝬䝌䞁䛾ᑡᩘẸ᪘䛷 䛒䜚䠈䝅䝱䞊䝬䝙䝈䝮䛸䛾䛴䛺䛜䜚䜒ᙉ䛔ኳ↛䝝䞊䝤䛸䛔䛖䛣䛸䛛䜙Salvia divinorum䛾䝇䝢䝸 䝏䝳䜰䝸䝈䝮䛸䛾ぶ࿴ᛶ䛿㧗䛔䠊䛭䛾䛯䜑䚸䜰䝯䝸䜹ྜ⾗ᅜ䛾䝠䝑䝢䞊ᩥ໬䛸䝬䝸䝣䜯䝘䛾㛵ಀ䛾 䜘䛖䛻䠈᪥ᮏ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒䝇䝢䝸䝏䝳䜰䝸䝈䝮䛾㝯┒䛸䛸䜒䛻Salvia divinorum䛾౑⏝䛜䛥䜙䛻⇿ Ⓨⓗ䛻ቑຍ䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䛻219 ே䛾Salvia divinorum౑⏝⪅䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䜲 䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖ㄪᰝ䜢⾜䛖䛸䠈21 ṓ௨ୗ䛷䛿༢⣧䛺ዲወᚰ䛜౑⏝⌮⏤䛾 1 ␒䛻ᣲ䛜䜛䛾䛻ᑐ䛧 䛶䠈22 ṓ௨ୖ䛷䛿䝇䝢䝸䝏䝳䜰䝹䛺ຠᯝ䜢≺䛳䛯䛸䛔䛖䛾䛜౑⏝⌮⏤䛾 1 ␒䛷䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䝇䝢䝸 䝏䝳䜰䝹䛺ຠᯝ䜢≺䛖౑⏝⪅䜋䛹䠈⧞䜚㏉䛧 Salvia divinorum 䛾౑⏝䜢⾜䛖䛸䛔䛳䛯ഴྥ䜒 ぢ㏨䛩䜉䛝䛷䛿䛺䛔䠊 㻌 ⌧ ẁ 㝵 䛷 䛾 ᕷ ㈍ 䝗 䝷 䝑 䜾 〇 ရ 䛛 䜙 䛾 㚷 ᐃ ᪉ ἲ 䛿 䠈TLC ἲ䠈 HPLC-PDA ἲ䛚 䜘 䜃 HPLC-MS ἲ䛜ሗ࿌䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾᳨ᰝ䛻䛿ᗄ䛴䛛䛾ᡭ㡰䜢㋃䜐ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈 ໬Ꮫ⣔⸆≀䛸␗䛺䜚䠈᳜≀ᡂศ䛾᳨ᰝ䛿ዃ㞧≀䛜ከ䛔䛾䛷䠈䛣䜜䜙䜢㝖䛟๓ฎ⌮䜢⾜䜟䛺䛔䛸 ṇ䛧䛔⤖ᯝ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛺䛔䠊䜎䛯ྠ᫬䛻䠈㝧ᛶ䛛㝜ᛶ䛛䛒䜛䛔䛿ᨃ㝧ᛶ䛛䛾ุ᩿䛺䛧䛻䜔䜏䛟 䜒䛻ᶵჾศᯒ⿦⨨䛻䛛䛡䜛䛸䠈᳜≀䛻ྵ䜎䜜䜛ዃ㞧≀䛻䜘䜚▷᫬㛫䛷 HPLC 䜹䝷䝮䠈GC 䜹䝷 䝮䛒䜛䛔䛿MS 䜲䜸䞁※䜢ở䛧䠈ᶵჾ䛾ຎ໬䜢ᣍ䛟䛣䛸䛻䛺䜛䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈GC-MS 䝇䝨䜽䝖䝹䛻䛚

23 䛔䛶䠈ྵ᭷㔞䛜ప䛔ሙྜ䠈ᶆ‽ရ䛜䛺䛔䛸䛭䛾☜ㄆ䛿㞴䛧䛟䛺䜛䠊 㻌 Salvia divinorum 䛾౑⏝䛿䝬䝃䝔䝁᪘䛾ఏ⤫䛸⤖䜃䛴䛔䛶䛚䜚䠈䛭䛾Ṕྐ䛿㛗䛔䛸䛔䛘䜛䠊 䜎䛯ぬ䛫䛔๣䜔䝁䜹䜲䞁䛸ẚ㍑䛧䛶౫Ꮡᛶ䛜ప䛟䚸䝸䝷䜽䝊䞊䝅䝵䞁స⏝䜔㐠ືᶵ⬟䛾ᢚไ䛸 䛔䛳䛯స⏝䜢䜒䛴䛔䜟䜖䜛䝎䜴䝘䞊⣔䛾䝗䝷䝑䜾䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䛭䛾₯ᅾⓗ༴㝤ᗘ䛿ప䛔䛸䛾ᣦ᦬ 䜒䛒䜚䛖䜛䛰䜝䛖䚹 㻌 䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙Salvia divinorum䛾౑⏝䛿ඛ㐍ㅖᅜ䛷䛿ጞ䜎䛳䛯䜀䛛䜚䛷䛒䜚䚸௚䛾䝝䞊䝗䝗 䝷䝑䜾䛾౑⏝䛸䜒ᐦ᥋䛻⤖䜃䛴䛔䛶䛔䜛䚹䜎䛯䝸䝷䜽䝊䞊䝅䝵䞁స⏝䛸䛿ู䛾๪స⏝䛸䛧䛶䚸ᛴ ᛶ䛾䝟䝷䝜䜲䜰⑕≧䜢࿊䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜚䚸⑓㝔ᦙ㏦୰䛾㌴୧䛛䜙㣕䜃㝆䜚䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯㔜኱䛺஦ ᨾ䜒㉳䛝䛶䛔䜛䚹⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䜢᭹⏝䛧䚸㌴䜢㐠㌿䛩䜛䛸䛔䛳䛯᫖௒䛾≧ἣ䜢䛛䜣䛜䜏䜛䛻 Salvia divinorum 䛾౑⏝䛿䛔䛥䛥䛛䜒Ᏻ඲䛸䛿䛔䛘䛺䛔䚹䜎䛯⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾≉ᚩ䛸䛧䛶䚸」 ᩘ䛾⸆≀䜢ΰྜ䛧䛶౑⏝䛩䜛䛸䛔䛖䜒䛾䛜䛒䜛䚹Salvia divinorum 䛜௚䛾⸆≀䛸ే⏝䛥䜜䛯 ሙྜ䛾ຠᯝ䛻䛴䛔䛶䛿䜋䛸䜣䛹ศ䛛䛳䛶䛚䜙䛪䚸༴㝤ᛶ䛾ホ౯䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䚹

㻌 䜎䛯Salvia divinorum䛾ᗁぬᡂศ䛷䛒䜛salvinorin A 䛿᪤▱䛾໬ྜ≀䛾୰䛷၏୍䛾㠀

ྵ❅⣲䃙-䜸䝢䜸䜲䝗ཷᐜయ䜰䝂䝙䝇䝖䛷䛒䜛䛸䛔䛖㢧ⴭ䛺≉ᚩ䜢ᣢ䛳䛶䛔䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑௒ᚋ䚸

