Pei2 li3 gang1 wen2 hua4 The Pei-li-gang Culture, a Neolithic culture predating Yangshao in Northern China qi2 jia1 wen2 hua4 The Qijia culture, of ea

(1)

Cultures

半坡

ハンパ

音訓

A Neolithic Yangshao site near Xian. also represents earliest phase of Yangshao culture.

ban4 po1

繁简拼音

半山

バンザン

音訓

Banshan. The phase of Gansu Yang-shao after Ma-jia-yao. Char. pottery.

ban4 shan1

繁简拼音

大汶口文化

音訓

A Neolithic culture found in Shandong, predating Longshan horizon.

da4 wen4 kou3

繁简

拼音

鄂尔多斯

鄂爾多斯

音訓

Ordos, the area of the bend in the yellow river.

e4 er3 duo1 si1

繁简

拼音

河姆渡文化

音訓

Hemudu Culture. Neolithic culture across Hangzhou Bay from Liangzhu Culture.

he2 mu3 du4 wen2 hua4

繁简拼音

红山文化

紅山文化

コウザンブンカ

音訓

Hong-shan culture. approx. 3600-3000 BC. Neolithic culture predominant in Liaoning, SE Mongolia.

hong2 shan1 wen2 hua4

繁简

拼音

良渚文化

音訓

The Liangzhu culture; a Neolithic culture in lake Tai-hu area, descendant from Majiabang Culture.

liang2 zhu3 wen2 hua4

繁简拼音

龙山文化

龍山文化

リュウザンブンカ

音訓

Longshan Culture: A specific site in Shandong as well as a general horizon of 3rd mill.

long2 shan1 wen2 hua4

繁简拼音

马厂

馬廠

バショウ

音訓

Machang. The latest cultural phase of Gansu Yang-shao culture.

ma3 chang3

繁简拼音

马家窑文化

馬家窯文化

バカヨウブンカ

音訓

Ma-jia-yao, the fourth of the phases of Yang-shao Neolithic culture. Gansu type-site

ma3 jia1 yao2

繁简

拼音

庙底沟

廟底溝

音訓

Miaodigou, The second phase of Yangshao culture, prevalent in middle Yellow River valley.

miao4 di3 gou1

繁简

(2)

裴李冈文化

裴李岡文化

音訓

The Pei-li-gang Culture, a Neolithic culture predating Yangshao in Northern China

Pei2 li3 gang1 wen2 hua4

繁简

拼音

齐家文化

齊家文化

音訓

The Qijia culture, of eastern Gansu and Qinghai. Late Neolithic, Copper Age c. 2000

qi2 jia1 wen2 hua4

繁简拼音

四坝文化

四壩文化

音訓 Siba Culture.

si4 ba4 wen2 hua4

繁简

拼音

陶寺

音訓

Taosi Phase, named after site in southern Shanxi, designates southern Shanxi Longshan.

tao2 si4

繁简拼音

夏家店下层

夏家店下層

音訓

Lower Xiajiadian Culture. Replaces Hongshan culture is western Liaoning. 2nd mill B.C.

xia4 jia1 dian4 xia4 ceng2

繁简拼音

仰韶文化

ギョウショウブンカ

音訓

Yangshao Culture, a neolithic painted pottery culture in North China, 5000-3000 BC

Yang3 Shao2 wen2 hua4

繁简

拼音

岳石文化

Yueshi Culture, mostly in Shandong, after Longshan (1600-1300 BC)

yue4 shi2 wen2 hua4

繁简

(3)

Chronological Division

勃发期

勃發期

音訓

The Thriving Stage. The stage after the Formative stage when techniques are established which lead to a flourishing output.

bo2 fa1 qi1

繁简

拼音

草创期

草創期

音訓

The Pioneering Stage. The initial stage when experimentation leads to uneven results and new creations.

cao3 chuang1 qi1

繁简

拼音

成形期

音訓

The Formative Period, when the basic characteristics of later periods are formed. The Erlitou metallurgy is the Formative Period of later Bronze Age metallurgy. This period follows the Pioneering Stage.

cheng2 xing2 qi1

繁简

拼音

鼎盛期

音訓

The Prosperous Period. Comes after the Flourishing period. The zenith of accomplishment, just before the decline.

ding3 sheng4 qi1

繁简拼音

父系社会

父系社會

フケイシャカイ

音訓 patrilineal society

fu4 xi4 she4 hui4

繁简拼音

红铜时代

紅銅時代

コウドウジダイ

音訓 Copper Age

hong2 tong2 shi2 dai4

繁简拼音

旧石器时代

舊石器時代

キュウセッキジダイ

音訓 Paleolithic

jiu4 shi2 qi4 shi2 dai4

繁简拼音

母系社会

母系社會

ボケイシャカイ

音訓 matrilineal society

mu3 xi4 she4 hui4

繁简拼音

青铜时代

青銅時代

セイドウジダイ

音訓 Bronze Age

qing1 tong2 shi2 dai4

繁简拼音

石器时代

石器時代

セッキジダイ

音訓 Stone Age

shi2 qi4 shi2 dai4

繁简拼音

史前史

シゼンシ

音訓 prehistory

shi3 qian2 shi3

繁简

(4)

氏族社会

氏族社會

シゾクシャカイ

音訓

Clan Society. A primitive stage of societal development characterized by tribes and clans.

shi4 zu2 she4 hui4

繁简拼音

铁器时代

鐵器時代

テッキジダイ

音訓 Iron Age

tie3 qi4 shi2 dai4

繁简拼音

铜石并用时代

銅石並用時代

音訓 Chalcolithic Age

tong2 shi2 bing4 yong4 shi2 dai4

繁简拼音

新石器时代

新石器時代

シンセキジダイ

音訓 Neolithic

xin1 shi2 qi4 shi2 dai4

繁简

拼音

中石器时代

中石器時代

Mesolithic Age

zhong1 shi2 qi4 shi2 dai4

繁简

(5)

Descriptive Terms

扁足

音訓

Squat-footed; as in certain fang-ding vessels.

bian3 zu2

繁简拼音

薄胎素面

簿胎素面

音訓

of a bronze or ceramic vessel (thin body wall and plain surface, without decoration)

bo2 tai1 su4 mian4

繁简

拼音

衬地

襯地

音訓

a ground of fine lines (such as lei wen) on a vessel’s decoration

chen4 di4

繁简拼音

侈口

シコウ

音訓

a vessel mouth which is flared outward

chi3 kou3

繁简拼音

垂直

音訓

vertical, arising directly from the surface.

chui2 zhi2

繁简拼音

粗糙

ソゾウ

音訓

of pottery or metal, rough and course

cu1 cao1

繁简拼音

错金

錯金

サッキン

音訓

inlaid gold, such as is found in hu vessels of the Warring States period or in the inscription on a bell in the illustration on the left.

