原始惑星系円盤の物理・化学構造モデル
全文
(2) . . . . .
(3) 606ῌ8502 . e-mail: [email protected].
(4) . !"#$. %&'()*+,- .
(5) /0123456789":;&'<=> ?@AB CD .EFGHB IJ#KLMNOPQRST U,V6 7W", MN&'XYZ[RST\]^. 1. ῌ. ). Tqrst2P. ! 1990 "#$%&'(. 300 4. 56 789:;. 6->. ! B@ -T. )L8o'3NO56;Ebcd6 56. o'MP. ῍ ! ?@. 8. 65 ). ;Q52R28S56;!. cd6-> _`P. X¡B P¢. 5 M@£QEP. X¤¥UX7*8@. hio'9¦1B o'uvw. TT3U@ VWX ZVW[\] ^!_`)aNO56. !. 5- v$'{ 5 ). IJG 56 K)L8MN. ;Q. TE). a NO$4\%'3F. 1. ABCDE@FGH OP. Ebcd6. hV( IJG>ja5. *+,-. 2008 9 /0123. 56<=->. !. hio'duvw3B}vVU. !"#$%ῌ.
(6) . NO56. Y Eb. O:§¨"©'#B}vV¨"m( Mª8,;! ;3<7. Y3. ! VW[\ef"M#g,. @ «¬¦M=>;X¤¥8 >,-. E A$hijk. F-9a o'd52R28V5. %l 100 AU $m&no'MNOP NO(pqrst). ! . 6->. ! T6d)a o'8. E T)L8o'. U®4d8¯-F;! ;Ec¢u. 3uvw)V@xyO*9)z{+|,-. vw¨"©'#d@ o'uv. , B-.MNOP. w°OB±²³´P. ! 5d.x. yO* hi}v/~ |}v 0B ). o'}v8 $M. - 166)L8. µ?@d6. ! 2;. V(@ }v°OB¶ o'm8 }vf"´P. µ?M·;dP! 5d. VA¸¹B®1ºAMB=P. TE. ῍1 The Extrasolar Planets Encyclopedia (http://exoplanet.eu)! 101 ». 12 ¼. 747.
(7)
(8) . mJKE 7?@'^#. . $A (1,000 K) EBH (100 K).
(9) . !"#$ % &'(. HI'^#$OF $I , .S T L. Cn. aDE T E . )*
(10) +,-./0. #$.. 12345,267 8 . L F %NGH.
(11) 9 : ;<=6>?@A. .S I1Cp . B$ C-. DE )*. J. 123. F GHI J. KLM. NOPQ. 7)ῌ10). U ? ,12345 8. 1IH#$. T L. . NOK$OFR. 2.
(12) . 2.1. . xAE 7HI '. ,/0HI
(13) + ":LR.S. ^ '^ OA#$.. E 12345 8 )*. LJA'^ #I BS. T. -OT E 7HI ^MNO. !. L123. E ,#$U"HIAB$O. . GaDEE&T xV'^. , ,#VW. BSI$&PQR?E?TS.$ 10. 123 . $ . XYE 1980 %. m -./ defgER '^. IRAS Z&[\ ]SO)*. OHI,#$ E CT. 1). HI '^(4 ,#$._ )R . #$.2) ?E 1995 . *`abI$. ISO Z&c+,\ . TU ..S¡I$3) 2.2. . T. pX. 7HI ^6mR¢. ,#$. 10 mm -./ defg '^. £#$ T 7¤e¥¦ §E xV. 01.S 1232h#$ i. ¨ ©ªX '^ O. j 3^4545kl .T L. , WI$O ªJEa. . 6mRn$ .. 3)ῌ6). . X. ISO )*HI . X«0¬ X. X EYi Z )JX[ $I I'®#$.&¯. JK 7o'& ,pqrI$.. °3±6XJ)JJ²\ A. i jp 8a'(stuvw6c+'(. aDE T E A . x?&HI7o&B.-. Ys³Y)J ]Yg´µ¦ K '^. ./ #XyXJK ,z{AB. ^¶ _ · H#$. $O $U" HI JK ,. ?! aDEFOE 6¸J . E x|e-}~|e- -./AB$O. ,#$X[@`= . . $I -./E)R JK9. o ²\ ¯°3±6¹ºa«b . o: .S ;<. T. 50 AU U'9 %=>T ?T. ?&¦,#$AJKE. H6mH-. % &,. C7HI ©ªX . 748. ET. ¨a»&TS.$. ¼. 2008 12 ¼.