䛔䜟䜖䜛䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾ᇶᮏ㦵᱁䛸䛧䛶฼⏝䛥䜜䛖䜛䚹᪥ᮏ䛾⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾ᕷሙ䛻䛚䛔䛶䚸 ᐁ⬟ᇶ䛾ኚ᭦䛻䜘䜛つไ㏨䜜䛿ᖖែ໬䛧䛶䛚䜚䚸᪂䛯䛺ᇶᮏ㦵᱁䛾ฟ⌧䛻䜘䛳䛶䛭䛾≧ἣ䛜 ຍ㏿䛩䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䜒㧗䛔䚹salvinorin A 䛿䛩䛷䛻඲ྜᡂ䛜㐩ᡂ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䛜䚸ྜᡂ䝇䝔䝑䝥䛜 ከẁ䛻䜟䛯䜚཰⋡䛜ᝏ䛔䛣䛸䚸salvinorin A 䛿Salvia divinorum䛾୰䛻ẚ㍑ⓗከ㔞䛻ྵ䜎 䜜䜛䛣䛸䜢⪃䛘䜛䛸䚸䝕䝄䜲䝘䞊䝗䝷䝑䜾䜢⤒῭ⓗ䛻ྜᡂ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䛿䚸ᢳฟ䛧䛯salvinorin A 䛾ᐁ⬟ᇶ䜢ಖㆤ䛧䚸≉ᐃ䛾ᐁ⬟ᇶ䜢ᑟධ䛩䜛䝉䝭ྜᡂ䛾ᡭἲ䛜⏝䛔䜙䜜䜛ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜㧗䛔䚹䛣 䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䜒ฟⓎ≀㉁䛾ཎᩱ䛸䛺䜛Salvia divinorum䛾᳨ฟ䜢ᐜ᫆䛻䛧䚸᦬Ⓨ䜢⾜䛔䜔䛩䛟 䛩䜛ᡭἲ䛾☜❧䛜ᮃ䜎䜜䜛䚹䛸䛣䜝䛷䠈Salvia ᒓ᳜≀䛿䠈୰༡⡿䜔ᆅ୰ᾏἢᓊ䠈ᮾ䜰䝆䜰ᆅ ᇦ䜢୰ᚰ䛻⣙䠕䠌䠌✀㢮௨ୖ䛜ศᕸ䛧䠈䛭䛾ⰼ䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ከ䛟䛾ᙧែ䜔Ⰽ䜢䜒䛴䛣䛸䛛䜙ほ㈹⏝ 䛸䛧䛶ከ䛟䛾ရ✀䛜ὶ㏻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊䜎䛯䠈䝉䞊䝆䛸࿧䜀䜜䜛䜘䛖䛺⸆⏝䛻฼⏝䛥䜜䜛ရ✀䜒䛒䜛䠊

24

䛣䛾䜘䛖䛻Salviaᒓ䛜ከ䛟䛾✀䜢᭷䛩䜛୰䛷䠈Salvia divinorum䛜ὶ㏻䛧䛶䛔䜛ရ✀䛻ΰᅾ 䛧䛶䛔䛺䛔䛣䛸䛾☜ㄆ䜔䠈Salvia divinorum䛸୍⯡䛻኎䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛺ほ㈹⏝䛾䝃䝹䝡䜰䜢 㛫㐪䛘䛶つไ䛧䛶䛧䜎䜟䛺䛔䜘䛖䠈Salvia divinorum䜢༊ู䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛾◊✲䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䠊 㻌 䛧䛛䛧䛺䛜䜙Salvia divinorum䛾つไ䛻䛿ᅔ㞴䛜ண᝿䛥䜜䜛䚹Salvia divinorum䛾ⴥ䛿 ኱㯞䛾䜘䛖䛺≉ᚩⓗ䛺እほ䜢᭷䛧䛶䛚䜙䛪䚸ᙧែᏛⓗ䛺㆑ู䛜ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜛䚹஝⇱䛥䛫䛶้䜣 䛰ⴥ䛸䛺䜛䛸䛭䛾ุู䛿䛥䜙䛻㣕㌍ⓗ䛻ᅔ㞴䛸䛺䜛䚹䛥䜙䛻䚸໬Ꮫ⣔⸆≀䛻䛿䛺䛔᳜≀ᡂศ⏤ ᮶䛾⸆≀䛾䝕䝯䝸䝑䝖䜢ᨵၿ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛻䜒䠈Salvia divinorum䛾ᙧែ䚸஝⇱≧ែ䚸㒊఩䛻䛛䛛 䜟䜙䛪ุู䛜⾜䛘䜛DNA 䜢⏝䛔䛶䛾ุูᡭἲ䛾☜❧䛜ᛴົ䛷䛒䜛䚹᦬Ⓨ䛾ほⅬ䛛䜙䛿ᖾ䛔 䛺䛣䛸䛻䚸Salvia divinorum 䛾ཷ⢊䛻䜘䜛⦾Ṫ䛿㠀ᖖ䛻ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜚䚸᱂ᇵ䛿䜒䛳䜁䜙ᰴศ䛡 䛻䜘䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑ᕷሙ䛻ฟᅇ䛳䛶䛔䜛 _{Salvia divinorum} 䛿஦ᐇୖ䜽䝻䞊䞁ಶయ䛷䛒䜚䚸䛭䛾 㑇ఏᏊ䛿䜋䜌ᆒ୍䛷䛒䜛䛸᥎ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䚹䛭䛾䛯䜑 DNA 䜢⏝䛔䛶䛾ุูᡭἲ䛜䚸Salvia divinorum 䛾஺㓄䛻䜘䜛㑇ఏᏊᗙ䛾ኚ␗䛻䜘䜚ᛴ㏿䛻㝞⭉໬䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿⪃䛘䛻䛟䛔䚹䜎䛯 DNA ᆺゎᯒᡭἲ䛿ἲ⛉Ꮫศ㔝䛷㛗ᖺ䛾౑⏝ᐇ⦼䛜䛒䜛ᡭἲ䛷䛒䜚䚸ᐇ㝿䛾㐠⏝᪉ἲ䜒☜ ❧䛧䛶䛔䜛䚹

㻌 ௨ୖ䛾䛣䛸䛛䜙Salvia divinorum 䛾DNA 䛻䜘䜛ุᐃ᪉ἲ䛾☜❧䛜ᛴົ䛷䛒䜛䛸ุ᩿䛧䚸 ◊✲䜢⾜䛳䛯䚹

25 ➨1 ❶

SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䜢⏝䛔䛯ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䛾ุู᪉ἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ

䠍䠊⥴ゝ ㏆ᖺ䠈⸆≀䜢ᐜ᫆䛻ධᡭ䛷䛝䜛≧ἣ䠈ዲወᚰ䜔䝣䜯䝑䝅䝵䞁ឤぬ䛛䜙䠈ⱝᖺᒙ䜈䛾ởᰁ䛜ᾐ ㏱䛧䠈ぬ䛫䛔๣䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛✀䚻䛾⸆≀䛜஘⏝䛥䜜䠈኱䛝䛺♫఍ၥ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊≉䛻䠈 ⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛿䠈᭹⏝䛩䜜䜀ከᖾឤ䜔ᛌឤ䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䠈䛛䛴ἲᚊ䛻ゐ䜜䛺䛔䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈Ᏻ᫆䛻ὶ ㏻䛧䛶䛔䜛䠊ᗁぬᡂศ䝃䝹䝡䝜䝸䞁䠝䜢ྵ᭷䛩䜛ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䜒䠈௨๓ 䛿⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛸䛧䛶ὶ㏻䛧䛶䛔䛯䛜䠈ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺ䛛䜙䛿つไ䛾ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䜚䠈୍⯡ⓗ䛺ほ㈹⏝䝃 䝹䝡䜰䛸䠈ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛾㆑ูἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ⴥ⥳యDNA ୰䛾 RubisCO䠄䝸 䝤䝻䞊䝇஧䝸䞁㓟䜹䝹䝪䜻䝅䝷䞊䝊䠋䜸䜻䝅䝀䝘䞊䝊䠅䛿䠈ከ䛟䛾᳜≀䛷᭱䜒ሷᇶ㓄ิ䝕䞊䝍 䛾ゎᯒ䛜㐍䜣䛷䛚䜚 2)䠈_{3)䠈୰䛷䜒 RubisCO ኱䝃䝤䝴䝙䝑䝖䛾㑇ఏᏊ䠄rbcL䠅䛿䠈᳜≀䛾⣔⤫} ゎᯒ䛻䜘䛟฼⏝䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛 4)_{䠊ᮏ◊✲䛿䠈rbcL 䛾୍ሷᇶከᆺ㒊఩䜢㑅ฟ䛧䠈SNPs 䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾} 䛻䜘䜛ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛸ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰䛾ุู䛻䛴䛔䛶᳨ウ䛧䛯䛾䛷ሗ࿌䛩䜛䠊