cuo4 jin1

繁简拼音

袋足

ダイショク

音訓

pouched leg-such as on a Li tripod or kuei pitcher.

dai4 zu2

繁简拼音

底视

底視

音訓

a bottom view of an object.

di3 shi4

繁简拼音

雕镂

雕鏤

音訓

to engrave or carve in the surface.

diao1 lou4

繁简拼音

对称

對稱

タイショウ

音訓 symmetry

dui4 chen4

繁简拼音

(6)

珐琅

琺琅

ホウロウ

音訓 enamel, enameling

fa4 lang2

繁简拼音

反唇

ハンシン

音訓

spreading rim to a bronze or ceramic vessel.

fan3 chun2

繁简拼音

粉碎

音訓 powdered; pulverized.

fen3 sui4

繁简拼音

俯视

俯視

音訓

top view (i.e. looking down at the object.

fu3 shi4

繁简拼音

光洁

音訓

polished and spotless. Sometimes said of clay surfaces.

guang1 jie2

繁简拼音

蕉叶

蕉葉

音訓

A banana leaf pattern seen on Chinese bronzes, especially around the top of Gu beakers.

jiao1 ye4

繁简拼音

棱角

音訓

the edge and corners; pointedness; sharpness.

leng2 jiao3

繁简拼音

镂空

鏤空

ロウクウ

音訓

open-work, reticulation, a hollowed-out area of decoration, often net-like.

lou4 kong1

繁简拼音

绿锈

綠鏽

音訓

bronze rust, verdigris dust

lü4 xiu4

繁简拼音

轮廓

輪廊

音訓

outline or contour of an object or design.

lun2 lang2

繁简

拼音

枚

small protuberances on a bell. Bosses such as

those seen around the incription in this illustration.

mei2

繁简

(7)

内填珐琅

內填琺琅

音訓

Cloisonne enameling, achieved by filling in enamel within borders of a design.

nei4 tian2 fa4 lang2

繁简拼音

嵌

音訓 to inlay, to embed

qian4

繁简拼音

清晰

音訓

distinct and clear; said of design patterns of bronze vessels.

qing1 xi1

繁简拼音

圈耳

音訓

loop-like handles on a bronze or ceramic vessel

quan1 er3

繁简拼音

圈足

音訓

ring foot. a pedestal circular foot to a bronze or ceramic vessel, such as fl˝

quan1 zu2

繁简拼音

缺陷

音訓

A flaw; such as a defect in casting a vessel.

que1 xian4

繁简拼音

人面纹

人面紋

音訓

human mask design.

ren2 mian4 wen2

繁简

拼音

乳钉

乳釘

音訓

bosses on the surface of a bronze vessel, especially those seen on fang ding vessels from Zhengzhou and Anyang.

ru3 ding1

繁简拼音

兽面

獸面

音訓

animal mask design.

shou4 mian4

繁简拼音

弹性

彈性

音訓 elasticity.

tan2 xing4

繁简拼音

饕餮纹

饕餮紋

トウテツモン

音訓

The T’ao T’ieh pattern typical on Shang bronzes of an animal mask.

tao1 tie4 wen2

繁简

(8)

提梁

音訓

a loop handle of a vessel, sometimes free swinging.

ti2 liang2

繁简拼音

纹饰

紋飾

モンショク

音訓

decoration, design, pattern

wen2 shi4

繁简拼音

涡纹

渦文

音訓

A whorl pattern, such as is seen at the top of posts on Jue and Jia vessels.

wo2 wen2

繁简拼音

小花点

小花點

音訓

a scattered polka dot pattern. a bit like calico.

xiao3 hua1 dian3

繁简

拼音

修茸

音訓

a repair or renovation to an object or work.

xiu1 rong2

繁简拼音

阴刻

陰刻

音訓

carved or incised into the surface.

yin1 ke4

繁简拼音

云纹

雲紋

ウンモン

音訓 cloud pattern

yun2 wen2

繁简拼音

直耳，立耳

音訓

Vessel has upright handles.

zhi2 er3, li4 er3

繁简

拼音

直足

音訓

straight legs on a bronze or ceramic vessel, such as those on a Ding cauldron.

zhi2 zu2

繁简拼音

柱帽

音訓

The mushroom-shaped post-caps on jue and

jia vessels.

zhu4 mao4

繁简

拼音

柱足

Post-like legs; as seen in certain ding vessels.

zhu4 zu2

繁简

(9)

Field Terminology :Inscriptions

背甲

音訓

carapace, the curved back shell of a turtle

bei4 jia3

繁简拼音

卜用甲骨

音訓 an oracle bone

bu3 yong4 jia3 gu3

繁简

拼音

反文

音訓

Mirror Reversed: How an inscription appears on the mold or core before it is cast so that it will read correctly when cast.

fan3 wen2

繁简拼音

腹甲

音訓

The plastron, the flat belly shell of a tortoise

fu4 jia3

繁简拼音

甲骨

コウコツ

音訓

usually indicates the shoulder bone or scapula.

jia3 gu3

繁简拼音

甲骨文

ｺｳｺﾂﾓﾝ

音訓

oracle bone inscriptions

jia3 gu3 wen2

繁简拼音

金石学

金石學

キンセキガク

音訓

The study of ancient bronzes, stone tablets, etc

jin1 shi2 xue2

繁简拼音

金文，钟鼎文

金文，鐘鼎文

キンブン

音訓

inscriptions on a bronze object

jin1 wen2, zhong1 ding3 wen2

繁简

拼音

庙号

廟號

音訓

posthumous title after death, temple name

miao4 hao4

繁简拼音

铭文

銘文

メイモン

音訓

inscribed words, inscriptions

ming2 wen2

繁简拼音

墓志

ボシ

音訓

epitaphs, tomb inscriptions

mu4 zhi4

繁简

(10)

兽骨占卜

獸骨占卜

音訓

scapulimancy, (using shoulder blades of animals to divine)

shou4 gu3 zhan1 bu3

繁简拼音

拓本

タクホン

音訓

A book of rubbings. Can be produced by various means such as lithography or collotype processes. See shi2 yin4 and ke1 luo2 ban3 yin4.

ta4 ben3

繁简拼音

占卜

サンボク

音訓 divination, to divine

zhan1 bu3

繁简拼音

族徽铭文

族徽銘文

clan insignia inscription

zu2 hui1 ming2 wen2

繁简

(11)

