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Von Neumann-Jordan constant of $\ell_{p}$-$\ell_{q}$ spaces (The structure of function spaces and its environment)

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(1)72. 数理解析研究所講究録 第2041巻 2017年 72-76. Von Neumann‐Jordan constant of 岡山県立大学情報工学部 新潟大学. \ell_{p^{-} \ell_{q}. spaces. 三谷健一 (Ken‐Ichi Mitani). Okayama Prefectural University 名誉教授 斎藤吉助 (Kichi‐Suke Saito) Niigata University. 岡山県立大学. 名誉教授. 高橋泰嗣 (Yasuj \mathrm{i} Takahashi). Okayama Prefectural University. 序文. 1. バナッハ空間 Xの幾何学的性質を考察するために種々の幾何学的定数が導入されて. いる.代表的な定数として,ヒルベルト空間の特徴づけを与える von Neumann‐Jordan 定数 CNJ(X)(以下,NJ 定数) がある.この定数は様々な幾何学的性質を記述すること. ができ,James 定数などの他の定数との相互関係についても現在活発に議論されてい. る(cf. [1,3,4,5,6,9, 10,. 11. 本研究では,具体的なバナッハ空間,特に Day‐James 空間傷 \ell_{q} における Banach‐Mazur distance. \mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} 定数を. を用いて計算することを目的とする.さらに,Day‐James 空間. と2次元内積空間とのBanach‐Mazur distanceの値も決定する. Definition 1 denoted. ([2]).. by C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (X). The. von. Neumann‐Jordan. (NJ‐). constant of. a. Banach space. X,. is the smallest constant C for which. ,. \displaystyle\frac{1}{C}\leq\frac{\Vertx+y\Vert^{2}+\Vertx-y\Vert^{2} {2(\Vertx|^{2}+|y\Vert^{2}) \leqC holds for all x,. y\in X. not both 0.. Definition 2. For 1 \leq p, q\leq\infty the ,. norm. \Vert\cdot\Vert_{p} q ). defined. \Vert\cdot\Vert_{p}. is the. space. \ell_{p^{-} \ell_{q}. is the space \mathbb{R}^{2} with the. by. \Vert(x, y)\Vert_{p,q}= where. Day‐James. \ell_{p} ‐norm. on. \left{\begin{ar y}{l \Vert(x,y)\Vert_{p}\mathr {i}\mathr {f}xy\geq0,\ Vert(x,y)\Vert_{q}\mathr {i}\mathr {f}xy\leq0\tex{)} \end{ar y}\ight.. \mathbb{R}^{2}.. Yang‐Wang [14] は幾何学的定数 $\gamma$_{X}(t) を新たに導入し,これを用いて \ell_{2^{-} \ell_{1} と \ell_{\infty}-\ell_{1} \ell_{p^{-} \ell_{1} における \mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} 定数の値が Yang などによって計算された. における \mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} 定数を計算した.さらに,同様の方法により.

(2) 73. Theorem 3. (p-2)2^{2/p-2}<1 (p-2)2^{2/p-2}\geq 1 then. (ii) If. ([3, 12, 13, 15]). (i). Let. p>2 If .. ,. 1\leq p\leq 2 Then. Let. .. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}}(\ell_{p}-\ell_{1})=1+2^{2/p-2}.. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}}(\ell_{p}-\ell_{1})=1+2^{2/p-2}.. then. ,. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (\displaystyle\el_{p}-\el_{1})=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1-t_{0}^{p} {2(t_{0}-t_{0}^{p-1}) , where. t_{0}\in(0,1). is the. unique solution. to the. equation. \displaystyle \frac{(t- ^{p-1})(1+t^{\mathrm{p} )^{2/p-1} {1-t^{2} =1. In. particular,. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (\displaystyle \el _{\infty}-\el _{1})=\frac{3+\sqrt{5} {4}. 本研究では,Banach‐Mazur. distance を用いた. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (\ell_{p}-\ell_{q}) の計算方法を考える.. 結果. 2. Definition 4. For. isomorphic Banach. between X and Y , denoted taken. by d(X, Y). spaces X and Y , the Banach‐Mazur distance. is defined to be the infimum of. ,. \Vert T\Vert. .. \Vert T^{-1}\Vert. all bicontinuous linear operators T from X onto Y.. over. Lemma 5. ([5]).. If X and Y. isomorphic Banach. are. spaces, then. \displaystyle \frac{C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (X)}{d(X,Y)^{2} \leq C_{NJ}(Y)\leq C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (X)d(X, Y)^{2} In. particular,. Lemma 6. \Vert\cdot\Vert_{1}. is. an. if X and Y. ([5]).. Let. equivalent. are. isometric, then C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (X)=C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (Y). X=(X, \Vert norm on. be. .. a. Banach space and let. satisfying,. X. for $\alpha$,. .. X_{1}=(X, \Vert\cdot\Vert_{1}). ,. where. $\beta$>0,. $\alpha$\Vert x\Vert \leq \Vert x\Vert_{1}\leq $\beta$\Vert x\Vert, x\in X. Then. \displayst le\frac{$\alpha$^{2}{$\beta$^{2}C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}(X)\leqC_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}(X_{1})\leq\frac{$\beta$^{2}{$\alpha$^{2}C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}(X) Lemma. 6を用いて, \mathbb{R}^{2} 上の absolute. できる.簡単のため, C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} ( \mathb {R}^{2}, \Vert. .. norm. を C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}. .. に関する \mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} 定数の公式を与えることが とかく..

