• 検索結果がありません。

幼稚園での栽培活動を通して子どもは何を学ぶか : 3歳児クラス, 4歳児クラスの「おイモほり」の活動をめぐって

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2021

シェア "幼稚園での栽培活動を通して子どもは何を学ぶか : 3歳児クラス, 4歳児クラスの「おイモほり」の活動をめぐって"

Copied!
10
0
0

読み込み中.... (全文を見る)

全文

(1)³´’µ¶u· ¸¹º‘»¼º No. , pp.  ῍ , .

(2). 

(3)   ῌῌ      ! .  "#$

(4) ῌῌ %. &. What Do Young Children Learn from Planting Activities in Preschool ? ῌῌ On the Group Activity of “Oimo῍hori” by Three῍ and Four῍year Old Children. ῌῌ Masako SUGA. & Gelman,  ; € ,  ; %  ;.    . Inagaki & Hatano, S_. R)*GH|H;/y ῌ   

(5)   . >TIY‚ƒdH

(6)   GH „LTI. '()*+,-./0

(7)  1234. B[5 ;†‡ ˆ‰9/Š‹. 56

(8) 789:;/<=>)*?@9:.  †‡Œo<Ž ;/MD>T. ;)*A BC/+,D>:0. IY^> Q‘’“ S_ TAL:. EF GH5;/0

(9)  ! IJK. ;” ‚ƒD>+,3 Piaget /{. >AL:MNO : /BC5. •dH>–5;~9:+,3I+. P$

(10) . — ’^[t/

(11)   '(h˜+,-.. QRS GH5 D>T. IUC512 VW

(12) 0>:0. /0

(13) ™dH>~ešjI:$

(14) 0>_.  I0$FXYZ[<\ ]"

(15) ^F.  :Y5 GH5RY0/›œd. QSpelke, ,  ; Wellman,  ; Perner,. H>I0L+a m/>I TH/e0.  ; Hatano & Inagaki, S_ 789:.

(16)  Ežd5/dH

(17) 0>=x. ;I

(18) ` \ a`:Ybc. :0_ 789)*BC›œ Ÿj

(19) 0>. IdH GH5;/0

(20) RY0e. 5aœ9 ¡Yˆ‰

(21) 0>:0. f5gh^> EF GH5R.  I0L¢£¤¥/¦=H

(22) ^

(23) 0>Y. Yij

(24) 0>klAL: I0$. QCarey & Spelke,  ; §Z‘¨©  ;. F mY]79/XdH>TII:$F_ G. Hatano & Inagaki, S ‚M; ’^[. no -.p/A$

(25) qr6st:>uv. ªj>:0_ EF 5aœ9 . wdH

(26) 0>Y `;/x>R. ¡YG

(27) «¬Y Ÿj>I

(28)  G­. y> R`! zB0  {5. G)*YA ®¯dH

(29) 0[°±/A. R\  f5 Ra`  f. Ÿj5H> G°±/0

(30) )*9. 5 GH|H}

(31)

(32) 0>:0I0. ²¯ QCarey,  S! IJK>AL:’^:². LY~9:6sI:$

(33) 0> QWellman. ¯h"5H> I0$FZ[ mYE.

(34).     ;  ;. ^¼’. C ;€?|}. Inagaki & Hatano, 

(35) . X! {*8†2*W>\?.  . .ƒK?‡<P@E?R3PR.   !"#$. H$ ˆ‰\ a‚ AŠBC. %& Carey, , 

(36) '(. %& Vigotsky, ,  ; Cole,  ; Rogoff,. 

