松尾芭蕉の奥の細道
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Oku No Hosomichi Matsuo Basho Full Audio Book Japanese Unabridge
Oku No Hosomichi Matsuo Basho Full Audio Book Japanese Unabridged
０１ 序文（じょぶん）
月日(つきひ)は百代(はくたい)の過客(かかく)にして、行(ゆ）きかふ年もまた旅人（たびび と）なり。
舟の上に生涯(しょうがい)をうかべ、馬の口とらえて老(おい)をむかふるものは、日々(ひび) 旅（たび）にして旅（たび）を栖(すみか)とす。
古人(こじん)も多く旅（たび）に死（し）せるあり。
よもいづれの年よりか、片雲(へんうん)の風にさそはれて、漂泊(ひょうはく)の思ひやまず、
海浜(かいひん)にさすらへ、去年(こぞ)の秋江上(こうしょう)の破屋(はおく)にくもの古巣 (ふるす)をはらひて、やや年も暮(くれ)、春立てる霞(かすみ)の空に白河(しらかわ)の関こえ んと、そぞろ神(がみ)の物につきて心をくるはせ、道祖神(どうそじん)のまねきにあひて、
取(と）るもの手につかず。
ももひきの破(やぶ）れをつづり、笠(かさ)の緒(お)付(つ）けかえて、三里(さんり)に灸(きゅ う)すゆるより、松島の月まず心にかかりて、住(す）める方(かた)は人に譲(ゆず)り、杉風(さ んぷう)が別墅(べっしょ)に移(うつ)るに、
草の戸も 住替(すみかわる)る代(よ)ぞ ひなの家
面八句(おもてはちく)を庵(いおり)の柱（はしら）にかけ置（お）く。
The days and months are travelers of eternity, just like
the years that come and go.
For those who pass their lives afloat on boats, or face old age leading horses tight by the bridle, their journeying is life, their journeying is home.
And many are the men of old who met their end upon the road.
How long ago, I wonder, did I see a drift of cloud borne away upon the wind, and ceaseless dreams of wandering become aroused?
Only last year, I had been wandering along the coasts and bays; and in the autumn, I swept away the cobwebs from my tumbledown hut on the banks of the Sumida and soon afterwards saw the old year out.
But when the spring mists rose up into the sky, the gods of desire possessed me, and burned my mind with the longing to go beyond the barrierat Shirakawa.
The spirits of the road beckoned me, and I could not concentrate on anything. So I patched up my trousers, put new cords in my straw hat, and strengthened my knees with moxa.
Avision of the moon at Matsushima was already in my mind. I sold my hut and wrote this just before moving to a cottage owned by Sampū:
even this grass hut
could for the new owner be a festive house of dolls!
This was the first of an eight verse sequence, which I left hanging on a post inside the hut.
０２ 旅立ち（たびだち）
弥生(やよい)も末(すえ)の七日、あけぼのの空朧々(ろうろう)として、月はありあけにて光お さまれるものから、富士(ふじ)の嶺(みね)かすかに見えて、上野(うえの)・谷中(やなか)の花 の梢(こずえ)、またいつかはと心ぼそし。
むつましきかぎりは宵(よい)よりつどひて、舟に乗(の）りて送る。
千じゆといふ所にて舟をあがれば、前途(せんど)三千里（さんぜんり）の思い胸（むね）に ふさがりて、幻（まぼろし）のちまたに離別(りべつ)の泪(なみだ)をそそぐ。
行(ゆ）く春や 鳥啼(なき)魚(うお)の 目は泪（なみだ）
これを矢立(やたて)の初(はじめ)として、行（ゆ）く道なを進まず。
人々は途中(みちなか)に立(た）ちならびて、後(うし）ろかげの見ゆるまではと見送(みおく）
るなるべし。
It was the twenty-seventh day of the Third Month [16 May].
There was a wan, thinning moon, and in the first pale
light of dawn, the summit of Mount Fuji could be dimly seen.
I wondered if I should ever see the cherry trees of Ueno and Yanaka again. My closest friends, who had gathered together the night before, got on the boat to see me off.
We disembarked at Senju, and my heart was overwhelmed by the prospect of the vast journey ahead.
Ephemeral though I know the world to be, when I stood at the crossroads of parting, I wept goodbye.
the spring is passing – the birds all mourn and fishes' eyes are wet with tears
I wrote this verse to begin my travel diary, and then we started off, though it was hard to proceed.
Behind, my friends were standing in a row, as if to watch till we were lost to sight.
=====
disembark
【他動】上陸させる
【変化】《動》disembarks | disembarking | disembarked、【分節】dis・em・bark
ephemeral
【形】はかない、短命の、一日限りの◆人生や存在が短いことを意味する形容詞。芸術分野 でよく使われ、文語的で教養を感じさせる言葉である。どちらかといえば、ポジティブなニ ュアンスを持つことが多く、「短命の美」の好例として、桜の花の見ごろの短さなどを、こ の語で表現する。「短命な」「つかの間の」という意味では、momentary、fleeting、transitory、
transient、short-lived などの語が一般的によく使われる。
・Some insects have an ephemeral life. 昆虫の中には、短命のものもいる。
・Does love last forever or is it ephemeral? 愛は永遠に続くのか、それともはかないのだ ろうか。
【分節】e・phem・er・al
０３ 草加（そうか）
ことし元禄(げんろく)二(ふた)とせにや、奥羽(おうう)長途(ちょうど)の行脚(あんぎゃ)ただ かりそめに思ひたちて、呉天(ごてん)に白髪(はくはつ)の恨(うら）みを重(かさ)ぬといへど も、耳にふれていまだ目に見ぬ境（さかい）、もし生(いき)て帰らばと、定(さだめ)なき頼（た の）みの末（すえ）をかけ、その日ようよう早加(そうか)といふ宿(しゅく)にたどり着(つ）
きにけり。
痩骨(そうこつ)の肩（かた）にかかれるもの、まずくるしむ。
ただ身（み）すがらにと出（い）で立(た）ちはべるを、帋子(かみこ)一衣(いちえ)は夜の防
（ふせ）ぎ、ゆかた・雨具(あまぐ)・墨筆(すみふで)のたぐひ、あるはさりがたき餞(はなむ け)などしたるは、さすがに打捨(うちすて)がたくて、路頭(ろとう)の煩(わずらい)となれる こそわりなけれ。
So that year – the second year of Genroku [1689] – I had suddenly taken it into my head to make the long journey into the deep north, to see with my own eyes places that I had only heard about,despite hardships enough to turn my hair white.
I should be lucky to come back alive, but I staked my
fortune on that uncertain hope.
We barely managed to reach the post-town of Sōka by night fall.
My greatest burden was the pack I carried on my thin, bony shoulders.
I had planned to set out
travelling light, but had ended up taking a paper coat to keep out the cold at night, a cotton dressing gown, rainwear, and ink and brushes, as well as various farewell presents that I could not refuse and that had to be accepted as burdens on the way.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
stake
【1-名-1】賭け、賭け金、賞金（額）、利害（関係）
・A little girl's life is at stake. 少女の命が懸かってるんだ。
【1-名-2】競馬のレース、投資額、出資額
【1-名-3】（提携・買収・引き受けしようとする企業の）利益◆【参考】buy stake in
【1-名-4】引き受けるべき債権と債務
【1-他動】～に資金を与える、資金援助する、～を賭ける
・Nothing stake, nothing draw. 《諺》何も賭けなければ何も取れない。
・It was a last-ditch effort upon which the existence were
staked. 存亡をかけた決死の出陣であった。
【2-名】杭、棒、支柱、火あぶり（刑）の柱
・He drove stakes into the ground. 彼は地面に杭を打ち込んだ。
【2-他動】～を杭で区画する、杭につなぐ、杭で支える、杭で固定する
【＠】ステイク、【変化】《動》stakes | staking | staked
０４ 室の八島（むろのやしま）
室(むろ)の八嶋(やしま)に詣(けい)す。
同行(どうぎょう)曽良(そら)がいわく、「この神（かみ）は木(こ)の花さくや姫(ひめ)の神（か み）ともうして富士(ふじ)一躰(いったい)なり。
無戸室(うつむろ)に入(い）りて焼(や）きたまふちかひのみ中に、火火出見(ほほでみ)のみこ と生れたまひしより室(むろ)の八嶋(やしま)ともうす。
また煙(けむり)を読習(よみならわ)しはべるもこの謂(いわれ)なり」。
はた、このしろといふ魚を禁(きん)ず。
縁記(えんぎ)のむね世（よ）に伝(つた)ふこともはべりし。
We went to see the shrine of Muro-no-yashima [The Oven-like Chamber]. Sora, my travelling companion, told me its story:
'The shrine is dedicated to Konohana Sakuya Hime [Princess of Flowering Blossoms], the goddess worshipped at Mount Fuji.