Field Terminology: Methods

层位

層位

ソウイ

音訓

stratigraphic position or context

ceng2 wei4

繁简拼音

地层

地層

ちそう

音訓

stratum, layer of stratigraphy

di4 ceng2

繁简拼音

发掘

發掘

はっくつ

音訓

V. to excavate, dig, N. excavation

fa1 jue2

繁简拼音

复原

復原

フクゲン

音訓 to restore, restoration

fu4 yuan2

繁简拼音

灰坑

カイコウ

音訓

ash pit, soil which indicates refuse area, burning, etc. Gray quality to the soil

hui1 keng1

繁简拼音

勘查

音訓 reconnaissance, survey

kan1 cha2

繁简拼音

洛阳铲

落陽鏟

ラクヨウサン

音訓

A Luoyang spade, an underground probe used to check for cultural layers

luo4 yang2 chan3

繁简

拼音

潜水

潛水

音訓

to be submerged under water

qian2 shui3

繁简拼音

扰土

擾土

音訓

soil which has been tilled or otherwise disturbed, making the stratigraphy unclear.

rao3 tu3

繁简拼音

探方

音訓

rectangular units of an exploration trench

tan4 fang1

繁简拼音

探沟

探溝

音訓

exploration trench or ditch

tan4 gou1

繁简

(12)

田野考古

デンヤコウコ

音訓

field archaeology

tian2 ye3 kao3 gu3

繁简拼音

遗迹

遺跡

イセキ

音訓

relics, historical remains

yi2 ji1

繁简

拼音

遗址

遺址

Site, ruins, relics

yi2 zhi3

繁简

(13)

Field Terminology: Metallurgy

鎏金

リュウキン

音訓

A technique for gold plating in which gold is mixed with mercury to form a paint which is applied to the object. The piece is then baked in a low carbon oven and the mercury evaporates leaving a gilded object.

繁简拼音

白铜

白銅

ハクドウ

音訓 cupro-nickel alloy

bai2 tong2

繁简拼音

背料

音訓

The backing clay of a piece mold which is more coarse than the facing material which gathers the impression from the model.

bei4 liao4

繁简拼音

补铸

補鑄

音訓

A repair patch cast after a vessel was made to fill in a flaw or hole.

bu3 zhu4

繁简拼音

残茬

殘茬

音訓

The stump of a former sprue or vent hole from a casting.

can2 cha2

繁简拼音

充型

音訓

For the metal to entirely fill the casting space before it solidifies.

chong3 xing2

繁简拼音

叠铸

疊鑄

音訓

A method for mass producing simple castings utilized during the Han Dynasty. Duplicate mold are stacked on top of one another, sharing a sprue hole. One pour could effect as many as 84 individual pieces.

die2 zhu4

繁简拼音

翻范

翻範

音訓

The making of piece-mold sections by impressing clay on the model and then removing it.

fan1 fan4

繁简拼音

飞边

飛邊

音訓 An accident or flaw.

fei1 bian

繁简拼音

扉棱

音訓

flange: linear metal protuberances on metal vessels used to enhance design registers. Often coincide with mold divisions.

fei1 leng2

繁简拼音

分范合铸

分範合鑄

音訓

A technique for accomplishing tricky undercut or 3D castings where pieces of the model are broken off first so that molds can be made around them. Then the molds are all re-assembled to make a single pour casting.

fen4 fan4 he2 zhu4

繁简

(14)

坩埚

坩堝

カンカ

音訓 crucible

gan1 guo1

繁简拼音

鼓风炉

鼓風爐

音訓 blast furnace

gu3 feng1 lu3

繁简

拼音

鼓风装置

鼓風裝置

音訓

A bellows device for increasing the draught of air to the fire, thus increasing the temperature of a kiln or furnace.

gu3 feng1 zhuang1 zhi4

繁简

拼音

过热温度

過熱溫度

音訓

The overheating termperature to which a melted metal alloy is subjected to before pouring in order for it to completing fill the mold before it starts to solidify. About 100 degress Celsius above normal melting temperature, otherwise gas uptake begins

guo4 re4 wen1 du4

繁简拼音

焊

銲

音訓 solder, weld.

han4

繁简拼音

合范

合範

音訓 composite mold

he2 fan4

繁简拼音

合金

コウキン

音訓

alloy, to alloy to metals

he2 jin1

繁简拼音

红铜

紅銅

コウドウ

音訓 plain copper

hong2 tong2

繁简拼音

后铸法

後鑄法

音訓

Casting on. A technique whereby pieces such as handles are cast onto a vessel after th vessel has already been made.

hou4 zhu4 fa3

繁简拼音

黄铜

黃銅

オウドウ

音訓 brass

huang2 tong2

繁简拼音

浑铸

渾鑄

A simple casting, completed in one pour.

hun2 zhu4

繁简

(15)

机械的铸接

機械的鑄接

音訓

A mechanical join. Certain bronze vessels attach handles and other objects by this method which involves casting a handle around a knob, thus created a mechanical join without actually welding the pieces together.

ji1 xie4 de zhu4 jie1

繁简

拼音

浇

澆

音訓

To pour liquid metal into the casting mold.

jiao1

繁简拼音

浇包

澆包

音訓

A pouring crucible used to pour increments of molten metal into the mold assembly.

jiao1 bao1

繁简拼音

浇口

澆口

音訓

sprue hole, for the pouring of molten metal into mold.

jiao1 kou3

繁简拼音

冷锻

冷鍛

音訓

cold working, cold hammering to work metal

leng3 duan4

繁简拼音

礼器

禮器

レイキ

音訓 ritual vessels

li3 qi4

繁简拼音

炼炉

煉爐

音訓

A smelting furnace. Used to separate the pure metal from the gangue, or silicates of rock, found in the ore. In Ancient China these would be found closer to the mines rather than near the cities.

lian4 lu2

繁简拼音

临界点

臨界點

音訓

The critical temperature for a particular casting operation (could be melting point or solidifying point).

lin2 jie4 dian3

繁简

拼音

流槽

音訓

A pouring trough used in casting. The metal is poured from the crucible and runs down a short ramp which leads into the sprue holes. Traces have been found in China which suggest this was used.

liu2 cao2

繁简拼音

炉渣

爐渣

音訓

Slag. The vitrified waste matter produced in smelting bronze or iron.

lu2 zha1

繁简拼音

毛刺

音訓 A burr in a casting.

mao2 ci4

繁简拼音

(16)

铆钉

鉚釘

音訓 rivet.

mao3 ding1

繁简拼音

铆接

鉚接

音訓

Not true riveting, but a method of casting-on wherein a vessel is first cast with a hole through the body, then the handle is cast into the hole creating a rivet-like boss on the inside of the vessel and a perfect mechanical lock.

mao3 jie1

繁简拼音

卯眼

音訓

mortise; n. a notch, hole, or slot made in a piece of wood or the like to receive a tenon of the same dimensions. (Webster) Used to hold casting mold sections together.

mao3 yan3

繁简拼音

面料

音訓

The surface material of fine clay used in casting molds which is of a different substance from the back of the mold. Some are inserted sections, such as is seen at Houma.