(37)  )*+,-..  ; Case,  ; Gauvain, 

(38) 7 . /0123. %R+AŠ?PK$ . 4.  Carey,  ; Case,  ; Coley, 

(39) C ‹$ 3X!. ῌ  

(40) . %&7 -Vˆ‰MyAŠ1. 567 89:;<=>?. $  +;€(@cD. @A@=>%B@CD. $ EF4%& Œ8FG*. E3 F3 GH +IJ. )-H1=>F. K?L37M?N1C JO. TvIŽ[. ?PQ6=> !RS T=>UV "#1R@ -QW.E3 H$%&56 X!Y'(Z[. ῍   !" JKJ‘^’vR@l?)( P“#[& J‘^”V+ˆ‰. %&56 %&6\%&Q6). LMP@•–—NO˜. ] +

(41) .^  _*`.   /™ 

(42) +˜P JK•–. +$  + 5). J‘^’vR%Cšˆ‰. 1%&Q6C7,aX&-. ›œL 7ˆ‰My! %. 5@!bL.Rc/0N. R+šc/Q?R4bL.  Carey, 

(43)  dR+5.   

(44) . 61eZ&+1 5. JK%O˜—N. 6! 'f2N134gh. V34 3Li %&56 . bL 3Li +

(45). -Hži cH ŸS—N‚ ›œ. jF]EkD*+l0m-n.  <?ˆ‰Myc/¡&Z¢ž. 5I[ 

(46) o.6D. E£! 

(47)  JK•. pq7rs[ 

(48) o.. –%¤¥ŸS—N•–¦T§. 8tK*u9Kpqr v. ¨UV%& +!e@1C—. $  Carey,   . N ©d1xª?,L $l«&.  ; 

(49) . WUV F3 +T X¬. C c. X! 56. 3—N[4R0–­@EC $Y. '%

(50) :jP]EkD*+l. ®AZ4,a?IŽ. 0m-nw85I +. + +X!—NFG ^%.

(51) xy+?zL@{W2+. ’vR3e%&56y1c<A. R+R[?|} F3. Š?m3C$ . +X!0m-n?rpq8ta\u9. + [=> %&56y1J. aPK[ CR+?~. KO˜—N-H?\C. vrpq6DP[ . P¯ž JK%  %°± ². 43;€ 5IkD*0. ³´°±

(52) &‚ —N?&[¢ +—N. m-nW ?c< =F‚ .ƒW. ?]’vR3evX!µ¶. >\? @?zL „C@E. @C ·5'¸¹º»1.

(53) ()»M< N  ‡^¼. ῍ῌ. 

(54)    .  0  {|†-‘*  #. . rz #ry)z32U  IC ’“n.  . !.  "#$. %&' 

(55) ()*+,

(56) . ”)X4 •5–x ῏ $6 ΐ 7)' ῌ

(57)  . &-. / 0*1)' 2. . !"#$%

(58).    3,4  5. x ——8#;). 0 &*+, 36 78 8  9. )Ž ˜˜!™# 3. : ;< =  >?@AB. U  #;š0  ;› #. CD . 

(59) E+F <. ;) J Nt0

(60) 4[ . GHIJ,  < KL. t 3   &90'. M)  50 J CD 2)@. :#;š0 › [Jœ9. ABNOPQRST+; ). ;  ;  <9.; 3,{L. !&3NOU J0. 90&=J,; >?[,–@)†.  &):);  VW. -ž. ) < =-.. ῍

(61) &'()*+,. @ABNOU ;&. @AB&A):

(62) _

(63)  :.  XY Z 2[,. U BŸ    U . \

(64)   ]) .   {|;†-* . N^_T )`

(65) . )1 J:; &

(66) [#  : )Ž 3 :; 1). . . FC‹ Jn: ¡› 0  †-$  ‹ J:  90¢p 3:;. ῌ   a F ( ῑ bcdeSc ῒῑ . &1D'  ;. f  ῐ῎  g ῐῑ h ῒ bcdeSc ῑῐ. 2 f‹ J: );

(67) h :.  f  ῏ΐ  g ῏῔ h ῑ bcdeSU.

(68) ; 90¢p   :.  !i() ῏ ^ ῏ deS$j.