The name Muro-no-yashima refers
to the chamber that the goddess entered and set on fire, to prove that her pregnancy was legitimate.
The son she bore there was called Hohodemi [Born of the Flames]. This is why
poems about the place often mention smoke.
' This must also be the reason why a fish called konoshiro is never eaten here.
When grilled, it smells like burning human flesh.
=============
legitimate
【形-1】合法の、合法的な、適法の、正当な、正規の、正統の、本物の、正真正銘の、本式 の
・She had a legitimate right to the money. 彼女はそのお金に対して正当な権利を持って いた。
【形-2】合理的な、論理的な、筋の通った、道理にかなった、適当な、まともな、確かな
【形-3】嫡出の
【他動】～を合法化する、正当化する
【＠】レジティメイト、レジティメット、【変化】《動》legitimates | legitimating | legitimated、【分節】le・git・i・mate
０５ 仏五左衛門(ほとけござえもん)
卅日(みそか)、日光山(にっこうざん)の梺(ふもと)に泊(とま)る。
あるじのいいけるやう、「わが名を仏五左衛門(ほとけござえもん)といふ。よろず正直(しょ うじき)をむねとするゆえに、人かくはもうしはべるまま、一夜(いちや)の草の枕(まくら)も うとけて休みたまへ」といふ。
いかなる仏（ほとけ）の濁世塵土(じょくせじんど)に示現(じげん)して、かかる桑門(そうも ん)の乞食順礼(こつじきじゅんれい)ごときの人をたすけたまふにやと、あるじのなすこと に心をとどめてみるに、ただ無智無分別(むちむふんべつ)にして、正直偏固(しょうじきへん こ)の者（もの）なり。
剛毅木訥(ごうきぼくとつ)の仁(じん)に近きたぐひ、気禀(きひん)の清質(せいしつ)もっとも 尊(とうと)ぶべし。
On the last night of the third month [19 May], we found lodgings at the foot of Mount Nikkō.
The innkeeper introduced himself as Gozaemon the Buddha.
'I'm known as that because I put
honesty first and foremost in everything I do.
You can sleep here safe tonight with your minds at ease.'
We wondered what kind of Buddha it was that had taken on human form in this troubled, filthy world to help two beggar pilgrims.
I observed him carefully, and saw that, however ignorant or clumsy he might have seemed, he was indeed a man of stubborn honesty.
He was a man close to the Confucian ideal of Perfection:
strong, simple, straightforward. I found his purity of heart most admirable.
０６ 日光（にっこう）
卯月(うづき)朔日(ついたち)、御山(おやま)に詣拝(けいはい)す。
往昔（そのむかし）この御山(おやま)を二荒山(ふたらさん)と書きしを、空海大師(くうかい だいし)開基(かいき)の時、日光と改(あらた）めたまふ。
千歳未来(せんざいみらい)をさとりたまふにや。
今この御光(みひかり)一天(いってん)にかかやきて、恩沢八荒(おんたくはっこう)にあふれ、
四民安堵(しみんあんど)の栖(すみか)穏(おだやか)なり。
猶(なお)憚(はばかり)多くて筆（ふで）をさし置(おき)ぬ。
あらたうと 青葉若葉(あおばわかば)の 日の光
On the first day of the fourth month [20 May], we went to worship at the mountain shrine.
In ancient times, the name of the mountain was written Ni-kō [the Mountain of Two Storms]; but when the great teacher Kūkai built a temple here, he changed the name to Nik-ko [Sunlight].
He must have had the power to see a thousand years beyond, for the radiance of the shrine now
shines throughout the heavens.
Its blessings flow over the land to the farthest corners, and all the people live in security and peace.
I was awestruck, barely able to tell it in words:
how holy a place …
green leaves, young leaves, and through them the sunlight now bursts
===========
awe-struck
【形】恐れかしこまった、威厳に打たれた、畏敬の念を起こした、畏敬の念に打たれた
０７ 黒髪山(くろかみやま)
黒髪山(くろかみやま)は霞(かすみ)かかりて、雪いまだ白し。
剃捨(そりすて)て 黒髪山(くろかみやま)に 衣更(ころもがえ) 曽良 曽良（そら）は河合氏(かわいうじ)にして、惣五郎(そうごろう)といへり。
芭蕉（ばしょう）の下葉(したば)に軒(のき)をならべて、よが薪水(しんすい)の労(ろう)をた すく。
このたび松島（まつしま）・象潟(きさがた)の眺(ながめ)ともにせんことを悦(よろこ)び、か つは羈旅(きりょ)の難(なん)をいたはらんと、旅(たび）立つ暁(あかつき)髪(かみ)を剃(そ）
りて墨染(すみぞめ)にさまをかえ、惣五(そうご)を改(あらため)て宗悟(そうご)とす。
よって黒髪山(くろかみやま)の句(く)あり。
「衣更(ころもがえ)」の二字(にじ)力(ちから)ありてきこゆ。
廿余丁(にじゅうよちょう)山を登つて瀧(たき)あり。
岩洞(がんとう)の頂(いただき)より飛流(ひりゅう)して百尺(はくせき)、千岩(せんがん)の碧 潭(へきたん)に落(お）ちたり。
岩窟(がんくつ)に身(み)をひそめ入(い）りて瀧(たき)の裏(うら)より見れば、裏見（うらみ）
の瀧(たき)ともうし伝(つた)えはべるなり。
しばらくは 瀧(たき)に籠(こも)るや 夏(げ)の初(はじめ)
Mount Kurokami [Mount Raven Hair], though veiled in mist, was still white with snow.
Sora composed a poem:
I shaved off my hair and now at Kurokami I change to new clothes
Sora is his pen name. His real name is Kawai Sōgorō.
He built a house beside the lower leaves of
my bashō tree, and used to help me with the chores of chopping firewood and drawing water.
He was delighted at the thought of seeing Matsushima and Kisagata, and came to keep me company
and share the hardships of the road.
The morning we left, he shaved his head, changed into a priest's black robes, and took the name of Sōgo [the Enlightened One].
That is why he wrote the Mount Kurokami poem.
The words 'I change to new clothes' I find particularly effective.
A mile or so up the mountain was a waterfall.
The water leaps forth from a hollow in the ridge
and tumbles down a hundred feet into a dark green pool strewn with a thousand stones.
You can squeeze between the rocks and the cascade, and see the waterfall from behind. Hence its name Urami-no-taki [Rear View Falls].
alone behind the
waterfall a little while – now summer retreat
０８ 那須（なす）
那須(なす)の黒ばねといふ所(ところ)に知人(しるひと)あれば、これより野越(のごえ)にかか りて、直道(すぐみち)をゆかんとす。
遥(はるか)に一村(いっそん)を見かけて行(ゆ）くに、雨降(ふ）り日暮(く）るる。
農夫(のうふ)の家に一夜(いちや)をかりて、明(あく)ればまた野中(のなか)を行(ゆ）く。
そこに野飼(のがい)の馬あり。
草刈(か）る男の子（おのこ）になげきよれば、野夫(やふ)といへどもさすがに情(なさけ)し らぬには非(あら)ず。
「いかがすべきや。されどもこの野は縦横(じゅうおう)にわかれて、うゐうゐ（ういうい）
しき旅人(たびびと)の道ふみたがえむ、あやしうはべれば、この馬のとどまる所にて馬を返 したまへ」と、かしはべりぬ。
ちいさき者ふたり、馬の跡(あと)したひて走る。
独(ひとり)は小姫(こひめ)にて、名をかさねといふ。
聞きなれぬ名のやさしかりければ、
かさねとは 八重撫子(やえなでしこ)の 名(な)成(な）るべし 曽良
やがて人里(ひとざと)にいたれば、あたひを鞍(くら)つぼに結付(むすびつ）けて、馬を返(か え)しぬ。
I had an acquaintance who lived in Kurobanein Nasu, so we decided to take the shortest route,
straight across the plain.