mian4 liao4

繁简拼音

木炭

音訓

Charcoal.(distinguish from coal) which is burned wood used in the smelting process of bronze and iron.

mu4 tan4

繁简拼音

排气孔

排氣孔

音訓

A vent hole to vent gasses during casting.

pai2 qi4 kong3

繁简

拼音

°°

∆¢

音訓

The handle of a ritual vessel, usually a jue or

jia.

pan4

繁简拼音

披缝

披縫

音訓

mold lines. traces on the final bronze of the gaps caused by the divisions between section molds.

pi1 feng2

繁简拼音

气孔

氣孔

音訓

Vent holes to let the gas escape during a casting operation. Often they are located at the base of feet and can be distinguished from the sprue holes by having had less shrinkage.

qi4 kong3

繁简拼音

嵌镶

嵌鑲

カンジョウ

音訓 inlay

qian4 xiang1

繁简拼音

熔剂

鎔劑

A flux. Used to help separate slag during

smelting and prevent oxidation during soldering.

rong2 ji4

繁简

(17)

熔炉

鎔爐

ヨウロ

音訓

A melting furnace. For melting and allowing metal ingots which have already been smelted from the ore. Such furnaces are the ones found at Shang and Zhou cities. Smelting takes place elsewhere.

rong2 lu2

繁简拼音

熔融

鎔融

音訓

Melting. distingish from smelting.

rong2 rong2

繁简拼音

扇

音訓

A term used to designate an individual mold segment.

shan4

繁简拼音

失蜡法

失蠟法

音訓

The Lost Wax Method of casting metals

shi1 la4 fa3

繁简

拼音

双面范

雙面範

音訓

a bivalve mold (i.e. a mold with two halves that looks like a bivalve clamshell.

shuang1 mian4 fan4

繁简

拼音

榫头

榫頭

音訓

A tenon; n.1. a projection formed on the end of a timber or the like for insertion into a mortise of the same dimensions. (Webster) Used to hold casting mold sections togother.

sun3 tou2

繁简拼音

填范

填範

音訓

The clay core which remains inside handles and legs of bronze vessel and connect be broken outl

tian2 fan4

繁简拼音

铜渣

銅渣

音訓

copper slag; vitrified residue from copper smelting and remelting.

tong2 zha1

繁简拼音

芯撑

芯撐

音訓

A way to support the core and separate it from the mold during casting.

xin1 cheng1

繁简拼音

芯

シン

音訓

The core within a bronze casting. Usually mode of loessic clay.

xin4

繁简拼音

型腔

音訓

The hollow space between the core andthe mold. The casting space which is filled by the molten metal.

xing2 qiang1

繁简

(18)

冶炼

冶煉

音訓 smelt

ye3 lian4

繁简拼音

冶铸

冶鑄

ヤチュウ

音訓 casting

ye3 zhu4

繁简拼音

铸缝

鑄縫

音訓

A mold mark on a cast vessel caused by the gap between mold sections.

zhu4 feng2

繁简拼音

自锁铸

自鎖鑄

音訓

An ingenious technique for casting handles onto gui vessels seen at Baoji. The handles are cast first with holes in the sides. The vessel is poured next and the metal from it goes into the holes locking the handle on

zi4 suo3 zhu4

繁简

(19)

Field Terminology: Mineralogy

方解石

音訓

Calcite: Calcium Carbonate CaCo3. A

common constituent of limestone, chalk, and clay.

fang1 jie3 shi2

繁简

拼音

辉石

輝石

音訓

Pyroxine; augite: a mineral. (Webster) a silicate mineral, chiefly of calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum: a dark green to black variety of monoclinic pyroxene, characteristic of basic rocks.

hui1 shi2

繁简拼音

角闪石

角閃石

音訓

hornblende; amphibole; a mineral.(Webster) a dark green to black mineral of the amphibole group, containing calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminosilicates.

jiao3 shan3 shi2

繁简

拼音

片麻岩

音訓

Gneiss. a coarse-grained metamorphic rock resembling granite, consisting of alternating layers, creating a banded appearence.

pian4 ma2 yan2

繁简

拼音

砂

音訓

sand; used as a temper in clay for pottery or metal casting.

sha1

繁简拼音

砂岩

音訓

Sandstone. A common material to make stone molds for casting.

sha1 yan2

繁简拼音

石英

セキエイ

音訓

quartz. Often found as a constituent of the loess soil used in clay molds and cores.

shi2 ying1

繁简拼音

斜长岩

斜長岩

音訓

Plagioclase: a mineral: (Webster) any of the feldspar minerals varying in composition from

albite, NaAlSi2O3, to anorthite,

CaAl2Si2O3

xie2 chang2 yan2

繁简

拼音

云母

音訓

Mica: a mineral.(Webster) any member of a group of minerals, hydrous silicates of aluminum usu. with potassium, sodium, or calcium, that separate readily into thin, tough, often transparent laminae.

yun2 mu3

繁简拼音

正长岩

正長岩

音訓

Othoclase: a mineral: (Webster) a common white or pink potassium feldspar mineral, KAlSi4O3, having two good cleavages at

right angles, and found in silica-rich igneous rocks.

zheng4 chang2 yan2

繁简

(20)

Field Terminology: Pottery

按泥

音訓

“throwing” the clay, usually on a wheel

an4 ni2

繁简拼音

钵

缽

音訓

an earthenware bowl. A begging bowl for Buddhists.

bo1

繁简拼音

羼和

音訓

Temper: A substance added to clay, usually sand or shell which makes the clay less sticky and less likely to collapse while drying. The Chinese phrase comes from an older Classical colloquial phrase meaning to adulterate food with something.

chan4 huo4

繁简拼音

罐

カン

音訓

earthenware pitcher or jar.

guan4

繁简拼音

°¢

∆°

キ

音訓

typical vessel type of the Longshan culture, a pitcher with baggy legs.

gui1

繁简拼音

火膛

音訓

The fire chamber of a kiln where the wood or charcoal is placed.

huo3 tang2

繁简拼音

轮制陶器

輪制陶器

音訓

pottery made on a potter’s wheel

lun2 zhi4 tao2 qi4

繁简

拼音

耐火粘土

耐火黏土

音訓

Refractory clay, which can withstand high temperatures without adverse affects, useful for casting molds or crucibles.

nao3 huo3 nian2 tu3

繁简

拼音

泥条盘筑

泥條盤築

音訓

A method of making pottery or clay molds whereby coils of clay are built up and paddle smooth to form the vessel body.

ni2 tiao2 pan2 zhu4

繁简

拼音

泥釉

音訓

slip; pottery term designating a kind color technique where clay is thinned and coated on pot.

ni2 you4

繁简

拼音

粘土

黏土

A term for clay.

