JAIST Repository
https://dspace.jaist.ac.jp/ Title 加齢は創造性を低下させるか : 先行研究レビューと実 証分析 Author(s) 金間, 大介 Citation 年次学術大会講演要旨集, 34: 433-436 Issue Date 2019-10-26Type Conference Paper Text version publisher
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10119/16618
Rights
本著作物は研究・イノベーション学会の許可のもとに 掲載するものです。This material is posted here with permission of the Japan Society for Research Policy and Innovation Management.
㸰㹁㸮㸱
ຍ㱋ࡣ㐀ᛶࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿ㸸ඛ⾜◊✲ࣞࣅ࣮ࣗᐇドศᯒ
ۑ㔠㛫㸦㔠ἑᏛ㸧 ࠙ᴫせࠚ ᪥ᮏࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎከࡃࡢඛ㐍ᅜࢆ୰ᚰࠊປാ⪅ࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇࡣࠊከࡃࡢ⤒Ⴀ ⪅ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡢ㔜࠸ㄢ㢟ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋᚑᴗဨࡢᗣࣜࢫࢡࡢቑຍࠊᬯ㯲▱ⓗ࡞ᢏ⾡ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢఏᢎࠊ ᪂ࡋ࠸ேᮦࡢ☜ಖࠊ⤥⥲㢠ࡢቑຍ࡞ࡣࠊ௬ࡑࡢᴗࡢᴗࡀ㡰㢼‶ᕹࡔࡋ࡚ࡶ㑊ࡅ࡚ࡣ㏻ࢀ࡞ ࠸ㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚⌧ᅾࡢ⤒Ⴀ⎔ቃࡣࡑࡇ᭦࡞ࡿㄢ㢟ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ➇த࡛࠶ࡿࠋከࡃࡢ⤒ Ⴀ⪅ࡣࠊᚑᴗဨࡢ㧗㱋ࡶ⮬♫ࡢ㐀ᛶࡀኻࢃࢀࡿࡇࢆ༴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ႙ኻࡣࣀ࣋ ࣮ࢩࣙࣥฟຊࡢపୗ┤⤖ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊᖺ㱋㐀ᛶࡢ㛵ಀࡢゎ᫂ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧࡑࡢ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ ࡢᛂ⏝ࡣ⤒ႠᏛ࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡁ࡞ㄢ㢟ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᖺ㱋㐀ᛶࡢ㛵ಀࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ୍〇㐀ᴗࡢ༠ຊࡢࡶࠊᐇドⓗศᯒࡋࡓࠋ ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ➨୍ࠊⱝ࠸ேከࡃࡢ㐀ᛶࢆⓎࡋࠊ30 ௦ࡽ 40 ௦ࡅ࡚ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㏄࠼ࡿࡇࡀ ᫂ࡽ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨ࠊᖺ㱋ࢆ㔜ࡡࡿ᭷⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㐀ᛶࢆⓎࡍࡿྜࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇࡀࢃ ࡗࡓࠋ 㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ 2018 ᖺࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ⏕⌮Ꮫ࣭་Ꮫ㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡋࡓᮏᗢభẶࡣࠊ30 ௦ࡢࡁࡍ࡛㔝ཱྀⱥୡグᛕ་Ꮫ㈹ ࡞」ᩘࡢⴭྡ࡞㈹ࢆཷ㈹ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ2012 ᖺࡢᒣ୰ఙᘺẶࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ㈹ཷ㈹ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗࡓㄽᩥࡣࠊ ྠẶࡀ43 ṓࡢࡁⓎ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏘ᴗ⏺ᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡀࡽ 2014 ᖺࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ≀⌮Ꮫ㈹ࢆཷ ㈹ࡋࡓ୰ᮧಟẶࡣࠊᙼࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ᪥ளᏛᕤᴗ௦ࠊ㟷ⰍⓎගࢲ࣮࢜ࢻࡢᮦᩱ࡞ࡿ❅≀ ༙ᑟయ⤖ᬗ⭷ࡢᡂ㛗᪉ἲ㛵ࡍࡿ≉チࢆ36 ṓࡢࡁฟ㢪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺ࠊ⫋ົ࠾ࡅࡿ㐀ᛶࡣ30 ௦ࡽ㐜ࡃ࡚ࡶ 40 ௦๓༙ࡲ࡛ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㏄࠼ࡿ࠸࠺⪃࠼ࡣୡ⏺ⓗᗈࡃㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦Bal, et al., 2011; Ng and Feldman, 2012㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⫼ᬒࡋ࡚ࠊᖺ㓄⪅ࡣⱝᡭ