We took a bearing from a village in the distance, but as we walked, the
rain began to fall and the darkness closed in.
We took lodgings for the night at a farmhouse, and next morning started off again across the plain.
We came upon a horse grazing and a farmer cutting grass.
We asked him the way. Although a
simple, rustic man, he was full of sympathy.
He pondered a while, then said, 'What would be the best thing to do?
The trails here criss-cross all over the place, and strangers like you could
easily get lost.
That worries me. I'll let you have the horse.
When he won't go any further, just
send him back.' And with that, he leant us his horse.
Two small children followed us, running behind the horse.
One of them, a little girl, was called Kasane [Double].
It was such an unusual and charming name that Sora wrote about it:
Kasane must be
the name given the wildpink with double petals
Before long, we reached a village and turned the horse back home, with some money tied to the saddle.
０９ 黒羽(くろばね)
黒羽(くろばね)の館代(かんだい)浄坊寺(じょうほうじ)何(なに)がしの方(かた)におとずる。
思ひがけぬあるじの悦(よろこ)び、日夜(にちや)語(かた）りつづけて、その弟(おとうと)桃 翠(とうすい）などいふが、朝夕(ちょうせき)勤(つと）めとぶらひ、自(みずから)の家にも伴 (ともな)ひて、親属(しんぞく)の方（かた）にもまねかれ、日をふるままに、日とひ郊外(こ うがい)に逍遙(しょうよう)して、犬追物(いぬおうもの)の跡(あと)を一見(いっけん)し、那須 (なす)の篠原(しのはら)をわけて玉藻の前(たまものまえ)の古墳(こふん)をとふ。
それより八幡宮(はちまんぐう)に詣(もう）ず。
与一(よいち)扇(おうぎ)の的(まと)を射(い)し時、「べっしては我国氏神(わがくにのうじがみ) 正八(しょうはち)まん」とちかひしもこの神社(じんじゃ)にてはべると聞けば、感應(かんの う)殊(ことに)しきりに覚(おぼ)えらる。
暮(くるれば桃翠(とうすい)宅(たく)に帰る。
修験光明寺(しゅげんこうみょうじ)といふあり。
そこにまねかれて行者堂(ぎょうじゃどう)を拝(はい)す。
夏山(なつやま)に 足駄(あしだ)をおがむ かどでかな
We called on Jōbōji, the senior pro-governor of Kurobane . He was delighted to see us so
unexpectedly, and kept us chatting away days and nights together.
His younger brother, Tōsui,
seized every chance to talk with us, and invited us to his own home, as well as introducing us to his relatives and friends.
And so the time passed by.
One day, we took a stroll to the outskirts of the town, and saw the remains of the old dog shooting
grounds.*
We pressed further out on to the plains to pay our respects at the tomb of Lady Tamamo, and then at the shrine of Hachiman. We were especially moved when we heard that it was to this god
that Yoichi had cried, as he aimed his arrow at the fan.**
As darkness fell, we returned to Tōsui's house.
Nearby, there was a mountain-cult temple called Kōmyōji. We were invited there, and worshipped in the Hall of the Ascetic:
in summer mountains
we say prayers before the shoes … journey now begins
*dog-shooting grounds a reference to a game in which horse-riders competed to shoot a dog with blunted arrow heads.
**as he aimed his arrow at the fan a celebrated challenge recorded in earlier history and literature.
Nasu no Yoichi was commanded to shoot at a fan held up by a woman on a swaying boat some two hundred and fifty yards away.
He prays to Hachiman, the guardian deity of the samurai, for success, declaring that he will kill himself
should the arrow miss. But he hits his target.
========
blunt
【名】〈米俗〉マリファナ・タバコ
【形-1】（刃・先などが）とがっていない、切れ味の悪い◆【対】sharp
【形-2】（感覚などが）鈍い、他人の気持ちを考慮しない
【形-3】無愛想な、無遠慮な、ぶっきらぼうな、きっぱりとした、率直な、単刀直入の
・Can I be blunt with you? 遠慮なく話してもいいですか？
・My brother is very blunt. 兄はまっすぐに物を言う。
・To be blunt, you're not that important. 遠慮なく言えば、君はそれほど重要じゃない
・Sometimes he says things that are just too blunt for people. ときどき彼は人にあまり にもぶっきらぼうなことを言う。
【自動】（刃物の切れ味・人の感覚などが）鈍くなる
【他動】（刃物の切れ味・人の感覚などを）鈍らせる
【＠】ブラント、【変化】《形》blunter | bluntest、《動》blunts | blunting | blunted
deity
【名】神、神性
・The ancient tribe worshipped a deity that looked like a bird. その古代民族は、鳥に似 た姿の神をあがめていた。
【＠】デーアテー、ディーアティ、【変化】《複》deities、【分節】de・i・ty
１０ 雲巌寺(うんがんじ)
当国(とうごく)雲巌寺(うんがんじ)のおくに佛頂和尚(ぶっちょうおしょう)山居跡(さんきょ のあと)あり。
竪横(たてよこ)の 五尺(ごしゃく)にたらぬ 草(くさ)の庵(いお) むすぶもくやし 雨なかりせば
と、松の炭(すみ)して岩に書き付(つ）けはべりと、いつぞや聞こえたまふ。
その跡(あと)みむと雲岸寺(うんがんじ)に杖(つえ)をひけば、人々すすんでともにいざなひ、
若(わか)き人おほく、道のほど打(う）ちさはぎて、おぼえずかの梺(ふもと)にいたる。
山はおくあるけしきにて、谷道(たにみち)はるかに、松(まつ)杉(すぎ)黒く、苔(こけ)しただ りて、卯月(うづき)の天今なお寒(さむ)し。
十景(じっけい)つくる所(ところ)、橋(はし)をわたつて山門(さんもん)に入(い）る。
さて、かの跡(あと)はいづくのほどにやと、後(うし）ろの山によぢのぼれば、石上(せき じょう)の小庵(しょうあん)岩窟(がんくつ)にむすびかけたり。
妙禅師(みょうぜんじ)の死関(しかん)、法雲法師(ほううんほうし)の石室(せきしつ)を見るが ごとし。
木啄(きつつき)も 庵(いお)はやぶらず 夏木立(なつこだち) と、とりあへぬ一句（く）を柱（はしら）に残(のこ）しはべりし。
Behind Unganji temple in this province,
up in the mountains, was a hermitage where the priest Butchō used to live.
Butchō once told me that he had inscribed the following poem on a rock, in
charcoal made from pine:
Oh how much I loathe building a shelter at all, even a grass-thatched
hut not five feet long or wide – if only it never rained …
I wanted to see what remained of the hut, and so, walking-staff in hand, I set out. A group of
young people accompanied me on the way,
chattering away happily, and before I knew it we had reached the foot of the mountain.
It seemed so deep. A valley path stretched far into
the distance, lined by darkly clustering pines and cedars.
Dew dripped from the moss, and even though it was the Fourth Month [early summer], the air still felt cold.
When we had passed all the Ten Sights,*
we crossed a bridge and the temple gate.
Eager to discover the site of the hermitage, I scrambled up the hill behind the temple to a tiny hut built upon a rock, leaning against a cave.
It was like coming upon the Death Gate of the monk
Miao, or the stone chamber of the monk Fayun.
I left an impromptu verse on a post in the hut:
even woodpeckers
leave the hermitage untouched in the summer trees
* all the Ten Sights according to Bashō's companion, Sora, these sights were mainly prominent rocks, buildings, and clumps of plum and bamboo, within the temple precincts.