26

䠎

䠎䠊ᐇ㦂ᮦᩱཬ䜃ᐇ㦂᪉ἲ (1)᳨ᰝヨᩱ

ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䛸ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰 29 ✀䛾ྜィ 30 ✀䜢ヨᩱ䛸䛧䛯 䠄Table2-1䠅䠊ྛヨᩱ䜢䠉80䉝䛷෾⤖䛥䛫䛯ᚋ䠈☻○䛧䠈QIAamp DNA Mini Kit䠄Qiagen ♫䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶DNA 䜢ᢳฟ䛧䛯䠊 (2)䝔䞁䝥䝺䞊䝖䛾 DNA ቑᖜ 㻌 RubisCO 䛾኱䝃䝤䝴䝙䝑䝖䛾㒊ศ㓄ิ䛾ቑᖜ䛻䛿䠈ྜྷ⏣䜙䠄2006䠅䛾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䠄F䠖䠑'-䠣䠣 䠝䠟䠰䠰䠝䠟䠟䠝䠣䠰䠟䠰䠰䠣䠝䠰䠟䠣-䠏'䠈䠮䠖䠑'-䠰䠟䠝䠟䠝䠰䠣䠰䠝䠟䠟䠰䠣䠟䠝䠣䠰䠝䠣䠟-䠏'䠅䜢⏝䛔 䛯䠊཯ᛂ᮲௳䛿䠈95䉝䞉90 ⛊䛾䝥䝺䝠䞊䝖䛻⥆䛝䠈95䉝䞉30 ⛊䠈58䉝䞉30 ⛊䠈72䉝䞉䠍ศ䜢 35 䝃䜲䜽䝹䛾᮲௳䛷⾜䛳䛯䠊 ᚓ䜙䜜䛯PCR ቑᖜ⏘≀䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈1.5䠂䜰䜺䝻䞊䝇䝀䝹䛷䛾㟁ẼὋື䛻䜘䜚ቑᖜ䜢☜ㄆᚋ䠈 PCR ቑᖜ⏘≀䛻 ExoSAP-IT䠄usb ♫䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈ṧᏑ䛧䛯䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛸 dNTP 䜢㝖ཤ䛧 PCR ቑᖜ⏘≀䜢⢭〇䛧䛯䠊 (3)䝬䝹䝏䝥䝺䝑䜽䝇୍ሷᇶఙ㛗཯ᛂ

㻌 SNPs 㒊఩䛾㑅ᢥ䛿䠈Salvia divinorum䛾᪤▱䛾ሷᇶ㓄ิ䜢ᇶ‽䛸䛧䠈᪥ᮏDNA 䝕䞊䝍

䝧䞊䝇䠄DDBJ䠅䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䠈┦ྠᛶ᳨⣴䜢⾜䛔䠈┦ྠᛶ䛾㧗䛔✀䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒୍ሷᇶ㐪䛔䛾䛒

䜛㒊఩䜢䠐䜹ᡤ㑅ᢥ䛧䛯䠊䛭䜜䜙䠐䜹ᡤ䜢䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾䠐✀㢮䛾SNPs 䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䝥䝷䜲

䝬䞊䠄SNPsal-1䠈SNPsal-2䠈SNPsal-3䠈SNPsal-4䠅䛿䠈SNPs 㒊఩䛜䠏'ᮎ➃䛻䛟䜛䜘䛖䛻䝕 䝄䜲䞁䛧䠈䠏✀㢮䛻䛿䛭䜜䛮䜜᩿∦㛗䛜␗䛺䜛䜘䛖䠑'ഃ䛻 PolyT 䜢タᐃ䛧䛯䠄Table2-2䠅䠊

⢭ 〇 䛧 䛯 䠬 䠟䠮 ቑ ᖜ ⏘≀ 䜢 㗪 ᆺ䛸 䛧䠈SNPs 䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛚䜘䜃 SNaPshot Multiplex Kit䠄Applied Biosystems ♫䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈䝬䝹䝏䝥䝺䝑䜽䝇୍ሷᇶఙ㛗཯ᛂ䜢⾜䛳 䛯6䠅_{䠊཯ᛂᚋ䛾ṧᏑddNTP 䛿䠈Shurimp Alkaline Phosphatase䠄usb ♫䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶㝖ཤ䛧}

䛯䠊䛺䛚䠈䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛾ΰྜẚ䛿䠈SNPsal-1䠈SNPsal-2䠈SNPsal-3䠈SNPsal-4 䜢 䛭䜜䛮䜜䠎䠖䠍䠖䠐䠖䠏䛷⾜䛳䛯䠊

27 Table2-1䠊ᐇ㦂䛻⏝䛔䛯䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛾᳜≀ Salvia divinorum Salvia azurea Salvia blepharophylla Salvia bulleyana Salvia chamaedryoides Salvia coahuilensis Salvia discolor

Salvia elegans Honey melon sage Salvia elegans Pineapple sage Salvia greggii

Salvia guaranitica Salvia indigo spires Salvia Jamensis Salvia leucantha Salvia madrensis

Salvia microphylla Hot lips Salvia microphylla Pink Blush Salvia nemorosa

Salvia nemorosa Rosenwein Salvia nemorosa Schneehugel Salvia patens

Salvia pratensis Rose Rhapsody Salvia pratensis Sweet Esmeralda Salvia pratensis Swan lake

Salvia pratensis Twilight serenade Salvia sclarea Vatican white Salvia semiatrata

Salvia sinaloensis Salvia uliginosa Salvia x superb

28

(4)SNPs ゎᯒ

䝬䝹䝏䝥䝺 䝑䜽䝇 ୍ሷᇶఙ 㛗཯ᛂ䛷 ᚓ䜙 䜜䛯཯ᛂᾮ 䜢䠈ABI PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer䠄Applied Biosystem䠅䛷㟁ẼὋື䛧䠈GeneMapper ID䠄Applied Biosystems ♫䠅 䛷ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊

䛺䛚䠈GeneMapper ID 䜢⏝䛔䛶ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛖䛯䜑䛻䠈SNaPshot Primer Focus Kit 䠄Applied Biosystem ♫䠅䜢⏝䛔䠈タィ䛧䛯䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛾⛣ືᗘ䜢☜ㄆ䛧䠈 GeneMapper ID 䜢⏝䛔䛶䛾ゎᯒ䛻ᚲせ䛺 Panel 䛸 Bin 䜢సᡂ䛧䛯䠊

29 Table2-2䠊㻌 SNPs 䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊

㻿㻺㻼

䝬䞊䜹䞊㻔㼎㼜㻕

㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻝㻔㻞㻜㻕 㻡㻓㻙㻭㻭㼀㻳㼀㻭㼀㼀㼀㻳㻳㻭㼀㼀㻯㻭㻭㻭㻳㻯㻙㻟㻓

㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻞㻔㻞㻤㻕 㻡㻓㻙㼀

䠔

㼀㻳㻳㻭㻭㻳㻭㼀㻯㼀㻳㻯㻳㻭㻭㼀㼀㻯㻯㼀㻙㻟㻓

㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻟㻔㻟㻢㻕 㻡㻓㻙㼀

㻝㻢

㻯㻳㻳㻳㻯㻯㼀㼀㻳㻳㻭㻭㻭㻳㼀㼀㼀㼀㻭㻭㻙㻟㻓

㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻠㻔㻠㻠㻕 㻡㻓㻙㼀

㻞㻠

㼀㼀㻯㻭㻯㻯㼀㻳㼀㼀㼀㻯㻭㻳㻯㻯㼀㻳㼀㻳㻙㻟㻓

䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛾ሷᇶ㓄ิ

30 䠏 䠏䠊⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䛚䜘䜃䛭䛾௚䛾ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰 29 ✀䛻䛴䛔䛶䠈 rbcL 㡿ᇦ䜢 PCR ቑᖜ䛧䛯⏘≀䜢䜰䜺䝻䞊䝇䝀䝹㟁ẼὋື䛧䛯⤖ᯝ䠈඲䛶䛾ヨᩱ䛻䛚䛔䛶┠ ⓗ䛸䛩䜛ሷᇶ㛗䛷䛒䜛500bp ௜㏆䛻䛭䜜䛮䜜䠍ᮏ䛾䝞䞁䝗䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䛯䠄Fig2-1䠅䠊 ቑᖜ☜ㄆ䛜䛷䛝䛯 PCR ⏘≀䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈䠐✀䛾䝍䜲䝢䞁䜾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛻䜘䜛୍ሷᇶఙ㛗཯ᛂ

䜢⾜䛳䛯⤖ᯝ䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛛䜙Bin 䛻┦ᙜ䛩䜛䝢䞊䜽䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛯䠄Fig2-2䠅䠊Salvia divinorum

䛛䜙᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛯ሷᇶ䛿䠈䝬䞊䜹䞊䛾㡰䛻䠈䠰䠈䠝䠈䠰䠈䠝䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛣䜜䜙䛿䠈DDBJ 䛻Ⓩ㘓䛥䜜