nian2 tu3

繁简

(21)

坯

音訓

The so-called “biscuit”, which is the pot after molding yet before firing.

pi1

繁简拼音

热释光

熱釋光

音訓

thermoluminescence (for dating)

re4 shi4 guang1

繁简拼音

筛

篩

シ

ふるい

音訓

A sieve or filter screening process used in clay production to filter out large particles.

shai1

繁简拼音

塑

音訓

to mold clay into a form such as a statue or figurine.

su4

繁简拼音

塑

音訓

To model or mold (clay).

su4

繁简拼音

胎质

胎質

音訓

The paste or body which makes of the pot.

tai1 zhi4

繁简拼音

陶车

陶車

音訓 a potter’s wheel

tao2 che1

繁简拼音

陶瓷碎片

音訓

a pottery shard (sherd).

tao2 ci2 sui4 pian4

繁简拼音

陶范

陶範

音訓 pottery mold

tao2 fan4

繁简拼音

陶器

トウキ

音訓 items of pottery

tao2 qi4

繁简拼音

陶土

音訓

potter’s clay, potter’s earth (before shaping or firing)

tao2 tu3

繁简

(22)

瓦器

音訓

earthenware pottery. usually not watertight.

wa3 qi4

繁简拼音

窑

窯

ヨウ

かま

音訓

The term both for a kiln, a for any particular type of ware from a kiln.

yao2

繁简拼音

阴干

陰乾

音訓

To dry a vessel or mold section in the shade to ensure it will hold its shape.

yin1 gan1

繁简

拼音

釉

glaze for pottery.

you4

繁简

(23)

Field Terminology: Tombs & Structures

哀册

哀冊

音訓

funeral eulogy (written form)

ai1 ce4

繁简拼音

车辙印

車轍印

音訓

Cart tracks or ruts made by repeated passes of wheeled vehicles.

che1 zhe2 yin4

繁简拼音

城壕

ジョウゴウ

音訓

The Moat around a city wall.

cheng2 hao2

繁简拼音

洞室墓

音訓

catacomb style tomb design. Vertical shaft at the base of which is a niche for body.

dong4 shi4 mu4

繁简

拼音

二层台

二層台

音訓

The so-called “second-level ledge”. Formed after tomb is backfilled to top of coffin.

er4 ceng2 tai2

繁简拼音

宫殿

宮殿

音訓 palace

gong1 dian4

繁简拼音

棺

カン

ひつぎ

音訓 coffin, sarcophagus

guan1

繁简拼音

棺侧板

棺側板

音訓

side panel of a coffin

guan1 ce4 ban3

繁简

拼音

棺床

音訓

platform for a coffin

guan1 chuang2

繁简拼音

棺档板

棺檔板

音訓

end panel of a coffin

guan1 dang4 ban3

繁简拼音

椁

槨

カク

うわひつぎ

音訓 outer coffin

guo3

繁简拼音

(24)

骸

カイ

むくろ

音訓 bones, skeleton

hai2

繁简拼音

夯土基

コウドキ

音訓

rammed earth foundation

hang1 tu3 ji1

繁简拼音

颌骨

頜骨

音訓 jawbone

he2 gu3

繁简拼音

合葬

音訓

joint burial, to bury together

he2 zang4

繁简拼音

护城坡

護城坡

音訓

a rampart, often inside a city wall use for defense purposes.

hu4 cheng2 po1

繁简拼音

化石

カセキ

音訓 fossil

hua4 shi2

繁简拼音

火葬

カソウ

音訓 cremation

huo3 zang4

繁简拼音

积石冢

積石冢

音訓

a tomb constructed by piling stones on top of the deceased

ji1 shi2 zhong3

繁简拼音

祭祀

音訓 to sacrifice

ji4 si4

繁简拼音

龛

龕

音訓

niche, niche alter

kan1

繁简

拼音

料礓

A rubble consisting of small stones used to

line roads or post-hole bases.

liao4 jiang1

繁简

(25)

隆

音訓 mausoleum

long2

繁简拼音

卵石柱础

卵石柱礎

音訓

Egg shaped rocks used in a post-hole to support the pillars or columns

luan3 shi2 zhu4 chu3

繁简拼音

密封

音訓 hermetic seal

mi4 feng1

繁简拼音

明器

メイキ

音訓

funerary object, could be animal, human, or miscellaneous objects

ming2 qi4

繁简拼音

墓道

音訓

tomb passage, tunnel or gallery

mu4 dao4

繁简拼音

墓道天井

音訓

The shaft of a tomb gallery

mu4 dao4 tian1 jing3

繁简

拼音

墓椁室

墓槨室

音訓

coffin chamber, funeral chamber

mu4 guo3 shi4

繁简拼音

墓圹

墓壙

ボコウ

音訓 grave, tomb

mu4 kuang4

繁简拼音

墓葬

音訓 tomb, burial

mu4 zang4

繁简拼音

奴隶殉墓葬

奴隸殉墓葬

音訓

a burial with sacrificed or immolated slaves

nu2 li4 xun4 mu4 zang4

繁简

拼音

排水沟

排水溝

音訓

A drainage ditch for carrying away waste water; a sewer.

pai2 shui3 gou1

繁简

(26)

陪葬墓

音訓

an attendant’s tomb

pei2 zang4 mu4

繁简

拼音

配殿，耳室

音訓

side chambers to a tomb, symmetrical side chambers

pei4 dian4, er3 shi4

繁简

拼音

前殿

音訓

antechamber, front chamber

qian2 dian4

繁简拼音

墙根

牆根

音訓

The base of a wall.

qiang2 gen1

繁简拼音

屈肢葬

音訓

flexed burial, (The body is not laid flat)

qu1 zhi1 zang4

繁简

拼音

竖穴墓

豎穴墓

音訓

shaft tomb, simple vertical hole with deceased at base.

shu4 xue2 mu4

繁简

拼音

随葬器物

隨葬器物

音訓

burial accessories, funerary goods

sui2 zang4 qi4 wu4

繁简拼音

隧道券

音訓 an arched passageway

sui4 dao4 quan4

繁简

拼音

蹄骨

音訓

hooves (ie horse, cattle feet)

ti2 gu3

繁简拼音

土葬

ドソウ

音訓

inhumation, burial in the ground

tu3 zang4

繁简拼音

殉牲

animal sacrifices

xun4 sheng1

繁简拼音

(27)

殉葬品

音訓

sacrificial objects

xun4 zang4 pin3

繁简

拼音

仰身

音訓

supine burial position

yang3 shen1

繁简拼音

腰坑

ヨウコウ

音訓

Waist Pit. A sacrificial pit in some Shang burials, located below the waist of the person.

yao1 keng1

繁简拼音

俑

ヨウ

音訓

tomb figurine, thought to be slave forms to replace human sacrifice

yong3

繁简拼音

直肢葬

音訓

an extended burial, with the body laid out flat.