(14)
(15) . & ~ +, R +. . + lm 7$- .. . 10), 11). !"
(16) #$%& '. N$XY)NZJ /NXY). ()*+,-./ $!
(17) &. lm2xyQv>Gf$=K15), 16) 3.
(18) 012. Gf=t%N$ 1
(19). 345 67 & 8. Z $/bOP2LMN(|23. $9:;< 2=>? @A B 6. $G $2. C ;DE F$GHI. 0N135!Gf$= & #. JK
(20) . AcCV$2Q.Gf$=. & $LMNOP2 5 . 4f. QR ST UVNW . 335&R 1
(21) Z.
(22) $LMNOP2 GK XY)NZ. $OP2LM$d$i . 2[$& \ ] =^_B. FaCJ" b. =. /&2 / @A. 3.
(23) . !2 =. $F G". $# R5
(24) sGf. ` FaC " b !. $= $ E 23Q. & "#AcC$d=B=V5e 3. 2s 4$ ¡5& G" $#. Gf=V&. !2` FaC. R5 ¢
(25) £
(26) ¤ ¥¦5. gN$hi235!. 5 8=§ d5e. ` FaCgNjk $lm. ¨63&2s . J nop qE Nrs.
(27) &211), 17) ©ª 1 «¬. t%& 1980 &uv>ws12)ῌ14) 3. 5& /& a $&. Gf=xy& 8$z'{#A cCVN(. ® Gf=7(V$HI 4f. ) $|}2* 5+,J! 5#&. ¯8$& $%&°± `². ª1. º 101 ».
(28) & @A X ³/´ ³µ¶¨$GHI ·ª& XY) lm$G. 9¸ 1, 10, 100 AU $%¹
(29) =/ fdust $-
(30) &2 º 12 ¼. 749.
(31) D2. F6@ uv&)* g6 45]wx& )* ºD-./0XY 3 c 1, 10, 100 AU F)45] fdust 7+ '<A*.
(32) . rQtk]Y @II .
(33) . 'uv&)* XY456wx. !. &)3y XYz{| ^_ fdust. "#$%&'()*. 45k])* K uv\CX. +,-./0#12 3 4. YQ}@ ~]6< 7. 56 fdust 7 89:;<. <A 6 fdust s}&)*. fdust=1.0 >?&)'@3A /0B. ~)< fdust K. C#D 2 E& * FF. 5)*. 11). G
(34) HI
(35) J KL)* F6 MNOPQ RS
(36) TM. 4.
(37). N ' U
(38) V)WXYZ[5. gK z $%. ) (i) W\
(39) ]6^_Q6. &!"'@ 8!". ` (zaz fric; b D 2 c 1 AU K z fric /. &)#&)*. xd0.5) F6 8^%ef. 8 KS
(40). PQK 89
(41) '&)* g
(42) J. 56) 8IK)* . F)Q 89Q'hi. 88#s3]6 8K. 3) ( fdustj1/rgas)* (ii) XYQk. Y . PQWXYZ[5)
(43) J (zlzfric) K. @6* K ¢¡#£¤sXk¥¦. fdust m)n
(44) `o&) ( f dust j1/z)* (i). FY G3SU§ K ¨©. (ii)
(45) JF68 pq. ^%K)3y ª«/0#1¬,. rQXYst6qrQK 'uv@. $6)®¤sx]k¯°*. Q63y ! ¡". FY 89'h #I* (iii). SU 8%±²³'@ ´. XY 6
(46) J 7zlzcoag; D 2 c 1 AU. 4 µ ²³(6)¶ (i) 8. K zcoag/xd0.2A K uvXYspq. 8·8'pX)&%± (ii) ¸¹. 750. »(¼). 2008 * 12 ¼.
(47) (iii) X
(48) (iv) . ! "#$%. &'()* +X ,- ./0 123$45678 (i)ῌ(iii) 9:( ;%<=9:>?@A& B 8CDDED=FG%& HIJKL M-NOPQRS 8 TUVWJ 2 XU YP8 TZ$,-1[-$\=]'()*. ^_`>N O!YP8 a($bc def"ghi =]./N> jKW<=9:8)*. kj8gl>?@A& m no* NpqB HI rs (Jtu vwsxV? jN8w kj8wsyJ (C?z%{118) J |
(49) }~s8?
(50) }~ n.+. HI8 a( $bc B V o + = ( = B y 119), 20) C&B 8$Vn- JKL "#$%&'()* +X ,- 1 23$456>?@A&J( CC 23$45679 :?yJ8 . ! gl )* /. X @A& 567./ >|gl /%P"#$%& ¤3. º 101 ». 56¥¦ 30 AU KWtu vw §¨©ª 8«¬®¯> °±w "#$%&)* ,-' W| 567tu vw8 <)* ?glL²³ 567L= fdust L /v`? )* ^_´µ'V= M¶· 8«¬®¯¸¹%&8; º 12 ¼. )* /X 'W| )* /X <==? ?C . 1! 567 ?. (y 56<=0 YP> )*
(51) 0 {J/v`y C ¡( 9:8w%& w¢?£ ? 751.
(52) . v*D= e/K".
(53)
(54) . = EAZC
(55) $FG e. . BH> fL0 . . !
(56) "# $%. v ](] %&'IGJM+#. &'( )*+. " (ii) $L K. ". v= e*#" =. ,- 2, 3 ./0$123456
(57) 56 7. 8#9:0. $BK>=%&'A
(58) C] (20 K) CO f =JM8 eLM:;. ; $%&'( <+"234=. dN (iii) e/. >?@&A
(59) =B CA . $=4 (" = BH/. $
(60) =:. LP">IO $|K> (]. 0 D%&'( <+0E7= @&A. zO+#" P+#" ,.
(61) =F
(62) =:0 G. -LMN= 2 ./0$:;12. 3 HIJ KL 56MN "#
(63) O. 34]7Q. 56 9:0MN
(64) P
(65) $. ; *+%R=$>. K. 1 yQ z=S:0 ". 0 UV=,- !W. T 9 ~ " # ALMA G ¡ ¢ @ £ X Y. $%&'() 9"#. %Z[\XY%¤¥5J CyQ zZC. %&'/@&QRRST 11). 5. . 5.1.
(66) . x
(67) = $>L
(68) ¦U t0 §&¨© ª«o¬VRBQ . zW }~3/q$X AU ®. 1 .*$0 XY%Z[\XY%. 1`L aY¯
(69) K. %&'= (] )^* +. 0. % ,-." /_01`a2b/ c. $>=?°BH/"0±. / GAGB /JZ3/d/ef(g45h. %&'A
(70) =FG*CA (100 K) %&. / i j]klmnop 6/aqrs. 'IG² =/#³´,23). f Ktut78LKtut
(71) . 1`= /_0K0?V e. K U*90 v,wK#" t. G/_0J 0(µ1 *. 0 x
(72) ayQ z{|." }~3. "ZK. /q$L*Ktut
(73) . 5.2. . :0 L
(74) MN $. /_0(µ"#¶[$. :;1R< =. #·] 1980 \]VX "]@¸D/. . _0 G¹©'ZJ ºlZ[omº. 0 t
(75) MN2. 9. L= ^_ v. 3456W $>=?{@. `a*bL:024), 25) . t 1` AK. = (a) } / »cdet. t (i) $B* CO C. f?+#0* (b) (a) . 0. 21), 22). 752. 7g¼<. 2008 \ 12 ¼.