䛶䛔䜛Salvia divinorum䛸ྠ䛨ሷᇶ䛷䛒䜚䠈䜎䛯䠈䛭䛾௚䛾Salviaᒓ䛻䛚䛔䛶䜒DDBJ 䛻

Ⓩ㘓䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿䠈ྠ䛨ሷᇶ䛜᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛶䛚䜚䠄Table2-3䠅䠈䛭䜜䛮䜜䛾䝬䞊䜹

䞊䛻䛚䛔䛶SNPs 䜢ṇ䛧䛟᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䜒䛾䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊

䛥䜙䛻䠈䝬䞊䜹䞊䛻䛚䛡䜛 Salvia divinorum 䛾ሷᇶ䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛿䠈௒ᅇヨᩱ䛻౪䛧䛯 ௚䛾 Salvia ᒓ29 ✀䛾ሷᇶ䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛸䛿␗䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䠈ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䜢༊ู䛩䜛䛣䛸 䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊≉䛻䠈SNPsal-2 䝬䞊䜹䞊䛿䠈Salvia divinorum䛻䛚䛔䛶䛾䜏A 䜢᳨ฟ䛧䛶䛚䜚䠈 SNPsal-2 䝬䞊䜹䞊䛜ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛸ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰䛾ุู䛻㔜せ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊 ᳜≀䛾ရ✀㆑ู䛻㛵䛧䛶䛿䠈䝘䝅䛾SNP 䝬䞊䜹䞊䜔䜻䜴䜲䝣䝹䞊䝒䛾 SSR 䝬䞊䜹䞊䛺䛹 ྛရ✀㛫䛷䛾㆑ู䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛚䜚䠄ᮌᮧ䜙䠈2004䠅䠄ಖᆏ䜙䠈2009䠅)_{䠈䝙䞁䝙䜽䛾STS 䝬䞊} 䜹䞊䛷䛿⏘ᆅ䛾ุู䜒ྍ⬟䛻䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠄㇂ᮏ䜙䠈2007䠅䠊ᮏ◊✲䛻䛚䛔䛶䠈䠐✀㢮䛾 SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䜢⏝䛔䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䛳䛶䠈salviaᒓ30 ✀䜢䠒䜾䝹䞊䝥䛻ศ㢮䛥䜜䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䚸๓㏙䛾䜘䛖 䛺ရ✀㚷ู䜈䛾ᛂ⏝䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䛜⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠄Table2-3䠅䠊 ௒ᅇసᡂ䛧䛯䠐✀䛾 SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䜢⏝䛔䛯䝬䝹䝏䝥䝺䝑䜽䝇୍ሷᇶఙ㛗཯ᛂ䛷䛿䠈䠐✀ 㢮䛾 SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䜢ྠ᫬䛻᳨ฟ䛷䛝䠈䛭䜜䜙䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛻䜘䛳䛶ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛸ほ㈹ ⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰䛸䜢༊ู䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛸䛺䜚䠈䛥䜙䛻ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰䛾䜾䝹䞊䝥ศ䛡䜒ྍ⬟䛷䛒䛳 䛯䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈ἲ⛉Ꮫศ㔝䜈䛾฼⏝䛜ྍ⬟䛺᭷⏝䛺SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䛜㛤Ⓨ䛷䛝䛯䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊 ௒ᚋ䛿䠈䛥䜙䛻ᖜᗈ䛔ရ✀䛾᳨ウ䠈SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䛾䛥䜙䛺䜛タィ䜢⾜䛖䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚䠈ᗁぬᛶ

31

32

䠍:Salvia bulleyana 䠗 2:Salvia chamaedryoides ; 3:Salvia x superba ; 4: Salvia semiatrata ; 5:Salvia madrensis ; 6: Salvia divinorum ;

M: 100bp 䢓䡼䢚䡬䢋䡬䡲䡬

33

34 Table2-3䠊䠐✀㢮䛾 SNPs 䝬䞊䜹䞊䛛䜙᳨ฟ䛥䜜䛯ሷᇶ䛾✀㢮 ✀ྡ 㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻝 㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻞 㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻟 㻿㻺㻼㼟㼍㼘㻙㻠 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼐㼕㼢㼕㼚㼛㼞㼡㼙 㼀 㻭 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼍㼦㼡㼞㼑㼍㻌 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼎㼘㼑㼜㼔㼍㼞㼛㼜㼔㼥㼘㼘㼍㻌 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼏㼔㼍㼙㼍㼑㼐㼞㼥㼛㼕㼐㼑㼟 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼏㼛㼍㼔㼡㼕㼘㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼓㼞㼑㼓㼓㼕㼕㻌 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼓㼡㼍㼞㼍㼚㼕㼠㼕㼏㼍 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼙㼍㼐㼞㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼙㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼔㼥㼘㼘㼍㻌㻴㼛㼠㻌㼘㼕㼜㼟 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼙㼕㼏㼞㼛㼜㼔㼥㼘㼘㼍㻌㻼㼕㼚㼗㻌㻮㼘㼡㼟㼔 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼟㼑㼙㼕㼍㼠㼞㼍㼠㼍 㼀 㻳 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼜㼍㼠㼑㼚㼟 㼀 㻯 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼐㼕㼟㼏㼛㼘㼛㼞㻌 㼀 㻯 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼟㼕㼚㼍㼘㼛㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟㻌 㼀 㻯 㼀 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼎㼡㼘㼘㼑㼥㼍㼚㼍 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㻶㼍㼙㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟㻌 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼚㼑㼙㼛㼞㼛㼟㼍 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼚㼑㼙㼛㼞㼛㼟㼍㻌㻾㼛㼟㼑㼚㼣㼑㼕㼚㻌 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼚㼑㼙㼛㼞㼛㼟㼍㻌㻿㼏㼔㼚㼑㼑㼔㼡㼓㼑㼘 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼜㼞㼍㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟㻌㻾㼛㼟㼑㻌㻾㼔㼍㼜㼟㼛㼐㼥 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼜㼞㼍㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟㻌㻿㼣㼑㼑㼠㻌㻱㼟㼙㼑㼞㼍㼘㼐㼍 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼜㼞㼍㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟㻌㻿㼣㼍㼚㻌㼘㼍㼗㼑 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼜㼞㼍㼠㼑㼚㼟㼕㼟㻌㼀㼣㼕㼘㼕㼓㼔㼠㻌㼟㼑㼞㼑㼚㼍㼐㼑 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼟㼏㼘㼍㼞㼑㼍㻌㼂㼍㼠㼕㼏㼍㼚㻌㼣㼔㼕㼠㼑 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼤㻌㼟㼡㼜㼑㼞㼎㼍 㻯 㻳 㻯 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼑㼘㼑㼓㼍㼚㼟㻌㻼㼕㼚㼑㼍㼜㼜㼘㼑㻌㼟㼍㼓㼑 㼀 㻯 㼀 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼑㼘㼑㼓㼍㼚㼟㻌㻴㼛㼚㼑㼥㻌㼙㼑㼘㼛㼚㻌㼟㼍㼓㼑 㼀 㻯 㼀 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼡㼘㼕㼓㼕㼚㼛㼟㼍 㼀 㻯 㼀 㻯 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼕㼚㼐㼕㼓㼛㻌㼟㼜㼕㼞㼑㼟㻌 㼀 㻳 㻯 㻭 㻿㼍㼘㼢㼕㼍㻌㼘㼑㼡㼏㼍㼚㼠㼔㼍 㼀 㻳 㻯 㻭

35 ➨2 ❶

ⴥ⥳య

DNA 䛾 TrnL-TrnF spacer 㡿ᇦ䜢⏝䛔䛯䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛾㆑ู

