Plastic Behaviour of a Steel Bridge Pier under Seismic Loading
著者 Sakano Masahiro, Nishigaki Yuji, Kawakami Yoriko
journal or
publication title
関西大学工学研究報告 = Technology reports of the Kansai University
volume 49
page range 55‑60
year 2007‑03‑20
URL http://hdl.handle.net/10112/12450
Technology Reports o f Kansai U n i v e r s i t y N o . 4 9 , 2 0 0 7
P l a s t i c Behaviour o f a S t e e l Bridge P i e r under S e i s m i c Loading
Masahiro SAKANO*, Y u j i N I S H I G A K I * * and Yoriko KAWAKAMI***
( R e c e i v e d October 2 , 2 0 0 6 )
Abstract
I n t h i s s t u d y , t h e e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c response o f a whole s t r u c t u r e , i n c l u d i n g both s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s and s u b s t r u c t u r e s , was e s t i m a t e d by means o f dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s , and t h e e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c s t r a i n h i s t o r y a t t h e t o p end o f t r i a n g u l a r r i b s was e s t i m a t e d by means o f s t a t i c e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s u s i n g t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d by dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s . As a r e s u l t , d i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e o f t h e s t e e l b r i d g e p i e r c a n be e s t i m a t e d by means o f dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s . The maximum d i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e b max i s 207mm and t h e minimum d i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e
ふn i n i s ‑291mm a t t h e t o p o f column i n t h e c a s e o f a 0 . 0 3 damping c o e f f i c i e n t . By means o f s t a t i c e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s , i t was shown t h a t t h e r e was a p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e maximum s t r a i n r a n g e
(△むmax) c a n exceed 20% a t t h e t o p end o f t r i a n g u l a r r i b s .
1.
Introduction
55
I n t h e 1995 Hyogoken‑Nanbu Earthquake, a r i g i d s t e e l frame bridge p i e r was f r a c t u r e d a t i t s base j o i n t , a s shown i n F i g . 1 . Cracks were developed a t t h e t o p o f t r i a n g u l a r r i b s between column and base p l a t e , and connected one a n o t h e r . E v e n t u a l l y , more than a h a l f s e c t i o n o f
F i g . 1 C r a c k s c o n n e c t i n g t h e t o p ends o f t r i a n g u l a r r i b s
*Department o f C i v i l & E n v i r o n m e n t a l E n g i n e e r i n g
* * G r a d u a t e S c h o o l o f E n g i n e e r i n g
* * * H a n s h i n Expressway C o r p o r a t i o n
56
M a s a h i r o SAKANO, Y u j i NISHIGAKI and Y o r i k o KAWAKAMI
t h e column f a i l e d 1 ) . These c r a c k s a r e presumed t o have been i n i t i a t e d a t t h e f i l l e t weld t o e on t h e column s i d e n e a r t h e t o p end o f t h e t r i a n g u l a r r i b s , and p r o p a g a t e d from t h e n o r t h w e s t c o r n e r t o t h e n o r t h e a s t and s o u t h w e s t c o r n e r s c o n n e c t i n g e a c h o t h e r . There i s a p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t e x t r e m e l y low c y c l e f a t i g u e c r a c k s c o u l d be d e v e l o p e d by e x c e s s i v e c y c l i c l o a d i n g d u r i n g t h e e a r t h q u a k e . I n t h i s s t u d y , t h e e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c r e s p o n s e o f t h e whole s t r u c t u r e , i n c l u d i n g b o t h s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s and s u b s t r u c t u r e s , was e s t i m a t e d by means o f dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s , and t h e e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c s t r a i n h i s t o r y a t t h e t o p end o f t r i a n g u l a r r i b s was e s t i m a t e d by means o f s t a t i c e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e element a n a l y s i s u s i n g t h e r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d t h r o u g h dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s .
2 . E l a s t o ‑ P l a s t i c Response o f a Whole S t e e l Pier 2 . 1 A n a l y t i c a l Method
F i g . 2 shows t h e a n a l y z e d s t e e l b r i d g e p i e r and s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s . F i g . 3 shows i t s a n a l y t i c a l m o d e l . Dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s was c o n d u c t e d u s i n g a t h r e e ‑ d i m e n s i o n a l beam e l e m e n t . The l a r g e ‑ m a s s method was a p p l i e d i n o r d e r t o shake t h e ground d i r e c t l y u s i n g t h e s e i s m i c a c c e l e r a t i o n r e c o r d ( N ‑ S d i r e c t i o n ) measured a t t h e Osaka Gas F u k i a i P l a n t d u r i n g t h e Hyogoken‑Nanbu Earthquake ( s e e F i g . 4 ) . The beam e l e m e n t was supposed t o be a u n i f o r m box s e c t i o n , n e g l e c t i n g l o n g i t u d i n a l and t r a n s v e r s e s t i f f e n e r s and f i l l e d c o n c r e t e . M a t e r i a l p r o p e r t i e s were supposed a s f o l l o w s ;
Young's m o d u l u s : 200GPa P o i s s o n ' s r a t i o : 0 . 3
U n i t mass o f s t e e l : 7850kg/m3 Y i e l d s t r e s s : 235MPa
The damping c o e f f i c i e n t : 0 . 0 3 and 0 . 0 5
声 亨
1 8 0 0 700 800 ー 8404
1 2 9 0 4
1 5
0 0
一
5 0 0 , 1
F r o n t View
F i g .