===========
loathe
【他動】～をひどく嫌う
・I loathe dishonesty. 私は不正直が大嫌いだ。
【＠】ロウズ、【変化】《動》loathes | loathing | loathed
dew
【名】露、しずく、純粋なもの、みずみずしさ
・The grass was damp with the morning dew. 草は朝露でぬれていた。
【＠】デュー
hermitage
【名】隠者の住処［生活］
【＠】ハーミテッジ、【分節】her・mit・age
impromptu
【名】即興曲［演奏・演説・詩］
【形】即興の、即席の、準備［用意］なしの、場当たり的な、当座しのぎの、緊急の、有り 合わせの
・I gave an impromptu speech at the dinner. 私は夕食のときに即席の演説をした。
【副】即興で、即座に、準備［用意］なしに、場当たり的に、当座しのぎで、緊急に、すか さず
【＠】インプロンプチュ、【分節】im・promp・tu
precinct
【名-1】〈米〉（行政上の）地区、管区、警察管区、投票区
・This housing development is part of the 14th electoral precinct.
この新興住宅地は、第14選挙区の一部だ。
【名-2】〈主に英〉（寺院・教会などの）境内◆通例 precincts
【名-3】（境界で区切られた）区域
【名-4】境界線◆通例 precincts
【名-5】《precincts》周辺、近郊
【＠】プリーシンクト、【変化】《複》precincts、【分節】pre・cinct
１１ 殺生石・遊行柳(せっしょうせき・ゆぎょうやなぎ）
これより殺生石(せっしょうせき)に行(ゆ）く。
館代(かんだい)より馬にて送(おく)らる。
この口付(つ）きの男の子（おのこ）、短冊(たんじゃく)得(え)させよとこう。
やさしきことを望(のぞ）みはべるものかなと、
野(の)を横(よこ)に 馬(うま)ひきむけよ ほととぎす 殺生石(せっしょうせき)は温泉(いでゆ)の
出（い）づる山陰(やまかげ)にあり。
石の毒気(どくけ)いまだほろびず。
蜂(はち)蝶(ちょう)のたぐひ真砂(まさご)の色の見えぬほどかさなり死す。
また、清水(しみず)ながるるの柳(やなぎ)は蘆野(あしの)の里にありて田の畔(くろ)に残(の こ)る。
この所(ところ)の郡守(ぐんしゅ)戸部(こほう)某(なにがし)のこの柳(やなぎ)見せばやなど、
おりおりにのたまひ聞こえたまふを、いづくのほどにやと思ひしを、今日この柳(やなぎ)の かげにこそ立ち寄(よ）りはべりつれ。
田(た)一枚(いちまい) 植(う）えて立ち去(さ)る 柳(やなぎ)かな
From Kurobane, I headed towards the Killing Stone on a horse lent to us by Jōbōji. The man
leading the horse asked if I would write a poem for him.
Pleasantly surprised that he had such artistic interests, I gave him this:
turn the horse's head
towards the plain; pull there now!
a cuckoo's calling …
The Killing Stone stands in dark mountain shadow near a hot spring. The gases emanating from
the rock were full of poison still.
So many bees and butterflies and other insects lay dead in heaps around it, you couldn't tell the colour of the sand.
At Ashino, the weeping willow that Saigyō celebrated, 'where pure and crystal water flows',
stands on the bank between two rice-fields.
A local official there, a man called Kohō, had often said how much he would like to show me the tree, and I'd often wondered exactly where it
stood. Now, I rested in its shade:
one whole field of rice had all been sown – before I left the willow-tree
=============
emanate
【自他動】発する、発散する、放射する、広がる、広まる、出てくる、生じる
・Strange noises emanate from the car. 車から変な音がする。
・The light emanated from the fire with great intensity. 炎が強烈な光を放った。
【＠】エマネイト、【変化】《動》emanates | emanating | emanated、【分節】em・a・nate
１２ 白河（しらかわ）
心もとなき日かず重(かさ）なるままに、白河(しらかわ)の関(せき)にかかりて、旅心(たびご ころ)定(さだ）まりぬ。
いかで都(みやこ)へと便(たより)求(もと）めしもことわりなり。
中にもこの関(せき)は三関(さんかん)の一(いつ)にして、風騒(ふうそう)の人、心をとどむ。
秋風を耳に残（のこ）し、紅葉(もみじ)を俤(おもかげ)にして、青葉(あおば)の梢(こずえ)な おあはれなり。
卯(う)の花の白妙(しろたえ)に、茨(いばら)の花の咲(さ）きそひて、雪にもこゆる心地(ここ ち)ぞする。
古人(こじん)冠(かんむり)を正(ただ)し、衣装(いしょう)を改(あらた）めしことなど、清輔(き よすけ)の筆(ふで)にもとどめ置(お）かれしとぞ。
卯(う)の花を かざしに関(せき)の 晴着(はれぎ)かな 曽良(そら)
Day after day had passed in vague uneasiness;
but now we approached the Barrier at Shirakawa, and, for the first time, I felt that our journey had truly begun.
I could understand why the poet*
had felt at this spot that he wanted to send word to the people in the capital that he had crossed the Barrier.
As one of the Three Barriers to the north,
Shirakawa has always appealed to poets and writers.
Yet even as I delighted in the green leaves of the trees, an autumn wind seemed to sound in my ears, and crimson leaves danced in my mind's eye.
The whiteness of deutzia, the white rambling roses, made us feel as if we were crossing the Barrier in snow.
According to Kiyosuke,** people
of long ago straightened their hats as they crossed, and changed their clothes.
Sora wrote:
sprigs of deutzia
adorn our hats – formal dress
for the barrier
*why the poet an allusion to a poem by
Taira no Kanemori (d. 990), in which he expresses the wish to tell the
people in the capital that he had crossed the Barrier.
For him, as for Bashō, the Shirakawa Barrier clearly represented an emotional and psychological
crossing-point, as well as a simple geographical frontier.
**Kiyosuke a writer (1104-77), whose book on poetics records the tradition of changing clothes upon crossing the Shirakawa Barrier.
=========
deutzia
【名】《植物》ウツギ
rambling
【形-1】ブラブラ歩く、放浪性の、まとまりのない、とりとめのない
【形-2】（家屋が）だだっ広い、むやみに広い
adorn
【他動】装飾する、魅力的にする、飾る
・The woman adorned her head with a lovely hat. その女性は頭を美しい帽子で飾ってい た。
【＠】アドーン、【変化】《動》adorns | adorning | adorned、【分節】a・dorn
allusion
【名】さりげない言及、ほのめかし、間接的な言及、隠喩、（あることをほのめかすために する）引用
・He made an allusion to a poem by Robert Frost. 彼はロバート・フロストの詩の一編を さりげなくほのめかした。
【＠】アリュージョン、【変化】《複》allusions、【分節】al・lu・sion
１３ 須賀川（すかがわ）
とかくして越(こ）え行(ゆ）くままに、あぶくま川を渡(わた)る。
左に会津根(あいづね)高く、右に岩城(いわき)・相馬(そうま)・三春(みはる)の庄(しょう)、
常陸(ひたち)・下野(しもつけ)の地をさかひて、山つらなる。
かげ沼といふ所(ところ)を行(ゆ）くに、今日は空(そら)曇(くもり)て物影(ものかげ)うつら ず。
須賀川（すかがわ）の駅に等窮(とうきゅう)といふものを尋(たず）ねて、四、五日とどめら る。
まず白河(しらかわ)の関(せき)いかにこえつるやと問(と）う。
「長途(ちょうど)のくるしみ、身心(しんじん)つかれ、かつは風景(ふうけい)に魂(たましい) うばはれ、懐旧(かいきゅう)に腸(はらわた)を断(た）ちて、はかばかしう思ひめぐらさず。
風流(ふうりゅう)の 初(はじめ)やおくの 田植(たうえ)うた
無下(むげ)にこえんもさすがに」と語(かた)れば、脇(わき)・第三(だいさん)とつづけて、三 巻(みまき)となしぬ。
この宿(しゅく)のかたわらに、大きなる栗(くり)の木陰(こかげ)をたのみて、世（よ）をいと ふ僧(そう)あり。
橡(とち)ひろふ太山(みやま)もかくやとしづかに覚(おぼ）えられてものに書き付(つ)はべる。
其詞(そのことば)、
栗（くり）といふ文字（もんじ）は西の木と書きて
西方浄土(さいほうじょうど)に便(たより)ありと、行基菩薩(ぎょうきぼさつ)の一生(いっ しょう)
杖(つえ)にも柱(はしら)にもこの木を用(もち）いたまふとかや。
世（よ）の人の 見付(つ）けぬ花や 軒(のき)の栗(くり)
We passed the Barrier and crossed the Abukuma River.