(69) ;¡›  3£0EU. & ῐῒ k;   l;" ῐ deS. Œ. mnopq 2 #r)$s. ῎

(70) &'()*-./0.  ῒ bcdeSc ῑ bc J%(. f ῐ h ) @AB_

(71)  E f. f῏h.  &:

(72) ; ¤ :. F ()tOu&& ῐ 'c)' . ;&1' hfῐh U  ¥¦ ῍  . F ( !ideS) v.  < &*+,' ΐ (w ῏ῐ (x LX#ry)z$s{|F #r. †-& §"'J ¨ F©[, ῑ UEªn«) 3,J; J > G¬4y)z&­¨ HI[® ῑ UHI¯ Ah . °±² . * #r}  !ideS*~. f——8[##;&:

(73) ;  . .€

(74) eS+S‚nSƒ .. ¡  J Bh 5°±²  f. : 3c„, #)†- #r. &:

(75) ; ¡  Jh Ch. z #r ‡" !ideS.-. N^E f7&³ J%  .   !eˆn‰Š_  . &:

(76) ;´I Jh )'. #r) >‹ /Œ 0I. 3,µ,$¶·ªn«& ῏ JUF©[.  , J N x1). , #rz 3, ῏ JU;&J!i. 22Ž 2t. ªn«&K E¸L)¹º ƒL.

(77) ῍ῌ. ».   

(78) . J¼m. Table ῎  0 M  $ ῒ -  Ž  V  ~. ῐ   . ῌ me5‘~$’9 . ῏ . >5“9%”•– ῍ :_e.  !"#$%&'( ". ;t‘V$—˜ ῎ ™9<U ῏ “9'). )* % +,  -./ 01. ‘=•– >5>?“9 š$%›.

(79) 23456789. @%œE $&2e•– ῐ “9). ῍  

(80) . ‘=•– ῑ A‘=ž 5.  ῐ   : -./(;< &. =>"?; (@$,. Table ῎.  A" #B, C(DE. ῌ !,$-.#/0*12 >5“9)”E5  eI£¤ % n5’ 9e =m L }¥V$'   !* >* ¦§*  ῍ 34-56/7*8 >5“9 :Fe;tC $:Fe;t%C %•G }¥V$' †¨Q !"%>* ;t]©‰ª) *  ῎ 92:; “9b«¬™9'(}¥V$' * eM&*  ῏ <2=>/?@A >5>?“9'( š$%›@) $ >5“9­®5  Q -H5’9}¥V$' "¯5§¦°* ±±²* ³‰´(A*  ῐ <2B>/?@A Y)>5“9 ~ Ye µI)Q ¤%H¶M•GL }¥V$' (·

(81) * L$·

(82) * ( f¸*  ῑ C/?DEF >5“9%A‘=%&~$ ¹— ºQ%}¥V$'. * %FG ῎    ῐ  ) HIJK* L. -./ (+, M % )$D%NHOP M QLHIJRS% ῐ T UV$W-./XM NH OP F Y ῐ Z[\6])\6]^ )DE ῑ Z[\6])#_L# LDXM$ Y[ `a$ D% ')$%b K !"!LcdMeV%#$( f5 HIJ%ghi$D )$ 0j%  ῐ  %) k&l0'( A m'n`o* p)M" p)M"A" NHOP. qr>% & B Dn`o* NH OPM" q(M s C tu* v wQ *NHOP5. m'>5LDE'(. q(rs5V$(x;  ) 5M‡ˆ‰ŠL-ŽŸ%  ῌ. 

(83) 23 B¡C(+, Figure ῎ 0V. !"#$%&'( )  *+ >5Q%) "Q%(yE. $z* %{+, [. /0)%|5 }1V%'( 2~5 3€4 ‚%5gh')  5ƒ(„,$, 6 #L †$%7 8M$‡ˆ‰Š‹-.(5Œ  (. Figure ῎. C(¢E$.

(84) .·¸ ¹/,

(85) ºfT »

(86) Œ¼?.  

(87) .