zhi2 zhi1 zang4

繁简

拼音

柱洞

音訓

post holes, used in foundations to support structures.

zhu4 dong4

繁简

(28)

Object Type: Bronze Vessel

鼎

テイ

かなえ

音訓

A (Ding) tripod is a three or four legged cauldron for meat and cereals

ding3

繁简拼音

方彝

ホウイ

音訓

A square casket shaped vessel with cover. For serving wine.

fang1 yi2

繁简拼音

缶

フ

ほとぎ

音訓

simple square or circular container, usually with lid.

fou3

繁简拼音

觚

コ

_さかずき

音訓

A Gu is a tall thin vessel with flared base and top, looks like candlestick, but for wine

gu1

繁简拼音

觥

コウ

つのさかずき

音訓

A wine vessel,Real name unknown.,Often shaped like an animal.

guang1 or gong1

繁简拼音

簋

キ

音訓

Deep circular vessels with two or four handles, used as container

gui3

繁简拼音

°£

盉

カ

音訓

Roundish vessel with closed spout, a lid, and three or four feet

he2

繁简拼音

壶

壺

コ

つぼ

音訓

a rounded jar for serving wine, may have spout

hu2

繁简拼音

°§

斝

カ

音訓

A round tripod vessel for wine which has flared legs , a single handle, and posts like a Chueh

jia3

繁简拼音

鉴

鑒

カン

かがみ

音訓

A big basin like vessel for water, can also be used full as a mirror

jian4

繁简

拼音

角

similar to a jue but has symmetrical mouths

leading left and right

jiao3

繁简

(29)

金属器

金屬器

音訓

metal objects

jin1 shu3 qi4

繁简拼音

爵

シャク

さかずき

音訓

A tripod vessel with handle and open pouring spout, mushroom style knobs on top

jue2

繁简拼音

°•

罍

ライ

さかだる

音訓

A jar with wide shoulders a narrow circular foot, covered, for serving wine

lei2

繁简拼音

鬲

レキ

音訓

A Li vessel is a cauldron, three feet with space between for heating

li4

繁简拼音

盘

盤

バン

音訓

A wide shallow bowl, almost a tray, for washing vessels, ablutions, etc., handles

pan2

繁简拼音

瓿

ホウ

かめ

音訓

dumpy, bowl shaped vessel with circular foot

pou3

繁简拼音

°¶

甗

ゲン

音訓

a steamer vegetables and cereals, two pieces on Li base.

yan3

繁简拼音

匜

イ

音訓

A shallow oval dish, used in conjunction with the P’an, for ablutions or serving liquids.

yi2

繁简拼音

彝器

イキ

音訓 ritual vessels

yi2 qi4

繁简拼音

卣

イウ、ユ

音訓

a roundish jar for serving wine, with swinging handle on top

you3

繁简拼音

盏

盞

サン

さかずき

音訓

A small cup used for serving wine. Example at left made of solid gold.

zhan3

繁简

(30)

觯

觶

シ

さかずき

音訓

A wine goblet with flared lip, body more swelled than Ku.

zhi4

繁简拼音

尊

ソン

音訓

A cup used for drinking or warming wine. Circular base. Larger than a gu, but smaller than a lei.

zun1

繁简

(31)

Object Type: Tool

锛

錛

ホン

音訓

An adze. Shaped like a Fu, used mainly for dressing timber.

ben1

繁简拼音

铲

鏟

サン

音訓 a shovel or spade

chan3

繁简拼音

锉

銼

サ

音訓 a file.

cuo4

繁简拼音

镦

鐓

タイ

音訓

A mallet or heavy hammer.

dui1

繁简拼音

纺轮

紡輪

ボウリン

音訓 spindle whorl.

fang3 lun4

繁简拼音

臼杵

キュウショ

音訓

mortar and pestle.

jiu4 chu3

繁简拼音

锯

鋸

キョ

のこぎり、のこ

音訓 a saw

ju1

繁简拼音

镢

∆§

ケツ

すき

音訓 pick or hoe

jue2

繁简拼音

°´

钁

キャク、カク

音訓

A pick ax, for breaking up soil.

jue2

繁简拼音

镰

鐮

レン

かま

音訓 a sickle.

lian2

繁简拼音

木柄

音訓 wooden handle

mu4 bing3

繁简拼音

(32)

銎

キョウ

音訓

a socket for a handle, usually associated with a fu axe.

qiong1, qiong2

繁简拼音

石磨盘与石磨棒

石磨盤與石磨棒

音訓

A manos and metate set. A grinding platform and a rolling stone for crushing grains.

shi2 mo4 pan2 yü3 shi2 mo4 bang4

繁简拼音

削

サク

音訓 A scraper.

xiao1

繁简拼音

钺

鉞

エツ

_まさかり

音訓

An axe, Large style, for execution or display

yue4

繁简拼音

凿

鑿

サク

のみ

音訓 Chisel.

zao2

繁简拼音

锥

錐

スイ

きり

音訓

An awl. Used for piercing leather or wood.

zhui1

繁简拼音

钻

鑽

A drill.

zuan1

繁简拼音

(33)

Object Type: Decorative

钏

釧

セン

くしろ

音訓 armlet, bracelet

chuan4

繁简拼音

串珠

カンシュ

くしたま

音訓 bead.

chuan4 zhu1

繁简拼音

带钩

帶鉤

タイコウ

おびがね

音訓

a belt hook or fastener, sometimes made of gold or bronze and very ornate

dai4 gou1

繁简拼音

竿头饰

竿頭飾

カントウショク

音訓

a decorative metal element placed at the end of a staff

gan1 tou2 shi4

繁简拼音

箍

こ

たが

音訓

A hoop or band. A bracelet of unknown placement.

gu1

繁简拼音

料珠

リョウシュ

音訓 glass bead

liao4 zhu1

繁简拼音

铃

鈴

レイ

すず

音訓 a little bell.

ling2

繁简拼音

銮铃

鑾鈴

ランレイ

音訓

a bell used to ornament chariots

luan2 ling2

繁简拼音

佩饰

佩飾

ハイショク

音訓

ornamentation, possibly worn around the waist

pei4 shi4

繁简拼音

漆器

シッキ

音訓 lacquerware

qi1 qi4

繁简拼音

铜泡

銅泡

ドウホウ

音訓

little balls of bronze or copper

tong2 pao4

繁简

(34)

玉器

ギョッキ

音訓 objects of jade

yu4 qi4

繁简拼音

坠

墜

ツイ

音訓

A pendant, often made of jade.

zhui4

繁简拼音

镯

鐲

ショク

かね

音訓 A bracelet.