On our left, the peak of Aizu soared up
high; on our right, the districts of Iwaki, Sōma and Miharu stretched out; behind us, the range of hills that separated the provinces of Hitachi and Shimotsuke.
We passed Kagenuma [Shadow
Pond], but the sky was overcast that day, and so there were no reflections.
At the post town of Sukagawa, we visited a poet called Tōkyū, who put us up for four or five
days.
The first thing he asked was, 'How did you feel as you crossed the Barrier at Shirakawa?' I
replied that the hardships of our long journey had exhausted me in body and spirit.
Enchanted by the beauty of the landscape, and so much moved by the memories of
the past that it awakened, I had not been able to compose a decent poem.
Yet it would be a shame to let the crossing go unrecorded. So I wrote:
imagination's birth! a song for planting rice in the deep far north
From this opening, we added a second verse and then a third, until we had completed three sequences.
On the outskirts of the town, in the shade of a huge chestnut tree, there lived a monk who had turned his back upon the world.
The lonely quietness of his hermitage reminded me of another place deep in the mountains, where horse chestnuts had been gathered. I jotted down a few words:
The character for 'chestnut' means 'westtree', indicating its connection with the Paradise to the
West.
It's said that the priest Gyōgi used the wood all his life for his walking-sticks and the
pillars of his house:
people in the world
hardly notice these blossoms – chestnuts by the eaves
１４ 安積山（あさかやま）
等窮(とうきゅう)が宅(たく)を出（い）でて五里(ごり)ばかり、桧皮(ひわだ)の宿(しゅく)を 離(はな)れて安積山（あさかやま）あり。
路(みち)より近(ちか)し。
このあたり沼(ぬま)多し。
かつみ刈(か）るころもやや近(ちこ)うなれば、いづれの草を花かつみとはいふぞと、人々に 尋（たず）ねはべれども、さらに知(し）る人なし。
沼(ぬま)を尋（たず）ね、人に問（と）ひ、かつみかつみと尋（たず）ねありきて、日は山 の端(は)にかかりぬ。
二本松(にほんまつ)より右にきれて、黒塚(くろづか)の岩屋(いわや)一見(いっけん)し、福島 (ふくしま)に宿(やど)る。
Some twelve miles or so from Tōkyū's house, just beyond Hiwada, is Mount Asaka. It rises up close to the road, and there are many marshes round about.
It was almost the season for picking
katsumi iris. We kept on asking, 'Which plant is the flowering katsumi ?'
But no-one knew. We
wandered about the marshes, asking everyone the same question, till the sun sank behind the rim of the hills.
We turned off to the right at Nihonmatsu, paid a hasty visit to the cave at Kurozuka, and stopped for the night at Fukushima.
＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝
marsh
【名】沼地、湿地、低湿地
・In the spring, the marsh came to life with frogs, birds and snakes. 春にはカエルや鳥 やヘビのような生物で沼地は活気づいた。
【＠】マーシュ、【変化】《複》marshes
１５ 忍ぶの里（しのぶのさと）
あくれば、しのぶもぢ摺(ずり)の石を尋（たず）ねて、忍(しの)ぶのさとに行(ゆ）く。
遥(はるか)山陰(やまかげ)の小里(こざと)に石なかば土に埋(うず）もれてあり。
里の童(わら)べの来たりて教(おし）えける。
昔(むかし)はこの山の上にはべりしを、往来(ゆきき)の人の麦草(むぎくさ)をあらして、この 石を試(こころ）みはべるをにくみて、この谷(たに)につき落（お）とせば、石の面(おもて) 下ざまにふしたりといふ。
さもあるべきことにや。
早苗(さなえ)とる 手もとや昔(むかし) しのぶ摺(ずり)
The following morning, we set off to Shinobu in search of the Fern-print Rock.
We found it half buried in the soil of a remote hamlet over-shadowed by a mountain.
Some village children came
up and told us that, in the old days, the stone had stood on top of the mountain.
But the people
who went up there to rub the cloth on the stone with ferns had torn off leaves of barley too.
The farmers had become so annoyed, they had pushed the stone down into the valley – which was why it was now lying upside down.
The story was not impossible:
hands planting seedlings
were hands once rubbing patterns with ferns, long ago
===========
fern
【名-1】シダ
・Her ferns died because she forgot to water them. 水をやり忘れたせいで、彼女のシダは 枯れてしまった。
【名-2】柔らかな緑色
【＠】ファーン、【変化】《複》ferns
barley
【名】オオムギ
・The soup was a mix of barley, vegetables, and meat. そのスープにはオオムギと野菜と 肉が入っていた。
【＠】バーリー、バーレイ、【分節】bar・ley
１６ 佐藤庄司が旧跡(さとうしょうじがきゅうせき)
月の輪(わ)のわたしを超（こ）えて、瀬(せ)の上といふ宿(しゅく)に出(い)づ。
佐藤庄司(さとうしょうじ)が旧跡(きゅうせき)は、左の山際(やまぎわ)一里半(いちりはん)ば かりにあり。
飯塚(いいづか)の里鯖野(さばの)と聞きて尋(たず)ね尋(たず)ね行(ゆ）くに、丸山(まるやま) といふに尋（たず）ねあたる。
これ、庄司(しょうじ)が旧跡(きゅうせき)なり。
梺(ふもと)に大手(おおて)の跡(あと)など、人の教(おし)ゆるにまかせて泪(なみだ)を落（お）
とし、またかたはらの古寺(ふるでら)に一家(いっけ)の石碑(せきひ)を残(のこ)す。
中にも、二人の嫁(よめ)がしるし、まず哀(あわ）れなり。
女なれどもかひがひしき名の世に聞こえつるものかなと、袂(たもと)をぬらしぬ。
堕涙(だるい)の石碑(せきひ)も遠(とお)きにあらず。
寺に入（い）りて茶(ちゃ)を乞(こ)へば、ここに義経(よしつね)の太刀(たち)、弁慶(べんけい) が笈(おい)をとどめて什物(じゅうもつ)とす。
笈(おい)も太刀(たち)も 五月(さつき)にかざれ 帋幟(かみのぼり) 五月(さつき)朔日(ついたち)のことなり。
The ruined mansion where Satō Shōji had once lived was about four
miles away on the left, close to the mountains.
We were told it was at Sabano, in the village of Iizuka.
We asked directions as we went along, until we came to a place called Maruyama. This was where the warrior's house had stood.
They told us that the Great Gate had been down at the foot of the mountain, and my eyes glazed with tears.
Still standing at an old temple nearby were the tombstones of the family. The most moving were the memorials to the two young wives.*
Women though they were, they left behind them such a name for courage. My sleeve was wet with tears. You do not have to go so very far away to find a tombstone that makes you weep. **
We went inside the temple to ask for tea, and saw that, among its treasures, were the sword of
Yoshitsune and the satchel-basket that Benkei carried:
both sword and satchel
shown for Boys' Festive Day, when paper banners fly
It was the first day of the fifth month [18 June].
*the two young wives a reference to the widows of two warrior brothers, Satō Tsugunobu (1158-85) and Tadanobu (1161-86).
After their deaths, to console their mother, the two widows are said to have donned soldiers' armour to pretend they were her sons returning in triumph.
**a tombstone that makes you weep the tombstone in question was built by local people in honour of Yang-hu (221-78), an especially respected governor.
All who saw it could not help weeping there.