ẚ࡚యຊⓗ࡞⾶࠼ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊㄆ㆑ຊࡸィ⟬ຊࡶపୗࡍࡿࡇ㸦Salthouse, 2012㸧ࠊࡉࡽࡣᖺ㱋
ࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡘࢀ࡚ኚࡢ㐺ᛂຊࡸᰂ㌾ᛶࡀపୗࡋࠊࡲࡓᏛ⩦ᑐࡍࡿᙉ࠸ពḧࡶᾘኻࡍࡿᛮࢃࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ㸦Ng and Feldman, 2013㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⬟ຊࡸពḧࡢపୗࡀࠊ⤖ᯝⓗ㐀ᛶࡢ
పୗࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡞ࡿ㸦e.g., Lyons and Kuron, 2014㸧ࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊᖺ㱋㐀ᛶࡢ㈇ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞ᐇド◊✲ࡣࠊᐇ㦂➼ࡢࡢᡭἲࡢ◊✲ẚ࡚ஈ ࡋ࠸ࡢᣦࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Rietzschel, et al., 2016㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏᴗࡢᚑᴗဨࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࠊ ᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨࡸࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥάື࠸࠺㡿ᇦ↔Ⅼࢆ⤠ࡗ࡚ࠊᖺ㱋㐀ᛶࡢ㛵ಀࢆᐇドⓗศᯒࡍࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎࠊࡰࡍ࡚ࡢᅜ࠾࠸࡚ປാ⪅ࡢᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᖺ㱋㐀ᛶࡢ㛵ಀࡢゎ ᫂ᑐࡍࡿࢽ࣮ࢬࡣᖺࠎ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢ㏻ࡾ࠸ࡃࡘࡢ࣓ࢱศᯒࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡋࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ᪥ ᮏࢆᑐ㇟ࡋࡓศᯒࡣ㦫ࡃᑡ࡞࠸ࠋୡ⏺ඛ❧ࡗ࡚ປാ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋ࡀ㐍ࡴ᪥ᮏ࠾࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ ࡇࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎୡ⏺ྛᅜࡗ࡚ࡶ᭷┈࡞▱ぢ࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ
2C03.pdf :2
㸰㸬ඛ⾜◊✲௬ㄝ⏕ᡂ
㐀ᛶࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡋ࡚ࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣࠊㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦Schmitt, 2014㸧ࠊ⮬ᚊᛶ㸦Litchfield, Fan and
Brown, 2011㸧ࠊ᭷⬟ឤ㸦Richter, Hirst, Van Knippenberg and Baer, 2012㸧ࠊࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ㸦Amabile, 1998㸧ࠊࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ㸦Furnham, 1999㸧ࠊᑓ㛛ⓗᛮ⪃ࢫ࢟ࣝ㸦Amabile, 1998㸧࡞ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ ࡿࠋ
ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢከࡃࠊ࠼ࡤሗฎ⌮ࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࠊグ᠈ࡢࢵࣉࢹ࣮ࢺࠊὀពຊ➼ࡣ 30 ௦ධࡾᚎࠎ
పୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᵝᏊࡀඛ⾜◊✲ࡼࡗ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Rhodes, 2004㸧ࠋࡲࡓࠊVerhaeghen and Salthouse
㸦1997㸧ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ࣓ࢱศᯒࡼࡿࠊ▱ぬ㏿ᗘࠊ✵㛫ㄆ㆑ࠊ᥎ㄽ࡞㛵ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡣᖺ㱋ࡶపୗ
ࡍࡿ࠸ࢃࢀࡿࠋ
ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸࡶࡲࡓᤊ࠼ࡇࢁࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸㠃ࠊ㐀ᛶᙳ㡪ࢆ࠼ࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᵓᡂ せ⣲ࡢ࠺ࡕࠊㄔᐇᛶࠊྠㄪᛶࠊ♫ⓗඃᛶࠊឤࡢᏳᐃᛶ࡞ࡣᖺ㱋ࡶᙉࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉ࠊ᪂ࡋ
࠸⤒㦂ᑐࡍࡿ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡉࡣ⦆ࡸపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ㸦Soto and John, 2012㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㐀ᛶࡢⓎࡣ
ࡇࡢ࣮࢜ࣉࣥࡉࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࠸ࢃࢀࡿ㸦Furnham, 1999㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢᑐࡍࡿዲወᚰࡸ᥈ ồᚰࠊ⯆ࡢᙉࡉ࡞㇟ᚩࡉࢀࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢせ⣲ࡀᙉ࠸ேࡣࠊㄢ㢟┤㠃ࡋࡓ㝿⋡ඛࡋ࡚᪂ࡋ࠸ゎỴ ⟇ࢆᶍ⣴ࡋࡓࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᶵࢆ᥈ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢ㆟ㄽࡼࡾࠊ㐀ᛶࢆⓎࡣ୍ᐃࡢⱝࡉࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ ࡣ⫋ົ࠾ࡅࡿ㐀ᛶࡢⓎࢆ࡞ᑐ㇟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊୖ࡛ࡑࢀࢆⓎࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᑓ㛛▱㆑ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝ ࡶ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㌟ࡘࡅࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦Amabile, 1998㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࠊḟࡢ௬ㄝࢆ⏕ᡂࡍࡿࠋ ௬ㄝ1㸸ⱝ࠸ே㧗࠸㐀ᛶࢆⓎࡋࠊ30 ௦ࡽ 40 ௦ࡅ࡚ࣆ࣮ࢡࢆ㏄࠼ࡿ ࡁᖺ㓄⪅ࡣⱝᡭẚ࡚⦆ࡸ࡞࣮࣌ࢫࢆಖࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ」ᩘࡢࢱࢫࢡฎ⌮ࢆࡇ࡞ࡍ ࡇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠊㄢ㢟ゎỴ㛵ࡍࡿᴗົ࠾࠸࡚ࠊࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ㢖⦾㐼㐝ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿሙྜࠊ
ᖺ㓄⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀඃࢀࡓࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ♧ࡍࡇࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓㄽᩥࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Artistico, Cervone and Pezzuti,
2003㸧ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢሗ࿌ࡢ᰿ᣐ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ⤒㦂ࡢ✚ࡑࡢ᭷ຠά⏝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ✚ࡉࢀࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࠊಶே ࡢ୰࡛ᵝࠎ࡞▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟㌿ࡍࡿࡇࡼࡗ࡚ࠊㄆ▱ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞ฎ⌮⬟ຊࡢపୗࢆ⿵࠸ࠊሙ ྜࡼࡗ࡚ࡣࡇࢀࡽࢆୖᅇࡿᙉࡳࡋ࡚ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
Kanfer and Ackerman㸦2004㸧ࡣࡇࡢⅬࡘ࠸࡚ࠊᖺ㓄⪅ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤ⤒㦂▱ࡢ✚⤖ᬗࢆ⾜ࡗ ࡚࠸ࡿᙇࡍࡿࠋࡸࡸศࡾࡃ࠸ᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ༢࡞ࡿグ᠈ࡸ⤒㦂࠸ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ࠶ࡿ ✀ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡉࢀࡓ⥲ྜⓗ࡞⬟ຊ⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊྠᵝࡢᴫᛕࡋ࡚ࠊㄆ㆑⬟ຊࡣࡑࡢሙࡑࡢሙ ࡛ά⏝ࡋࡓ࠶ᾘ⁛ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃὶືⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࠊ⮬㌟ࡢ⬟ຊࡋ࡚✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ⤖ᬗࡀ࠶ࡿゝࢃࢀ ࡿ㸦Salthouse, 2012㸧ࠋᖺ㱋ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⪃࠼ࡓሙྜࠊ≉⤖ᬗࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡀ㔜せ࡞ࡿࠋὶືⓗ࡞⬟ຊࠊ ࠼ࡤ༢⣧࡞ィ⟬ຊࡣ 20 ṓ๓ᚋࢆࣆ࣮ࢡ௨㝆ࡣᚎࠎపୗࡋࠊேࡼࡗ࡚ࡣపୗ㏿ᗘࡀຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ ࡃࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛ࠊ⤖ᬗࡉࢀࡓ⬟ຊࡢሙྜࡣࠊ⤒㦂ࡸࢺ࣮ࣞࢽࣥࢢࡼࡿࡀேࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ 60 ṓ๓ᚋࡲ ࡛ఙࡧ⥆ࡅࡿࡇࡶ⌋ࡋࡃ࡞࠸㸦Salthouse, 2012㸧ࠋ ௨ୖࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝࡽࠊࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉┤᥋ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡼ࠺࡞᭷⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㐀ᛶࢆⓎࡍࡿ⬟ຊࡣࠊ ᖺ㱋ࢆ㔜ࡡࡿࡶྥୖࡍࡿ⪃࠼ࠊ௨ୗࡢ௬ㄝࢆᑟฟࡍࡿࠋ ௬ㄝ2㸸ᖺ㱋ࢆ㔜ࡡࡿ᭷⏝ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㐀ᛶࢆⓎࡍࡿ 㸱㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ ᮏ◊✲ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ୍〇㐀ᴗࡢ༠ຊࡢࡶసᡂࡉࢀࡓࠋྠ♫ࡢせ〇ရࡣ⏘ᴗ⏝㟁Ꮚࢹ
ࣂࢫ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ〇ရࡢ〇㐀ࠊ㈍ࢆ⾜࠺ྠࠊᢏ⾡㛤Ⓨ㒊㛛ࡼࡿ᪂〇ရ㛤Ⓨࡶᜏᖖⓗ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋᕤᴗ㧗➼ᑓ㛛ᏛᰯࡸᏛࠊᏛ㝔ฟ㌟⪅ࠊእᅜேᢏ⬟ᐇ⩦⏕࡞ࠊከᵝ࡞ᢏ⾡⣔ேᮦࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠾ ࡾࠊᙼࡽࢆ୰ᚰᖺ㛫ᩘ௳ࡽᩘ༑௳ࡢ≉チฟ㢪ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྠ♫ࡢ≉ᚩࡋ࡚ࠊ♫ෆࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡୖࠕࢹ࣎ࢵࢡࢫࠖ㸦௬⛠㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇࡀᣲࡆ ࡽࢀࡿࠋྠࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡᣦᐃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࢵࢺࡀ⏝ពࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ♫ဨࡣㄡ࡛ࡶࡇࢀࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡛⮬ ⏤⮬㌟ࡢࢹࢆᢞภࡍࡿࡇࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋෆᐜࡣ᭶୍ᅇࡢ㒊㛗⣭㆟࡛ሗ࿌ࡉࢀࠊࢹࡢ᥇ྰ ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿᥇⏝ࡀỴࡲࡗࡓࢹࡣྠࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡୖ࡛බ⾲ࡉࢀࠊᢸᙜ㒊⨫࠾࠸࡚ᐇ⾜ ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀࡿࠋࢹᢞภᑐࡍࡿࣥࢭࣥࢸࣈࡋ࡚ࠊࢹࡢࣞ࣋ࣝᛂࡌ࡚5 ༓ࡽ 3 ࡀ᥇⏝⪅ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢹࡢᢞภᩘᑐࡍࡿไ⣙ࡣ≉࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓᩘᛂࡌࡓࣥࢭࣥࢸ ࣈࡢኚ᭦ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ4 ᖺ 6 ࣨ᭶ศࢆྠ♫ෆ࡛ಶேࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ ༏ྡࡋ⏝ࡋࡓࠋ ྠࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺྵࡲࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣࠊᢞภࡉࢀࡓࢹࡢᩘ࠾ࡼࡧᐇ㝿᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓᩘࠊ≉チฟ㢪 ௳ᩘࠊᖺ㱋ࠊ⥆ᖺᩘࠊᛶูࠊ᭱⤊ᏛṔࠊྠᮇ㛫࠾ࡅࡿ㒊⨫␗ືࡢ᭷↓ࠊ࠾ࡼࡧእ㒊◊ಟࡢཧຍ ᐇ⦼ࡢ᭷↓࡛࠶ࡿࠋእ㒊◊ಟࡢཧຍᐇ⦼ࡣࠊᅜෆእࡢᏛ༠ࡢཧຍࠊྠ♫ࡀᣐⅬࢆ⨨ࡃ⮬ యࡀ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢭ࣑ࢼ࣮ࡢཧຍ➼ࢆᣦࡋࠊ♫ဨࡣཧຍᚋ⡆༢࡞ሗ࿌᭩ࢆᥦฟࡍࡿࡇࡀ⩏ົࡅ ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡢ࠺ࡕࠊົᡭ⥆ࡁ㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࡞ࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࣭㛫᥋ⓗࢆၥࢃࡎᢏ⾡㛵 