䠍 䠍䠊䛿䛨䜑䛻 ᫖௒䛾⸆≀䜢ᐜ᫆䛻ධᡭ䛷䛝䜛≧ἣ䛿䠈ぬ䛫䛔๣䜢䛿䛨䜑䛸䛩䜛✀䚻䛾⸆≀䛜஘⏝䛥䜜䜛 ஦ែ䜢ᣍ䛝኱䛝䛺♫఍ၥ㢟䜢⏕䜣䛷䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾♫఍≧ἣ䛾୰䛷䠈ዲወᚰ䜔䝣䜯䝑䝅䝵䞁ឤぬ䛛 䜙䠈ᐜ᫆䛻㐪ἲ⸆≀䛻㛵䜟䜛≢⨥䛻ᡭ䜢ᰁ䜑䜔䛩䛔ⱝᖺᒙ䛜㛵ಀ䛩䜛஦≢䜒ຓ㛗䛥䜜䜛ഴ ྥ䛻䛒䜛䠊䛔䜟䜖䜛⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾ὶ㏻䛿䠈䛣䛾≧ἣ䛻ᢿ㌴䜢䛛䛡䛶䛔䜛䠊⬺ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛿ከ䛟 䛾Ṛஸ஦᱌䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䜘䛖䛻ᴟ䜑䛶༴㝤䛷䛒䜛䛜䠈ἲᚊ䛻ゐ䜜䛺䛔䛯䜑ከ䛟䛾ⱝ⪅䛜Ᏻ᫆ 䛻౑⏝䛧䠈㐪ἲ⸆≀≢⨥䛻ᡭ䜢ᰁ䜑䜛䛝䛳䛛䛡䛸䛺䜛䛣䛸䛜༴᝹䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾ၥ㢟䛻㛵䛧䛶 䛿䠈㐪ἲ䛸䛩䜛໬ྜ≀䛾⠊ᅖ䜢ぢ┤䛩䛺䛹䠈ྲྀ䜚⥾䜎䜚䛾ᯟ⤌䜏⮬య䜢ぢ┤䛩➼䛾ᑐᛂ䛜㐍 䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊୍᪉䠈ᚑ᮶䛛䜙㐪ἲ⸆≀ᖖ⏝䛾ዎᶵ䛸䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛኱㯞䛺䛹䛾ᗁぬᛶ≀㉁䜢ྵ 䜐᳜≀䛾౑⏝䛜ⱝᖺᒙ䛻ᾐ㏱䛧䛶䛔䜛≧ἣ䜒䠈ᴟ䜑䛶༴ᶵⓗ䛺≧ἣ䛻䛒䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䠈ᖹᡂ24 ᖺ䛻䛚䛡䜛኱㯞䛻㛵䜟䜛஦≢䛷䛾᳨ᣲ⪅ᩘ䛿䠈20 ṓ௦䛜᭱䜒ከ䛟䠈30 ṓ௦䛜䛭䜜䛻⥆䛝䠈ᮍ ᡂᖺ䜒ྵ䜑䜛䛸20 ṓ௦௨ୗ䛾᳨ᣲ⪅ᩘ䛜䠈඲య䛾༙ᩘ䛻㏕䜛༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣ䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䛯䠊⬺ ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛾ྲྀ䜚⥾䜎䜚䛻ຍ䛘䛶䠈㐪ἲ䛺ᗁぬᛶ᳜≀䛾౑⏝䜢㣗䛔Ṇ䜑䜛䛣䛸䛜䠈ⱝᖺᒙ䜢⸆ ≀≢⨥䛛䜙Ᏺ䜛䛯䜑䛻㔜せ䛺ㄢ㢟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊 㻌 ኱㯞䛺䛹䛾㐪ἲ䛺ᗁぬᛶ᳜≀䛻㛵䛩䜛஦᱌䛻㛵䛩䜛ၥ㢟䛿䠈䜲䞁䝍䞊䝛䝑䝖䛺䛹䜢฼⏝䛧䛶 ୙ṇ䛻ᾏእ䛛䜙ධᡭ䛧䛯✀Ꮚ䜢⮬䜙᱂ᇵ䛧䠈஝⇱䛥䛫䛯ⴥ䜢྾ᘬ䛧䛶౑⏝䛩䜛➼䠈≢⨥䛜ᐦ ᐊ໬䛧䛶䛔䜛䛣䛸䛷䛒䜛䠊㚷㆑⛉Ꮫ䛾❧ሙ䛛䜙䛿䠈ឤᗘ䛜㧗䛔㚷ᐃἲ䛻䜘䜚ᡤᣢရ䛻௜╔䛩䜛 ᚤ㔞䛺䇾኱㯞䇿䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䜢☜❧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈䛣䜜䜢ᢚṆ䛩䜛䛯䜑䛾᭷ຊ䛺ᡭẁ䛸⪃䛘䜙 䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊୍⯡䛻䠈ᚤ⣽䛺ヨᩱ䛛䜙䛾ᡂศศᯒ䛿ᅔ㞴䛷䛒䜚䠈PCR 䜢⏝䛔䛯㧗ឤᗘ䛺✀䞉⣔ ⤫㆑ูᢏ⾡䜢฼⏝䛧䛯㚷ᐃ᪉ἲ䜢☜❧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ᮇᚅ䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䠈኱㯞ⲡ䛻䛚䛔䛶䛿 DNA 㚷ᐃ䛻㛵䛩䜛ᇶ┙ᢏ⾡䛜☜❧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠄Linacre㻌 et al.,1998䠅䠄Tsai㻌 et al.,2006䠅

36 䠄ᐊ䜙䠈2010䠅䠊䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺᪉ἲ䜢䠈௚䛾ᗁぬᛶ㐪ἲ᳜≀䛷㛤Ⓨ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛿䠈≢⨥㚷㆑䛻䛚䛡䜛 㔜せ䛺ㄢ㢟䛷䛒䜛䠊ᮏ◊✲䛷ᑐ㇟䛸䛩䜛䠈ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䛿䠈ᚑ᮶䛿⬺ ἲ䝗䝷䝑䜾䛸䛧䛶ὶ㏻䛧䛯Ṕྐ䜢ᣢ䛴䛜䠈ᗁぬᡂศ䝃䝹䝡䝜䝸䞁A 䜢ྵ᭷䛩䜛䛯䜑ᖹᡂ 19 ᖺ䛛 䜙኱㯞䛸ྠᵝ䛺つไ䠄ᡤᣢ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜≢⨥䛸䛺䜛つไ䠅䛾ᑐ㇟䛸䛺䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊䛣䛾ሙྜ䜒኱㯞䛸 ྠᵝ䛻⮬ᐙ᱂ᇵ䜒ྍ⬟䛺䛣䛸䛛䜙ᐦᐊ໬䛻䜘䜛ⱝᖺᒙ䜈䛾ᾐ㏱䛜ྠᵝ䛻༴᝹䛥䜜䠈㧗ឤᗘ䛾 㚷ᐃ᪉ἲ䜢☜❧䛩䜛䛣䛸䛾㔜せᛶ䛿㧗䛔䠊 㻌 ➹⪅䜙䛿䠈䛣䛾䜘䛖䛺⫼ᬒ䛛䜙䠈ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛾 DNA 㚷ᐃἲ䛾㛤Ⓨ䛻ྲྀ䜚⤌䜏䠈 rbcL

䠄Ribulose 1-5 bisphosphate carboxylase Large subunit䠅䛾୍ሷᇶከᆺ㒊఩䛾SNPs 䝍

䜲䝢䞁䜾䛻䜘䜚䠈ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛜㆑ู䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䜢ሗ࿌䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾᪉ἲ䛿䠈ⴥ⥳య DNA ୖ䛾

ከᆺ䜢䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖䛻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙ᚤ⣽ヨᩱ䛻㐺⏝ྍ⬟䛷䠈ಖᏑᛶ䛜ᴟ䜑䛶㧗䛔rbcL ୖ䛾ከᆺ

䜢฼⏝䛩䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䜢㏆⦕✀䛸༊ู䛷䛝䜛⢭ᗘ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈DNA 㚷ᐃᢏ

⾡䛸䛧䛶ඃ䜜䛯≉ᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛸ุ᩿䛷䛝䛯䠊䛧䛛䛧䠈ᐇ㝿䛾ドᣐရ䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䛩䜛㚷ู䛷䛿䠈ᮍ▱

䛾ヨᩱ䛛䜙᳜≀✀䜢ྠᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䠈」ᩘ䛾 DNA 㡿ᇦ䜢฼⏝䛧䛯᳨ᰝ䜢⤌䜏ྜ䜟