zhuo2

繁简拼音

°ß

鐏

a ferrule, (ferrule), a cap placed at the end

of a sword or staff to prevent splitting of wood.

zun1

繁简

(35)

Object Type: Miscellaneous

镳

鑣

ヒョウ

くつわ

音訓

a curb chain used to connect to the horse’s bit on a chariot.

biao1

繁简拼音

当卢

當盧

音訓

a small part of a horse’s bridle

dang1 lu2

繁简拼音

镫

鐙

トウ

あぶみ

音訓 stirrup

deng4

繁简拼音

砥石

シセキ

音訓

A whetstone, used to sharpen metal tools or finish a bronze casting.

di3 shi2

繁简拼音

斗

ト

ひしゃく

音訓

a ladle for serving wine.

dou3

繁简拼音

轭

軛

ヤク

_くびき

音訓

a horse collar for pulling chariots and such

e4

繁简拼音

砣子

音訓

an emory wheel use for working jade

tuo2 zi

繁简拼音

軎

∆£

音訓

axle endpiece to a chariot

wei4

繁简拼音

辖

轄

カツ

くさび

音訓

axle pin for a chariot

xia2

繁简拼音

匣

コウ

はこ

音訓

A sagger. A containing in which an unfired pot is place within the kiln to protect it.

xia2

繁简拼音

衔

銜

カン

くつわ

音訓

a curb bit, place between a horse’s teeth to control the ride.

xian2

繁简

(36)

象牙雕刻品

音訓

articles of carved ivory

xiang4 ya2 diao1 ke4 pin3

繁简拼音

辕

轅

エン

ながえ

音訓

the shaft of a chariot, leading from the cab to the harnesses

yuan2

繁简拼音

轸

軫

シン

よこぎ

音訓

The base railings of the chariot box, which sit directly on the axle and draught pole.

zhen3

繁简

拼音

踵

a bronze decoration placed on the tail end of

the draught pole of a chariot.

zhong3

繁简

(37)

Object Type: Jade Object

璧

ヘキ

たま

音訓

A jade disk, prevalent in Shang and earlier Liangzhu cultures, controversial significance

bi4

繁简拼音

琮

ソウ

音訓

A jade in the shape of a square, but with a round hole. Possible cosmological link

cong2

繁简拼音

圭

珪

ケイ

音訓

A jade tablet carried by nobles at court, a burial object, elongated with pointed end

gui1

繁简拼音

°®

琀

カン

音訓

A piece of jade stuffed in the mouth of the deceased. Also in other orifices.

han2

繁简拼音

璜

コウ

音訓

A jade tablet in the shape of a semicircle. Used in sacrifice and court ritual

huang2

繁简拼音

°©

玦

ケツ

音訓

A jade ring from which a segment has been cut. Many hypotheses as to significance

jue2

繁简拼音

璞

ハク

あるたま

音訓

An uncut gemstone or rough jade

pu2

繁简拼音

玉

ギョク

たま

音訓

Jade, (also gems, gemstones, semi-precious stones of all kinds)

yu4

繁简拼音

璋

ショウ

音訓

A jade tablet resembling half of a Gui. Elongated, pointed tip, used in sacrifice and burial

zhang1

繁简

(38)

Object Type: Weapon

匕首

ヒシュ

音訓

A dagger for personal defense.

bi3 shou3

繁简拼音

铤

鋌

テイ

音訓

The part of the arrowhead which goes into the wooden shaft. The tang.

ding4

繁简拼音

盾

ジュン

たて

音訓 A shield.

dun4

繁简拼音

锋（剑）

鋒（劍）

ホウ

ほこ

音訓

The point of a sword

feng1

繁简拼音

斧

フ

おの

音訓

an axe. smaller than a Yue, socketed handle. elongated.

fu3

繁简拼音

戈

カ

ほこ

音訓

A hook style weapon, dagger axe.

ge1

繁简拼音

弓弭

キュウビ

音訓

end pieces of a bow.

gong1 mi3

繁简拼音

戟

ゲキ

ほこ

音訓

A halberd. A hook weapon and spear combined. (L- shaped). Often several ge-halberds on same pole as in recreation shown.

ji3

繁简拼音

甲

こう

よろい

音訓 armor.

jia3

繁简拼音

剑

劍

ケン

つるぎ

音訓 a sword.

jian4

繁简拼音

茎（剑）

莖（劍）

The hilt of a sword

jing1

繁简

(39)

盔

カイ

音訓 a helmet

kui1

繁简拼音

腊（剑）

臘（劍）

ロウ

音訓

The spine of a sword

la4

繁简拼音

矛

ム、ボウ

ほこ

音訓 a spear,

mao2

繁简拼音

弩

ド

おうゆみ

音訓 crossbow

nu3

繁简拼音

首（剑）

首（劍）

シュ

くび

音訓

The pommel of a sword

shou3

繁简拼音

殳

シュ

_たてぼこ

音訓

A spearlike poking weapon hafted on a shaft and carrying thorny projections along base.

shu1

繁简拼音

胄

冑

チュウ

かぶと

音訓 helmet

zhou4

繁简拼音

镞

鏃

ゾク

やじり

音訓 An arrowhead.

zu2

繁简拼音

(40)

Object Type: Musical Instrument

编钟

編鐘

ヘンショウ

音訓

A chime set of bells

bian1 zhong1

繁简拼音

°™

鎛

ハク

音訓

A bell with plane (not curved) opening, and animal design on top

bo2

繁简拼音

笛

テキ

ふえ

音訓 A bamboo flute.

di2

繁简拼音

铙

鐃

ドウ

どら

音訓

A musical instrument. A big bell, with a hollow handle, to be struck by mallet, mouth up. Nao have large tubular shanks; their rims are usually arched.

nao2

繁简拼音

钮钟

鈕鐘

チュウショウ

音訓

a type of bronze bell. Highly arched at the bottom and played suspended. Hung vertically rather than obliquely as a yongzhong.

niu3 zhong1

繁简拼音

瑟

シツ

おうごと

音訓

A 25 stringed plucked musical instrument.

se4

繁简拼音

笙

セイ

ふえ

音訓

A mouth organ, similar in concept to a bagpipe, wherein a gourd is drilled with two banks of holes which accept reed pipes.

sheng1

繁简拼音

石磬

せっけい

音訓 a chime stone

shi2 qing4

繁简拼音

箫

簫

ショウ

音訓

A pan-flute of arrayed flute pipes. Played vertically and made of bamboo.

xiao1

繁简拼音

埙

壎

ケン、クン

音訓

ancient winded musical instrument, shaped like an egg similar to an ocarina.

xun1

繁简拼音

甬钟

甬鐘

A bronze bell such as that illustrated to the left which has a curved opening and a long suspending shaft.

yong3 zhong1

繁简

(41)