===========
satchel
【名】学生かばん、小型かばん◆たいていの場合ショルダーストラップ付で本や衣類などを いれる。
・He put his books in his satchel. 彼は学生かばんに本をしまった。
【変化】《複》satchels、【分節】satch・el
don
【1-名-1】首領
・He was a don of the underworld. 彼は暗黒街の首領だった。
【1-名-2】貴族
【1-名-3】〈スペイン語〉～様
【1-名-4】スペインで男性につける敬称、スペイン紳士、スペイン人
【2-他動】（帽子などを）かぶる、着用する、身に着ける◆【反】doff
・He donned a hat while talking on the cell-phone [cellular phone, mobile-phone]. その
男は携帯電話で話しながら帽子をかぶった。
・The FBI agents donned protective gear before going inside. FBI 捜査官らは中に入る前 に防護服を着用した。
【＠】ダン、ドン、【変化】《動》dons | donning | donned
１７ 飯塚の里(いいづかのさと) その夜飯塚(いいづか)にとまる。
温泉(いでゆ)あれば湯(ゆ)に入（い）りて宿(やど)をかるに、土坐(どざ)に筵(むしろ)を敷(し き)て、あやしき貧家(ひんか)なり。
灯(ともしび)もなければ、ゐろりの火(ほ)かげに寝所(ねどころ)をまうけて臥(ふ)す。
夜(よる)に入（い）りて雷（かみ）鳴(なり)、雨しきりに降(ふり)て、臥(ふせ)る上よりもり、
蚤(のみ)・蚊(か)にせせられて眠(ねむ)らず。
持病(じびょう)さへおこりて、消入(きえいる)ばかりになん。
短夜(みじかよ)の空(そら)もやうやう明(あく)れば、また旅立(たびだち)ぬ。
なお、夜(よる)の余波(なごり)心すすまず、馬(うま)かりて桑折(こおり)の駅(えき)に出（い）
づる。
遥(はるか)なる行末(ゆくすえ)をかかえて、かかる病(やまい)覚束(おぼつか)なしといへど、
羇旅(きりょ)辺土(へんど)の行脚(あんぎゃ)、捨身(しゃしん)無常(むじょう)の観念(かんね ん)、道路(どうろ)にしなん、これ天の命(めい)なりと、気力(きりょく)いささかとり直(なお) し、路(みち)縦横(じゅうおう)に踏(ふん)で伊達(だて)の大木戸(おおきど)をこす。
We stayed the night at Iizuka. We bathed in the hot springs there, and then rented a room.
The inn turned out to be a wretched hovel, with straw mats spread over the dirt floor.
There wasn't even a lamp, so we made up our beds in the light from a hearth fire and lay down.
Throughout the night, the thunder rumbled, and therain poured down in torrents.
What with the roof leaking
down on us just where we lay, and the fleas and mosquitoes biting, I couldn't sleep at all.
To make matters worse, my old complaint flaredup again, causing such pain I almost fainted.
The short summer night came to an end atlast, and we set off again. I hired a horse to the poststation of Kōri, still feeling the after-effects ofthe night before.
I was worried about my sickness,
when such a great distance still remained ahead.
But I told myself that, when I'd started on this journey to the remotest regions, I'd been aware of
giving up all worldly things and facing life's transience.
If I should die on the road,that would be Heaven's will.
Such thoughts helped restore
my spirits a little, and I passed through
the Great Gate of Date with some boldness in my step.
=======
wretched
【形】不幸な、惨めな、哀れな、悲惨な、卑劣な、浅ましい、嫌な、ひどい
・She was a wretched person who hated everyone. 彼女はすべての人を憎んでいる不幸な 人物だった。
【＠】レッチェッド、レッチド、【分節】wretch・ed
《be ～》見る影もない
hovel
【名】あばら屋、物置
【＠】ホブル、ハブル、【変化】《複》hovels、【分節】hov・el
transience
【名】一時的であること、はかなさ、無常
【分節】tran・sience transience of human life
人生のはかなさ、浮世のはかなさ
boldness
【名】大胆さ、あつかましさ、目立つこと◆【形】bold
・Boldness is a positive characteristic for salesmen. 販売員にとって図太さはプラスの性 質である。
【＠】ボールドネス、ボウルドネス、【分節】bold・ness
１８ 笠嶋(かさじま)
鐙摺(あぶみずり)・白石(しろいし)の城(じょう)を過(すぎ)、笠嶋(かさじま)の郡(こおり)に入 (い)れば、藤中将実方(とうのちゅうじょうさねかた)の塚(つか)はいづくのほどならんと人 にとへば、これより遥(はるか)右(みぎ)に見ゆる山際(やまぎわ)の里をみのわ・笠嶋(かさじ ま)といい、道祖神(どうそじん)の社(やしろ)・かたみの薄(すすき)今にありと教(おし)ゆ。
このごろの五月雨(さみだれ)に道いとあしく、身(み)つかれはべれば、よそながら眺(ながめ) やりて過(すぐ)るに、蓑輪(みのわ)・笠嶋(かさじま)も五月雨(さみだれ)の折(おり)にふれた りと、
笠嶋(かさじま)は いづこさ月の ぬかり道
Passing by Abumizuri and Shiroishi castles, we arrived at the district of Kasajima, and inquired
about the grave of the governor Sanekata, of the Fujiwara family.
A man told us, 'Those villages
you can see at the foot of the mountain way off to the right are Minowa and Kasajima. The
shrine to the spirits of the road and the memorial of pampas-grass are still there.'
After the heavy rains of previous days, the road was in an awful state, and I was so tired that we
contented ourselves with simply looking that way as we trudged on.
The names Minowa
[Raincoat] and Kasajima [Umbrella] were so well suited to the rainy season that I wrote this
verse:
so whereabouts is
Rain-Hat isle? how far along muddy roads of June
We stayed the night at Iwanuma.
==============
trudge
【名】重い足取り、苦しい歩行
【自他動】重い足取りで［とぼとぼ・てくてく］歩く
・The men trudged through thick mud to get to the town. 男たちは町にたどり着こうと、
深いぬかるみを重い足取りで歩いていった。
【＠】トラッジ、【変化】《動》trudges | trudging | trudged
isle
【名】島、小島
・Let's get out of the boat on that little isle over there. 向こうに見えるあの小さな島でボ ートを降りよう。
【＠】アイル、【変化】《複》isles
１９ 武隈の松(たけくまのまつ) 岩沼(いわぬま)の宿(しゅく)
武隈の松(まつ)にこそ、目覚(さむ)る心地(ここち)はすれ。
根(ね)は土際(つちぎわ)より二木(ふたき)にわかれて、昔(むかし)の姿(すがた)うしなはずと しらる。
まず能因法師(のういんほうし)思ひ出（い）づ。
その昔(かみ)むつのかみにて下(くだ)りし人、この木を伐(きり)て、名取川(なとりがわ)の橋 杭(はしぐい)にせられたることなどあればにや、「松(まつ)はこのたび跡(あと)もなし」とは 詠(よみ)たり。
代々(よよ)、あるは伐(きり)、あるひは植継(うえつぎ)などせしと聞くに、今将(いまはた)、
千歳(ちとせ)のかたちととのほひて、めでたき松(まつ)のけしきになんはべりし。
「武隈(たけくま)の松(まつ)みせ申(もう)せ遅桜(おそざくら)」
と挙白(きょはく)といふものゝ餞別(せんべつ)したりければ、
桜(さくら)より 松(まつ)は二木(ふたき)を 三月(みつき)越(ご)し
The Pine of Takekuma is truly an amazing sight.
The trunk forks into two just above the ground, confirming that this is just how the old tree must have looked. I thought immediately of the priest Nōin.
Long ago, a nobleman, newly appointed to serve as Governor of Mutsu, had felled the
tree and used the wood as pilings for a bridge over the Natori River. Nōin wrote in a poem, 'No
trace is left now of the pine'.
I was told that, generation after generation, the pine had been felled,
yet a new one replanted.
After perhaps a thousand years, the present pine is still quite perfect in shape.