(88)

(89). ;0LŽi=>1.  ῌ . TŠ 9D; 3 jG.  !"#$%& 'F'()*. >JKL‘ l EFG>. , P+ ) ῍ , -. . /[’ 3G>Z ;1 /“. !"#/$0 'F'()* , p. Cf 3HI/”!G>l0•". + )1 2 345 ' 67 8) . –T$1 fT/HI6?=f9D;. 9

(90) :;"# <=>;?01 >. ^B —˜L? D. =?=  @?=  @A B. ™  G=eLš#  /$. CD,EFG>. % $D1. -.45HI. JKL. B;/. M

(91) < CD,. ῍   

(92) .  NOP;EF  ,Q M>R-S EF/TUV/W G>1  @X. CD,.  NOP;I6YZ ;L M>.   ῌ    !"  &;?.  ›?=kœ0J. K?0D? 'žŸK ja . ' )) D.  ?=k0JK?0. R[ \ ;I6T] C. . ,9^BG>EF/ 9?. D ?=; ¡ '( (ip. ; .  ?=k0JK?0. _G>/W`G>1 >. 5¢£

(93) ¤ Figure W[1 (i. a  @X  [-. $0T. p5¥¦ c ‰

(94) 0 §. ,b -.EF/cdeL 3G>;. (¨©9p5)

(95). f gCh f9D;

(96). : ;?01  @X  @XT . Fi? jG>T??=.  ?=k0JK?0D (i. k C,HIA^B $l. ¢£/2*eL  @X T ª «0. m ;1. 1 >a . 2 nopqr. ?0.  ?=k0JK. ; (i¢£.  @X. EF     @XTsaP 35/. T ª +l0 jA§(. t;L 9 T<=>;1 . ?=¬­ ®¯°/±N ²³J. @X $0T C Y. KL;

(97) ,´ K¢£. u?0 T?0 Dvwx. X?=  @X JKL B]k  @X. =i ;L ,N . T-5µ¶/,´ K;/WG. yzG>-.

(98) 9{|EF. >1.  @. /WG>1 l }7 EFTsaP 3/t;L  @X $0 T }7~

(99) €‚P;;/ YZƒ,

(100) =i ;L M9D;‚P;~?=G] , MTM>[-.Aƒ /„;0/W`G>1 ,  l>I6ll^B lY† ;/  @X‡?=9D I6[-./EFˆG> L  /M>=/2‰ll

(101) _ Š ‹rŒ G>-S#~. Figure . ®¯°²³,´.

(102) ῌ῍. ¶. ῌ  

(103)     . ·¸i. 4Kd cLM.12.Kd  †V‡I 4U1ˆ1

(104) <o cƒH`d ‰+'(Š. 

(105)     ῏   

(106)  !. ‹UnŒmVŽ

(107) +GUT

(108) +F. " ῌ #$%&'()*+, ῍ ."/0.1 ῎ 234+.1 ῏ 56 789#:; ῐ <:; ῑ ῍= ῐ >? ῒ @ ῒ ABCD Table. ῏  6EF G1ABCD 6E HI"  ῎  J 234K / L M.1234K / 6.14 8 N OEP 6Q

(109)  RSP T,U Figure ῐ  Figure ῑ V+F. G1"W+ XY Figure ῐ  ῐ Z[V \ ]^V_`"ab

(110) +8

(111) 4 c234Kd8c\eM.12.Kd. ..f1Y 

(112) \gh14 @ ij,Ik GUf.+F X  _` c234Kd ab

(113) +lmV,

(114) #$%&4'("gh 1\nHVo /$#

(115) 2 pV\q

(116)

(117) ,#$%& rAst u"'(v+G\XwxyjV4 G UT

(118) +F .4U1 c-."/0 .1d 0z\ ῐ {o |-."/0 1U_`v+}  ~ Y,€6V \4 U24pWV\#$%&, 0+ '(\W1‚M

(119) +F X ῐ Z[V\  "ƒH`

(120) '(v+ c<: ;d "