钟

鐘

ショウ

かね

音訓

A large bell, actually a Nao hung mouth down. Properly referred to as a Yongzhong. It differs from the Nao also in that it has a small suspension loop on the shank for hanging the bell obliquely.

zhong1

繁简

(42)

Scientific Terms

孢子花粉分析

音訓

pollen analysis

bao1 zi3 hua1 fen3 fen1 xi1

繁简拼音

标本

標本

ヒョウホン

音訓 specimen, sample

biao1 ben3

繁简拼音

铂

鉑

音訓

Pt. The element platinum.

bo2

繁简拼音

赤铜

赤銅

音訓 copper

chi4 tong2

繁简拼音

氮

音訓

N. The element nitrogen.

dan4

繁简拼音

电子显微镜

電子顯微鏡

音訓 An electron microscope.

dian4 zi xian3 wei1 jing4

繁简

拼音

电子探针分析

電子探針分析

音訓

Electron probe analysis.

dian4 zi3 tan4 zhen1 fen1 xi1

繁简拼音

放射

音訓 radiates, radiation

fang4 she4

繁简拼音

沸点

沸點

音訓 boiling point

fei4 dian3

繁简拼音

钙

鈣

音訓

Ca. The element calcium.

gai4

繁简拼音

公吨

公噸

Metric Ton (MT, t.)

gong1 dun1

繁简拼音

(43)

公斤

音訓 kilogram (kg.)

gong1 jin1

繁简拼音

公里

音訓 kilometer km.

gong1 li3

繁简拼音

公亩

公畝

音訓 are, 100 sq m.

gong1 mu3

繁简拼音

公顷

公頃

音訓 hectare, =2.471 mu

gong1 qing3

繁简拼音

汞

音訓

Hg. The element mercury.

gong3

繁简拼音

古地磁法

音訓

archaeomagnetic dating (Using the knowledge of the earths previous pole orientations)

gu3 di4 ci2 fa3

繁简

拼音

光谱半定量普查

光譜半定量普查

音訓

A general survey of the compositional makeup of a substance using spectroscopic analysis.

guang1 pu3 ban4 ding4 liang4 pu3 cha2

繁简

拼音

硅

音訓

Si. The element silicon.

gui1

繁简拼音

毫米

音訓 millimeter mm.

hao2 mi3

繁简拼音

火候

音訓

duration of heating in a kiln or furnace

huo3 hou4

繁简拼音

钾

鉀

音訓

K. The element potassium.

jia3

繁简

(44)

假说

假說

音訓 hypothesis

jia3 shuo1

繁简拼音

较正

校正

音訓 calibrated, corrected

jiao4 zheng4

繁简拼音

金

音訓

Au. The element gold.

jin1

繁简拼音

金相观察

金相觀察

音訓 metallographic analysis.

jin1 xiang1 guan1 cha2

繁简拼音

径

徑

音訓 diameter

jing4

繁简拼音

距今

音訓 Before Present, (1950) B.P.

ju4 jin1

繁简拼音

绝对年代

絕對年代

音訓 absolute date

jue2 dui4 nian2 dai4

繁简拼音

克

音訓 gram

ke4

繁简拼音

孔雀石

音訓

malachite ore. Copper Carbonate. Green in color.

kong3 que4 shi2

繁简拼音

厘米

音訓 centimeter cm.

li2 mi3

繁简拼音

磷

P. The element phosphorus.

lin2

繁简

(45)

硫

音訓

S. The element sulfur.

liu2

繁简拼音

铝

鋁

音訓

Al. The element aluminum

lü3

繁简拼音

绿松石

綠松石

音訓 turquoise

lü4 song1 shi2

繁简拼音

玛瑙

瑪瑙

音訓 agate stone.

ma3 nao3

繁简拼音

镁

鎂

音訓

Mg. The element magnesium.

mei3

繁简拼音

米

音訓 meter m.

mi3

繁简拼音

面积

面積

音訓

area, square area

mian4 ji1

繁简拼音

目

音訓

some designation of size, smaller than a millimeter.

mu4

繁简拼音

钠

鈉

音訓

Na. The element sodium

na4

繁简拼音

镍

鎳

音訓

Ni. The element nickel

nie4

繁简拼音

凝结

凝結

音訓 condense

ning2 jie2

繁简拼音

(46)

平方米

音訓

square meter m2

ping2 fang1 mi3

繁简

拼音

铅

鉛

音訓

Pb. The element lead.

qian1

繁简拼音

铅同位素比值

鉛同位素比值

音訓

lead isotope analysis.

qian1 tong2 wei4 su4 bi3 zhi2

繁简拼音

铅同位

鉛同位素比值分析

音訓

Lead isotope analysis. Used to determine the source of metal objects by comparing the ratio of lead isotopes found in the object to various ore bodies.

qian1 tong2 wei4 su4 bi3 zhi2 fen1 xi2

繁简拼音

氢

氫

音訓 H. hydrogen

qing1

繁简拼音

熔点

熔點

音訓 melting point

rong2 dian3

繁简拼音

容量法

音訓

Compositional analysis to determine the relative amounts of various substances in an alloy or compount.

rong2 liang2 fa3

繁简

拼音

砷

音訓

As. The element arsenic

shen1

繁简拼音

升

音訓 litre (l.)

sheng1

繁简拼音

树木年轮断代法

樹木年輪斷代法

音訓 Dendrochronology

shu4 mu4 nian2 lun2 duan4 dai4 fa3

繁简拼音

碳 14

碳14

Carbon 14

tan4

繁简拼音

(47)

碳

音訓

C. The element carbon.

tan4

繁简拼音

铁

鐵

音訓

Fe. The element iron.

tie3

繁简拼音

铜

銅

音訓

Cu. The element copper.

tong2

繁简拼音

Ｘ光透视

X-光透視

音訓 X-ray photography.

X-guang1 tou4 shi4

繁简

拼音

X荧光分析

X熒光分析

音訓

X-ray fluorescence analysis. Bombarding surface with X-rays and reading photo spectrum.

X-ying2 guang1 fen1 xi1

繁简

拼音

锡

錫

音訓

Sn. The element tin.

xi1

繁简拼音

相对年代

相對年代

音訓 relative date

xiang1 dui4 nian2 dai4

繁简

拼音

锌

鋅

音訓

Zn. The element zinc.

xin1

繁简拼音

压缩

壓縮

音訓 compression, compress

ya1 suo1

繁简拼音

氧

音訓

O. The element oxygen.

yang3

繁简拼音

银

銀

ギン

しろがね

音訓

Ag. The element silver.

yin2

繁简

(48)

元素

音訓 element

yuan2 su4

繁简拼音

蒸发气化

蒸發氣化

音訓 evaporate

zheng1 fa1 qi4 hua4

繁简

(49)

音訓繁简拼音音訓繁简拼音