(3) 74. Definition 7. A any x,. norm. \Vert. .. \Vert. on. \mathbb{R}^{2} is said. to be absolute if. \Vert (|x|, |y|)\Vert. =. \Vert(x, y. for. y\in \mathbb{R}.. (cf. [7, 8]).. Theorem 8. following. Let. \Vert.. \Vert\cdot\Vert_{H}. be absolute. norms on. \mathbb{R}^{2}. Assume that the. .. hold:. (i) ( \mathbb{R}^{2} \Vert\cdot\Vert_{H}) ). is. (ii) $\alpha$\Vert(x, y)\Vert_{H}. an. \leq. inner. product. space.. \Vert(x, y \leq $\beta$\Vert(x, y)\Vert_{H}. for any. (x, y). \in. \mathbb{R}^{2}. ( $\alpha$, $\beta$. are. the best. con‐. stants). (iii). In. (ii). it satisfies either. $\beta$\Vert(1,0)\Vert_{H}=\Vert(1,0. and. $\alpha$\Vert(1,0)\Vert_{H}. =. \Vert(1,0. $\alpha$\Vert(0,1)\Vert_{H}. and. =. \Vert(0,1. or. $\beta$\Vert(0,1)\Vert_{H}=\Vert(0,1. Then. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} =\displaystyle\frac{$\beta$^{2}{$\alpha$^{2}. この定理を用いて, \ell_{p^{-} \ell_{q} のNJ 定数を計算する. \ell_{p} ‐ちと \ell_{q^{-} \ell_{p} はisometric より C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (\ell_{q}-\ell_{p})= C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (l_{p}-\ell_{q}) よって 1\leq q\leq p<\infty の場合のみ考えればよい. 1\leq q\leq p<\infty に対して, \mathbb{R}^{2} のノルム \Vert\cdot\Vert_{X} を .. \Vert(x, y)\Vert_{X}=\Vert T ( x y ) \Vert_{p,q}= ). \left\{begin{ar y}{l \VertT(x,y)\Vert_{p}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{f}|x\geq|y,\ \VertT(x,y)\Vert_{q}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{f}|x\leq|y \end{ar y}\right.. と定義する.ここで. T(x, y)=\displaystyle \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} (x-y, x+y). .. \ell_{p} ‐ちと (\mathbb{R}^{2}, \Vert\cdot\Vert x) はisometric より C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (l_{p}-l_{q})=C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} \Vert x ) である. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} のノルム \ma t h bb{ R } ^ { 2 } 算することでCNJ (\ell_{p}-\ell_{q}) の値を決定する.また, \Vert\cdot\Vert_{H} を .. .. \Vert x ) を計. \Vert(x, y)\Vert_{H}=\sqrt{2^{2/p-1}x^{2}+2^{2/q-1}y^{2}} (1\leq q\leq p<\infty) と定義する.. \Vert\cdot\Vert_{X}. と. \Vert\cdot\Vert_{H}. はabsolute. ノルムであり,( \mathbb{R}^{2} \Vert\cdot\Vert_{H} ) は内積空間である. ). これらのノルムをTheorem 8に適用することにより次の結果を得る. Theorem 9. If. 1\leq q\leq 2, q\leq p<\infty and. 2^{2/p-2/q}(p-1)\leq 1. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (\displaystyle\el_{p}-\el_{q})=\frac{2^{2/p}(t_{0}^{2}+2^{2/q-2/p}) {( 1+t_{0})^{q}+(1-t_{0})^{q})^{2/q}. ,. then. ,. where. In. particular,. t_{0}=\displaystyle \sup\{t\in(0,1):\frac{(2^{2/q-2/p}-t)(1+t)^{q-1} {(2^{2/q-2/p}+t)(1-t)^{q-1} \leq 1\}.. if 1 \leq q\leq p\leq 2 , then. (1). holds.. (1).