(121) „ij,U c23. Figure ῐ. Table ῏. <U234K 24<U K \ j~

(122) .. ῌ  !"# ‘’“"#$%&4”•.1'(

(123) +)*V+ !F c/0– 3Ujyjy234Kd c— .1˜™",1Kd 4j ῍ $%&' ( š› œ0_`‘’“

(124) œž\ 4 U ŸL -."/0.1  ~  QF c¡K¢"/0.1d c<£"/0.1d 4j ῎  "( ‘’“

(125) œž\43 23 4+ ~œ¤¥¦wQ"gh,F cwK

(126) v+.1d c234+.1d 4j ῏ )* +,-./ c<§"„.1d 4j ῐ ./ "ƒH`o ¨©

(127) 10 '(F cYK—ª

(128) d c«¬y 4K

(129) d 4j ῑ ῍0ῐ1234 c K¢ ­UK.1d cWy4V®"mf ¯

(130) K.1d 4j ῒ 56 ° ῍ ῎ ῏

(131) \ G1U:f ce± ¢K¢"/01 j~

(132) <U23 4+.4d ‰~  "1 ²³F .  ´

(133) 1 >µ'(UV4.K, " G1ABCD 6E

(134) +F. 234K8\eM.12.K  ῐ Z[.

(135) ¶—

(136) =·¸¹º»123 7"¼.. Figure .

(137). d @-.*. m  n.  Figure   

(138)    !"#$%&'(  )* + ,-.*. /0 123453. !"#$ %. 6+ 7.86 .*  9:;

(139) <( !"#$=> ?@A$ %63=(BC')* D * 

(140) 5* E& $ 

(141) %F G(HD I*JK . Figure . p,o863=. =LM 8!=NO4 PQ

(142) = E& $RSTU.*. !". &'(‘’I(F.D I=—=. #$RSTUV=W%(XY

(143) I. ˜™š›

(144) wxyz{=|86 œ .  .. žŸS  žŸS  žŸS†. !"ZF[\=]^_`. Qabcdec=<] f.  +%g+ _`(  /

(145) < . g*h $=([\=

(146).

(147) wxyz{=œ¡ |86=¢£. ij33I(.(F. .=¤P=•–¥

(148) ˆ(‘. D. ’I(D. ῌ  . kl m  n = op,863= 7.  /0=¦ uv=_` i(  /03=3   3. . qrK/0.* ῌ 4. 'h4<D I*=123 |86=. sI t 2uv86* wxy. §_#•– ¥

(149) ( 8!=NO. z{=| BCK}~

(150) 3= ῍ . ZK¨#] K

(151) ©g+ P.  ῎ wxyz{ ῏ P€3= m 0. =]ª«/03=¬6*D. ‚ƒn 06&'„- † g‡. !"#$=­5(K

(152) ® . P=ˆ Figure  KD /0=‰zŠ‹. I(.(FD. )&' † 

(153) Œ+(5*. ῍ 

(154)   . .  mc mnŽ , P nD 

(155) ῌ= | BCK/0%3= 

(156). ῌ wxyz{=NO4=$. wxyz{(¯¦

(157) NO. <=r 

(158)   ‘. °±²

(159) Œ  ³=´µ&'. ’g+ _`“ ”•–. =ˆ Figure KD ´µ.

(160). ». Figure . ¼. ¶·¸()¹º =>?@A Figure . ¶·¸()¹º Z=[\.   

(161)  c , p     . =>?@A!c,%%-. /e Z.   !"#$ % & !". =[\!  123 ()Y%. #$ '()*+, -. /#0   . K#5#Rqr spt0 8!5*.  123$ '()*  .  FD =>?@A!BC u5*v. 4/567. /#0. wxyK0 z{Y.# 5#/&. 8 9!:;3<0=>?@A!. |!}D~ €Y#085 ‚. BCD#! E5FG*HIJ0. 0 ƒ RFD!5* =>?. K LM  N  O! P5*. @A!„    5 !. 123Q -.

(162) #0R 0. y/#0  Z=[\!„   . 85 85 S TP$ 0Q %. !  F4D!yR8. U23$ Q VWK085 XY. 5 /#0 ]!  &'z{*. #0. e†'*K0‡ˆ%S‰O!u|3 Š. ῌ Z=[\!BCD#!Q. L!‹Œ  Z=[\D#  !. Z=[\!BCD#  D!]^. 67#5#R85 ‚0 Ž!Œ. '()*!+,' Figure XK _. %u|3 ŠL!‹Œ L085S‰!. '()*  . ~% PD#!7 a 0‘’“. 