When I had started my journey, Kyohaku had given me a poem as a farewell present:
late cherry blossoms … let my master see the pine at Takekuma
I now wrote in reply:
since the cherries bloomed
I've longed to see the twin pine … three long months have passed
２０ 仙台（せんだい）
名取川(なとりがわ)を渡(わたっ)て仙台(せんだい)に入（い）る。
あやめふく日なり。
旅宿(りょしゅく)をもとめて四五日(しごにち)逗留(とうりゅう)す。
ここに画工加右衛門(がこうかえもん)といふものあり。
いささか心ある者(もの)と聞きて知(し)る人になる。
この者(もの)、年比(としごろ)さだかならぬ名どころを考(かんがえ)置(おき)はべればとて、
一日(ひとひ)案内(あんない)す。
宮城野(みやぎの)の萩(はぎ)茂(しげ)りあひて、秋(あき)の景色(けしき)思ひやらるる。
玉田(たまだ)・よこ野(の)・つつじが岡はあせび咲(さく)ころなり。
日影(ひかげ)ももらぬ松(まつ)の林(はやし)に入（い）りて、ここを木(き)の下(した)といふ とぞ。
昔(むかし)もかく露(つゆ)ふかければこそ、「みさぶらひみかさ」とはよみたれ。
薬師堂(やくしどう)・天神(てんじん)の御社(みやしろ)など拝(おがみ)て、その日はくれぬ。
なお、松嶋(まつしま)・塩竃(しおがま)の所々(ところどころ)、画(え)に書(かき)て送(おく)る。
かつ、紺(こん)の染緒(そめお)つけたる草鞋(わらじ)二足(にそく)餞(はなむけ)す。
さればこそ風流(ふうりゅう)のしれもの、ここにいたりてその実(じつ)を顕(あらわ)す。
あやめ草(ぐさ) 足(あし)に結(むすば)ん 草鞋(わらじ)の緒(お)
かの画図(がと)にまかせてたどり行(ゆけ)ば、おくの細道(ほそみち)の山際(やまぎわ)に十符 (とふ)の菅(すげ)あり。
今(いま)も年々(としどし)十符(とふ)の菅菰(すがごも)を調(ととのえて)て国守(こくしゅ)に 献(けん)ずといえり。
We crossed the river Natori and went into Sendai. It was the day when people hang blue irises
beneath the eaves. We found an inn where we stayed for four or five days. In the town, there was
a painter called Kaemon. I had heard he was a man of truly artistic taste, and I got to know him.
He told me he had spent several years tracing places mentioned in poetry that had become hard
to locate; and one day, he took us to see some of them. The fields of Miyagino were thick with
bush clover, and I could imagine the sight in autumn. It was the season when the pieris flowered
around Tamada, Yokono and Tsutsuji-ga-oka. We walked through a pine forest so thick that
sunlight could not penetrate at all, and were told its name, Konoshita [Under-the-Trees].
The
dripping dew must have been heavy there even in ancient times, for in one poem, a servant is
asked to tell his lord to take an straw hat. We offered prayers at Yakushidō Shrine and the Shrine
at Tenjin before the day drew to a close.
As parting gifts, Kaemon presented us with sketches of Matsushima and Shiogama and various
other local places. He also gave us two pairs of straw sandals, with straps deep iris-blue.
These
presents showed how much a man of cultivated taste he was:
I will bind iris
blossoms round about my feet – straps for my sandals
２１ 多賀城(たがじょう)
壷碑(つぼのいしぶみ) 市川村(いちかわむら)多賀城(たがじょう)にあり。
つぼの石ぶみは高(たか)さ六尺(ろくしゃく)あまり、横(よこ)三尺(さんじゃく)斗(ばかり)か。
苔(こけ)を穿(うがち)て文字(もじ)かすかなり。
四維(しゆい)国界(こっかい)の数里(すうり)をしるす。
この城(しろ)、神亀(じんき)元年(がんねん)、按察使(あぜち)鎮守府(ちんじゅふ)将軍(しょう ぐん)大野朝臣東人(おおのあそんあずまひと)の所置(おくところ)なり。
天平(てんぴょう)宝字(ほうじ)六年(ろくねん)参議(さんぎ)東海(とうかい)東山(とうせん)節
度使(せつどし)同(おなじく)将軍(しょうぐん)恵美朝臣(えみのあそんあさかり)修造(しゅぞ う)而(読まない文字)、十二月(じゅうにがつ)朔日(ついたち)とあり。
聖武皇帝(しょうむこうてい)の御時(おんとき)に当(あた)れり。
むかしよりよみ置(おけ)る哥枕(うたまくら)、おほく語(かたり)伝(つた)ふといへども、山崩
（くず）れ川流(ながれ)て道あらたまり、石は埋(うずもれ)て土にかくれ、木は老(おい)て若 木(わかぎ)にかはれば、時移(うつ)り代(よ)変(へん)じて、その跡(あと)たしかならぬことの みを、ここにいたりて疑（うたが）いなき千歳(せんざい)の記念(かたみ)、今眼前(がんぜん) に古人(こじん)の心を閲(けみ)す。
行脚(あんぎゃ)の一徳(いっとく)、存命(ぞんめい)の悦(よろこ)び、羈旅(きりょ)の労(ろう)を わすれて、泪(なみだ)も落(お）つるばかりなり。
Following the drawings that Kaemon had provided, we came to the tofu sedge, growing at the
foot of the mountains where the Narrow Road to the Deep North runs. The local people apparently still make ten-stranded matting each year for presentation to the provincial Governor.
We found the Tsubo stone monument at Tagajō in the village of Ichikawa. The stone is a little
over six feet high and about three feet wide.
Once the moss covering the stone had been scraped away, letters could be faintly seen beneath,
recording the distances to all four corners of the country. There was an inscription also:
This castle was built in the first year of Jinki [724] by Ōno-no- Azumabito,Inspector and Governor General. It was repaired in the sixth year of Tempyō-hōji [762] by Emi-no- asomi-
Asakari, Councillor, Governor of the Eastern Sea and Eastern Mountain districts, and Governor
General. First day of the twelfth month
So the founding took place during the reign of the Emperor Shōmu. Of all the many places
celebrated in poetry since ancient times, most have vanished. Mountains have crumbled, rivers
taken new courses, and roads new routes. Stones have been buried and hidden in the earth, and
old trees have given way to saplings. Time passes and the world changes. But here, before my
eyes, was a monument that had endured a thousand years. I felt that I could understand the
feelings of the people of the past. 'This,' I thought, 'is the traveller's reward. This is the joy of
having lived so long.' I forgot the hardships of the road, and was moved to tears.
２２ 末の松山・塩竃（すえのまつやま・しおがま）
それより野田(のだ)の玉川(たまがわ)・沖(おき)の石を尋(たず)ぬ。
末(すえ)の松山(まつやま)は寺を造（つく）りて末松山(まっしょうざん)といふ。
松(まつ)のあひあひ皆(みな)墓原(はかはら）にて、はねをかはし枝(えだ)をつらぬる契（ち ぎ）りの末(すえ)も、終(ついに)はかくのごときと、悲(かな)しさも増(まさ)りて、塩(しお) がまの浦(うら)に入相(いりあい)のかねを聞く。
五月雨(さみだれ)の空いささかはれて、夕月夜(ゆうづくよ)かすかに、籬(まがき)が嶋(しま) もほど近(ちか)し。
あまの小舟(おぶね)こぎつれて、肴(さかな)わかつ声々(こえごえ)に、「綱手（つなで）かな しも」とよみけむ心もしられて、いとど哀(あわ）れなり。
その夜、目盲(めくら)法師(ほうし)の琵琶(びわ)をならして奥(おく）じょうるりといふもの をかたる。
平家(へいけ)にもあらず、舞(まい)にもあらず。
ひなびたる調子(ちょうし)うち上（あ）げて、枕(まくら)ちかうかしましけれど、さすがに 辺土(へんど)の遺風(いふう)忘(わす)れざるものから、殊勝(しゅしょう)に覚（おぼ）えらる。
We stopped along the Tama River at Noda and at Oki-no-ishi [the Great Stone in the Lake], both
made famous in poetry. On Sue-no-matsuyama [the Endless Pines], a temple with the same
name, Masshōzan,* had been built. Everywhere among the pine trees, graves were spread.