䛫䜛䛣䛸䛜ᚲせ䛸䛺䜛䠊ᐇ㝿䠈኱㯞ⲡ䛾 DNA 㚷ู䛷䛿䠈RAPD ἲ䜔᰾ DNA 䛾 ITS 㡿ᇦ䠈 ⴥ⥳యDNA 䛾 trnL-trnF 㡿ᇦ䛾≉␗ⓗ䛺ሷᇶ㓄ิ䜢฼⏝䛧䛯᳨ᰝἲ䛜☜❧䛧䠈䛣䜜䜙䜢⤌ 䜏ྜ䜟䛫䜛䛣䛸䛻䜘䜚㚷ู⢭ᗘ䛜ྥୖ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜☜䛛䜑䜙䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊 㻌 ඛ䛻㏙䜉䛯䜘䛖䛻䠈rbcL 䛾 SNPs ゎᯒ䛿䝃䝹䝡䜰㏆⦕✀䜢༊ู䛷䛝䜛⢭ᗘ䜢ᣢ䛱䠈䝃䝹䝡 䜰ᒓ䜢ྠᐃ䛩䜛ᢏ⾡䛸⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䜜䜀䠈㚷ู᪉ἲ䛾ᇶ┙䛸䛺䜛≉ᛶ䜢䜒䛳䛶䛔䜛䠊୍⯡䛻䠈ᒓ 䝺䝧䝹䛾㆑ู䜢⾜䛖ሙྜ䛻䛿䠈rbcL 䜘䜚䜒ከᵝᛶ䛜኱䛝䛔㡿ᇦ䛜౑⏝䛥䜜䠈኱㯞ⲡ䛾ሙྜ䜒 ᰾䝀䝜䝮䛻䝁䞊䝗䛥䜜䜛18S 䝸䝪䝌䞊䝬䝹 RNA 㑇ఏᏊ䛾 ITS 㡿ᇦ䜔䠈ⴥ⥳య䝀䝜䝮ୖ䛾 trnL-trnF 㡿ᇦ䛾᭷⏝ᛶ䛜♧䛥䜜䛶䛔䜛䠊䛭䛣䛷䛣䛾◊✲䛷䛿䠈ඛ䛻☜❧䛧䛯 rbcL 䛸ྠᵝ䛻䠈 ᚤ⣽䝃䞁䝥䝹䛾ゎᯒ䛻㐺䛧䛯ⴥ⥳య䝀䝜䝮ୖ䛻Ꮡᅾ䛩䜛䠈trnL-trnF 㡿ᇦ䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䠈ᗁぬᛶ 䝃䝹䝡䜰ཬ䜃䛭䛾㏆⦕✀䠄䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䠅䛾≉ᐃ᪉ἲ䜢᳨ウ䛧䛯䠊䛭䛾⤖ᯝ䠈䛣䛾ከᆺ䛻ᇶ䛵䛔

37

䛶タィ䛧䛯PCR 䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛻䜘䜚௚䛾᳜≀✀䛸䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛜༊ู䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛜☜䛛䜑䜙䜜

䛯䠊

38 䠎 䠎䠊ᮦᩱཬ䜃᪉ἲ (1)᳜≀ᮦᩱཬ䜃 DNA ᢳฟ ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䠄Salvia divinorum䠅䛸䠈⌧ᅾᅜෆ䛷᱂ᇵ䞉ὶ㏻䛩䜛䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ 30 ✀䛿䠈 ᚑ᮶䛾䡎䠾䠿L䛻ᇶ䛵䛟㚷ู᪉ἲ䜢☜❧䛧䛯◊✲䛸ྠ䛨䜒䛾䜢⏝䛔䛯䠊୍᪉䠈ᶍᨃⓗ䛺ᮍ▱ヨᩱ 䛸䛧䛶䠈஝⇱ရ䛜ὶ㏻䛧䛶䛔䜛䝝䞊䝤㢮䛸䠈ྠᵝ䛻஝⇱䛧䛯≧ែ䛷ὶ㏻䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜䛒䜛ᩘ✀㢮 䛾㣗⏝స≀䜢ᮦᩱ䛸䛧䛯䠄Table3-1䠅䠊䛭䜜䜙ᮦᩱ 18 ✀䛿䠈䜸䝸䞊䝤䠄olea europaea䠅䠈䝨䝟 䞊䝭䞁䝖䠄Mentha x piperita L䠅䠈䝝䜲䝡䝇䜹䝇䠄Hibiscus rosa-sinensis䠅䠈䝹䞊䠄Ruta graveolens䠅䠈䜹䝷䝭䞁䝖䠄Calamintha nepeta䠅䠈᪥䚻ⲡ䠄Catharanthus roseus䠅䠈䝁䝸䜴䝇 䠄solenostemon scutellarioides䠅 䠈 䝹 䝑 䝁 䝷 䠄Eruca vesicaria䠅 䠈 䜰 䞁 䝀 䝻 䝙 䜰 䝤 䝹 䞊 䠄Angelonia angustitolia䠅䠈䝺䝰䞁䝬䝸䞊䝂䞊䝹䝗䠄Tagetes lemmonii䠅䠈䝩䝽䜲䝖䝥䝸䞁䝉䝇 䠄Jasminum officinale䠅 䠈 䝟 䝉 䝸 䠄Petroseli 䡊 um crispum䠅 䠈 䝷 䝭 䜴 䝮 䠄Lamium purpureum䠅 䠈 䜰 䝯 䝸 䜹 䞁 䝤 䝹 䞊 䠄Evolvulus pilosus䠅 䠈 䜶 䝹 䝃 䝺 䝮 䝉 䞊 䝆 䠄Phlomis fruticasa䠅,䛧䛭䠄Perilla frutescens䠅䠈䛧䛧䛸䛖䠄Capsicum㻌 aunuum var angulosum䠅䠈䝖 䝬䝖䠄Solanum lycopersicum䠅䜢⏝䛔䛯䚹ྛヨᩱ䛾஝⇱ⴥ䜢☻○䛧䠈NucleoSpin Plant䊡 䠄䝬䝑䝝䝷䜲䞉䝘䞊䝀䝹♫䠈Germany䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶 DNA 䜢ᢳฟ䛧䛯䠊ᢳฟᡭ㡰䛿ῧ௜䛾䝥䝻䝖䝁 䞊䝹䛻ᚑ䛳䛯䠊 (2)trnL-trnF spacer 㡿ᇦ䛾 DNA 㓄ิゎᯒ䛸⣔⤫ゎᯒ 㻌 ᢳฟ䛧䛯DNA ヨᩱ䜢㗪ᆺ䛸䛧䛶䠈trnL-trnF spacer 㡿ᇦ䜢ቑᖜ䛷䛝䜛䝴䝙䝞䞊䝃䝹䝥䝷䜲 䝬 䞊 䠄 F 䠖 䠑 ’ 䠉 GGTTCAAGTCCCTCTATCCC 䠉 䠏 ’ 䠈 R 䠖 䠑 ’ 䠉 ATTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG䇷䠏’䠅䠄Taberlet etal.,1991䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶 PCR ቑᖜ䛧䛯䠊䛣䛾 ቑᖜ⏘≀䛾ሷᇶ㓄ิ䜢䠈BigDye Terminater㻌 V3.1 Cycle sequencing Kit 䠄Applied Biosystems䠅䛸 3130xlGenetic Analyzer䠄Applied Biosystems䠅䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈䝎䜲䝺䜽䝖䝅䞊䜿 䞁䝇ἲ䛻䜘䜚ゎᯒ䛧䛯䠊

39

䜢Tree View 䛷⾲♧䛧䛯䠊䛺䛚䠈⣔⤫ᶞ䛾ಙ㢗༊㛫䛿䝤䞊䝖䝇䝖䝷䝑䝥᳨ᐃἲ䠄䠍䠌䠌䠌཯᚟䠅䛻 䜘䜚⟬ฟ䛧䛯䠊

40

Table3-1䠊ᐇ㦂䛻౪䛧䛯䝃䞁䝥䝹

Salvia divinorum

㻌

Salvia blepharophylla

Salvia azurea

Salvia bulleyana

Salvia chamaedryoides

Salvia coahuilensis

Salvia discolor

Salvia elegans Honey melon sage

Salvia elegans Pineapple sage

Salvia greggii

Salvia guaranitica

Salvia indigo spires

Salvia jamensis

Salvia leucantha

Salvia madrensis

Salvia microphylla Hot lips

Salvia microphylla Pink blush

Salvia nemorosa

Salvia nemorosa Rosenwein

Salvia nemorosa Schneehugel

Salvia patens

Salvia pratensis Rose rhapsody

Salvia pratensis Sweet esmeralda

Salvia pretensis Swan lake

Salvia pratensis Twilight serenade

Salvia csclarea Vatican white

Salvia semiatrata

Salvia sinaloensis

Salvia uliginosa

Salvia x superb

Evolvulus pilosus

Olea europaea

Hibiscus rosa sinensis

Calamintha nepeta

Solenostemon scutellarioides

Angelonia angustitolia

Jasminum officinale

Mentha x piperita L

Ruta graveolens

Catharanthus roseus

Eruca vesicaria

Tagetes lemmonii

Petroselinum crispum

Perilla frutescens

Lamium purpureum

Capsicum aunuum

41

Table3-2䠊タィ䛧䛯䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊

Sequences(5' to 3')