(163)  c  , p  88. ”J0 5K• –—bJ0&!˜.  !()Y`a!J. /™12!BK0š›%œ . 085 XY `a!b=>?@A!. ž'ŸE0‘’“”‚ ™12. c,5d*e    . ! ˆ3¡B5!Š¢Y0£J.   !"#$ % & !"#$. 0 ¤¥X¦YR Š i!c. '()*+, -. /e  . f§Y0!N ¨©!fg !^ƒ0. 123$ '()*  . 4/567. /#0 K LM 9fg. ῍ ῌ ῎. *=>?@AhE . i!&J0Z =[\D# ]!BCjklmD#. ª «¬eE0 e@A­$ !. !Q   N  !n TP$. ®¯D#     !R 85. 0Q % U23$ Q VW* 1. '°±*#0N ƒ ]!®¯D 0. 23$ Q -.oL0R /. F!„®¯N=>?@A!BCD#. #085 XY#0. !R

(164) ²*#0N D#fg*. Y  123'()*. ]!HI °±Y#0³´!µD#. !+,'p05 8!Z=[\!c,!.  5  67 ` N/  ®¯.

(165) "#u¹DºE>F žt+)»>D¼7.  

(166)       !"#$%

(167) % &'( )  *  + ,-./ 012 34) 5167

(168)  71. !"#$. 8 9

(169) :;<=>?@ &71  )A=)B  CDEFGHIJ8K6 % '&76 L J8K6( (BFGHI)MNO;PO)QL@ 012 R

(170) 4E;ST1 6'

(171)  '6U   )CDEFGHI)K1V8  )+);T16 WXYE ;Z

(172) D[ET16  '61\]) ^CD( '6Q_K6 %`Ea B 9b CDc( E  de)WXY;Z

(173) D[f6   g71CD[f6 &&`EB hi)j &`EklmlK6  71  7: ^CDb. 16( jno p17 K6 '&!Yqr s8t&

(174) 7) "#uv w>x$9&@+y%&'B ' &x$>(z9')"#uvw>) hi{*71m+|,}:09~ +€& -.  ‚ƒ„   †‡ˆ‰Š‹/ŒQ6'€ B ῏῎ F "#uuŽK 1v0. ‘C) ’“1 hi “”2>L%Q Z•– —.˜Q9 ῐ   '61  ) hi3™K6   )48š71

(175)       › !"#$8 /œ 9.

(176). & ›4<=712

(177) %7

(178) œ @žt+) ›4%0 #$B

(179) )t& 7œ vŸ    ›<=71%7

(180) ) = 5) K7

(181)  %

(182) t œ @ žt+) ›40#$%

(183) )t& 7œ vŸ ῌ ῒ ῑ ῍ Carey, S.  Conceptual change in childhood. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.  5¡¢*  6£7¤8  žt+) K¥D¦7§ ¨©ª«¬­9® Carey, S.  Knowledge Acquisition : Enrichment or conceptual change ? In S. Carey & R. Gelman Eds. Epigenesis of mind : Essays on biology and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.   ῌ . Carey, S.  Sources of conceptual change. In E. K. Scholnick, et al. Eds. Conceptual change : Piaget’s legacy. Mahwah, New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.  ῌ . Carey, S. & Spelke, E.  Domainῌspecific knowledge and conceptual changes. In L. A. Hirschfeld & S. A. Gelman Eds. Mapping the mind : Domain specificity in cognition and culture. New York : Cambridge University Press.  ῌ . Case, R.  The development of conceptual structures. In Damon, W. et al. Eds. Handbook of child psychology, 5th ed. Vol. . New York : Wiley.  ῌ . Cole, M.  The zone of proximal development : Where culture and cognition create each other. In J. V. Wetsch Ed. Culture, communication, and cognition : Vigotskian perspectives. Cambridge, England : Cambridge University Press.  ῌ . Coley, J. D.  On the importance of comparative research : The case of folkbiology. Child Development. ,  ῌ . Gauvain, M.  The social context of cognitive development. New York : Guilford. Hatano, G. & Inagaki, K.  Young children’s naive theory of biology. Cognition, ,  ῌ  . -.¯:;*°±²³ž  <´µ= > ?hi¶ @ ?Z

(184) D·A  BC § Vol. § ¸ž­9§  ῌ ® Hatano, G. & Inagaki, K.  A developmental perspective on informal biology. In D. L..