(4) 75. Corollary. ([3, 12, 13, 15]).. 10. If either 1\leq p\leq 2. ,. or. p>2 and. 2^{2/p-2}(p-1). \leq 1,. then. C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J}}(\ell_{p}-\ell_{1})=1+2^{2/p-2}. 2^{2/p-2/q}(p-1). 1. \leq q\leq 2, q\leq p<\infty, 元内積空間 H に対して. \leq 1 とする.Theorem 8より,すべての2次. d(\ell_{p}-l_{q}, H)=\sqrt{C_{\mathrm{N}\mathrm{J} (\ell_{p}-\ell_{q})}. 参考文献 [1]. J.. Alonso,. P.. P. L.. Martín,. Papini, Wheeling around. in Banach spaces, Studia Math. 188. [2]. J. A.. Clarkson,. of Math. 38. [3]. S.. The. (1937),. von. (2008),. von. Neumann‐Jordan constant. 135‐150.. Neumann‐Jordan constant. for. the Lebes 9^{ue} space, Ann.. 114‐115.. Dhompongsa, P. Piraisangjun, S. Saejung, Generalized Jordan‐von Neumann uniform normal structure, Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 67 (2003),. constants and. 225‐240.. [4]. A.. Jiménez‐Melado,. Llorens‐Fuster, S. Saejung, The von Neumann‐Jordan con‐ orthogonality and normal structure in Banach spaces, Proc. Amer.. stant, weak. Math. Soc. 134. [5]. M.. Kato,. E.. L.. (2006),. 355‐364.. Maligranda,. Y.. Takahashi, On James and Jordan‐von. stants and the normal structure. (2001), [6]. M.. Kato,. K.‐I.. Y.. Takahashi, On the. Mitani, K.‐S. Saito,. K.‐S.. Saito,. normalized. [9]. Y.. M.. Kato,. norms on. Y.. von. (1997),. Y.. generalized Banaś‐Fr@czek. [8]. Neumann. con‐. Banach spaces, Studia Math. 144. 275‐295.. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 125. [7]. coefficient of. Neumann‐Jordan constant. Takahashi, On. the. von. Banach spaces,. Neumann‐Jordan constant. spaces, Linear Nonlinear Anal. 2. Takahashi,. (2016),. 244. (2000),. of. 311‐316.. Von Neumann‐Jordan constant. \mathb {C}^{2} J. Math. Anal. Appl. ,. for. 1055‐1062.. of. absolute. 515‐532.. Takahashi, Some geometric constants of Banach spaces‐A unified approach, II, 191‐220, Yokohama Publ., Yokohama, 2008.. Banach and function spaces.

(5) 76. [10]. Y.. Takahashi,. M.. Kato, Von Neumann‐Jordan. Banach spaces, Nihonkai Math. J. 9. [11]. Y.. Takahashi,. M.. James constants. [12] [13] [14]. of. a. Banach space, J. Math. Anal.. Yang, An inequality between smoothness, J. Math. Anal. Appl.. C.. Yang,. H.. C.. Yang,. F.. C.. uniformly. non‐square. Neumann‐Jordan and. von. Appl.. 359. (2009),. 602‐609.. the James type constant and the modulus 398. Li, On the James type. (2013),. constant. of. 622‐629.. of \ell_{p^{-} \ell_{1}. ,. J.. Inequal. Appl.. 2015:. (2015). Wang, On. a. new. geometric. Jordan constant, J. Math. Anal.. [15]. constant and. 155‐169.. Kato, A simple inequality for the. C.. Article ID 79. (1998),. Yang, F. Wang, Spaces, Mediterr. J.. The. von. Appl.. constant related to the. 324. (2006),. Neumann‐Jordan constant. Math. 13. (2016),. 1127‐1133.. von. Neumann‐. 555‐565.. for. a. class. of Day‐James.

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