(76) 4. &
(77) 12 /® &
(78) ( "n/012¯/567< 8 9 E 567<NOB# 12¯&°®:± 567B²³ 567< /c©LM: E NOB:A ´µ/B® # ¶c&
(79) 12 /NOB< !E/c 1ῌ10 . · &¸g²Dn ¹¥¦pn º#.
(80) . q&
(81) 12C& uv/Cwxy3z. !" # (i). ?{|}~H 567 89:"/.
(82) . 26). $% &
(83) '()*+,-./0123. LM. //4/567 89:"; 567. E!An#. < = > ? @ : A (a) / B
(84) # (ii) CA/0123&
(85) DEFGH567@I. ! &. ! J9K. ! ab. A &
(86) 12 /o c NOB E!A n29) 4 F# (i) 1ῌ10 . 5. 567</LM# LM:"/. 67<DELM:"/c 3/. NO: (b) /B
(87) #. iC=>4/NOB: 1ῌ10 . PQ ISO C6RSTUVWXYZ[ \. ... !# PQ pq&
(88). ]^_`^abc 4d&Be fghij. 12 c/ocn. kVl3567< (a) m/8.
(89) n4 ¡E!# (ii). # $". 123z]¢£¤¥¦§N ¨. /oc pq&
(90) 12rsg t. /©LMcª« 567*. ¬. 9:AnBED :". » 101 f. » 12 ¼. 27), 28). 753.
(91)
(92) . . . d6V9. . )L 3PQ: Q).. ! "#$%&'(). #$%*+$ ,- ./-0 1
(93) 23. .j%Ej%0 Qj ! 12yVv. / EL) >/>/.{. . -45 6 78 HCN 9 CH3OH :. / 3¡4 Tom.
(94) ;<=>?@$A: BCD. Millar x.¢£¤ ¢5$. ./ EF #
(95) GH
(96) 23- I. ¥b ¦§. ?A:JK-%L> . ¬®.6¯.°±) )/ ²³. 30). 5.3.
(97) . ¨©ª«* E. ´µ¶7:0/«* x. EL). . ·8 .>/>/«*¸ ¹?º»>. MNOPQ RSTUH
(98) 6. /.). VWX Y> Z%L UGH
(99) [\. !J.. >/
(100) U]^0UH
(101) _ <. 1)] . ./
(102) ` a 1ῌ10 /b ]cde
(103) ` fgh :ij ] kl>P UH
(104) 6VWX- I ? 6 mML ./-0 UH
(105) $%. 'ML
(106) n=!> o. ]. CD"pq-I rsML 31). EE U] Uo. tuvW. w#@/b x23CD"pq y$zQ{%:| @ Z%L .$.xCD }:~dz&-'% : (/ ALMA UH
(107) )$%
(108) n= p& ALMA P*:
(109) n =CD UH
(110) +$6VWXz , > yg M% :- rsML. 6. . . . c.{. ]U@>. /@>i@@Sb /RSTUg - x 754. 1) Kusaka T., Nakano T., Hayashi C., 1970, Prog. Theor. Phys. 44, 1580 2) Kenyon S. J., Hartmann L., 1987, ApJ 323, 714 3) Chiang E. I., Goldreich P., 1997, ApJ 490, 368 4) D’Alessio P., Canto ´J., Calvet N., Lizano S., 1998, ApJ 500, 411 5) Nomura H., 2002, ApJ 567, 587 6) Dullemond C. P., van Zadelho# G. J., Natta A., 2002, A&A 389, 464 7) Kamp I., Dullemond C. P., 2004, ApJ 615, 991 8) Gorti U., Hollenbach D., 2004, ApJ 613, 424 9) Glassgold A. E., Najita J., Igea J., 2004, ApJ 615, 972 10) Nomura H., Millar T. J., 2005, A&A 438, 923 11) Nomura H., Aikawa Y., Tsujimoto M., Nakagawa Y., Millar T. J., 2007, ApJ 661, 334 12) Nakagawa Y., Nakazawa K., Hayashi C., 1981, Icarus 45, 517 13) Weidenschilling S. J., 1997, Icarus 127, 290 14) Nomura H., Nakagawa Y., 2006, ApJ 640, 1099 15) Tanaka H., Himeno Y., Ida S., 2005, ApJ 625, 414 16) Dullemond C. P., Dominik C., 2005, A&A 434, 971 17) Aikawa Y., Nomura H., 2006, ApJ 642, 1152 18) Tanaka M., Hasegawa T., Hayashi S. S., Brand P. W. J. L., Gatley I., 1989, ApJ 336, 207 19) Bary J. S., Weintraub D. A., Kastner J. H., 2003, ApJ 586, 1136 20) Itoh Y., Sugitani K., Ogura K., Tamura M., 2003, PASJ 55, L77 21) Dutrey A., Guilloteau S., Guelin M., 1997, A&A 317, L55 22) Aikawa Y., van Zadelho# G. J., van Dishoeck E. F., 9:¼;. 2008 12 ¼.