2A n a l y z e d s t e e l b r i d g e p i e r and s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s
S i d e View
P l a s t i c B e h a v i o u r o f a S t e e l B r i d g e P i e r u n d e 1 A S e i s m i c L o a d i n g 57
亘
t S e c t i o n 1
よiS e c t i o n 2 S e c t
半、,、i ~ o n 3 S e c t i o
1n 4 2 5
□
望 勺 言I 1 5 6 1 , □ j 1 , 0 0
S e c t i o n 1 S e c t i o n 2 (SM570) ( S S 4 0 0 )
S e c t i o n 6 S e c t i o n 6 `>
な0 ¥ ' . 1 4 5 0
、 ( 、I 1 5 0 0 1 □ 1 4 5 0 l 1 5 0 0 S e c t i o n 3 S e c t i o n 4
(SM490B) ( S S 4 0 0 )
三
〔 U n i to f l e n g t h : m m 〕
F i g .
3A n a l y t i c a l model o f t h e s t e e l p i e r and s u p e r s t r u c t u r e s
1 5 1 2 6 1 9 1 2 6
L
G
□
, t ] I 1 4 5 0
、 )
1 0 0 0 S e c t i o n 5 (SM490B)
已 1 4 5 0
' . )
1 0 0 0 S e c t i o n 6 (SM400A)
500
( I品 ︶
uo
nr
5l
33
3<
゜
‑500
F i g . 4
T i m e ( s )
S e i s m i c a c c e l e r a t i o n r e c o r d o f N ‑ S d i r e c t i o n a t t h e Osaka Gas F u k i a i P l a n t 2 . 2 Analytical Results
F i g . 5 shows displacement r e s p o n s e a t t h e t o p o f t h e n o r t h c o l u m n . The h o r i z o n t a l a x i s r e p r e s e n t s t i m e t ( s ) , and v e r t i c a l a x i s r e p r e s e n t s r e l a t i v e d i s p l a c e m e n t o f t h e north column t o p t o i t s b o t t o m . S o l i d and broken l i n e s show t h e d i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e i n c a s e s o f damping c o e f f i c i e n t s 0 . 0 3 and 0 . 0 5 , r e s p e c t i v e l y . The maximum d i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e bmax i s 207mm and
300
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 2︱
︱
︵ 目 ︶
giu~
日 督
J d S ! Q
゜
‑ 3 0 0
゜
5Time t 10 ( s )
D a m p i n g C o e f f i c i e n t
0 . 0 3
‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ ‑ 0 . 0 5
1 5 20
F i g . 5 D i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e a t t h e t o p o f t h e n o r t h c o l u m n
5 8 M a s a h i r o SAKANO, Y u j i NISHIGAKI a n d Y o r i k o KAWAKAMI
t h e minimum d i s p l a c e m e n t r e s p o n s e b m i n i s ‑29lmm i n t h e c a s e o f a 0 . 0 3 damping c o e f f i c i e n t , w h i l e b m a x i s 155mm and b m i n i s ‑233mm i n t h e c a s e o f a 0 . 0 5 damping c o e f f i c i e n t .
3 . E l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c Strain History o f S t e e l Pier Base J o i n t with Triangular Ribs 3 . 1 A n a l y t i c a l Method
F i g . 6 shows an a n a l y t i c a l model f o r t h e s t a t i c a n a l y s i s . S t a t i c e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e element a n a l y s i s was conducted u s i n g t h r e e ‑ d i m e n s i o n a l s h e l l e l e m e n t s f o r t h e n o r t h column where c r a c k s were d e t e c t e d , and t h r e e ‑ d i m e n s i o n a l beam e l e m e n t s f o r t h e o t h e r beam and column members. F i g .
7shows t h e c y c l i c s t r e s s ‑ s t r a i n c u r v e 2 > used i n t h e s t a t i c a n a l y s i s . The base p l a t e a t t h e bottom end o f t h e column was c o m p l e t e l y r e s t r a i n e d . The d i s p l a c e m e n t o b t a i n e d i n t h e dynamic e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c a n a l y s i s was a p p l i e d t o t h e t o p o f t h e c o l u m n , and t h e n e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c s t r a i n h i s t o r y a t t h e t o p end o f t h e t r i a n g u l a r r i b s was e s t i m a t e d .
/
Beam E l e m e n t
4 0 4
\
S h e l l E l e m e n t
F i g . 6 A n a l y t i c a l m o d e l f o r s t a t i c e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c f i n i t e e l e m e n t a n a l y s i s
80
06
00
40
02
00
(e
dz
)
SS~IJ,S
゜ ゜ 1 0 S t r a i n ( % ) 20 3 0
F i g . 7 C y c l i c S t r e s s ‑ S t r a i n c u r v e u s e d i n t h e s t a t i c e l a s t o ‑ p l a s t i c a n a l y s i s
P l a s t i c B e h a v i o u r o f a S t e e l B r i d g e P i e r u n d e r S e i s m i c L o a d i n g 59
F i g . 8 L o n g i t u d i n a l s t r a i n d i s t r i b u t i o n n e a r t h e t o p e n d o f t h e t r i a n g u l a r r i b s
20
0 00 0
l l 2
︱
︱
︵ ま ︶
u r
B l
l S
6 8 Time ( s )
F i g . 9 S t r a i n h i s t o r y a t t h e t o p o f t h e n o r t h w e s t t r i a n g u l a r r i b
4