ಀࡋ࡞࠸ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㒊⨫ࡢᡤᒓ⪅ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓࡶࡢࢆศᯒ⏝ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡋࡓࠋ᭱⤊ⓗᐇ♫ဨᩘ49 ྡࠊ ࡢࢹᢞภᩘ259 ௳ࡀྵࡲࢀࡿࠋ 㸲㸬㞟ィ⤖ᯝ ᅗ 1 ࠊᶓ㍈ᖺ௦ࢆࠊ⦪㍈୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢᢞภࡉࢀࡓࢹࡢᩘࢆࡾࣉࣟࢵࢺࡋࡓᅗࢆ♧ࡍࠋ ྠᵝࠊ⦪㍈᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࢹࡢᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇⏝⋡ࢆࡾᅗ2 ♧ࡍࠋ ᅗ1 ࢆぢࡿ㝈ࡾࠊ௬ㄝ 1 ࡛タᐃࡋࡓ㏻ࡾࠊ20 ௦ࡽ 30 ௦ࡅ࡚ࢹᢞภᩘࡣୖ᪼ࡋࠊ30 ௦ ࢆࣆ࣮ࢡ50 ௦ࡅ࡚ῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊᅗ 2 ࡢࢹ᥇⏝ᩘࡣࢃࡎࡔࡀ 40 ௦ࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ࡞ ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢹ᥇⏝⋡࠸ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ 50 ௦ࡲ࡛ୖ᪼ࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀぢ࡚ྲྀࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊ 50 ௦ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡣ 8 ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ ᅗ1 ᖺ㱋ࢹᢞภᩘࡢ㛵ಀ ᅗ 2 ᖺ㱋ࢹ᥇⏝ᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇⏝⋡ࡢ㛵ಀ
2C03.pdf :4 㸳㸬௬ㄝ᳨ド ௬ㄝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᯒ࡛ࡣࠊ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡋ࡚ᢞภࡉࢀࡓࢹࡢᩘࠊ ྠࢹࡢ࠺ࡕᐇ㝿᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓᩘ࠾ࡼࡧࢹ᥇⏝⋡ࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋ௬ㄝ1 ࡢ௦⌮ኚᩘࡋ࡚ᢞภ ࡉࢀࡓࢹࡢᩘࢆࠊ௬ㄝ2 ࡢ௦⌮ኚᩘࡋ࡚᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓࢹࡢᩘ࠾ࡼࡧ᥇⏝⋡ࡀヱᙜࡍࡿࠋࡲ ࡓࠊㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡋ࡚ᖺ㱋ࢆࠊไᚚኚᩘࡋ࡚ᛶูࠊ᭱⤊ᏛṔࠊ㒊⨫␗ືࡢ᭷↓ࠊධ♫ࡢ♫࠾ࡅࡿ ࢟ࣕࣜࡢ᭷↓ࠊእ㒊◊ಟࡢཧຍࡢ᭷↓ࠊ≉チฟ㢪௳ᩘࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋㄝ᫂ኚᩘ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢ㛫 ࡣ㏫U Ꮠࡢ㛵ಀࡀᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇࡽࠊᖺ㱋ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 2 㡯ࢆ⏝ពࡋࡓࠋ᭱⤊ᏛṔࡣࠊ㧗ᰯࠊᕤᴗ㧗 ➼ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࡸ▷ᮇᏛࠊ4 ᖺไᏛࠊᏛ㝔ಟኈㄢ⛬ࡢ 4 ༊ศࡋࡓࠋ≉チฟ㢪ࡣᮏ᮶ࢹࡢ௦⌮ ኚᩘࡋ࡚ࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡶ㐪ឤࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡋྠࡑࡢ௳ᩘࡣᡤᒓࡋ࡚ ࠸ࡿ㸦ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ㸧㒊⨫ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡍࡿഴྥ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡑࡢᛶ㉁ࢆ⏝ࡋ࡚ࠊ㒊⨫㛫ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆࢥࣥ ࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿኚᩘࡋ࡚⏝ࡍࡿࡇࡋࡓࠋ ᮏⓎ⾲࡛ࡣࠊྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾୖグࡢᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚♧ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ド⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ ࠙Referencesࠚ
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