(111) Herbst E., 2002, A&A 386, 622 23) Markwick A. J., Ilgner M., Millar T. J., Henning T., 2002, A&A 385, 632 24) Blake G. A., Sutton E. C., Masson C. R., Phillips T. T., 1987, ApJ 315, 621 25) Macdonald G. H., Gibb A. G., Habing R. J., Millar T. J., 1996, A&AS 119, 333 26) Brown P. D., Charnley S. B., Millar T. J., 1988, MNRAS 231, 409 27) Gibb E. L., Whittet D. C. B., Boogert A. C. A., Tielens A. G. G. M., 2004, ApJS 151, 35 28) Boogert A. C. A., et al., 2008, ApJ 678, 985 29) Nomura H., Millar T.J., 2004, A&A 414, 409 30) van der Tak F. F. S., van Dishoeck E. F., Caselli P., 2000, A&A, 361, 327 31) Nomura H., Aikawa Y., Nakagawa Y., Millar T. J., 2008, A&A, submitted. ῎ 101 ῌ. ῎ 12 ῍. Modeling Physical and Chemical Structure of Protoplanetary Disks Hideko NOMURA Department of Astronomy, Kyoto University, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606ῌ8502, Japan Abstract : Planets are thought to be being formed in protoplanetary disks which are associated with young stars. Recent technological development of infrared and radio observations has made it possible to analyze dust emission and molecular transition lines from the disks in detail. Here, I would like to introduce the recent progress of modeling physical and chemical structure of the disks as well as observational diagnostics of the disk structure by means of the molecular lines.. 755.
(112)
関連したドキュメント
MANGA Kyoto University (English ver.)( 3. The Chimpanzee Story : the Kyoto University Primate Research Institute ). Kyoto University and Kyoto Seika University
MANGA Kyoto University (English ver.)( 1. Let's Go to the Children's Museum! ). Kyoto University and Kyoto Seika University
Kyoto University, Kyoto,
In 1989 John joined Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, and started his career in computer science.. In Edinburgh John mostly focused
Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University...
KMS-MSJ Joint Meeting 2012.. Physicists) Analyze RW on disordered media Survey: Ben-Avraham and S... (Use HK
Therefore Corollary 2.3 tells us that only the dihedral quandle is useful in Alexander quandles of prime order for the study of quandle cocycle invariants of 1-knots and 2-knots..
In Section 3 we use this set up to prove Theorem 3.1, which characterizes the boundaries of graphs of harmonic functions using the moment conditions arising from conservation laws..