trnL-SF

TCCTGTAATTTCAATCAATG

42 (3)ttrnL-trnF spacer 㡿ᇦከᆺ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟 PCR ἲ䛻䜘䜛㆑ู 㻌 䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ≉␗ⓗ䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛸䛧䛶ⴥ⥳యtrnL-trnF㻌 spacer 㡿ᇦ䜢㑅ᢥ䛧䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛾 䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇䜢⾜䛳䛯᝟ሗ䛚䜘䜃GenBank 䛾ሷᇶ㓄ิ᝟ሗ䜢ᇶ䛻 Clustal W ゎᯒ䜢⏝䛔䛶 䜰䝷䜲䝯䞁䝖䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䜰䝷䜲䝯䞁䝖䜢฼⏝䛧䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ≉␗ⓗ䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䜢タィ䛧䛯 䠄Table3-2䠅䠊䛥䜙䛻䠈タィ䛧䛯䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䜢 DDBJ 䛾 BLAST ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛶䠈≉␗ᛶ䜢᳨ウ䛧 䛯䠊䛣䛾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊[trnL-SF䠄䠑䇻䠉TCCTGTAATTTCAATCAATG䠉䠏䇻䠅䠈trnL-SR䠄䠑䇻䠉 TTTTCCACGGAACTTTAGAAA䠉䠏䇻䠅]䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈PCR (95䉝䞉90 ⛊䛾䝥䝺䝠䞊䝖䛻⥆䛝䠈 95䉝䞉30 ⛊䠈58䉝䞉30 ⛊䠈72䉝䞉䠍ศ䜢 35 䝃䜲䜽䝹)ቑᖜ䛧䠈1.5䠂䜰䜺䝻䞊䝇䝀䝹䛷䛾㟁ẼὋ ື䛻䜘䜚ゎᯒ䛧䛯䠊

43 䠏 䠏䠊⤖ᯝ䛸⪃ᐹ 㐪ἲ䛺ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛿஝⇱ⴥ䛸䛧䛶౑⏝䛥䜜䜛䛾䛜୍⯡ⓗ䛷䛒䜛䛯䜑䠈௒ᅇ౪䛧䛯㆑ู ᑐ㇟䛾␗✀᳜≀䠄Table3-1䠅䛿䠈䝝䞊䝤䠄㤶ⲡ㢮䠅䜔஝⇱ရ䛸䛧䛶ᕷሙ䛻ὶ㏻䛩䜛㣗ရ䠄䝖䝬䝖 ➼䠅䜢ᮦᩱ䛸䛧䛯䠊䛣䜜䜙䛾DNA 䜢㗪ᆺ䛸䛩䜛䛸䠈ᚑ᮶䛛䜙▱䜙䜜䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈trnL-trnF spacer 㡿ᇦ䛾䝴䝙䝞䞊䝃䝹䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛻䜘䜚 PCR 䛷ቑᖜ᩿∦䜢ᚓ䜛䛣䛸䛜䛷䛝䛯䠊ᚑ᮶䛾◊✲䛷䜒 ⏝䛔䛯䠈ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰䛷䜒ྠᵝ䛺ቑᖜ䛜☜ㄆ䛥䜜䠈ቑᖜ㒊ศ䛾ከᵝᛶ䜢᳨ウ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ ⬟䛷䛒䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾ቑᖜ㒊ศ䛾DNA 㓄ิゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈㐣ཤ䛾ሗ࿌䛸ྠᵝ䛻ከᵝᛶ䛜☜ ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊ᅗ䠍䛻♧䛩௦⾲ⓗ䛺㓄ิẚ㍑䛛䜙䜒䜟䛛䜛䜘䛖䛻䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ㛫䛷䛿㓄ิ䛾⨨᥮䠈 ᤄධ➼䛜ᩘሷᇶ⛬ᗘ䛺䛾䛻ᑐ䛧䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ௨እ䛾䝃䞁䝥䝹䛷䛿኱䛝䛟␗䛺䜛㓄ิ䜔䠈⨨᥮䠈 ᤄධ䠈Ḟኻ➼䛜」ᩘ᳨ฟ䛥䜜䠈㏆⦕ᛶ䛻ᛂ䛨䛯ከᵝᛶ䛜⏕䛨䛶䛔䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊ᐇ㝿䛻䠈⣔ ⤫ᶞ䜢సᡂ䛧䛶ቑᖜ㒊ศ䛾㓄ิ䜢ẚ㍑䛩䜛䛸䠈ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛸ほ㈹⏝䝃䝹䝡䜰䛿ྠ䛨ᯞ䛻 䜾䝹䞊䝥໬䛥䜜䠈௚䛾᳜≀✀䛸䛿᫂☜䛻༊ู䛷䛝䜛䛣䛸䛜᫂䜙䛛䛸䛺䛳䛯䠄Fig3-2䠅䠊䛣䛾᫬䠈 Perilla frutescens ➼䛾䝅䝋⛉䛻ᒓ䛩䜛㆑ูᑐ㇟䛾᳜≀✀䛿䠈༑ศ䛺ከᵝᛶ䜢ᣢ䛴䛣䛸䜒☜ ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊 䛣䛾⤖ᯝ䜢ᇶ䛻䠈䛣䛾㡿ᇦ䜢ᑐ㇟䛻䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䜢PCR 䛻䜘䜚㆑ู䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛾᳨ウ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊 ๓㏙䛾ゎᯒ䛻䜘䜚ᚓ䜙䜜䛯㓄ิ䜢ẚ㍑䛧䛶䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛷ಖᣢ䛥䜜䠈␗✀䛷ಖᏑᛶ䛜ప䛔㒊ศ 䛻䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䜢タィ䛧䛯䠄Fig3-3A䠅䠊䛣䛾㓄ิ䠄trnL-SF䠈trnL-SR䠅䜢 GenBank 䜢ᑐ㇟䛸䛩 䜛blast-n ᳨⣴䛧䛯䛸䛣䜝䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ௨እ䛾᳜≀䛷䠈୧᪉䛾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊㒊ศ䛜᏶඲䛻୍⮴䛩 䜛䜒䛾䛿ㄆ䜑䜙䜜䛪䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䜢㆑ู䛷䛝䜛㓄ิ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䛯䠊ᐇ㝿䛻䠈䛣䛾䝥䝷䜲䝬 䞊䜢⏝䛔䛶䠈18 ✀䛾␗✀᳜≀䛸䝃䝹䝡䜰䛷 PCR 䜢⾜䛳䛯≧ἣ䜢 Fig3-3B 䛻♧䛩䠊 䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ≉␗ⓗ䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛸䛧䛶タィ䛧䛯trnL-SF䠈trnL-SR 䛿䠈඲䛶䛾䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䝃䞁 䝥䝹䛷⣙ 500䠾䡌䛾᩿∦䜢ቑᖜ䛥䛫䛯䠊୍᪉䠈䛭䛾௚䠍䠔✀䛷䛿䠈ඛ䛻♧䛧䛯䜘䛖䛻䝴䝙䝞䞊䝃 䝹䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛷䛿ቑᖜ䛩䜛䜒䛾䛾䠈䛣䛾䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛷䛿ቑᖜ᩿∦䛜ᚓ䜙䜜䛺䛛䛳䛯䠊䛣䛾䛣䛸䛛 䜙䠈௒ᅇタィ䛧䛯䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䜢⏝䛔䜜䜀䠈trnF-trnL 㡿ᇦ䛾ከᵝᛶ䜢฼⏝䛧䛶䠈䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛾

44 䜏䜢᳨ฟ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜ྍ⬟䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䛜☜ㄆ䛷䛝䛯䠊䛣䛾᪉ἲ䛿䠈ඛ䛻☜❧䛧䛯rbcL ከᆺ䜢᳨ᰝ 䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛸ྠᵝ䛻䠈ⴥ⥳య䝀䝜䝮DNA 䜢䝍䞊䝀䝑䝖䛸䛩䜛䛯䜑䠈኱㯞ⲡ㆑ู䛾ᐇ⦼䛛䜙䜒ᚤ⣽ ヨᩱ䛾ศᯒ䛻᭷ຠ䛷䛒䜛䛸⪃䛘䜙䜜䜛䠊 ᐇ㝿䛻ᚤ⣽ヨᩱ䛜ᣢ䛱㎸䜎䜜䠈䛭䜜䛜ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛛䛹䛖䛛䜢ุู䛩䜛䛻䛒䛯䛳䛶䛿䠈 ௒ᅇタィ䛧䛯䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䜢⏝䛔䛶䝃䝹䝡䜰ᒓ䛛ྰ䛛䛾⤠䜚㎸䜏䠈䛥䜙䛻ᚑ᮶䛾᪉ἲ䛷 Salvia divinorum䛷䛒䜛䛣䛸䜢≉ᐃ䛩䜛䛣䛸䛜᝿ᐃ䛥䜜䜛䠊ᚑ᮶䛾᪉ἲ䛿䠈4 䛛ᡤ䛾 SNPs ከᆺ䜢䝬 䝹䝏䝥䝺䝑䜽䝇୍ሷᇶఙ㛗཯ᛂ䛷᳨ฟ䛩䜛᪉ἲ䛷䠈⥲ィ2 ᅇ䛾 PCR 䛷 1 ᅇ䛾᳨ᰝ䛜ᐇ᪋䛷 䛝䜛䠊䛣䛾཮᪉䛾⤌䜏ྜ䜟䛫䛿䠈ᚤ㔞ヨᩱ䛾ศᯒ䛸䛧䛶チᐜ䛷䛝䜛 DNA 㔞䛷ᐇ᪋䛷䛝䜛䜒䛾 䛷䛒䜛䠊ドᣐရ㚷ᐃ䛷䛿䠈ᴟ䜑䛶㧗䛔ཝᐦᛶ䛜ồ䜑䜙䜜䜛䛣䛸䛛䜙䠈䛥䜙䛻ṇ☜ᛶ䜢ྥୖ䛥䛫 䜛᳨ウ䛿ຍ䛘䜛ᚲせ䛜䛒䜛䛜䠈DNA ከᆺ䜢⏝䛔䛯ᗁぬᛶ䝃䝹䝡䜰䛾㚷ᐃ䛾ᇶ┙䛿ᩚ䛳䛯䛸 ⪃䛘䛶䛔䜛䠊

45

Salvia divinorum **77&$$*7&&&&7&7$7&&&&$$$$$*&&7$7777$&&&&7$$$$7$777$&&&7$7&&&&&&7777& Salvia blepharophylla *&&& Eruca vesicaria &&&7$&7&$$$$$*&*777*$&&&&77 Tagetes lemmonii 777*$&7&$&77$7*77&&7*$7777 

Salvia divinorum *77$****77&&$$$77&&&77$7&777&7*$77&777*$&$$$$*&$777***7*7$$$7*$&777& Salvia blepharophylla * Eruca vesicaria 77$*$$77&$&&*$$$&7777$&$*777 Tagetes lemmonii &$*7$&$&7$&7&777$77*&$&*$7*$ 

Salvia divinorum 7&77$7&77$7&$&$&*7*$7$7$*$$*$&$&$77*&$$$7*$$*&$$**$$7*&&*$7$7* Salvia blepharophylla *7 Eruca vesicaria 7$$&$$*777**$7&7$*$$$77 Tagetes lemmonii $$*$&*7$$7*77*$$&$7&777* 

Salvia divinorum $$7*$$7$&&$77*$77*$$$77$&$**$&77**$

Salvia blepharophylla  Eruca vesicaria 7777$*$$7&77777&$77&$&*$$*7&77&7777&*$$*$7&&$$*$$$77&&&7&

Tagetes lemmonii &7 

Salvia divinorum *$$$&777*7$$7&&&&&*7*7&&&777$$77*$&$7&$$&7&&$*&&$7&7$$7$$$$7*$* Salvia blepharophylla &

Eruca vesicaria &$&777&777$&7$&7777*&777$*&7$7& Tagetes lemmonii **&7*$&*&$*&$&77&*$

46



Salvia divinorum *7***$7*&7$&$77**$$$7**7&***$7$*&7&$*&7**7$*$*&$*$**$&7*$$$$7&&7&*7*&&$&&$*77&$$$$ Salvia blepharophylla 7 Eruca vesicaria $$7&7&7*$* Tagetes lemmonii $$$**$*&$*$7&

㻌

Fig3-1䠊௦⾲䝃䞁䝥䝹䛾䝅䞊䜿䞁䝇⤖ᯝ

47

Fig3-2䠊

trnL-trnF spacer 㡿ᇦ䛻䛚䛡䜛⣔⤫ᶞ

MJ ἲ䛻䜘䜛⣔⤫ゎᯒ䜢⾜䛳䛯䠊⣔⤫ᶞ䛾ᩘ್䛿䝤䞊䝖䝇䝖䝷䝑䝥᳨ᐃ䠄1000 ཯᚟䠅䛷ᚓ䜙䜜 䛯☜⋡䜢♧䛩䠊

48 $ $777*$$&7**7*$&$&*$**$7777&$*7&&7&7*&7&7$&&$*&7*$*&7$7&&&*$&&$777&&$$7*7$*&$7&&&$&&&7&$77



㼠㼞㼚㻸㻙㻿㻲㻌 77$77$*$7**&7**$*77*$7*7&$$77$$$***$&$&*****$77$&$$$*777&7&&$$*7&&7*7$$777&$$7&$$7**7$77&





$77&$7$7&**&$77&&77*&77&$777*&$$7*7*7&77&7$7$7&$&*7*7*$7$$*$7$$*$*$$$*7&$777$&$&&&$$$7*&7





777*7&$$$*$$7&$*$$$*$7$$***$$777**$$&&&&7$$&*$$$$******$7$***7$$$7$7777$****7$$$$7$**&777





77*****$7$*$***$&77*$$&&&7&$&*$77777$$$*7&*$&**$7777&&7&77$&7$7$$$777&$77*77*&&**7$77*$&$7





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Fig3-3B䠊 ྛ䝥䝷䜲䝬䞊䛷ᚓ䜙䜜䛯 PCR ቑᖜ⏘≀䛾㟁ẼὋື⤖ᯝ

M䠖100bp DNA ladder䠈1䠖Salvia divinorum䠈2䠖Salvia blepharophylla;䠈3䠖Salvia azurea䠈4䠖Salvia bulleyana䠈5䠖Salvia chamaedryoides䠈6䠖Salvia coahuilensis䠈7䠖 Salvia discolor䠈8䠖Salvia elegans Honey melon sage䠈9䠖Salvia elegans Pineapple sage䠈 10䠖Salvia greggii䠈11䠖Salvia guaranitica䠈12䠖Salvia indigo spires䠈13䠖Salvia jamensis䠈 14䠖Salvia leucantha䠈15䠖Salvia madrensis䠈16䠖Salvia microphylla Hot lips䠈17䠖 Salvia microphylla Pink blush䠈18䠖Salvia nemorosa䠈19䠖Salvia nemorosa Rosenwein䠈 20 䠖Salvia nemorosa Schneehugel䠈 21 䠖Salvia patens䠈 22 䠖Salvia pratensis Rose rhapsody䠈 23 䠖Salvia pratensis Sweet esmeralda䠈 24 䠖Salvia pretensis Swan lake䠈25䠖 Salvia pratensis Twilight serenade䠈26䠖Salvia csclarea Vatican white䠈27䠖Salvia semiatrata䠈28䠖Salvia sinaloensis䠈29䠖Salvia uliginosa䠈 30䠖Salvia x superba䠈31䠖 Evolvulus pilosus䠈32䠖Olea europaea䠈33䠖Hibiscus rosa sinensis䠈34䠖Calamintha nepeta䠈35䠖Solenostemon scutellarioides䠊36䠖Angelonia angustitolia䠈37䠖Jasminum officinale䠈38䠖Mentha x piperita L䠈39䠖Ruta graveolens䠈 40 䠖Catharanthus roseus䠈 41 䠖 Eruca vesicaria䠈 42 䠖Tagetes lemmonii䠈 43 䠖

Petroselinum crispum䠈 44 䠖Perilla frutescens䠈 45 䠖Lamium purpureum䠈 46 䠖 Capsicum aunuum䠈47䠖Solanum lycopersicum䠈48䠖 Phlomis fruticosa