(185)

(186). Ž. Medin & S. Atran Eds. Folkbiology. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press.  ῍ .   

(187)          ῍  !"#$%&'($)*+,($-./01$2 34 $ 56789 $ :'; $ <=>(  ?@A BCDE FG   H  ῍   Inagaki, K. & Hatano, G.  Young children’s naive thinking about the biological world. Psychology Press. IJKL($M NOP$QR  (STUVWXYZ[ \] ^_`a bc    d efgh  ijklUmn opqrs t qrukUvw  xya] Vol.  ] z({|]  ῍  efgh  }q~

(188) ijklUXY p€OQ efgh$‚ƒ„ ^t † ‡XYuk῎ˆ‰Z‡ŠU‹ŒZXY     ῍  Perner, J.   Understanding the representational mind. Cambridge, MA : MIT Press. Rogoff, B.   Apprenticeship in thinking. New York : Oxford University Press. Spelke, E. S.   Physical knowledge in infancy : Reflections on Piajet’s theory. In S. Carey & R. Gelman Eds. Epigenesis of. (. mind : Essays on biology and cognition. Hillsdale, NJ : Erlbaum.  ῍  . Spelke, E. S.   Initial knowledge : Six suggestions. Cognition, ,  ῍ . Ž (  VWXYU‘’“”• p€ OQ efgh$‚ƒ„ ^t †‡XY uk ῎ ˆ‰Z‡ŠU‹ŒZXY    ῍  Ž (   U–—˜™ š›œ ž Ÿ ¡ ῌῌ VWU¢£¤¥¦U§¨9 › ῌῌ ©ª ῌ῎    H  ῍  «¬­($A®(  qU¯®UXY῎k 4° ±²³•

(189) d´¤‡ŠZµl¶ · U ¸ ¹ X Y u k    Vol.      ῍  Vigotsky, L. S.   Thought and language. Cambridge. MA : MIT Press. Vigotsky, L. S.   Mind in society : The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. Wellman, H. M.   The child’s theory of mind. Cambridge : MA MIT Press. Wellman, H. M. & Gelman, S. A.   Knowledge acquisition in foundational domains. In Damon, W. et al. Eds. Handbook of child psychology, 5th ed. Vol. . New York : Wiley.  ῍ ..

(190)

参照

関連したドキュメント

※1・2 アクティブラーナー制度など により、場の有⽤性を活⽤し なくても学びを管理できる学

本学級の児童は,89%の児童が「外国 語活動が好きだ」と回答しており,多く

らぽーる宇城 就労移行支援 生活訓練 就労継続支援B型 40 名 らぽーる八代 就労移行支援 生活訓練 就労継続支援B型 40 名

市内15校を福祉協力校に指定し、児童・生徒を対象として、ボランティア活動や福祉活動を

 支援活動を行った学生に対し何らかの支援を行ったか(問 2-2)を尋ねた(図 8 参照)ところ, 「ボランティア保険への加入」が 42.3 % と最も多く,

日本全国のウツタインデータをみると、20 歳 以下の不慮の死亡は、1 歳~3 歳までの乳幼児並 びに、15 歳~17

この P 1 P 2 を抵抗板の動きにより測定し、その動きをマグネットを通して指針の動きにし、流

就学前の子どもの保護者 小学校 1 年生から 6 年生までの子どもの保護者 世帯主と子のみで構成されている世帯の 18 歳以下のお子さんの保護者 12 歳~18 歳の区民 25