They filled me with a great sadness, reminding me that all the vows to be 'a single pair of wings
or intertwining branches’ ** came in the end to this. As we came to Shiogama Bay, the evening
bell was tolling.
The sky had cleared a little after steady rain. Under the faint rays of the evening moon,
the island
of Magaki could be seen not far from shore. A line of small fishing boats came rowing in.
I could
hear the voices of the fishermen as they divided up their catch. And I understood now what the
poet meant who wrote, 'It catches the heart – a fishing boat pulled to shore'. That night, I listened
to a blind singer reciting a north-country ballad to the accompaniment of his lute. It was not like
the stories of Heike, or traditional dancing songs. He was performing close to my bed, and I
found the rustic tones of his voice very noisy. But then I realized how admirable it was that such
fine old customs were still preserved in this distant land.
*Masshōzan the Sinified reading of Sue-no-matsuyama.
**a single pair of wings or intertwining branches' a quotation from a celebrated poem by Po Chü-i, 'Song of
Everlasting Regret'. The images are clearly metaphors for everlasting love.
２３ 塩竃神社（しおがまじんじゃ）
早朝(そうちょう)塩竃(しおがま)の明神(みょうじん)に詣(もうず)。
国守(こくしゅ)再興(さいこう)せられて、宮柱(みやばしら)ふとしく彩椽(さいてん)きらびや かに、石の階(きざはし)九仞(きゅうじん)に重（かさ）なり、朝日(あさひ)あけの玉(たま)が きをかかやかす。
かかる道の果(はて)、塵土(じんど)の境(さかい)まで、神霊(しんれい)あらたにましますこそ、
吾国(わがくに)の風俗(ふうぞく)なれと、いと貴(とうと)けれ。
神前(しんぜん)に古(ふる)き宝燈(ほうとう)あり。
かねの戸(と)びらの面(おもて)に文治(ぶんじ)三年和泉(いずみの)三郎(さぶろう)寄進(きし ん)とあり。
五百年来(ごひゃくねんらい)のおもかげ、今目の前(まえ)にうかびて、そぞろに珍(めずら) し。
かれは勇義(ゆうぎ)忠孝(ちゅうこう)の士(し)なり。
佳命(かめい)今にいたりてしたはずといふことなし。
誠(まことに)人能(よく)道(みちを)を勤(つとめ)、義(ぎ)を守（まも）るべし。
名もまたこれにしたがふといえり。
日すでに午(ご)にちかし。
舟をかりて松嶋(まつしま)にわたる。
その間(あい)二里(にり)あまり、雄嶋(おじま)の磯(いそ)につく。
Early the next morning, we visited the Shrine at Shiogama, which had been restored by the
governor of the province. Its pillars stood huge and majestic, brightly painted rafters sparkled,
and stone steps rose up flight after flight. The crimson fencing was dazzling in the morning
sunlight. How wonderful it was, I thought, that in this land of ours, the divine powers of the gods
should show themselves even in so remote a place as this.
In front of the sanctuary, there was an old lantern with an inscription on its iron door, 'Presented
by Izumi-no-Saburō in the third year of Bunji [1187]'. It was strange how these words brought
back things unchanged for over five hundred years. Izumi-no-Saburō had been a brave and
honourable soldier, a loyal and loving son. His fame has lasted to the present day, and there is no
one now who does not honour him. How true it is that, if men strive to walk in the way of truth
and uphold righteousness, fame will follow of itself.
It was nearly noon. We hired a boat and crossed to Matsushima. After five miles on the water,
we landed on the beach of the island of Ojima.
２４ 松島
そもそもことふりにたれど、松島(まつしま)は扶桑(ふそう)第一(だいいち)の好風(こうふう) にして、およそ洞庭(どうてい)・西湖(せいこ)を恥(はじ)ず。
東南(とうなん)より海を入（い）れて、江(え)の中(うち)三里(さんり)、浙江(せっこう)の潮 (うしお)をたたふ。
島々(しまじま)の数(かず)を尽(つく)して、欹(そばだつ)ものは天を指(ゆびさし)、ふすもの は波(なみ)に匍匐(はらばう)。
あるは二重(ふたえ)にかさなり、三重(みえ)に畳(たた)みて、左にわかれ右につらなる。
負(おえ)るあり抱(いだけ)るあり、児孫(じそん)愛(あい)すがごとし。
松(まつ)の緑(みどり)こまやかに、枝葉(しよう)汐風(しおかぜ)に吹（ふ）きたはめて、屈曲 (くっきょく)をのづからためたるがごとし。
そのけしき、よう然(ぜん)として美人(びじん)の顔(かんばせ)を粧(よそお)ふ。
ちはや振(ぶる)神(かみ)のむかし、大山(おおやま)ずみのなせるわざにや。
造化(ぞうか)の天工(てんこう)、いづれの人か筆(ふで)をふるひ、詞(ことば)を尽(つく)さむ。
No matter how often it has been said, Matsushima is the most beautiful place in all Japan, and
can easily hold its own against T'ung-t'ing or the Western Lake in China. The sea surges in from
the southeast into a bay seven miles across, its waters brimming full like the Zhejiang River in
China. There are more islands than anyone could count. Some rise up steeply, as through thrusting towards the skies; some are flat, and seem to crawl on their stomachs into the waves.
Some seem piled double, or even three layers high. To the left, they appear separate; to the right,
joined together. Some look as if they carried others on their backs, and some as if they held them
in their arms, like a parent caring for a little child or grandchild. The pines are of the deepest
green, and their branches, constantly buffeted by the winds from the sea, seem to have acquired a
twisted shape quite naturally. The scene suggests the serene charm of a lovely woman's face.
Matsushima truly might have been created by Ōyamazumi [God of the Mountains] in the Great
Age of the Gods. What painter or what writer could ever capture fully the wonder of this masterpiece of nature?
２５ 雄島
雄島(おじま)が磯(いそ)は地(ぢ)つづきて海に出（い）でたる島(しま)なり。
雲居禅師(うんごぜんじ)の別室(べっしつ)の跡(あと)、坐禅石(ざぜんせき)などあり。
はた、松(まつ)の木陰(こかげ)に世(よ)をいとふ人も稀々(まれまれ)見えはべりて、落穂(おち ぼ)・松笠(まつかさ)など打(うち)けふりたる草(くさ)の庵(いおり)、閑(しずか)に住(すみ)な し、いかなる人とはしられずながら、まずなつかしく立寄(たちよる)ほどに、月海にうつり て、昼(ひる)のながめまたあらたむ。
江上(こうしょう)に帰りて宿(やど)を求（もと）むれば、窓(まど)をひらき二階(にかい)を作
（つく）りて、風雲(ふううん)の中(うち)に旅寝(たびね)するこそ、あやしきまで、妙(たえ) なる心地(ここち)はせらるれ。
松島(まつしま)や 鶴(つる)に身(み)をかれ ほととぎす 曽良(そら) よは口をとぢて眠(ねむ)らんとしていねられず。
旧庵(きゅうあん)をわかるる時、素堂(そどう)松島(まつしま)の詩(し)あり。
原安適(はらあんてき)松(まつ)がうらしまの和歌(わか)を贈(おく)らる。
袋(ふくろ)を解(と)きて、こよひの友(とも)とす。
かつ、杉風(さんぷう)・濁子(じょくし)が発句(ほっく)あり。
The Island of Ojima [Male Island] juts out from the mainland into the sea. Here are the remains
of the priest Ungo's retreat, and the rock on which he used to meditate. I glimpsed a few other
recluses among the pines as well. We saw smoke rising from a fire of twigs and pine cones at
one quiet, thatched hut. We did not know what kind of man the occupant might be, and yet we
felt drawn towards the spot. As we approached, the moon shone down upon the water, transforming the scene from how it had appeared by day.
We returned to the shore and found lodgings, a second-storey room with open windows that
looked out over the bay. As we lay there in the midst of breeze and cloud, I felt a marvellous
exhilaration. Sora wrote:
Matsushima, oh …
you will need cranes' wings to fly little cuckoo bird
